CN117860678B - 一种治疗酒精性脂肪肝的药物组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗酒精性脂肪肝的药物组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗酒精性脂肪肝的药物及其制备方法,将对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯和纳米酶包裹于脂质体中,形成一种复合材料Nano&EMC&lip,靶向递送至肝脏,从而对酒精性脂肪肝进行精准治疗,提高生物利用度,这为酒精性脂肪肝的治疗提供了一种新的策略。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医药领域,具体涉及食源性天然产物在制备治疗酒精性脂肪肝中的应用。
背景技术
酒精性脂肪肝病(Alcoholic fatty liver disease,ALD)是指由于长时间大剂量摄入酒精而发生的肝损害性疾病,当饮酒导致肝内脂肪含量超过肝脏总质量的5%时,即被诊断为酒精性脂肪肝。现有研究表明,95%以上的慢性饮酒者均患有酒精性脂肪肝,其为临床上最常见酒精性肝病之一。近年来,随着人们生活水平的提高以及生活方式的改变,我国酒精性肝病发病率逐年增长。目前,对于了解ALD的发病机制方面已经取得重大进展,例如,长时间乙醇处理会导致细胞内的溶酶体数量减少或溶酶体结构破坏;酒精性饮食会损害TFEB介导的溶酶体生物发生,肝脏中TFEB的过低表达可加重小鼠的酒精性肝损伤。但是,对于ALD的治疗,目前还没有成功的方法,临床上也没有特定的针对ALD的药物,其治疗手段常与其他类型的肝病类似。通常情况下,酒精性脂肪肝的治疗多以戒酒、合理饮食为前提,临床配合口服多烯磷脂酰胆碱(PPC)、水飞蓟素(silymarin)等抗氧化药物及普伐他汀、辛伐他汀、氟伐他汀等降血脂药物,但这并不能达到根治的效果,而且使用过程中会产生腹部不适、过敏等副作用。因此,亟需开发健康安全有效的ALD治疗药物。
食源性天然产物因其表现出多种生理功能,且具有低毒副作用、多途径、多靶点作用优势而备受关注。多种天然产物已被开发为功能食品,用于辅助药物治疗疾病或预防慢性疾病。根据现有研究,多种食源性天然产物对ALD都具有防护作用,其主要生物活性成分为黄酮类、多酚类、皂苷类、多糖类、萜类化合物和生物碱等。虽然在食源性天然产物防护酒精肝损伤的研究方面取得了一定的进展,但仍存在一些问题:1)部分研究仅以肝脏指数、生化指标及肝脏组织切片作为天然产物具有保肝作用的依据,缺乏关键酶、基因水平的检测和相关调控信号通路的研究,对天然产物保肝作用的机制认识欠缺;2)大部分研究着重于单一天然产物对酒精性肝损伤的防护作用,对于复配天然产物的保肝作用鲜有报道;3)大多数天然产物,比如槲皮素、水飞蓟宾等,存在水溶性差和生物利用度低的缺点,使其活性成分经口腔、胃、肠消化后被小肠上皮细胞吸收进入人体循环的程度低,不能正常发挥疗效,致使给药剂量不断加大,给机体胃肠道等器官增加不必要的损害,直接造成药物开发失败。
为了解决生物利用度低的问题,各种新型的药物递送系统相继出现,包括环糊精、脂质体、纳米粒、微乳、聚合物纳米颗粒等。药物递送系统是指将药物通过载体或者递送方式,将药物定向地递送到靶标细胞或组织,并能够释放药物,提高药效,减少不良反应。因此,通过药物递送系统将药物靶向递送至肝脏,治疗ALD,其不仅减少全身副作用,而且可通过增加“有效剂量”来提高作用于肝脏的药物的功效。
此外,纳米酶是具有酶催化活性的纳米材料,对比天然酶,纳米酶具有价格便宜、制备工艺简单、稳定性好、循环利用率高等优势。早期的纳米酶研究主要集中在检测方面,包括检测离子、小分子、核酸、蛋白质、癌细胞等,随着对纳米酶的深入了解,研究人员发现纳米酶在细菌感染、炎症、癌症、神经退行性疾病等疾病治疗领域也具有巨大的应用前景。但是,目前尚未见将天然产物和纳米酶协同治疗ALD的报道。
发明内容
为提供一种治疗酒精性脂肪肝的药物和方法,本申请提供如下的技术方案:
本发明的第一个方面是提供一种治疗酒精性脂肪肝的药物组合物,所述的药物组合物是由包含对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯、纳米酶以及脂质体组成的复合物。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述的纳米酶为DMSN@Pt纳米酶。
在一个具体的实施方式中,所述的脂质体为DOPC、DOPE和卵磷脂中的一种或多种;优选的,所述的脂质体为DOPC。
在一个优选的实施方式中,所述的纳米酶制备方法为:将50~70mg介孔硅溶于80~100 mL无水甲醇中,然后加入5~15 mL溶有10~30mg六水合氯铂酸(H2PtCl6•6H2O)的去离子水溶液,充分混合,于55~75℃,转速300~500下磁力搅拌反应2~5 h,反应结束后,将反应液旋蒸除去多余甲醇和水溶液,之后用无水甲醇收集剩余物,收集到离心管,加入和甲醇等量的氯仿和3~5倍的正己烷,多次洗涤至中性后放入真空干燥箱干燥,得到DMSN@Pt纳米酶。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述药物组合物中,所述的对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯的有效作用浓度为25~100μg/mL;对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯的有有效作用浓度为50μg/mL。
本发明第二个方面是提供第一方面所述的组合物的制备方法;具体的,所述的方法为:采用乙醇注射技术制备该组合物,所述的方法步骤包括:
1)将对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯和脂质体溶于无水乙醇中,作为脂质相;
2)在水浴条件下,将吐温-80和PEG-2000溶于20 mL磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS),作为水相;
3)将脂相缓慢滴入水相,在滴入的过程中不断搅拌,持续1~3小时,使残余乙醇蒸发,得到负载药物的脂质体溶液;
4)向其加入纳米酶,超声处理,使纳米酶进入脂质体;
5),将溶液在37℃的培养箱中培养24 h,得到该药物组合物Nano&EMC&lip,保存于4℃。
在优选实施例中,所述的步骤1)中对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯、脂质体、遗传的添加比例为1~3mg:90~110mg:9~12mL;优选的,上述比例为2mg:100mg:10mL。
在另外一个优选的实施例中,所述的步骤2)中,吐温-80、PEG-2000以及PBS的配制比例为10~30mL:5~15mg:10~30mL,其中PBS为 pH 6.5, 0.01 M的磷酸盐缓冲液,所述的水浴条件为40~50℃;优选的,上述的配制比例为20mL:10mg:20mL。
在另外一个具体的实施例中,其中步骤4)中,加入的纳米酶为DMSN@Pt,添加量为1~3mg,超声处理10~20min;优选的,纳米酶添加量为2mg,超声处理15min。
在另外一个具体的实施例中,其中步骤5)中,所述的培养箱温度为35~40℃,培养时间为12~48h;优选的,培养箱温度为37℃,培养时间为24h。
本发明的第三个方面是提供对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯在制备治疗脂肪肝的药物中的用途;其特征在于,所述的药物为药物组合物,所述的药物组合物包括了纳米酶和脂质体;优选的,所述的纳米酶为DMSN@Pt;所述的脂质体为DOPC、DOPE和卵磷脂中的一种或多种;优选的,所述的脂质体为DOPC。
在另外一个具体的实施方式中,所述的药物组合物中,所述的对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯的有效作用浓度为25~100 μg/mL;优选的,对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯的最佳作用浓度为50 μg/mL。在另外一个具体的实施例中,所述的脂肪肝为酒精性脂肪肝。
本发明的第四个方面是提供第一方面所述的药物组合物或者第二方面所述的制备方法在制备治疗脂肪肝的药物中的用途。在一个具体的实施例中,所述的脂肪肝为酒精性脂肪肝。
本发明的有益效果包括了:
1)本技术基于乙醇诱导的细胞受损模型,以改善细胞TFEB的表达水平为指标,筛选出一种可高效缓解小鼠急性酒精性脂肪肝的食源性天然产物对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯。
2)对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯可与纳米酶协同治疗酒精性脂肪肝,其治疗效果较单一的对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯药物和纳米酶更好。
3)本技术提出将对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯和纳米酶包裹于脂质体中,形成一种复合材料Nano&EMC&lip,靶向递送至肝脏,从而对酒精性脂肪肝进行精准治疗,提高生物利用度,这为酒精性脂肪肝的治疗提供了一种新的策略。
4)本技术阐明了上述复合材料Nano&EMC&lip治疗酒精性脂肪肝的分子机制:1)Nano&EMC&lip可靶向进入肝脏细胞,定位于溶酶体,促进TFEB蛋白的去磷酸化,提高核内TFEB蛋白的水平,从而促进溶酶体生物合成及修复;2)Nano&EMC&lip还可调节肝脏炎症信号通路IL-6-JAK/STAT3,其通过降低促炎细胞因子IL-6的水平和抑制STAT3的磷酸化来减轻酒精性脂肪肝炎症。
附图说明
图1药物筛选结果:A:乙醇会降低细胞内TFEB的表达量,大黄素、罗汉果苷和苦瓜多糖,对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯(EMC)可将细胞总TFEB的表达量恢复至对照水平;B:EMC恢复模型细胞TFEB表达量最佳作用剂量为50 μg/mL;C:EMC可显著提高细胞总TFEB的水平;D: EMC可显著提高核内TFEB的水平; E:乙醇处理会显著增加细胞内pho-TFEB占总TFEB的比例,F:EMC处理,其pho-TFEB占总TFEB的比例显著降低; G、H:DOPC靶向肝脏能力最强;I:复合材料Nano&EMC&lip结构示意图。
图2 EMC可显著改善细胞内溶酶体的数量。
图3 A,B: Nano&EMC&lip与溶酶体在细胞中共定位的比例,24 h的占比超过60%;C,D: Nano&EMC&lip处理提高核内TFEB的表达水平;E,F: Nano&EMC&lip尾静脉注射小鼠肝脏24 h后,其在小鼠肝脏中的荧光强度。
图4 Nano&EMC&lip处理酒精性脂肪肝小鼠后结果,其可显著增加小鼠体重(图4A),并显著降低肝脏重量(图4B)以及肝脏与体重的比例(图4C);Nano&EMC&lip可显著降低血清AST(图4D)、ALT(图4E)、TC(图4G)和TG(图4I)水平,降低肝脏TC(图4F)和TG(图4H)水平,降低肝脏病理损伤(图4J、图4K)和肝脏脂滴积累(图4M、L)。
图5 A : TNF-α基因表达; B : IFN-γ基因表达,C:血清IL-6的基因表达, D,E:STAT3的磷酸化水平。
图6 A: Nano&EMC&lip提高小鼠肝脏细胞PGC1α和ATP6V1H等线粒体相关基因和CTSF、McolN1、HEXA、LAMP2和TFEB等溶酶体相关的生物合成基因的表达水平;B: Nano&EMC&lip提高肝细胞TFEB蛋白的表达水平;C: Nano&EMC&lip提高肝细胞中溶酶体标志蛋白lamp2的表达水平;D,E:提高肝细胞中溶酶体的数量。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式和技术方案作进一步的详述,需明确:本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明。本发明的方法及应用已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述,相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的方法和应用进行改动或适当变更与组合,来实现和应用本发明技术。
面通过具体实施例对本发明进行说明,但本发明并不局限于此。
所有脂质体均购买于上海芃硕生物科技有限公司(简称 芃硕生物 Ponsurebiological):
1、DOPC(1,2-二油酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱),商品型号:PS-C4,英文简称:1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine,分子量:786.113。
2、DOPE(1,2-二油酰基-sn-丙三基-3-磷脂酰乙醇胺),商品型号:PS-E4,英文简称:1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine,分子量:744.034。
3、卵磷脂(lecithin),(1-棕榈酰基-2-油酰基卵磷脂),商品型号:PS-C5,英文简称:1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine,分子量:760.076。
4、纳米酶DMSN@Pt的制备:将60 mg介孔硅溶于90 mL无水甲醇中,然后加入10 mL溶有20 mg六水合氯铂酸(H2PtCl6•6H2O)的去离子水溶液,充分混合,于70℃,转速400 rpm下磁力搅拌反应3 h,反应结束后,将反应液旋蒸除去多余甲醇和水溶液,之后用无水甲醇收集剩余物,收集到离心管,加入和甲醇等量的氯仿和5倍的正己烷,多次洗涤至中性后放入真空干燥箱干燥,得到DMSN@Pt纳米酶。
实施例1 基于细胞模型进行药物筛选
1、细胞培养
将人正常肝细胞LO-2细胞解冻复苏后,培养在含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中,置于37℃,含5% CO2的培养箱,待细胞增殖至75%~85%时,常规消化、传代和冻存。
2、基于TFEB表达量进行药物筛选
将大黄素、罗汉果苷、苦瓜多糖和对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯((E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate,EMC)作为候选药物,分别配制成50 mg L-1的浓度。将LO-2细胞分为正常组、模型组和实验组。正常组细胞使用完全培养基培养;模型组细胞使用含有5%乙醇培养基进行造模培养;实验组细胞中加入5%乙醇进行培养,加入浓度为50 mg L-1的药物进行干预。
药物干预24 h后,收集所有细胞,加入200 μL的1×loading buffer裂解变性,在100 ℃金属浴中煮10 分钟,保存于-20℃。然后,取一定体积的样本进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,转膜,5%脱脂牛奶封闭60 min,PBST洗膜,4℃过夜孵育一抗,PBST洗膜3次、室温孵育二抗1小时、PBST洗膜3次,最后滴加新鲜配制的发光液(A:B=1:1)到膜的蛋白面侧,于暗室中曝光。根据不同的光强度调整曝光条件,进行显影和定影。将胶片进行扫描存档,进行后续分析。
结果如图1A所示,乙醇会降低细胞内TFEB的表达量,且相较于大黄素、罗汉果苷和苦瓜多糖,对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯可将细胞总TFEB的表达量恢复至对照水平,且其最佳作用剂量为50 μg/mL(图1B)。此外,免疫荧光结果表明,相较于乙醇处理组(EtOH),EMC可显著提高细胞总TFEB的水平以及核内TFEB的水平(图1C、图1D)。
3、对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯的生物作用
培养表达GFP-TFEB的LO2稳定细胞系细胞,首先分为未处理组和处理组。未处理组正常培养,处理组先使用含有5%(v/v)乙醇的培养基进行造模培养12 h,再加入浓度分别为0、10、25、50、100 μg/mL的药物进行12 h干预,利用western blot方法测定细胞总TFEB的表达水平,研究对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯的剂量-效应关系,选择最佳用药剂量。
使用最佳计量50 μg/mL处理暴露于乙醇下的细胞(可表达GFP-TFEB的LO2细胞),使用western blot测定GFP-TFEB和pho-TFEB的水平,计算细胞内磷酸化TFEB的比例,分析药物对TFEB的去磷酸的作用。
培养表达GFP-TFEB的LO2稳定细胞系细胞,将其接种到细胞爬片上,黏附和生长24小时。然后将其分为4组,分别为未处理组、对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯组、乙醇组、对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯+乙醇组。其中,未处理组正常培养,对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯组加入50 μg/mL的对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯,乙醇组使用含有5%(v/v)乙醇的培养基进行造模培养,对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯+乙醇组先使用5%(v/v)乙醇造模12 h后,再加入浓度为50 μg/mL的药物进行12 h干预。所有组细胞培养24 h后,用冷磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)洗涤细胞,并在4%多聚甲醛中固定10分钟。固定后,爬片在含有5%牛血清白蛋白(BSA) (Sigma-Aldrich, A7030)的PBS中孵育1小时,以阻断非特异性抗体结合位点。阻断后,用抗GFP的一抗在4℃下孵育过夜。一抗结合后,使用PBS洗涤三次,并与荧光基团偶联的二抗孵育1小时,使抗原可见。再用PBS洗涤三次以去除多余的二抗后,使用ProLong™ Gold 抗淬灭封片剂将细胞贴载到载玻片上。然后在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下观察制备的载玻片,以评估对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯对核内TFEB水平的影响。
结果如图1中所示,具体的,如图1E、1F,相较于对照组(CON),乙醇处理会显著增加细胞内pho-TFEB(磷酸化TFEB的水平)占总TFEB的比例,而在EMC处理暴露于乙醇的细胞后,其pho-TFEB占总TFEB的比例显著降低。总之,50 μg/mL对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯可显著提高细胞内总TFEB和核内TFEB的水平,显著减少细胞内磷酸化的TFEB,促进TFEB入核,修复乙醇诱导的细胞溶酶体损伤。
4、基于活体成像技术筛选肝脏靶向能力最强的脂质体
将DOPC、DOPE和卵磷脂这三种脂质体分别以2 mg/ml浓度尾静脉注射100 μL进入裸鼠,给药后24 h将裸鼠麻醉,在活体动物成像系统内对裸鼠进行全身扫描,检测肝脏荧光强度,并根据脂质体在裸鼠肝脏中的荧光强度,评估脂质体的靶向能力,从而筛选出肝脏靶向能力最强的脂质体。
结果如图1G和1H所示,DOPC在肝脏中的荧光强度最强,表明其靶向肝脏能力最强,因此选择DOPC作为药物靶向肝脏的载体。
5、免疫荧光分析对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯对溶酶体的影响
培养表达GFP-TFEB的LO2稳定细胞系细胞,将其接种到细胞爬片上,黏附和生长24小时。然后将其分为4组,分别为未处理组、对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯组、乙醇组、对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯+乙醇组。其中,未处理组正常培养,对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯组加入50 μg/mL的对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯,乙醇组使用含有5%(v/v)乙醇的培养基进行造模培养,对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯+乙醇组先使用5%(v/v)乙醇造模12 h后,再加入浓度为50 μg/mL的药物进行12 h干预。所有组细胞培养24 h后,用冷磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)洗涤细胞,并在4%多聚甲醛中固定10分钟。固定后,爬片在含有5%牛血清白蛋白(BSA) (Sigma-Aldrich, A7030)的PBS中孵育1小时,以阻断非特异性抗体结合位点。阻断后,用抗lamp2的一抗在4℃下孵育过夜。一抗结合后,使用PBS洗涤三次,并与荧光基团偶联的二抗孵育1小时,使抗原可见。再用PBS洗涤三次以去除多余的二抗后,使用ProLong™ Gold 抗淬灭封片剂将细胞贴载到载玻片上。然后在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下观察制备的载玻片,以评估对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯对受损溶酶体的修复作用。
结果如图2所示,EMC可显著改善细胞内溶酶体的数量(图2)。
实施例2、免疫荧光分析复合材料的细胞定位
1)制备EMC+脂质体+纳米酶的复合结构
首先,将2 mg对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯和100 mg DOPC溶于10 mL无水乙醇中,作为脂质相。
其次,在45℃条件下水浴,将吐温-80(20ml)和PEG-2000(10 mg)溶于20 mL磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS, pH 6.5, 0.01 M),作为水相。
第三,将脂质相缓慢滴入水相,在滴入的过程中不断搅拌,持续1小时,使残余乙醇蒸发,得到负载药物的脂质体溶液。
第四,向其加入2 mg纳米酶DMSN@Pt,超声处理15 min,使纳米酶进入脂质体。
最后,将溶液在37℃的培养箱中培养24 h,得到该药物组合物Nano&EMC&lip,其结构如图1I所示,在脂质体双分子层装载药物,囊泡中包载纳米酶,形成一种复合材料Nano&EMC&lip。
2)体外免疫荧光检测
将表达GFP-TFEB的LO2稳定细胞系细胞接种到细胞爬片上,并在处理前使其粘附和生长24小时。然后将细胞暴露于50 μg/ml的复合材料Nano&EMC&lip中,培养8、12或24小时。然后使用冷磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)洗涤细胞,并在4%多聚甲醛中固定10分钟。固定后,爬片在含有5%牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的PBS中孵育1小时,以阻断非特异性抗体结合位点。阻断步骤之后,用抗lamp2的一抗在4°C下孵育过夜。一抗结合后,用PBS洗涤三次,并与荧光基团偶联的二抗孵育1小时,使抗原可见。再用PBS洗涤三次以去除多余的二抗后,使用ProLong™Gold 抗淬灭封片剂将细胞贴载到载玻片上。然后在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下观察制备的载玻片,以评估Nano&EMC&lip(罗丹明标记)复合材料与LAMP2在细胞中的定位。
结果如图3所示,具体的:在复合材料Nano&EMC&lip的处理下,随着处理时间的增加,Nano&EMC&lip与溶酶体在细胞中共定位的比例逐渐增加,24 h的占比超过60%(图3A、3B)。并且,在复合材料的处理下,暴露于乙醇的细胞的核内TFEB的表达水平得到显著增加(图3C、图3D)。
实施例3 基于动物试验探究药物缓解作用
1、动物试验设计
治疗组:购买8周龄的雄性Balb/c小鼠,饲喂普通饲料,可自由进食和饮水,进行5day的适应期。然后,小鼠被随机分为2组,分别设为对照组和模型组,其中模型组饲喂酒精性液体饲料,对照组饲喂液体对照饲料,持续处理14 day。然后,对照组小鼠尾静脉注射生理盐水,模型组小鼠尾静脉分别注射生理盐水(CON)、对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯+脂质体(EMC)、纳米酶+脂质体(Nano)、对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯+脂质体+纳米酶(Nano&EMC),每种处理为一组,每组4只小鼠,各组注射浓度均为2 mg/mL,注射剂量均为100 μL,所有组均饲喂液体对照饲料,试验持续14 day。
预防组:购买8周龄的雄性Balb/c小鼠,饲喂普通饲料,可自由进食和饮水,进行5day的适应期。然后,小鼠被随机分为2组,分别设为对照组和模型组,其中对照组饲喂液体对照饲料,尾静脉注射生理盐水;模型组饲喂液体对照饲料,尾静脉分别注射生理盐水(CON)、对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯+脂质体(EMC)、纳米酶+脂质体(Nano)、对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯+脂质体+纳米酶(Nano+EMC),每种处理为一组,每组4只小鼠,各组注射浓度均为2 mg/mL,注射剂量均为100 μL,试验持续14 day。然后,对照组小鼠继续饲喂液体对照饲料,模型组所有小鼠均饲喂酒精性饲料,试验持续14 day。
2、样本采集
实验期间每天记录各组小鼠的体重和食物摄入量,并观察小鼠的生长状况。试验结束后,小鼠禁食12 h,麻醉后称重并拍照,从眼眶处采集血液约500 μL-1 mL,转移到抗凝管中。随后处死小鼠并解剖。采集完整的肝脏,放入1×PBS中冲洗,滤纸拭干后称重并拍照,计算肝脏指数(肝脏重量/体重)。取肝脏小叶1 cm×1 cm(各组小鼠相同肝脏部位)于4%细胞组织固定液中固定,用于进一步组织病理学分析。剩余部分肝脏剪成小块分装在冻存管中。放置于冻存管中的小鼠组织样本立即在液氮中冷冻,并保存在−80°C下,以备进一步分析。
3、 试验方法
(1)肝脏组织染色
新鲜肝脏在4%的组织固定液中固定过夜,依次用乙醇(50%,75%和95%)梯度脱水并进行石蜡包埋,组织切片脱蜡水化后用苏木精和伊红(H&E)染色,使用光学显微镜捕获图像并进行形态学检查。采用油红O染色法测定肝脏脂质积累程度。新鲜肝脏在4%的组织固定液中固定过夜,依次用蔗糖(10%、20%、30%)梯度脱水并用包埋剂包埋组织,转移到液氮中快速冷冻,用冷冻切片机切成切片,-80℃保存至染色。染色前,冷冻切片室温解冻20 min,用蒸馏水漂洗去除包埋剂,用60%异丙醇溶液洗涤,油红O染色5 min,用蒸馏水洗涤3次后用苏木精染色。使用光学显微镜捕获图像并进行形态学检查。
(2)肝功能指标测定
收集小鼠的血液样本到抗凝管中,在4℃下静置4 h,在4℃条件下1000g离心15min,取上层血清分装后保存在-20℃下。取肝脏组织准确称重50 mg于500 μL PBS中,在冰水浴条件下制备10%组织匀浆液(w/v),在4℃条件下2500 rpm离心10 min,取上清液分装后保存在-20°C下,以备进一步分析。使用市售试剂盒测定血清天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)活力。
(3)甘油三酯及总胆固醇测定
使用甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)测定试剂盒,检测血清和肝脏匀浆液中的相应含量。
(4)NAS评分
对肝脏的肝细胞脂肪变性、肝小叶炎症和肝细胞气球样变这三个病理特征进行组织病理学评估,并基于NAS标准得出综合评分,从而定量评估酒精性脂肪肝的损伤程度。在NAS评分系统中,每个病理特征在0到3的范围内评分,标准如下:1)脂肪变性,根据含有脂肪滴的肝细胞的百分比进行评估,评分为0(<5%),1(5%-33%),2(>33%-66%)和3(>66%);2)肝小叶炎症,根据每200×视野炎性灶的数量进行评估,评分为0(无炎性灶)、1(<2个炎性灶)、2(2-4个炎性灶)和3(>4个炎性灶);3)肝细胞气球样变,根据肝细胞气球样变的数量和程度进行评估,评分为0(无)、1(气球样变细胞少)、2(气球样变细胞多/气球样变突出)和3(气球样变涉及大部分小叶)。
(5)肝脏中相关基因表达水平分析
按照RNA提取的方案,使用TRIzol试剂从肝组织中提取总RNA。实验过程中使用无RNase酶的枪头与管材。肝脏样品用少量液氮研磨成粉末后,用TRIzol重悬充分裂解,然后加入氯仿,剧烈振荡,形成乳浊液。溶液在室温下静置3 min,4℃条件下12000 g离心15min。转移上层水相至新的离心管中,用等体积的异丙醇轻柔上下颠倒混合,在室温下静置10min,随后离心形成胶状沉淀物。弃上清,用75%乙醇清洗RNA三次,室温风干去除残留的溶剂,用适量无酶无菌水重新溶解。用NanoDrop One检测得到的总RNA的浓度和纯度。提取的RNA分装后储存在-80℃。使用含有反应缓冲液、引物和逆转录酶的逆转录试剂盒SweScriptAll-in-One RT SuperMix,将提取的RNA用PCR扩增仪逆转录为cDNA并去除gDNA。根据试剂盒2×SYBR Green qPCR Master Mix的说明书,将cDNA、上下游引物、2×SYBR qPCR Mix和双蒸馏水混合在平底96孔板中,在Bio-Rad IQ™5系统上,对cDNA进行实时荧光定量PCR扩增。
(6)肝脏中蛋白水平分析
称取适量肝脏样品于研钵中,用少量液氮研磨成粉末后,转移至EP管中,加入适量RIPA裂解液,于摇床4℃ 裂解1 h,然后在4℃ 、12000 rpm/min的条件下离心5 min,收集上清液,即为总蛋白溶液,向其加入一定量的4×loading buffer,混匀,在100 ℃ 金属浴中煮10 分钟,保存于-20℃ 。然后,取一定体积的样本进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,转膜,5%脱脂牛奶封闭60 min,PBST洗膜,4℃过夜孵育一抗,PBST洗膜3次、室温孵育二抗1小时、PBST洗膜3次,最后滴加新鲜配制的发光液(A:B=1:1)到膜的蛋白面侧,于暗室中曝光。根据不同的光强度调整曝光条件,进行显影和定影。将胶片进行扫描存档,进行后续分析。
(7)实验结果:
1)体内成像实验:生物成像结果表明(图3E、3F),相较于单独的liposome或liposome&EMC或liposome&Nano,Nano&EMC&liposome尾静脉注射小鼠肝脏24 h后,其在小鼠肝脏中的荧光强度最大,表明EMC与纳米酶具有协同作用。即相较于单独的纳米酶或对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯,脂质体同时装载对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯和纳米酶,即复合材料Nano&EMC&lip,对酒精性脂肪肝的防治效果最好。
2)酒精性脂肪肝的治疗效果指标监测
对于复合材料的治疗效果监测结果如图4所示:
a.相较于酒精性脂肪肝(ALD)组,Nano&EMC&lip可显著增加小鼠体重(图4A),并显著降低肝脏重量(图4B)以及肝脏与体重的比例(图4C);
b.相较于酒精性脂肪肝(ALD)组,Nano&EMC&lip可显著降低血清AST(图4D)、ALT(图4E)、TC(图4G)和TG(图4I)水平,降低肝脏TC(图4F)和TG(图4H)水平,降低肝脏病理损伤(图4J、K)和肝脏脂滴积累(图4M、L),从而缓解乙醇诱导的酒精性脂肪肝相关症状。
3)复合材料Nano&EMC&lip防治小鼠酒精性脂肪肝的作用机制
a.相较于ALD组,Nano&EMC&lip可显著降低TNF-α(图5A)和IFN-γ(图5B)的基因表达水平,显著降低血清IL-6的水平(图5C),显著降低STAT3的磷酸化水平(图5D、5E),从而减轻脂肪肝炎症;
b.相较于ALD组,Nano&EMC&lip可显著提高小鼠肝脏细胞PGC1α和ATP6V1H等线粒体相关基因和CTSF、McoIN1、HEXA、LAMP2和TFEB等溶酶体相关的生物合成基因的表达水平(图6A),显著增加肝细胞TFEB蛋白的表达水平和肝细胞中溶酶体标志蛋白lamp2的表达水平(图6B、6C),提高肝细胞中溶酶体的数量(图6D、E),缓解酒精性脂肪肝症状。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种治疗酒精性脂肪肝的药物组合物,所述的药物组合物是由包含对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯、纳米酶以及脂质体组成的复合物,所述的纳米酶为DMSN@Pt纳米酶;
所述的脂质体为DOPC;
其中所述纳米酶通过如下方法制备:
将50~70mg介孔硅溶于80~100 mL无水甲醇中,然后加入5~15 mL溶有10~30mg六水合氯铂酸H2PtCl6•6H2O的去离子水溶液,充分混合,于55~75℃,转速300~500rpm下磁力搅拌反应2~5 h,反应结束后,将反应液旋蒸除去多余甲醇和水溶液,之后用无水甲醇收集剩余物,收集到离心管,加入和甲醇等量的氯仿和3~5倍的正己烷,多次洗涤至中性后放入真空干燥箱干燥,得到DMSN@Pt纳米酶;
所述的复合物通过如下方法制备:
1)将对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯和脂质体溶于无水乙醇中,作为脂质相;
2)在水浴条件下,将吐温-80和PEG-2000溶于20 mL磷酸盐缓冲液PBS,作为水相;
3)将脂相缓慢滴入水相,在滴入的过程中不断搅拌,持续1~3小时,使残余乙醇蒸发,得到负载药物的脂质体溶液;
4)向其加入纳米酶,超声处理,使纳米酶进入脂质体;
5) 将溶液在37℃的培养箱中培养24 h,得到该药物组合物Nano&EMC&lip,低温保存。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物中,对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯的有效作用浓度为25~100μg/mL。
3.权利要求1或2所述的药物组合物的制备方法,所述的方法为:采用乙醇注射技术制备该组合物,所述的方法步骤包括:
1)将对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯和脂质体溶于无水乙醇中,作为脂质相;
2)在水浴条件下,将吐温-80和PEG-2000溶于20 mL磷酸盐缓冲液PBS,作为水相;
3)将脂相缓慢滴入水相,在滴入的过程中不断搅拌,持续1~3小时,使残余乙醇蒸发,得到负载药物的脂质体溶液;
4)向其加入纳米酶,超声处理,使纳米酶进入脂质体;
5) 将溶液在37℃的培养箱中培养24 h,得到该药物组合物Nano&EMC&lip,低温保存。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤1)中对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯、脂质体、无水乙醇的添加比例为1~3mg:90~110mg:9~12mL。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤2)中,吐温-80、PEG-2000以及PBS的配制比例为10~30mL:5~15mg:10~30mL,其中PBS为 pH 6.5, 0.01 M的磷酸盐缓冲液,所述的水浴条件为40~50℃。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,其中步骤5)中,所述的培养箱温度为35~40℃,培养时间为12~48h。
7.对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯在制备治疗酒精性脂肪肝的药物中的用途,其特征在于,所述的药物为药物组合物,所述的药物组合物为权利要求1或2所述的组合物。
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