CN118058142A - Alternate iterative production method for watermelons - Google Patents

Alternate iterative production method for watermelons Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118058142A
CN118058142A CN202410199112.8A CN202410199112A CN118058142A CN 118058142 A CN118058142 A CN 118058142A CN 202410199112 A CN202410199112 A CN 202410199112A CN 118058142 A CN118058142 A CN 118058142A
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Prior art keywords
fruit
branch
branches
tendrils
root
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CN202410199112.8A
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Chinese (zh)
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朱龙舟
朱蓓
朱春荣
朱林杰
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Nanhui Shanghai Melon And Fruit Co ltd
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Nanhui Shanghai Melon And Fruit Co ltd
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Priority to CN202410199112.8A priority Critical patent/CN118058142A/en
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Abstract

The invention relates to a watermelon alternate iterative production method, which comprises the following steps: s1: when the temperature interval is 5-20 ℃, each plant of watermelon is cultivated with a first branch and a second branch, the first branch is cultivated to obtain fruit and only one first fruit is reserved, and the second branch is free of fruit; s2: when the temperature range is increased to 15-30 ℃, harvesting the first fruits, cultivating the second branch and vine fruit, retaining only one second fruit, and pruning the branches and vine of the first fruits from the root parts of the first fruits; culturing a third branch and a fourth branch at the root, and reserving only one of the third branch and the fourth branch in a selection and reservation iteration; s3, when the temperature range is increased to 25-40 ℃, harvesting the second fruit, cultivating other branch and vine fruit, only retaining one third fruit, and pruning the branch and vine of the second fruit from the root of the second fruit; and culturing fifth and sixth branches and tendrils at the root, and reserving the fifth and sixth branches and tendrils in a selection and reservation iteration mode. The invention can produce watermelons with lower cost and better quality on the basis of not changing the traditional cultivation quantity.

Description

Alternate iterative production method for watermelons
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of watermelon planting, and particularly relates to an alternate iterative production method of watermelons.
Background
The prior art for planting watermelons includes:
Land preparation: sandy loam with loose and fertile soil quality, deep soil layer, sufficient illumination and convenient drainage and irrigation is selected, and continuous cropping is avoided. Deep ploughing and freezing upturned soil before planting, timely preparing soil before transplanting, and realizing soil loosening, soil moisture leveling and rain stopping.
Seed selection and seed soaking: selecting fine seeds suitable for local soil and climate planting, and paying attention to indexes such as seed purity, water content, thousand seed weight, germination rate and the like. The seeds are sun-dried for 2 days before soaking, then soaked in warm water for 6-8 hours, and sterilized.
Sowing and transplanting: a shallow groove or a pit with the depth of 8-10cm is formed on the melon ridge near the base fertilizer application position, the plant spacing is 45-50cm, 1-2 germination accelerating seeds are sown in each pit, then 2-3cm of soil is covered, and water is irrigated once. If the seeds are coated seeds, the seeds can be directly sown without disinfection. The watermelon can be cultivated in open field, and can be transplanted in seedling besides direct seeding.
And (3) fertilization management: in the growth process of watermelons, reasonable fertilization is required. The base fertilizer generally accounts for 60% -70% of the total fertilizing amount, and the high-quality cake fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are used as main materials and the inorganic fertilizer is used as auxiliary materials, and elements such as potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen and the like are reasonably matched. Meanwhile, the watermelon is fertilized at proper time according to the growth condition of the watermelon.
Irrigation management: in the growth process of the watermelons, watering is needed at proper time. Watering for one time in drought to keep soil moist. Meanwhile, the water is drained in rainy seasons, and water accumulation in the field is avoided.
Pest control: in the growth process of watermelons, attention is paid to pest control. The growth condition of plants is checked regularly, and the plant diseases and insect pests are found and treated in time.
When the temperature of the production environment is 5-20 ℃, two vines and one fruit are usually adopted for retaining branches and fruit, namely two vines are reserved, one watermelon is selected and retained, particularly 1 side vine is selected and retained at the base part except the main vine to grow in parallel with the main vine, and all the side vines are removed later. Thus, the number of the vines is large, the leaf area is large, the number of female flowers is large, the fruit can be set on the main vines, and the fruit shape is large. The process should be carried out before harvesting the whole field watermelon from the result, the redundant fungus is erased, the tender leaves and the small leaves are reduced, the large She Zhuangshe is reserved, the nutrition is concentrated, and the fruit development is promoted. This validated mode is typically chosen from an illumination, air temperature, nutrition perspective.
However, the current two-vine one-fruit planting mode is greatly affected by temperature, and the mode increases with the temperature to prolong the fruit setting time of each plant of watermelon, so that the quality of the watermelon is reduced, and the defects of high production cost and poor quality exist.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides an alternate iterative production method of watermelons.
The technical scheme of the invention is to provide a watermelon alternate iterative production method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: when the temperature interval is 5-20 ℃, each plant of watermelon is cultivated with a first branch and a second branch, the first branch is cultivated to obtain fruit and only one first fruit is reserved, and the second branch is free of fruit;
S2: when the temperature range is increased to 15-30 ℃, harvesting the first fruits, cultivating the second branch and vine fruit, retaining only one second fruit, and pruning the branches and vine of the first fruits from the root parts of the first fruits; culturing a third branch and a fourth branch at the root, and reserving only one of the third branch and the fourth branch in a selection and reservation iteration;
S3, when the temperature range is increased to 25-40 ℃, harvesting the second fruit, cultivating other branch and vine fruit, only retaining one third fruit, and pruning the branch and vine of the second fruit from the root of the second fruit; and culturing fifth and sixth branches and tendrils at the root, and reserving the fifth and sixth branches and tendrils in a selection and reservation iteration mode.
Further, the method further comprises S4: when the temperature interval is increased to above 40 ℃, harvesting the third fruit, cultivating other branches and tendrils to set fruits, retaining only one fourth fruit, and pruning the branches and tendrils of the third fruit from the roots of the third fruit; and culturing seventh and eighth branches and tendrils at the root, and reserving the seventh and eighth branches and tendrils by selecting and reserving iteration.
Further, the method further comprises S5: when the temperature interval is reduced to 40-25 ℃, harvesting the fourth fruit, cultivating other branches and tendrils to obtain fruit sets, retaining only one fifth fruit, and shearing off the branches and tendrils of the fourth fruit from the root of the fourth fruit; and culturing a ninth branch and a tenth branch at the root, and reserving one of the ninth branch and the tenth branch by selecting and reserving iteration.
Further, the method further comprises S6: when the temperature interval is reduced to 30-15 ℃, harvesting the fifth fruit, cultivating other branches and tendrils to set fruits, retaining only one sixth fruit, and shearing off the branches and tendrils of the fifth fruit from the roots of the fifth fruit; and culturing eleventh and twelfth branches and tendrils in the root, and reserving one of the eleventh and twelfth branches and tendrils by selecting and reserving iteration.
Further, when the temperature interval is stable, the last step of the method is repeated, while only one branch remains after the iteration is selected.
Further, the method comprises arranging a planting greenhouse with a length of 50m and a width of 7m, dividing the planting greenhouse into a first row and a second row, arranging a working channel between the first row and the second row, arranging a working channel with a width of 0.4m,
Further, the planting distance of the method is 0.25m, and 640 plants are planted per mu.
Compared with the prior art, the alternate and iterative watermelon production method provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
By alternately and iteratively producing each plant of watermelon at different temperatures, namely cutting off the branches and tendrils of the watermelon from the roots of the watermelon after harvesting fruits along with the temperature rise, cultivating two new branches and tendrils at the roots, and reserving the two new branches and tendrils in a selected and reserved iteration mode, each plant of watermelon is gradually changed from two tendrils to one tendrils to three tendrils and then to four tendrils to one tendrils. After the temperature is reduced, the branches and tendrils of the watermelon are cut off from the roots of the watermelon after the harvest result, two new branches and tendrils are cultivated at the roots, one of the two new branches and tendrils is reserved in a selection and selection iteration mode, so that each watermelon is gradually changed from four tendrils to three tendrils to one tendrils and then to two tendrils to one tendrils, the minimum production cost and the optimal quality of the watermelon are kept under different temperature modes, and the effects of lower cost and better quality can be achieved on the basis of not changing the traditional cultivation quantity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a two-vine one-fruit structure at a temperature interval of 5-20deg.C in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the structure of pruning old branches when the temperature range is 15-30 ℃.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the structure of the new branch for promoting the growth at 15-30 ℃.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a three-vine one-fruit structure at a temperature interval of 25-40℃in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a four-vine one-fruit structure when the temperature interval is above 40 ℃.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a three-vine one-fruit structure at a temperature interval of 40-25℃in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a two-vine one-fruit structure at a temperature of 30-15℃in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Specific implementations of the invention are described in detail below in connection with specific embodiments.
The method for alternately and iteratively producing the watermelons comprises the following steps:
S1: when the temperature interval is 5-20 ℃, cultivating first branches and tendrils 101 and second branches and tendrils 102 in each plant of the watermelon, cultivating first branches and tendrils 101, setting fruits and only retaining one first fruit 103, wherein the second branches and tendrils 102 are free of fruits;
S2: when the temperature range rises to 15-30 ℃, harvesting the first fruit 103, cultivating the second branch 102, setting the fruit, retaining only one second fruit 401, and pruning the branch of the first fruit 103 from the root of the first fruit; culturing a third branch 301 and a fourth branch 302 at the root, and reserving only one of the third branch 301 and the fourth branch 302 in a selection iteration;
S3, when the temperature range is increased to 25-40 ℃, harvesting the second fruit 401, cultivating other branch and vine fruit sets, only retaining one third fruit, and pruning the branch and vine of the second fruit 401 from the root of the third fruit; fifth branch 501 and sixth branch 502 are cultivated in the root, and fifth branch 501 and sixth branch 502 are reserved in the selection iteration.
Specific examples are as follows: when the climate temperature is 5-20 ℃, the cultivation mode is two vines and one fruit, the basic structure is shown in figure 1, the branches and fruits of the first-stubble watermelon are reserved, the first branch 101 and the second branch 102 are reserved, one first fruit 103 of the watermelon is selected, and under the cultivation mode of two vines and one fruit, as two vines are reserved for each plant of watermelon, the watermelon can be ensured to obtain enough illumination, so that photosynthesis is promoted, and the fruit quality is improved. Secondly, in the temperature range, the growth speed of the watermelon is slower, and the quality and the yield of single fruits can be ensured because only one fruit quantity is reserved. When the climate temperature of the production environment is 15-30 ℃, the cultivation main branches are alternately iterated, old branches are cut off as shown in fig. 2, second branches 102 are reserved, new branches are induced to grow as shown in fig. 3, after the first stubble melon is harvested, the old branches which are tied with the melon are cut off from the root, the new branches are induced to grow, and the third branches 301 and the fourth branches 302 of the new branches which thrive are already developed in fig. 3. When the climate temperature of the production environment is 25-40 ℃, as shown in fig. 4, after harvesting the first-crop watermelons, cutting off the old branches of the grown watermelons at the root along with gradual rising of the air temperature, accurately cutting off one old branch, accelerating the growth of two new branches, selecting and reserving iteration fifth branch 501 and sixth branch 502, reserving the branches, changing the structures of the branches, finishing transformation from two branches to one branch, accelerating the growth speed of the watermelons along with rising of the temperature, increasing the quantity of the branches, effectively promoting physiological and biochemical processes such as photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration of the watermelons, further promoting the rapid ripening of the watermelons, guaranteeing the quality of the watermelons, and effectively realizing standardized healthy cultivation.
As shown in fig. 5, the method further comprises S4, harvesting the third fruit when the temperature interval rises above 40 ℃, cultivating other branch and vine fruit and retaining only one fourth fruit 503, cutting off the branch and vine of the third fruit from the root thereof; and culturing seventh branch 504 and eighth branch 505 at the root, and reserving the seventh branch 504 and eighth branch 505 in a selected iteration mode, namely, converting the original three-vine one-fruit cultivation mode into four-vine one-fruit cultivation mode, so that standardized eugenic and healthy cultivation can be effectively realized.
As shown in fig. 6, the method further comprises S5, harvesting the fourth fruit 503 when the temperature interval is reduced to 40-25 ℃, cultivating other fruit bearing branches and retaining only one fifth fruit 601, and pruning the branches and tendrils of the fourth fruit 503 from the roots thereof; and culturing the ninth branch 602 and the tenth branch 603 at the root, and reserving one of the ninth branch 602 and the tenth branch 603 in a selected and reserved iteration mode, namely finishing the cultivation transformation from the original four-vine one fruit to the three-vine one fruit, and effectively realizing the standardized eugenic prepotency.
As shown in fig. 7, the method further comprises S6, harvesting the fifth fruit when the temperature interval is reduced to 30-15 ℃, cultivating other fruit sets and retaining only one sixth fruit, and pruning the branches and tendrils of the fifth fruit from the roots thereof; and culturing eleventh branches 701 and twelfth branches (not shown in the figure) at roots, and reserving one of the eleventh branches 701 and twelfth branches through selection and iteration, namely finishing transformation from original three-vines to two-vines to one-vines, so as to effectively realize standardized eugenic and healthy raising.
Further, when the temperature interval is stable, the last step of the method is repeated, and only one branch is reserved after the iteration is selected and reserved, so that the number of branches of each plant of watermelon is stable, and the best economic benefit and the best watermelon quality under the current temperature environment are obtained.
Further, the method further comprises the step of arranging a planting greenhouse before planting, wherein the length of the planting greenhouse is 50m, the width of the planting greenhouse is 7m, the planting greenhouse is divided into a first row and a second row, an operation channel is arranged between the first row and the second row, the width of the operation channel is 0.4m, the planting distance of the method is 0.25m, the net area is 560 square mu, 640 plants are planted per mu, and the planting greenhouse is arranged according to the method so as to achieve the best economic benefit and the best watermelon quality.

Claims (7)

1. The alternating iterative production method of watermelons is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: when the temperature interval is 5-20 ℃, each plant of watermelon is cultivated with a first branch and a second branch, the first branch is cultivated to obtain fruit and only one first fruit is reserved, and the second branch is free of fruit;
S2: when the temperature range is increased to 15-30 ℃, harvesting the first fruits, cultivating the second branch and vine fruit, retaining only one second fruit, and pruning the branches and vine of the first fruits from the root parts of the first fruits; culturing a third branch and a fourth branch at the root, and reserving only one of the third branch and the fourth branch in a selection and reservation iteration;
S3, when the temperature range is increased to 25-40 ℃, harvesting the second fruit, cultivating other branch and vine fruit, only retaining one third fruit, and pruning the branch and vine of the second fruit from the root of the second fruit; and culturing fifth and sixth branches and tendrils at the root, and reserving the fifth and sixth branches and tendrils in a selection and reservation iteration mode.
2. The method of alternate and iterative watermelon production of claim 1, further comprising
S4: when the temperature interval is increased to above 40 ℃, harvesting the third fruit, cultivating other branches and tendrils to set fruits, retaining only one fourth fruit, and pruning the branches and tendrils of the third fruit from the roots of the third fruit; and culturing seventh and eighth branches and tendrils at the root, and reserving the seventh and eighth branches and tendrils by selecting and reserving iteration.
3. The method of alternate and iterative watermelon production of claim 2, further comprising
S5: when the temperature interval is reduced to 40-25 ℃, harvesting the fourth fruit, cultivating other branches and tendrils to obtain fruit sets, retaining only one fifth fruit, and shearing off the branches and tendrils of the fourth fruit from the root of the fourth fruit; and culturing a ninth branch and a tenth branch at the root, and reserving one of the ninth branch and the tenth branch by selecting and reserving iteration.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising
S6: when the temperature interval is reduced to 30-15 ℃, harvesting the fifth fruit, cultivating other branches and tendrils to set fruits, retaining only one sixth fruit, and shearing off the branches and tendrils of the fifth fruit from the roots of the fifth fruit; and culturing eleventh and twelfth branches and tendrils in the root, and reserving one of the eleventh and twelfth branches and tendrils by selecting and reserving iteration.
5. The alternate, iterative method of producing watermelons according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the last step of the method is repeated while only one branch remains after the iteration is selected, when the temperature interval is stable.
6. The alternate, iterative method of producing watermelons according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising arranging planting greenhouses having a length of 50m and a width of 7m, divided into a first row and a second row, with a working channel arranged between the first and second rows, the working channel having a width of 0.4m.
7. The alternate and iterative watermelon production method according to claim 6, wherein the planting distance of the method is 0.25m, and 640 plants are planted per mu.
CN202410199112.8A 2024-02-22 2024-02-22 Alternate iterative production method for watermelons Pending CN118058142A (en)

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CN202410199112.8A CN118058142A (en) 2024-02-22 2024-02-22 Alternate iterative production method for watermelons

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Publications (1)

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CN118058142A true CN118058142A (en) 2024-05-24

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