CN118005453A - Method for preparing bacterial manure by Chinese herbal medicine fermentation - Google Patents
Method for preparing bacterial manure by Chinese herbal medicine fermentation Download PDFInfo
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- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing bacterial manure by Chinese herbal medicine fermentation, which belongs to the technical field of microbial bacterial manure processing, and comprises the following preparation steps: the Chinese herbal medicine component is extracted into Chinese herbal medicine extract, the Chinese herbal medicine extract is fermented by composite strain, amino acid and trace elements are dissolved and then mixed with the Chinese herbal medicine extract to prepare the Chinese herbal medicine bacterial fertilizer, the Chinese herbal medicine component is coptis chinensis, phellodendron bark, radix stemonae, fructus forsythiae, chrysanthemum and radix isatidis, and the composite strain is bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus mucilaginosus, rhodobacter azotemonis, rhodobacter capsulatus and trichoderma harzianum. After the Chinese herbal medicine components are subjected to low-temperature countercurrent extraction, original lignin is removed, the growth of composite strains is not affected, the Chinese herbal medicine components are fermented to provide absorbable micromolecular substances for crops, and the composite strains can relieve soil hardening, inhibit germs, enhance crop stress resistance and reduce heavy metal pollution of soil, so that the yield and quality of crops are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microbial fertilizer processing, in particular to a method for preparing a bacterial fertilizer by fermenting Chinese herbal medicines.
Background
In recent years, with the large-scale use of chemical fertilizers, the problems and defects caused by the large-scale use of chemical fertilizers are gradually revealed, the soil hardening problem is increasingly serious, beneficial microorganisms in the soil are drastically reduced, the permeability, the oxygen supply capacity and the nutrient balance maintaining capacity of the soil are reduced, a large amount of harmful substances and heavy metals remain, and crops and vegetables are poor in growth and reduced in quality. With the development of green agriculture, microbial fertilizers are increasingly receiving attention. The microbial fertilizer is a novel fertilizer which is prepared by fermenting with microorganisms as cores according to the principles of soil microecology and plant nutrition physiology, has no pollution and nuisance, and is suitable for green food production. At present, the microbial fertilizer has single functionality, the quality of crops cannot be improved well, most of Chinese herbal medicine fermented fertilizers are prepared by directly fermenting Chinese herbal medicines by utilizing microorganisms, a large amount of lignin exists in the Chinese herbal medicines, the lignin is unfavorable for the growth of strains in the fermentation process, and the strains cannot be fermented fully, so that the nutrients in the Chinese herbal medicines cannot be released completely.
In view of the problems of the prior art, the invention combines the design and use experience of the related art for many years, and designs a method for preparing bacterial manure by fermenting Chinese herbal medicines to overcome the defects.
Disclosure of Invention
The method for preparing the bacterial manure by fermenting the Chinese herbal medicine can provide nutrient substances required by growth for crops, is safe and free of toxic and side effects, can improve the soil environment, can degrade pesticide residues, reduce heavy metal pollution, improve the soil fertility, improve the yield and quality of the crops, and avoid the defect that lignin in the Chinese herbal medicine inhibits the growth of strains.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for preparing bacterial manure by Chinese herbal medicine fermentation comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the following Chinese herbal medicine components in parts by weight: 8-15 parts of coptis chinensis, 8-15 parts of phellodendron, 4-10 parts of radix stemonae, 4-12 parts of fructus forsythiae, 2-10 parts of chrysanthemum and 2-12 parts of radix isatidis;
(2) Extraction: performing low-temperature countercurrent extraction on the Chinese herbal medicine components to obtain a Chinese herbal medicine extract;
(3) Preparing a fermentation medium: adding 15-50 parts by weight of Chinese herbal medicine extract, 20-50 parts by weight of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 20-50 parts by weight of sodium chloride, 80-130 parts by weight of calcium carbonate and 800-1500 parts by weight of water into a fermentation culture medium, and sterilizing;
(4) Fermentation: respectively streaking and transferring the composite strain to a flat plate, culturing single bacterial colonies, respectively transferring to a liquid seed culture medium, culturing to a logarithmic phase to obtain composite strain liquid seeds, and then, according to the weight ratio of the composite strain liquid seeds to the fermentation culture medium of 6-10:100 inoculating the composite strain liquid seeds into a fermentation medium, and fermenting for 24-48 hours at 33-39 ℃ to obtain Chinese herbal medicine extract fermentation liquor;
(5) Mixing 5-15 parts by weight of amino acid with 1-3 parts by weight of trace elements, and adding water to dissolve the mixture to obtain a solution;
(6) Mixing 1-5 parts by weight of a dissolving solution with 400-1200 parts by weight of a Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution fermentation liquor to obtain a Chinese herbal medicine bacterial fertilizer;
The compound bacterial comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus mucilaginosus, rhodobacter azotemlobus, rhodobacter capsulatus and trichoderma harzianum;
The mass ratio of bacillus subtilis to bacillus megaterium to bacillus amyloliquefaciens to rhodobacter sphaeroides to rhodobacter azotemlobus to rhodobacter capsulatus to trichoderma harzianum in the composite strain liquid seed is 10-16:8-14:8-14:8-14:6-12:6-12:2-8.
Preferably, in the step (1), the following Chinese herbal medicine components in parts by weight are weighed: 8-12 parts of coptis chinensis, 9-12 parts of phellodendron, 4-8 parts of radix stemonae, 5-10 parts of fructus forsythiae, 3-8 parts of chrysanthemum and 4-8 parts of radix isatidis.
Preferably, the Chinese herbal medicine extract in the step (2) is prepared by the following steps:
s1, putting the weighed Chinese herbal medicine components into a pulverizer to pulverize, so as to obtain pulverized materials;
S2, placing the crushed materials into an extraction instrument, performing ultrasonic low-temperature countercurrent extraction by using water, and controlling the temperature between 25 and 45 ℃;
And S3, separating the upper layer liquid from the lower layer sediment after the extraction is finished, and taking the upper layer liquid to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine extract.
Preferably, the fermentation medium in the step (3) is prepared by: adding 20-40 parts by weight of Chinese herbal medicine extract, 20-40 parts by weight of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 20-40 parts by weight of sodium chloride, 80-120 parts by weight of calcium carbonate and 800-1200 parts by weight of water into a fermentation culture medium, and sterilizing.
Preferably, the number of viable bacteria in the fermentation liquor of the Chinese herbal medicine extract in the step (4) is more than 5.0 hundred million cfu/g.
Preferably, the amino acid in the step (5) is gamma-aminobutyric acid.
Preferably, the microelements in the step (5) comprise 40-60 parts by weight of ammonium phosphate, 10-20 parts by weight of boric acid, 10-20 parts by weight of zinc sulfate and 10-20 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate.
Preferably, in the step (6), 1-3 parts by weight of the dissolution liquid and 800-1200 parts by weight of the fermentation liquid of the Chinese herbal medicine extract are mixed to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine bacterial fertilizer.
Preferably, the mass ratio of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus mucilaginosus, rhodobacter azotemlobus, rhodobacter capsulatus and trichoderma harzianum in the composite strain liquid seed is 12-15:10-13:10-13:8-11:6-9:6-9:3-6.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. The invention firstly carries out ultrasonic low-temperature countercurrent extraction on the Chinese herbal medicine components before fermentation, extracts the nutritional ingredients in the Chinese herbal medicine components, and the low-temperature countercurrent can ensure that the nutritional ingredients which are not resistant to temperature in the Chinese herbal medicine components are not destroyed, furthest extracts the nutritional ingredients, the lignins in the Chinese herbal medicine components have antibacterial action, can destroy the cell walls of compound strains and interfere the metabolism of the compound strains, and the lignin in the Chinese herbal medicine components is removed by the low-temperature countercurrent extraction, so that the compound strains have good fermentation effect, the viable count is more than 5.0 hundred million cfu/g, and the effect of the compound strains can be better exerted.
2. The invention adopts composite bacteria for fermentation, has small antagonism, can synergistically play roles in improving soil environment, inhibiting bacteria and improving crop immunity, and can obviously improve crop yield and quality and adjust soil microorganism systems and physicochemical properties compared with conventional fertilization. The bacillus megatherium in the composite strain can decompose organophosphorus pesticides in soil, so that heavy metal pollution is reduced, the bacillus megatherium and bacillus mucilaginosus can release potassium elements and phosphorus elements which are fixed in the soil and cannot be absorbed by crops, nitrogen fixing rhodobacter sphaeroides and rhodobacter capsulatus can regulate the carbon-nitrogen ratio together, and the four can synergistically improve the soil fertility; the bacillus subtilis and the paenibacillus amyloliquefaciens effectively inhibit and reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases of crops; the rhodobacter capsulatus improves the disease resistance and immunity of crops and provides more inorganic matters for the crops; trichoderma harzianum has broad spectrum, can protect and strengthen root system, and has raised stress resistance and antiviral capacity, so as to promote crop growth and raise crop yield and quality.
3. The invention adopts purely natural Chinese herbal medicine components, and generates rich protein, polysaccharide, various amino acids, mineral substances, trace elements, vitamins and organic acids after fermentation, thus providing nutrient substances for the growth of crops, reducing the toxicity of the Chinese herbal medicine components, reducing the content of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the Chinese herbal medicine components and the crops, adjusting the microbial system of soil, improving the disease resistance of the crops and promoting the secretion of growth hormone by adding the gamma-aminobutyric acid, thereby stimulating the growth of the crops and leading the crops to better resist external stimulation.
4. The Chinese herbal medicine bacterial fertilizer is liquid, is simple to prepare, can directly reach the root of crops after being applied, has no residue, is easy to absorb, has quick fertilizer efficiency, can obviously promote the growth of crops without applying base fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, improves the yield and quality of the crops, and does not cause soil hardening.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples for the purpose of facilitating understanding by those skilled in the art.
Example 1
(1) The Chinese herbal medicine comprises the following components in parts by weight: 11 parts of coptis chinensis, 10 parts of phellodendron bark, 6 parts of radix stemonae, 8 parts of fructus forsythiae, 5 parts of chrysanthemum and 6 parts of radix isatidis;
(2) Extraction: pulverizing the weighed Chinese herbal medicine components in a pulverizer to obtain pulverized materials, placing the pulverized materials in an extractor, performing ultrasonic low-temperature countercurrent extraction with water at 30 ℃, separating upper layer liquid from lower layer sediment after extraction is completed, and taking the upper layer liquid to obtain Chinese herbal medicine extract;
(3) Preparing a fermentation medium: adding 40 parts by weight of Chinese herbal medicine extract, 30 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 30 parts of sodium chloride, 100 parts of calcium carbonate and 1000 parts of water into a fermentation culture medium, and sterilizing for 30min at 124 ℃;
(4) Fermentation: respectively streaking and transferring composite bacterial bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus mucilaginosus, nitrogen fixing rhodobacter sphaeroides, rhodobacter capsulatus and trichoderma harzianum to a flat plate, culturing single bacterial colonies, respectively transferring the single bacterial colonies to a liquid seed culture medium for culturing until the logarithmic phase to obtain composite bacterial liquid seeds, and then carrying out weight ratio of the composite bacterial liquid seeds to a fermentation culture medium of 8:100 inoculating composite strain liquid seeds into a fermentation medium, and fermenting in a 100L fermentation tank at 37 ℃ for 48 hours to obtain a Chinese herbal medicine extract fermentation liquor, wherein the mass ratio of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, paenibacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus mucilaginosus, rhodobacter azotemozolomi, rhodobacter capsulatus and trichoderma harzianum in the composite strain liquid seeds is 14:12:12:10:8:8:4;
(5) Adding water into 10 parts by weight of gamma-aminobutyric acid and 1 part by weight of trace elements to dissolve to obtain a dissolving solution, wherein the trace elements comprise 50 parts of ammonium phosphate, 20 parts of boric acid, 20 parts of zinc sulfate and 20 parts of magnesium sulfate;
(6) Mixing 1 part by weight of the dissolution liquid with 1000 parts by weight of the Chinese herbal medicine extract fermentation liquid to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine bacterial fertilizer.
Example 2
(1) Weighing the following Chinese herbal medicine components in parts by weight: 8 parts of coptis chinensis, 9 parts of phellodendron, 4 parts of radix stemonae, 5 parts of fructus forsythiae, 3 parts of chrysanthemum and 4 parts of radix isatidis;
(2) Extraction: pulverizing the weighed Chinese herbal medicine components in a pulverizer to obtain pulverized materials, placing the pulverized materials in an extractor, adding water, performing ultrasonic low-temperature countercurrent extraction at 25deg.C, separating upper liquid and lower sediment after extraction, and collecting the upper liquid to obtain Chinese herbal medicine extract;
(3) Preparing a fermentation medium: adding 20 parts by weight of Chinese herbal medicine extract, 20 parts by weight of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 20 parts by weight of sodium chloride, 80 parts by weight of calcium carbonate and 800 parts by weight of water into a fermentation medium, and sterilizing for 30min at 124 ℃;
(4) Fermentation: respectively streaking and transferring composite bacterial bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus mucilaginosus, nitrogen fixing rhodobacter sphaeroides, rhodobacter capsulatus and trichoderma harzianum to a flat plate, culturing single bacterial colonies, respectively transferring the single bacterial colonies to a liquid seed culture medium for culturing until the logarithmic phase to obtain composite bacterial liquid seeds, and then carrying out the culture according to the weight ratio of the composite bacterial liquid seeds to the fermentation culture medium of 6:100 inoculating composite strain liquid seeds into a fermentation medium, and fermenting in a 100L fermentation tank at 37 ℃ for 48 hours to obtain a Chinese herbal medicine extract fermentation liquor, wherein the mass ratio of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, paenibacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus mucilaginosus, rhodobacter azotemozolomi, rhodobacter capsulatus and trichoderma harzianum in the composite strain liquid seeds is 14:12:12:10:8:8:4;
(5) Adding water into 5 parts by weight of gamma-aminobutyric acid and 1 part by weight of trace elements to dissolve to obtain a dissolving solution, wherein the trace elements comprise 40 parts of ammonium phosphate, 10 parts of boric acid, 10 parts of zinc sulfate and 10 parts of magnesium sulfate;
(6) And mixing 1 part by weight of the dissolution liquid with 800 parts by weight of the Chinese herbal medicine extract fermentation liquid to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine bacterial fertilizer.
Example 3
(1) Weighing the following Chinese herbal medicine components in parts by weight: 12 parts of coptis chinensis, 12 parts of phellodendron, 8 parts of radix stemonae, 10 parts of fructus forsythiae, 8 parts of chrysanthemum and 8 parts of radix isatidis;
(2) Extraction: pulverizing the weighed Chinese herbal medicine components in a pulverizer to obtain pulverized materials, placing the pulverized materials in an extractor, performing ultrasonic low-temperature countercurrent extraction at 35 ℃ with water, separating upper layer liquid from lower layer sediment after extraction is completed, and taking the upper layer liquid to obtain Chinese herbal medicine extract;
(3) Preparing a fermentation medium: adding 40 parts by weight of Chinese herbal medicine extract, 25 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 25 parts of sodium chloride, 120 parts of calcium carbonate and 1100 parts of water into a fermentation culture medium, and sterilizing for 45min at 124 ℃;
(4) Fermentation: respectively streaking and transferring composite bacterial bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus mucilaginosus, nitrogen fixing rhodobacter sphaeroides, rhodobacter capsulatus and trichoderma harzianum to a flat plate, culturing single bacterial colonies, respectively transferring the single bacterial colonies to a liquid seed culture medium for culturing until the logarithmic phase to obtain composite bacterial liquid seeds, and then, according to the weight ratio of the composite bacterial liquid seeds to the fermentation culture medium of 10:100 inoculating composite strain liquid seeds into a fermentation medium, and fermenting in a 100L fermentation tank at 37 ℃ for 48 hours to obtain a Chinese herbal medicine extract fermentation liquor, wherein the mass ratio of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, paenibacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus mucilaginosus, rhodobacter azotemozolomi, rhodobacter capsulatus and trichoderma harzianum in the composite strain liquid seeds is 14:12:12:10:8:8:4;
(5) Adding water into 15 parts of gamma-aminobutyric acid and 3 parts of trace elements by weight to dissolve to obtain a dissolving solution, wherein the trace elements comprise 40 parts of ammonium phosphate, 20 parts of boric acid, 20 parts of zinc sulfate and 20 parts of magnesium sulfate;
(6) Mixing 2 parts by weight of a dissolving solution with 1200 parts by weight of a Chinese herbal medicine extract fermentation liquor to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine bacterial fertilizer.
Example 4
The Chinese herbal medicine bacterial manure is prepared according to the formula and the method of the example 1, and the gamma-aminobutyric acid is removed, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) Weighing the following Chinese herbal medicine components in parts by weight: 11 parts of coptis chinensis, 10 parts of phellodendron bark, 6 parts of radix stemonae, 8 parts of fructus forsythiae, 5 parts of chrysanthemum and 6 parts of radix isatidis;
(2) Extraction: pulverizing the weighed Chinese herbal medicine components in a pulverizer to obtain pulverized materials, placing the pulverized materials in an extractor, performing ultrasonic low-temperature countercurrent extraction with water at 30 ℃, separating upper layer liquid from lower layer sediment after extraction is completed, and taking the upper layer liquid to obtain Chinese herbal medicine extract;
(3) Preparing a fermentation medium: adding 40 parts by weight of Chinese herbal medicine extract, 30 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 30 parts of sodium chloride, 100 parts of calcium carbonate and 1000 parts of water into a fermentation culture medium, and sterilizing for 30min at 124 ℃;
(4) Fermentation: respectively streaking and transferring composite bacterial bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus mucilaginosus, nitrogen fixing rhodobacter sphaeroides, rhodobacter capsulatus and trichoderma harzianum to a flat plate, culturing single bacterial colonies, respectively transferring the single bacterial colonies to a liquid seed culture medium for culturing until the logarithmic phase to obtain composite bacterial liquid seeds, and then carrying out weight ratio of the composite bacterial liquid seeds to a fermentation culture medium of 8:100 inoculating composite strain liquid seeds into a fermentation medium, and fermenting in a 100L fermentation tank at 37 ℃ for 48 hours to obtain a Chinese herbal medicine extract fermentation liquor, wherein the mass ratio of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, paenibacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus mucilaginosus, rhodobacter azotemozolomi, rhodobacter capsulatus and trichoderma harzianum in the composite strain liquid seeds is 14:12:12:10:8:8:4;
(5) Adding water into 1 part of trace elements by weight to dissolve the trace elements to obtain a solution, wherein the trace elements comprise 50 parts of ammonium phosphate, 20 parts of boric acid, 20 parts of zinc sulfate and 20 parts of magnesium sulfate;
(6) Mixing 1 part by weight of the dissolution liquid with 1000 parts by weight of the Chinese herbal medicine extract fermentation liquid to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine bacterial fertilizer.
The invention ensures that the temperature-intolerant nutritional ingredients in the Chinese herbal medicine components are not destroyed by low-temperature countercurrent extraction, and extracts the nutritional ingredients to the maximum extent, and as the Chinese herbal medicine components contain a large amount of lignin, the lignin can destroy the cell wall of the compound strain, interfere the metabolism of the compound strain, destroy the cell structure and are unfavorable for the growth of the compound strain, and after the lignin is removed by low-temperature countercurrent extraction, the content of viable bacteria in the fermentation liquor of the Chinese herbal medicine extract is high and is more than 5.0 hundred million cfu/g, thereby being favorable for better playing the role of the compound strain.
The Chinese herbal medicine components are fermented by the compound strain to produce rich protein, polysaccharide, various amino acids, mineral substances, trace elements, vitamins and organic acids, so that nutrition is provided for crop growth, and the toxicity of the Chinese herbal medicine components is reduced. The composite strains have small antagonism, and the three aspects of germ inhibition, soil fertility improvement and crop immunity improvement are cooperated to play roles, so that the microbial zone system is favorably regulated, the soil hardening problem is obviously improved, the stress resistance and the antibacterial property of crops are enhanced, and the crop yield and the crop quality are improved. The specific bacillus subtilis and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens effectively inhibit various germs such as fungi, bacteria and the like in soil, and inhibit and reduce the occurrence of crop soil-borne diseases; the bacillus megatherium decomposes organophosphorus pesticides in soil, reduces heavy metal pollution, can more effectively promote the supply of phosphorus elements and potassium elements in the soil together with bacillus mucilaginosus, and improves the yield of crops; the rhodobacter azotoxeransis can carry out biological nitrogen fixation, and the soil fertility is improved; the rhodobacter capsulatus has strong nitrogen fixation and carbon fixation effects, provides more inorganic matters for crops, protects and strengthens root systems of trichoderma harzianum, improves soil, improves drought resistance, cold resistance and antiviral capability of crops, and has broad spectrum.
When the crop is stimulated by external environment such as temperature, pH or natural enemy, the content of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the body is increased, so that corresponding stress response is generated to resist the stimulation. The Chinese herbal medicine components and the gamma-aminobutyric acid in the crops are low in content, the crops can be helped to better adapt to external environment changes and resist insect feeding through the addition of the gamma-aminobutyric acid, the gamma-aminobutyric acid can promote growth hormone secretion and stimulate the growth of the crops, especially root growth, and experiments prove that the gamma-aminobutyric acid can adjust the soil microorganism system, improve the disease resistance of the crops and further improve the yield and quality of the crops.
The effect test is carried out on the Chinese herbal medicine bacterial fertilizer
1. Test crop tomato
2. The test method comprises the following steps:
2.1 soil in test area: selecting land with flat land form and uniform fertility, wherein the land form contains 3.8g/kg of organic matters, 45mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus, 172mg/kg of quick-acting potassium, 0.684mg/kg of total cadmium, 22.7mg/kg of total lead and pH value of 8.3.
The random block arrangement is adopted, 3 repeats are arranged in the test, 6 treatments are carried out, the area of each cell is 25m 3, a comparison test is carried out, ditching and isolation are carried out between treatments, and enough protection rows are reserved around the test field.
Treatment 1: the Chinese herbal medicine bacterial manure of the example 1;
treatment 2:50% of the Chinese herbal medicine bacterial fertilizer of the example 1 plus 50% of conventional fertilization;
Treatment 3: the herbal bacterial manure of example 4;
treatment 4: example 1+50% conventional fertilization with 50% no viable bacteria matrix, example 1 without viable bacteria matrix means sterilizing the Chinese herbal medicine bacterial fertilizer of example 1;
treatment 5: conventional fertilization;
Treatment 6: blank control.
2.2 Fertilization time and method: fertilizing is started after field planting for 15 days, and then fertilizing is performed once every 15 days, and the total fertilization is performed three times, and the fertilizer is diluted by 200-300 times before application;
The fertilization results were analyzed according to the above test method from 5 aspects of tomato plant shape, yield, fruit quality, soil microbiota and soil physicochemical properties:
Analysis of tables 1-5 shows that the tomato plant shape, yield and fruit quality are obviously increased after the treatment 1 is applied, the bacterial, fungal and actinomycete contents in the soil are obviously increased, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil are obviously improved, so that the Chinese herbal medicine bacterial fertilizer disclosed by the invention can promote the growth of the tomato, improve the yield and quality of the tomato, effectively relieve soil hardening, inhibit soil borne pathogens, increase the content of microorganisms in the soil, release phosphorus and potassium elements fixed in the soil, improve the soil fertility and reduce the pollution of heavy metals in the soil.
The invention is characterized in that the Chinese herbal medicine components are extracted in a countercurrent way at low temperature before fermentation, the nutrition components of the Chinese herbal medicine components are reserved to the greatest extent, the toxicity of the Chinese herbal medicine components is reduced by fermentation, rich nutrition components which are easy to absorb are generated, lignin in the Chinese herbal medicine components is removed by the countercurrent extraction at low temperature, so that the number of viable bacteria in the fermentation liquor of the Chinese herbal medicine extract is increased, the number of viable bacteria of the Chinese herbal medicine bacterial manure is more than 5.0 hundred million cfu/g, the phosphorus element and the potassium element fixed in the soil are released by the compound bacteria, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is regulated, the soil fertility is improved, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, the microorganism content in the soil can be regulated by the compound bacteria, the soil hardening problem is improved, the tomato immunity is improved, the effect of the compound bacteria is enhanced by the high number of viable bacteria, the growth of tomatoes is promoted in a comprehensive way, and the yield and quality of the tomatoes are improved.
Analysis of Table 1-3 shows that the tomato plant height is increased by 8.7%, tomato yield is increased by 6% and single fruit weight is increased by 6.1% and VC content is increased by 10.7% after treatment 1 is applied, compared with treatment 3 without gamma-aminobutyric acid, which shows that the invention can promote tomato growth, increase tomato yield and VC content to improve quality after gamma-aminobutyric acid is added. The method is characterized in that the gamma-aminobutyric acid can improve stress resistance of tomatoes, so that the tomatoes can adapt to changes of external temperature and pH, insects are resisted to eat the tomatoes, the content of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in soil is increased after the treatment 1 is applied, and the content of organic matters in the soil is increased, so that the method is capable of adjusting the content of microorganisms in the soil, improving soil hardening and improving tomato immunity.
According to analysis on tables 1,2, 4 and 5, compared with treatment 4, after treatment 2 is applied, the chlorophyll SPAD value of the plant is increased by 15.8%, the tomato yield is increased by 4.9%, the bacterial content in the soil is increased by 22%, and the fungal content is increased by 6.7%, which shows that the composite strain of the invention has synergistic effect, effectively reduces occurrence of soil-borne diseases, improves tomato immunity, and makes the plant healthier, and the viable count of the invention is more than 5.0 hundred million cfu/g, so that the beneficial microorganism content in the Chinese herbal medicine bacterial fertilizer of the invention is increased, the microorganism content in the soil is increased, the soil hardening is improved, and the tomato growth is promoted, the organic matter content in the soil is increased by 4.8%, the quick-acting phosphorus content is increased by 8.7%, the quick-acting potassium content is increased by 4.8%, the total cadmium content is reduced by 11.6%, and the total lead content is reduced by 10.2%, because after the viable count is increased, the composite strain of the invention can better regulate physicochemical properties of the soil, release phosphorus elements and potassium elements which cannot be absorbed in the soil, improve the soil pollution by heavy metals, and improve the quality of the soil, and the final yield and the tomato quality are improved.
Compared with treatment 5, the tomato plant height, yield, single fruit weight and bacterial content in soil are all increased after treatment 4 is applied, which shows that the Chinese herbal medicine component and gamma-aminobutyric acid have synergistic effect, and can promote the growth of tomatoes, increase the yield of tomatoes and adjust the microbial system in the soil in the absence of viable bacteria.
TABLE 1 tomato plant shape
Table 2 district tomato yield
TABLE 3 tomato fruit quality
TABLE 4 tomato soil microflora
Table 5 physical and chemical Properties of soil after test
The data in tables 1-5 are all the average of three runs.
It should be understood that these examples are for the purpose of illustrating the application only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application. Furthermore, it is to be understood that various changes, modifications and/or variations may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the technical content of the present application, and that all such equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the present application as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The method for preparing the bacterial manure by fermenting the Chinese herbal medicines is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Weighing the following Chinese herbal medicine components in parts by weight: 8-15 parts of coptis chinensis, 8-15 parts of phellodendron, 4-10 parts of radix stemonae, 4-12 parts of fructus forsythiae, 2-10 parts of chrysanthemum and 2-12 parts of radix isatidis;
(2) Extraction: performing low-temperature countercurrent extraction on the Chinese herbal medicine components to obtain a Chinese herbal medicine extract;
(3) Preparing a fermentation medium: adding 15-50 parts by weight of Chinese herbal medicine extract, 20-50 parts by weight of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 20-50 parts by weight of sodium chloride, 80-130 parts by weight of calcium carbonate and 800-1500 parts by weight of water into a fermentation culture medium, and sterilizing;
(4) Fermentation: respectively streaking and transferring the composite strain to a flat plate, culturing single bacterial colonies, respectively transferring to a liquid seed culture medium, culturing to a logarithmic phase to obtain composite strain liquid seeds, and then, according to the weight ratio of the composite strain liquid seeds to the fermentation culture medium of 6-10:100 inoculating the composite strain liquid seeds into a fermentation medium, and fermenting for 24-48 hours at 33-39 ℃ to obtain Chinese herbal medicine extract fermentation liquor;
(5) Mixing 5-15 parts by weight of amino acid with 1-3 parts by weight of trace elements, and adding water to dissolve the mixture to obtain a solution;
(6) Mixing 1-5 parts by weight of a dissolving solution with 400-1200 parts by weight of a Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution fermentation liquor to obtain a Chinese herbal medicine bacterial fertilizer;
The compound bacterial comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus mucilaginosus, rhodobacter azotemlobus, rhodobacter capsulatus and trichoderma harzianum;
The mass ratio of bacillus subtilis to bacillus megaterium to bacillus amyloliquefaciens to rhodobacter sphaeroides to rhodobacter azotemlobus to rhodobacter capsulatus to trichoderma harzianum in the composite strain liquid seed is 10-16:8-14:8-14:8-14:6-12:6-12:2-8.
2. The method for preparing bacterial manure by fermenting Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1, wherein the following Chinese herbal medicine components in parts by weight are weighed in the step (1): 8-12 parts of coptis chinensis, 9-12 parts of phellodendron, 4-8 parts of radix stemonae, 5-10 parts of fructus forsythiae, 3-8 parts of chrysanthemum and 4-8 parts of radix isatidis.
3. The method for preparing bacterial manure by fermenting Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine extract in the step (2) is prepared by the following steps:
s1, putting the weighed Chinese herbal medicine components into a pulverizer to pulverize, so as to obtain pulverized materials;
S2, placing the crushed materials into an extraction instrument, performing ultrasonic low-temperature countercurrent extraction by using water, and controlling the temperature between 25 and 45 ℃;
And S3, separating the upper layer liquid from the lower layer sediment after the extraction is finished, and taking the upper layer liquid to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine extract.
4. The method for preparing bacterial manure by fermenting Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation medium in the step (3) is prepared by: adding 20-40 parts by weight of Chinese herbal medicine extract, 20-40 parts by weight of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 20-40 parts by weight of sodium chloride, 80-120 parts by weight of calcium carbonate and 800-1200 parts by weight of water into a fermentation culture medium, and sterilizing.
5. The method for preparing bacterial manure by Chinese herbal medicine fermentation according to claim 1, wherein the number of viable bacteria in the fermentation liquid of the Chinese herbal medicine extract in the step (4) is more than 5.0 hundred million cfu/g.
6. The method for preparing bacterial manure by fermenting Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1, wherein the amino acid in the step (5) is gamma-aminobutyric acid.
7. The method for preparing bacterial manure by fermenting Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1, wherein the microelements in the step (5) comprise 40-60 parts by weight of ammonium phosphate, 10-20 parts by weight of boric acid, 10-20 parts by weight of zinc sulfate and 10-20 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate.
8. The method for preparing bacterial manure by Chinese herbal medicine fermentation according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), 1-3 parts by weight of a dissolving solution and 800-1200 parts by weight of a Chinese herbal medicine extract fermentation broth are mixed to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine bacterial manure.
9. The method for preparing bacterial manure by Chinese herbal medicine fermentation according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus mucilaginosus, rhodobacter azotoxens, rhodobacter capsulatus and trichoderma harzianum in the composite bacterial liquid seeds is (12-15): 10-13:10-13:8-11:6-9:6-9:3-6.
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