CN1178577C - 用于低温场合的种子包衣组合物 - Google Patents
用于低温场合的种子包衣组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1178577C CN1178577C CNB001289845A CN00128984A CN1178577C CN 1178577 C CN1178577 C CN 1178577C CN B001289845 A CNB001289845 A CN B001289845A CN 00128984 A CN00128984 A CN 00128984A CN 1178577 C CN1178577 C CN 1178577C
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- Prior art keywords
- seed
- polymer
- coating composition
- seed coating
- copolymer
- Prior art date
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于低温场合的种子包衣组合物，所述种子包衣组合物包含至少一种Tg为-60℃至20℃的聚合物，前提是该聚合物的Tg小于或等于施用时的种子表面温度。本发明种子包衣组合物提供了一种截留活性成分的基体，并通过将活性成分保留在种子表面上一段时间而提高秧苗成活率。该种子包衣还通过减少操作者暴露和环境释放而提高使用活性成分时的安全性。此外，即使该种子包衣组合物在低于20℃的温度下施用，该种子包衣组合物也耐断裂和剥落。还有，该种子包衣组合物提高了种子尺寸和形状的均匀性，这有利于机械播种工艺。
Description
本发明涉及种子包衣组合物，其中包含至少一种Tg为-60℃至20℃的聚合物，前提是该聚合物的Tg小于或等于施用时的种子表面温度。
商业耕作依赖于使用具有优异发芽作用且非常耐土壤、空气和水生疾病的种子。通常将包含杀虫剂、杀菌剂、或其它活性成分、以及用于将活性成分固着在种子上的聚合物的种子包衣施用到种子的表面上，保护种子不受真菌感染、害虫侵害、等。
已有技术描述的聚合物有美国专利4272417中的丙烯酸系聚合物、改性聚丙烯酰胺、和乙烯基丙烯酸系乳液；美国专利3113399中的丙烯酸系树脂；美国专利3598565中的10-60百分重量(％重量)以下物质的水乳液：(i)丙烯酸(AA)或甲基丙烯酸(MAA)与低级丙烯酸酯的水溶性中和共聚物、和(ii)乙酸乙烯酯与低级烷基丙烯酸酯的交联共聚物；以及，美国专利4169902中的羧化亲水丙烯酸系共聚物、该共聚物羧基的交联剂、紫外线吸收剂、和动物或鸟驱散剂的混合物。美国专利5849320描述了用于种子的杀虫包衣，包含一种或多种选自聚乙酸乙烯酯、甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、偏二氯乙烯、丙烯酸系物质、纤维素、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮和多糖的聚合物和共聚物的粘合剂、以及一种杀虫剂，其中所述粘合剂形成用于杀虫剂的基体。美国专利5876739描述了用于种子的杀虫包衣，包含由聚合物或共聚物制成的粘合剂、和填料，其中所述粘合剂形成用于杀虫剂的基体且所述填料带来基本上不毒害植物的种子包衣。
用于包衣的聚合物的理想性能是：聚合物(a)在形成光滑且均匀的种子包衣时能够有效地粘附到种子表面上；(b)在高湿度时耐水合；(c)产生一种在种子装袋和播种时不会易碎的柔性包衣；(d)在处理种子时不会产生灰尘；(e)非可燃的；(f)具有一定的甘油或乙二醇溶解度，从而能够在零下温度下处理种子；(g)能够形成较低粘度的溶液；(h)在包衣过程中不会产生种子聚集体；(i)使得种子处理产量至少为100蒲式耳/小时；(j)可渗透水和氧气；和(k)如果在用种子包衣配方处理种子时或在播种已处理的种子时沉积在处理设备上，能够容易从处理设备上洗去。
种子包衣工艺的一种主要因素是将包衣施用到种子上时的温度。例如，秋天收获的种子通常在温度低的冬天月份时包衣，以备春天播种使用。在这种通常低于20℃的低温下，Tg大于20℃的聚合物往往形成容易断裂和剥落的连续膜。在装袋、运输和处理工艺过程中，特别是在低温包衣这些种子时，种子的摩擦作用使得该问题更加恶化。这些容易断裂或剥落的种子包衣失去对种子的保护并产生灰尘。此外，由于种子包衣组合物中的许多活性成分往往对人和环境有害，包衣种子在处理和播种时的“起尘”特别需要避免。
开发出这样一种种子包衣组合物是有利的，当该种子包衣组合物在低于20℃的温度下施用时，它与种子的粘附性强，并在种子上产生即使在处理和运输该种子的过程中也耐断裂和剥落的均匀包衣。
本发明提供了一种用于低温场合的种子包衣组合物，所述种子包衣组合物包含至少一种Tg为-60℃至20℃的聚合物。
按照另一方面，本发明提供了一种包有种子包衣组合物的种子，所述种子包衣组合物包含至少一种Tg为-60℃至20℃的聚合物，前提是该聚合物的Tg小于或等于施用时的种子表面温度。
按照另一方面，本发明提供了一种制备包衣种子的方法，包括：a)将至少一种活性成分与至少一种Tg为-60℃至20℃的聚合物进行混合；b)将该混合物施用到种子上，其中所述聚合物的Tg小于或等于种子表面温度；然后c)让该混合物在所述种子上干燥。
按照另一方面，本发明提供了一种保护作物的成长秧苗的方法，包括，将包含至少一种活性成分和至少一种Tg为-60℃至20℃的聚合物的种子包衣组合物施用到作物的种子上，前提是该聚合物的Tg小于或等于施用时的种子表面温度。
本发明的种子包衣组合物提供了一种基体，它通过将活性成分保留在种子的表面上一段时间而截留活性成分并提高秧苗成活率。该种子包衣还通过减少操作者暴露和环境释放而增加使用活性成分的安全性。此外，即使将种子包衣组合物在低于20℃的温度下施用，该种子包衣组合物也耐断裂和剥落。还有，该种子包衣组合物提高了种子尺寸和形状的均匀性，这有利于机械播种工艺。
基本上任何种子都可用本发明种子包衣组合物进行处理，如谷类、蔬菜、观赏植物和水果。优选的是，种子选自谷类(甜的和田间的)、大豆、小麦、大麦、燕麦、水稻、棉花、向日葵、苜蓿、高粱、油菜籽、甜菜、canola、西红柿、大棉豆和其它豆、兵豆、豌豆、向日葵、莴苣、胡萝卜、烟草和花种子，如三色堇、风仙花属、矮牵牛属和老鹳草。最优选用种子包衣组合物包衣的种子是一般在低于20℃的温度下处理的那些种子，如谷类、canola、甜菜、小麦、大豆、豆、和豌豆。
该种子包衣组合物包含至少一种聚合物和视需要使用的活性或分。该聚合物的Tg为-60℃至20℃，优选-40℃至10℃，更优选-20℃至10℃，最优选-10℃至10℃。本发明人已经确定，本发明的种子包衣组合物在种子上提供一种均匀包衣，即使将种子包衣组合物在低于20℃的温度下施用，也耐断裂和剥落。本发明人还已确定，包有Tg大于20℃的聚合物的种子通常在种子上形成一种连续膜。该膜如果在低于20℃的温度下施用到种子上就容易断裂和剥落。此外，本发明人已经确定，包有Tg低于-60℃聚合物的种子通常形成堆积在设备上并限制其操作(除非去除)的粘性或发粘的膜。
可以使用各种聚合物来制备本发明的种子包衣，例如蛋白质、多糖、聚酯、聚氨酯、由不饱和单体制成的聚合物、及其混合物。该聚合物应该能够干燥并成膜。本文所用的“聚合物”包括共聚物、三元聚合物、等。
优选的是，该聚合物由至少一种烯属不饱和单体制成。合适的烯属不饱和单体为酸酐、乙烯基酯、α-烯烃、丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的烷基酯、不饱和二羧酸的取代或未取代的单和二烷基酯、乙烯基芳族化物、未取代或取代的丙烯酰胺、环状单体、包含烷氧基化侧链的单体、磺化单体、乙烯基酰胺单体、α，β-烯属不饱和C3-C8单羧酸、α，β-烯属不饱和C4-C8二羧酸(包括其酸酐)、以及α，β-烯属不饱和C4-C8二羧酸的C4-C8烷基半酯。还可使用烯属不饱和单体的混合物。
合适的酸酐单体例如，为马来酸酐和衣康酸酐。合适的乙烯基酯例如，为乙酸乙烯酯、甲酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯、异丁酸乙烯酯、戊酸乙烯酯、2-乙基己酸乙烯酯、异辛酸乙烯酯、壬酸乙烯酯、癸酸乙烯酯、新戊酸乙烯酯、和支链烷烃羧酸(versatic酸)乙烯酯。合适的丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的烷基酯例如，为丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸戊酯、丙烯酸酯己酯、和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、等。合适的不饱和二羧酸的取代或未取代单和二烷基酯例如，为马来酸取代或未取代单和二丁基、单和二乙基酯、以及相应的富马酸酯。
合适的乙烯基芳族单体优选包含8-20个碳原子，最优选8-14个碳原子。乙烯基芳族单体的例如为苯乙烯、1-乙烯基萘、2-乙烯基萘、3-甲基苯乙烯、4-丙基苯乙烯、叔丁基苯乙烯、4-环己基苯乙烯、4-十二烷基苯乙烯、2-乙基-4-苄基苯乙烯、4-(苯基丁基)苯乙烯、异氰酸(3-异丙烯基-α，α-甲基苄基)酯、和卤化苯乙烯。
合适的丙烯酰胺基单体例如，为丙烯酰胺、N，N-二甲基丙烯酰胺、N-辛基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯、等。合适的环状单体例如，为乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基咪唑酮、乙烯基吡啶、等。合适的磺化单体例如，为2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基丙磺酸、甲代烯丙基磺酸钠、乙烯基磺酸钠、磺化苯乙烯、等。合适的乙烯基酰胺单体例如，为N-乙烯基甲酰胺、N-乙烯基乙酰胺、等。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中，该聚合物是丙烯酸酯单体如丙烯酸丁酯、与乙酸乙烯酯或乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物。
视需要，在将聚合物施用到种子上之前，将至少一种活性成分与该聚合物进行混合。本文所用的“活性成分”是指一种能够帮助或用于种子发芽和秧苗生长的成分。典型的活性成分包括农药、杀真菌剂、杀线虫剂、灭鼠剂、驱鸟剂、除草剂、杀螨剂、杀虫剂、生长调节剂、植物营养剂、遗传开关(switch)如冷保护或通风保护、和类似物。常用的特殊活性成分是CAPTAN、APRON、SEVIN、VITAVAX、萎锈灵、MAGNUM、甲氧氯、TBZ、PARATHION、THIRAM、马拉硫磷、灭虫威、硝酸铵、二硫化四甲基秋兰姆、和植物激素。活性成分可通过由聚合物形成的膜扩散到周围介质。
农药的例子包括选自除虫菊酯、有机磷酸酯、caramoyloximes、吡唑类、脒、卤化烃、和氨基甲酸酯及其衍生物的那些。特别合适的农药包括有机磷酸酯、苯基吡唑和除虫菊酯。优选的农药是称作特丁磷、毒死蜱、锐劲特、壤虫氯磷、七氟菊酯、呋喃丹、吡虫啉、和嘧丙磷。还可包括昆虫生长调节剂，如甲氧普林和蒙五一二。
在本发明范围内，可制备出Tg在临界范围-60℃至20℃之外的聚合物，前提是，在用包含该聚合物的种子包衣组合物包衣种子之前，将聚合物的Tg调节在-60℃至20℃的临界范围内。调节聚合物Tg的一种优选方式是使用一种或多种增塑剂。增塑剂的例子为甘油、乙二醇、丙二醇、和酯如邻苯二甲酸2-乙基己酯。
该聚合物使用本领域已知的聚合反应方法，如乳液聚合反应、反转乳液聚合反应、溶液聚合反应等方法制成。可以采用间歇或连续单体加料或增量单体加料工艺。尽管聚合物的固体含量可以变化，但聚合物的百分固体含量优选为约40-70％重量，更优选约50-60％重量。
在一个优选实施方案中，该聚合物是用一种或多种表面活性剂或乳化剂如阴离子和/或非离子表面活性剂制成的水乳液聚合物。表面活性剂的种类和量是本领域已知的。但表面活性剂并非制备本发明聚合物所必需的。阴离子表面活性剂包括，例如C8-C12烷基苯磺酸盐、C12-C16烷磺酸盐、C12-C16烷基硫酸盐、C12-C16烷基磺基琥珀酸盐、或C12-C16硫酸化乙氧基化烷醇。非离子表面活性剂包括，例如C6-C12烷基酚乙氧基化物、C12-C20烷醇烷氧基化物、以及氧化乙烯与氧化丙烯的嵌段共聚物。非离子表面活性剂还包括C4-C18烷基糖苷、以及通过烷氧基化反应而由其得到的烷氧基化产物，特别是通过烷基糖苷与氧化乙烯的反应而得到的那些。在制备该聚合物时，可以使用表面活性剂的混合物。
水溶性或水可分散的可聚合表面活性剂也可单独或与非可聚合表面活性剂一起用于制备聚合物。优选用于制备聚合物的可聚合表面活性剂是由结构I表示的烷基苯磺酸盐的烯丙基胺盐：
在结构I中，R3是具有1-20个碳原子，优选10-18个碳原子的烷基；且X+选自NH3 +、NH2R6或NR6R7，其中R6和R7独立地为C1-C4烷基或羟烷基。烷基苯磺酸的烯丙基胺盐最优选为十二烷基苯磺酸盐的烯丙基胺盐。
另一种优选的可聚合表面活性剂是由结构II表示的烷基醚硫酸盐的烯丙基胺盐：
在结构II中，R4是具有1-20个碳原子，优选10-18个碳原子的烷基；n为2-15的整数，且X+选自NH3 +、NH2R6或NR6R7，其中R6和R7独立地为C1-C4烷基或羟烷基。烷基醚硫酸盐的烯丙基胺盐最优选为月桂基醚硫酸盐的烯丙基胺盐。
另一种优选的可聚合表面活性剂是由结构III表示的磷酸酯的烯丙基胺盐：
在结构III中，R5是具有1-20个碳原子，优选10-18个碳原子的烷基；n为2-15的整数，且X+选自NH3 +、NH2R6或NR6R7，其中R6和R7独立地为C1-C4烷基或羟烷基。磷酸酯的烯丙基胺盐最优选为壬基酚乙氧基化物(9摩尔EO)磷酸酯的烯丙基胺盐。优选的可聚合表面活性剂可作为商品名POLYSTEP AU1、POLYSTEP AU7、和POLYSTEP AU9而购自Stepan Company。
根据所要包衣的特定种子、其储存条件、及其预期发芽和生长时的土壤和气候条件，该种子包衣组合物可包括较宽范围的一种或多种添加剂。这些添加剂包括(但不限于)颜料、染料、增量剂如面粉、分散剂、赋形剂、防凝剂、防腐剂、草安全剂、肥料、生物控制剂、表面活性剂、螯合剂、增塑剂、着色剂、荧光增白剂、乳化剂、流动助剂如硬脂酸钙、滑石和蛭石、聚结剂、消泡剂、润湿剂、增稠剂、蜡、杀菌剂、杀虫剂、农药、和填料如纤维素、玻璃纤维、粘土、高岭土、滑石、碳酸钙和木粉、和气味调节剂。典型的赋形剂包括细分无机物质如浮石、酸性白土、膨润土、白陶土沸石、硅藻土、和其它粘土、改性硅藻土吸附剂如MICROCELE、活性炭、蛭石、细分有机物质如泥炭藓、木粉、和类似物。
聚合物在种子包衣组合物中的浓度为基于所述种子包衣组合物总重的0.01-10％重量。聚合物在种子包衣组合物中的浓度优选为0.1-5％重量。
所包衣的种子的尺寸可变化较大，从非常小(例如，芹菜种子)至非常大，例如花生，它可包有约0.010-0.5毫米厚的薄单层包衣至约0.5-2毫米厚的较厚多层包衣。
该种子包衣组合物优选以基本上均匀的方式分布在种子的表面上。将种子包衣组合物施用到种子上的合适方式是利用本领域熟练技术人员已知的各种方法。这些熟知的方法包括利用转鼓包衣器、转盘或HEGE种子包衣器、和涡旋或NIKLAS包衣器。种子可在包衣之前预上浆。
可视需要将膜外涂层施用到本发明的包衣种子上。该膜外涂层可保护包衣和/或使得容易识别所处理的种子和/或用于提高种子包衣的体积和均匀性。
各种材料都适用于外涂层，包括(但不限于)甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、糊精、树胶、蜡、植物油或石蜡油；水溶性或水分散多糖及其衍生物如藻酸盐、淀粉、和纤维素；以及合成聚合物如聚环氧乙烷、聚乙烯醇和聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮及其共聚物和相关聚合物，包括这些聚合物的混合物。如果存在，该外涂层可视需要包括例如以上提及的任何添加剂。
以下非限定性实施例用于进一步说明本发明的各个方面。
实施例1
通过水乳液聚合反应，制备出包含84％乙酸乙烯酯和14％乙烯的乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。该共聚物的Tg测定为0℃。
实施例2
通过水乳液聚合反应，制备出包含90％乙酸乙烯酯和10％乙烯的乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。该共聚物的Tg测定为20℃。
实施例3
通过水乳液聚合反应，制备出乙酸乙烯酯均聚物。该共聚物的Tg测定为40℃。
实施例4
通过水乳液聚合反应，制备出包含71％乙酸乙烯酯和29％乙烯的乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。该共聚物的Tg测定为15℃。
实施例5
通过水乳液聚合反应，制备出包含48％丙烯酸丁酯和52％乙酸乙烯酯的丙烯酸丁酯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。该共聚物的Tg测定为-15℃。
实施例6
通过水乳液聚合反应，制备出包含30％丙烯酸丁酯和70％乙酸乙烯酯的丙烯酸丁酯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。该共聚物的Tg测定为8℃。
实施例7
通过水乳液聚合反应，制备出包含93％丙烯酸乙酯、1％丙烯腈和6％N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺的丙烯酸乙酯/丙烯腈/N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺三元聚合物。该三元聚合物的Tg测定为-16℃。
实施例8
通过水乳液聚合反应，制备出包含53％甲基丙烯酸甲酯、45％丙烯酸丁酯和2％甲基丙烯酸的甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸丁酯/甲基丙烯酸三元聚合物。该三元聚合物的Tg测定为13℃。
实施例9
种子包衣组合物的制备
按照以下配方，制备出种子包衣组合物：
67％重量的乳液聚合物(55％固体含量)
10％重量的丙二醇
22％重量的滑石
0.5％重量的染料
0.5％重量的TRITONX-100(辛基苯氧基多乙氧基甲醇)，得自Union Carbide。
总量＝100％重量。
将以上组分在室温下在烧杯中进行混合，直到得到一种均匀的混合物。
实施例10
种子包衣组合物在种子上的施用
使用实施例1制备的Tg为0℃的共聚物作为实施例9种子包衣组合物中的聚合物。在20℃的温度下，利用HEGE种子包衣器，将该种子包衣组合物施用到种子上。该共聚物的施用浓度为基于该种子包衣组合物总重的0.2％重量。
实施例11
实施例1共聚物在种子上的施用
参照附图，图1是在10℃下且包衣量为基于种子重量的1％时，用Tg为0℃的实施例1所得共聚物包衣的种子表面的扫描电子显微照片。图1清楚地表明，该共聚物与种子的粘附性优异并在种子上形成光滑的连续膜。
实施例12
实施例2共聚物在种子上的施用
将Tg为20℃的实施例2所得共聚物在10℃的温度下施用到种子上。该共聚物的施用浓度为基于所用种子总重的1％重量。
参照附图，图2是在10℃下，在以上条件下，用实施例2所得共聚物包衣的种子表面的扫描电子显微照片。图2清楚地表明，该共聚物与种子表面的粘附性差。此外，该膜是软的，而且多孔，这可由膜中的许多裂缝看出。
实施例13
种子包衣组合物在种子上的施用
用约1克的实施例9所得种子包衣组合物来包衣40克谷类种子或棉花种子，其中使用实施例1-2所述的共聚物。用不含聚合物的1克另一种子包衣配方包衣40克对比种子样品。包衣到谷类种子上的种子包衣配方包含滑石作为填料。包衣到棉花种子上的种子包衣配方不含填料。
将包衣种子放在配有空气入口的圆底烧瓶中，然后在20℃下以60rpm的速率在辊棒装置上滚动5分钟。将过滤空气通过圆底烧瓶的空气入口，然后进入被安装在该容器远端的过滤器。然后测定从种子包衣去除并在过滤器上收集的“灰尘”颗粒的量。测试结果汇总于表I。
表I
共聚物对种子包衣的粘附性能的影响
处理 从种子包衣上去除的灰尘颗粒的毫克数
用实施例1制备的共聚物处理谷类种子 0.02
对比(没用聚合物处理谷类种子) 11.58
用实施例2制备的共聚物处理棉花种子 0.19
对比(没用聚合物处理棉花种子) 3.78
表I的结果清楚地表明，本发明共聚物在用于种子包衣配方时可显著降低在处理时可从种子包衣上去除的细颗粒的量。
实施例14
在1℃、4℃和10℃三种不同的温度下，将实施例1和2制备的共聚物包衣到谷类种子上。将种子、共聚物溶液、分配吸量管、和包衣罐平衡至包衣温度。将共聚物分配到种子上，然后将种子振荡30秒。然后将包衣种子在包衣温度下干燥2小时。约0.1克聚合物(干重)沉积在10克种子上。2小时之后，将包衣种子在20℃下振荡30分钟(模拟通常在处理和运输时遇到的条件)，然后测定从种子表面上移开的共聚物/包衣的量。结果在表II中给出。
表II
| 包衣温度(℃) | |||
| 1℃ | 4℃ | 10℃ | |
| 实施例1中制备的共聚物(Tg＝0℃) | 0.001克 | 0.001克 | 0.002克 |
| 实施例2中制备的共聚物(Tg＝20℃) | 0.054克 | 0.053克 | 0.041克 |
表II的结果清楚地表明，如果将本发明共聚物在低于其成膜温度(相当于Tg)的温度下施用，所得膜的品质非常差。通过摩擦，显著量的包衣从种子表面上离开，这最可能导致所处理种子的发芽性能差。但如果将本发明共聚物在大于其成膜温度的温度下施用，那么所得膜的品质优异，而且即使进行摩擦，包衣也不会离开种子。
实施例15
在1℃、4℃和10℃三种不同的温度下，将实施例3和4制备的共聚物包衣到谷类种子上。将实施例5、6、7和8制备的聚合物在10℃下施用到种子上。将种子、共聚物溶液、分配吸量管、和包衣罐平衡至约包衣温度。将共聚物分配到种子上，然后将种子振荡30秒。然后将包衣种子在包衣温度下干燥2小时。约0.1克聚合物(干重)沉积在10克种子上。干燥之后，将包衣种子在20℃下振荡30分钟(模拟在处理和运输时遇到的条件)，然后测定从种子表面上移开的共聚物/包衣的量。试验结果在表III中给出。
表III
包衣温度
聚合物 1℃ 4℃ 10℃
实施例3中制备的共聚物 0.001克 0.001克 0.002克
(Tg＝0℃)
实施例4中制备的共聚物 0.054克 0.047克 0.049克
(Tg＝20℃)
实施例5中制备的共聚物 — — 0.016克
(Tg＝20℃)
实施例6中制备的 — — 0.0001克
共聚物(Tg＝-15℃)
实施例7中制备的三元 — — 0.0000克
共聚物(Tg＝-16℃)
实施例8中制备的三元 — — 0.0556克
共聚物(Tg＝13℃)
表III的结果清楚地表明，如果将本发明共聚物在低于其成膜温度(相当于Tg)的温度下施用，所得膜的品质非常差，而且通过摩擦，约一半的这种差包衣离开种子表面。因此，在实施例4、5和8中，聚合物是在低于其Tg的温度下施用的，所得包衣的机械和粘附性能差。
尽管本发明已特别参考其某些实施方案进行描述，应该理解，在以下权利要求的范围和主旨内，本领域普通技术人员可以进行变化和改进。
Claims (4)
1.一种制备包衣种子的方法，包括：a)制备出Tg为-60℃至20℃的乳液烯属不饱和单体聚合物；b)将该烯属不饱和单体聚合物施用到种子上，前提是所述烯属不饱和单体聚合物的Tg小于或等于在施用时的种子表面温度；然后c)让该烯属不饱和单体聚合物在所述种子上干燥。
2.根据权利要求1的制备包衣种子的方法，其中在施用前将所述烯属不饱和单体聚合物的Tg通过加入一种或多种增塑剂来调节。
3.一种制备包衣种子的方法，包括：a)使至少一种活性成分与Tg为-60℃至20℃的乳液烯属不饱和单体聚合物混和；b)将该混合物施用到种子上，其中所述烯属不饱和单体聚合物的Tg小于或等于在施用时的种子表面温度；然后c)让该混合物在所述种子上干燥。
4.一种保护作物的成长秧苗的方法，该方法包含将包含Tg为-60℃至20℃的乳液烯属不饱和单体聚合物的种子包衣组合物施用到作物的种子上，前提是该烯属不饱和单体聚合物的Tg小于或等于施用时的种子表面温度。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/382,434 US6329319B1 (en) | 1999-08-25 | 1999-08-25 | Seed coating compositions for low temperature applications |
| US09/382434 | 1999-08-25 | ||
| US09/382,434 | 1999-08-25 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1291432A CN1291432A (zh) | 2001-04-18 |
| CN1178577C true CN1178577C (zh) | 2004-12-08 |
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| US (1) | US6329319B1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1078563B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP4838928B2 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1178577C (zh) |
| AR (1) | AR025367A1 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR0004893B1 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE60024008T2 (zh) |
| MX (1) | MXPA00008230A (zh) |
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| ATE534276T1 (de) * | 2005-01-10 | 2011-12-15 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Gerät zur bestimmung der gleichförmigkeit einer saatgutcharge |
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| CN109152359A (zh) * | 2016-05-25 | 2019-01-04 | 禾大国际股份公开有限公司 | 聚合物涂料组合物 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1078563A1 (en) | 2001-02-28 |
| DE60024008D1 (de) | 2005-12-22 |
| DE60024008T2 (de) | 2006-06-01 |
| EP1078563B1 (en) | 2005-11-16 |
| BR0004893B1 (pt) | 2013-09-17 |
| CN1291432A (zh) | 2001-04-18 |
| JP4838928B2 (ja) | 2011-12-14 |
| MXPA00008230A (es) | 2002-07-09 |
| JP2001120012A (ja) | 2001-05-08 |
| BR0004893A (pt) | 2001-06-19 |
| AR025367A1 (es) | 2002-11-20 |
| US6329319B1 (en) | 2001-12-11 |
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