CN117653653B - 干预癌特异linc01419的小分子核酸药物及其在肝癌靶向治疗中的应用 - Google Patents
干预癌特异linc01419的小分子核酸药物及其在肝癌靶向治疗中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了靶向LINC01419的siRNA,所述siRNA包含2’‑OMe、FC(氟代)、FU(氟代)化学修饰,提高了体内稳定性,所述siRNA的3’端偶联GalNAc,增强了其肝靶向性。本发明还提供了检测LINC01419水平的试剂在制备肝癌预后评估试剂盒中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及肿瘤治疗领域,具体涉及干预癌特异LINC01419的小分子核酸药物及其在肝癌靶向治疗中的应用。
背景技术
长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一类序列大于200个核苷酸的非编码RNA,它不具有蛋白编码能力或者有很弱的蛋白编码能力,在细胞中主要以RNA的形式发挥生物学功能[1]。随着近些年人们对lncRNA的研究不断深入,发现lncRNA以多种多样的分子生物学机制参与了癌症的发生发展,在细胞恶性转化进程中的细胞增殖维持、细胞生长抑制逃避、细胞永生化获得、血管生成、侵袭与转移、能量代谢重编程以及免疫监管逃避等等生物学特性中都发挥着重要作用[2,3]。lncRNA相比蛋白编码基因更加具有组织特异性,其在肿瘤中的异常表达和其重要的生物学功能与意义也大大扩展了肿瘤潜在诊断与治疗靶点[4]。
基于lncRNA在肿瘤中的异常表达和发挥促癌功能的多样性分子机制,干预肿瘤相关的lncRNA在细胞内的表达也是潜在的肿瘤治疗手段。相关途径包括:通过特异性siRNA、ASO、核酸适配体和核酶使lncRNA转录本降解;通过抑制与lncRNA基因启动子结合的转录因子从而改变lncRNA的启动子活性来调节其转录;开发小分子或多肽,通过结合特定的结合口袋来阻断lncRNA与其他蛋白质、DNA、RNA或复合物的结合;设计核酸适配体,通过在特定结构区域靶向lncRNA,阻断其与互作分子的结合从而破坏lncRNA的功能等等[5,6]。主要使用反义寡核苷酸(ASO)和小干扰RNA(siRNA)的RNA疗法近些年发展良好,有几种药物已获得FDA批准,对当前肿瘤和多种其他疾病治疗有重要意义。siRNA诱导的RNA干扰技术在肿瘤、感染性疾病以及神经系统疾病等的治疗中发挥着巨大潜力[7]。然而,siRNA作为药物进入体内发挥干扰效应需要实现细胞内吞、溶酶体逃逸及避免被核酸酶降解,需要很高的稳定性;在临床转化过程中还需要克服治疗特异性、耐受性和递送等方面的障碍[8]。N-乙酰半乳糖胺(GalNAc)是肝细胞特异性去唾液酸糖蛋白受体(ASGPR)的高亲和力配体,可参与网格蛋白介导的内吞作用,使得siRNA进入肝细胞,在肝脏靶向递送领域具有很大优势[9]。
专利CN 111485020 A公开了采用shRNA干扰LINC01419的方式进行肝细胞癌的治疗,该方式可以通过干扰LINC01419表达进行普通细胞水平功能研究。但是利用该方式,进一步做体内AAV基因治疗等会对正常细胞(例如表达LINC01419的睾丸组织)产生影响,体内毒性及副作用大。相对而言siRNA治疗操作便捷,也能达到更高效的基因沉默效果,对细胞和组织毒副作用小,且目前有成熟的递送方式。
参考文献:
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[2]HUARTE M.The emerging role of lncRNAs in cancer[J].Nat Med,2015,21(11):1253-61.
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[9]DEBACKER A J,VOUTILA J,CATLEY M,et al.Delivery of Oligonucleotidesto the Liver with GalNAc:From Research to Registered Therapeutic Drug[J].MolTher,2020,28(8):1759-71.
发明内容
为解决上述不足,本发明以LINC01419作为研究靶点,通过GalNAc偶联的siRNA作为药物递送策略。
具体地,本发明第一方面提供了靶向LINC01419的siRNA在制备肝癌药物中的应用。
在某些实施方式中,所述siRNA的靶向序列包含SEQ ID NO:6(CCUCAAUUUCCAUGGCAAUAU)所示的核酸。
在某些实施方式中,所述siRNA合成序列包含SEQ ID NO:15(CCUCAAUUUCCAUGGCAAUAUUU)所示的核酸,其中,3’端悬臂UU以提高沉默效果。
在某些实施方式中,所述siRNA包含2’-OMe修饰(i2OMe)和氟代修饰(i2F);优选地,具体修饰后序列特征为:/i2OMeC//i2OMeC//i2OMeU//i2OMeC//i2OMeA//i2OMeA//i2FU//i2OMeU//i2FU//i2FC//i2FC//i2OMeA//i2OMeU//i2OMeG//i2OMeG//i2OMeC//i2OMeA//i2OMeA//i2OMeU//i2OMeA//i2OMeU//i2OMeU//i2OMeU/。在某些实施方式中,所述siRNA的3’端偶联三价的GalNAc。
本发明第二方面提供了靶向LINC01419的siRNA,所述siRNA的靶向序列包含SEQID NO:6(CCUCAAUUUCCAUGGCAAUAU)所示的核酸。
在某些实施方式中,所述siRNA合成序列siRNA的合成序列包含SEQ ID NO:15(CCUCAAUUUCCAUGGCAAUAUUU)所示的核酸,其中,3’端悬臂UU以提高沉默效果。
在某些实施方式中,所述siRNA包含2’-OMe修饰(i2OMe)和氟代修饰(i2F);优选地,具体修饰后序列特征为:/i2OMeC//i2OMeC//i2OMeU//i2OMeC//i2OMeA//i2OMeA//i2FU//i2OMeU//i2FU//i2FC//i2FC//i2OMeA//i2OMeU//i2OMeG//i2OMeG//i2OMeC//i2OMeA//i2OMeA//i2OMeU//i2OMeA//i2OMeU//i2OMeU//i2OMeU/。
在某些实施方式中,所述siRNA的3’端偶联三价的GalNAc。
本发明第三方面提供了检测LINC01419水平的试剂在制备肝癌预后评估试剂盒中的应用。
在某些实施方式中,所述试剂包括用于LINC01419检测的引物和/或探针。
在某些实施方式中,所述于LINC01419检测的引物如SEQ ID NO:3和4所示
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
1)肝细胞膜表面能够特异性表达ASGPR受体,而GalNAc偶联的siLINC01419能够与肝细胞膜表面的ASGPR受体特异性结合进而通过受体介导的内吞作用将GalNAc-siLINC01419靶向递送到肝细胞内,降低脱靶效应。并且,ASGPR是肝细胞膜表面主要表达的受体,每个肝细胞膜表面约有50万个ASGPR受体,其表达上的高丰度能够显著增加靶向递送的效率和有效性。
2)GalNAc偶联的siRNA通过皮下注射给药可以实现良好的药物分布效果,高效靶向肝脏,相比静脉注射给药方式所需剂量更小,显著降低给药所带来的副作用。
3)对siRNA进行了二甲氧基修饰和氟代修饰等化学修饰,增强了其抗核酸酶的活性的能力,提高了其稳定性。
4)本发明在体内研究结果中显示GalNAc-siLINC01419能够有效抑制裸鼠肝原位异种移植瘤的体内生长及转移。具有很高的临床转化价值及市场前景。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述,本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更显著:
图1显示LINC01419不同组织中的表达。通过GTEx数据库分析了LINC01419在人类正常组织中的表达水平,发现LINC01419在除睾丸外的人类正常组织中都几乎没有表达(图1A)。通过TCGA数据库分析了LINC01419在33种肿瘤组织中的表达水平,LINC01419在多种肿瘤中有表达,并且在肝癌中的表达尤其高(图1B)。
图2显示LINC01419在肝癌组织中特异高表达且与病人预后相关。(Cohort1:TCGA-LIHC dataset,Cohort 2:Gepliver dataset,Cohort 3:GSE77314 dataset,Cohort 4:GSE144269dataset)多个数据集数据均显示LINC01419在肝癌中显著高表达而在癌旁组织或正常肝基本不表达(图2A-D)。并且,LINC01419高表达与病人较差预后相关(图2E)。
图3显示在肝癌细胞系Huh7中通过多条siRNA分别干扰LINC01419,qPCR检测干扰效率选取最优两条进行后续实验(图3A,B)。以及在高表达LINC01419的Huh7和PLC细胞中通过shRNA稳定敲降LINC01419,在低表达LINC01419的SK-Hep1和HepG2细胞中稳定过表达LINC01419,均有良好的表达效率(图3C,D)。
图4显示体外细胞实验证明通过siRNA干扰LINC01419的表达,通过CCK8增殖、克隆形成、细胞迁移和侵袭实验,发现干扰LINC01419表达可以显著抑制肝癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力(图4A-D)。
图5显示体外细胞实验证明LINC01419促进肝癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭。通过构建LINC01419-shRNA稳定敲降细胞株和LINC01419稳定过表达细胞株进行细胞功能实验。在LINC01419高表达Huh7和PLC细胞中稳定敲低LINC01419后进行CCK8增殖、克隆形成、细胞迁移和侵袭实验,发现干扰LINC01419显著抑制了肝癌细胞的增殖、克隆形成、迁移与侵袭能力(图5A-D)。相反,在LINC01419低表达的SK-Hep1和HepG2细胞中过表达LINC01419显著促进了肝癌细胞的增殖、克隆形成、迁移与侵袭(图5E-H)。
图6显示体内细胞实验证明LINC01419促进肝癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭。将稳定干扰的LINC01419的细胞株利用裸鼠皮下成瘤模型进行动物体内实验,两个独立的LINC01419敲低组皮下瘤的生长速度和肿瘤重量都显著低于对照组(图6A,B)。将瘤体组织进行Ki67染色也显示LINC01419敲低组的肿瘤细胞Ki67阳性率明显下降(图6C)。同时构建了稳定表达EGFP-Luciferase的Huh7细胞并在此基础上干扰LINC01419进行体内转移实验,活体成像结果表明干扰LINC01419显著抑制了肝癌细胞在裸鼠肝原位的生长(图6D),肝肺组织的HE染色与分析也表明干扰LINC01419显著抑制了肿瘤肝内转移,肺转移也有减少(图6E)。
图7显示GalNAc-siRNA治疗肝原位异种移植模型建立流程图。
图8显示GalNAc-siLINC01419在体内的治疗效果。给予GalNAc-siLINC01419治疗的小鼠,其肿瘤的体内生长能力较对照组显著减弱,荧光强度明显减低(图8A-B);同时GalNAc-siLINC01419治疗组小鼠肿瘤组织中Ki67的染色程度明显减弱(图8C);HE染色发现GalNAc-siLINC01419治疗组小鼠的肝内转移能力及肺转移能力较对照组显著减弱(图8D-E)。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例的附图,对本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1实验方法
1.1RNA测序数据集下载与分析
从GTEx数据库下载29种不同组织类型的人体正常组织样本表达数据;从TCGA数据库下载33种不同癌症类型的10358个人类肿瘤样本的RNA-seq的bam文件;通过生物信息学软件StringTie分析定量LINC01419转录本的TPM表达值。
对于肝癌组织表达数据,队列1:来自GDC数据(https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/)的TCGA肝癌患者RNA-seq数据集(TCGA-LIHC)中的369例患者(包括50对配对肝癌及癌旁组织)的组织表达数据。队列2:从GepLiver(http://www.gepliver.org/)获得105例HCC患者(包括50对配对肝癌及癌旁组织)的组织表达数据。队列3:从基因表达综合数据库(GEO,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/)下载的GSE77314数据集中的50对HCC组织和癌旁组织表达数据。队列4:从GEO下载的GSE144269数据集中的70对HCC组织和癌旁组织表达数据。
1.2细胞培养
人肝癌细胞Huh7、PLC、SK-Hep1和HepG2以及人胚肾细胞HEK-293T细胞使用加入10%胎牛血清(FBS)及1%双抗(青霉素和链霉素)的高糖DMEM培养基。细胞培养于37℃,5%CO2培养箱中。
一般细胞增殖至70~80%密度时可进行细胞传代。细胞传代时,从培养箱中取出待处理的细胞,将培养基倒尽并加入PBS清洗细胞两遍,然后加入适量胰酶(0.25%),使细胞浸润并静置片刻,镜检观察细胞将要脱落培养皿,弃掉胰酶加入1mL完全培养基轻轻吹打,充分悬浮细胞,取适量细胞加入到新的培养皿中,并补足适量的完全培养基摇晃均匀,放置于37℃,5%CO2培养箱中培养。
1.3实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)
用TRIzol试剂(Invitrogen,CA,USA)提取细胞RNA。使用Evo M-MLV RT MasterMix(Accurate Biology,Hunan,China)将RNA逆转录为cRNA。
qPCR反应使用SYBR Green Premix Pro Taq HS qPCR Kit(Accurate Biology,Hunan,China),每组样品设3个复孔。
在384孔板中配置反应体系(8μL):
加样结束后将384板封膜,瞬时离心后放入QuantStudio 5Real-Time PCR System仪器中进行qPCR反应,设置反应程序:
95℃预变性15s;95℃变性5s,60℃退火延伸30s,反应循环40个。
反应结束,导出CT值,以β-actin为内参,计算方式为ΔCT=实验组CT值(目的基因)-对照组CT值(内参基因),2^-ΔCT即为基因的相对表达量。
表1 qPCR引物序列
1.4 siRNA转染
siRNA由锐博生物合成。将siRNA干粉瞬时离心后加DEPC水溶解,配置为20μM的储存液,分装后保存于-80℃或-20℃低温冰箱。
提前一天将待转染的细胞接种于六孔板中,培养过夜,第二天密度50%~60%时转染为宜;转染体系孵育:取5μL siRNA与200μL opti-MEM混匀,取5μL RNAiMAX加入到200μL opti-MEM中,轻轻吹打混匀,两个体系静置5min;将上述两体系混合,轻柔吹打均匀,静置15min;然后从培养箱中取出待转染的六孔板细胞,弃掉培液,加入1.6mL无血清无双抗的培养基,将孵育好的转染体系转入各孔中,做好标记,轻轻混匀后放入培养箱中培养;6~8h后将培液更换为2mL新鲜的完全培养基。转染24~48h后可进行后续实验。
表2 siRNA序列
1.5慢病毒载体构建
稳定敲低LINC01419的shRNA质粒构建
shRNA正反向引物在金唯智生物科技有限公司合成。
将引物片段退火为shRNA双链;使用BsmB I-v2(New England Biolabs,MA,USA)酶切Lenti-gRNA-Puro(Addgene#84752)载体;通过Solution I连接酶(Takara,Japan)连接反应将shRNA连接在Lenti-gRNA-Puro载体中。然后转化大肠杆菌HB101,涂平板后挑取单克隆扩培,提质粒,送测序鉴定正确后即质粒构建完成,用于后续慢病毒包装。
表3 shRNA引物序列
稳定过表达LINC01419的质粒构建
根据LINC014191的全长序列设计特异性扩增引物,并在引物5’端加上与过表达载体酶切线性化后两端重叠的15~20nt序列,用PrimeSTAR HS Premix高保真酶(Takara,Japan)PCR扩增LINC01419的全长片段;用EcoR I-HF(New England Biolabs,MA,USA)和BamH I-HF(New England Biolabs,MA,USA)酶切pCDH-CMV(Addgene#72265)载体;通过ClonExpress Ultra One Step Cloning Kit(Vazyme,Nanjing,China)无缝克隆将LINC01419全长片段连接到pCDH-CMV载体上;转化提质粒送测序鉴定正确后即成功构建LINC01419过表达质粒,未插入LINC01419片段的空载体为Vector阴性对照。
LINC01419全长序列(SEQ ID NO:14):
AACCCGCTCGGGTCCCCTTCCACATCGTGGAAGCTTTGTTCTTTCGCTCTTTGCAATAAATCTTGCTACTGCTCACTCTTTGGGTCCACGCTGCTTTTATGAGCTGTAACACTCACCGCGAAGATCTGCAGCTTCACTCCCGAGCCAGCGAGACCACGAACCCACCAGAAGGAAGAAACTCCGAACACATCTGAACATCAGAAGGGCAGACTCCAGACACGCCACCTTAAGAGCTGTAACACTCACCGCGAGGGTCCACGGCTTCATTCTTGAAGTCAGTGAGACCAAGAACCCACCAATTCCGGACACAATTTCTTGGCTCTCAGTGGCTTCCATGGAAGTTCTGCAATCAACCAGCAGGAGAACCGCTTAAACCCAGGAGGCGGAGGTTGCAGTGAGCCAAGTATGCATCACTGCACTCCAGCCTGGAAGACAGAGTGAGACCCTGTCTCAACAAAATAAATTAAAATAAAAAATAATATATTTTTCTAACTATCATCCCTTTTCCAAATCAGGAATTCCCCTTAAGTTTTCCTCAATTTCCATGGCAATATCTTTGCATAGATTCATTAAGAATTTGTCCTTTTTAAATAAAAAATATAAAGGGAACTATTCATTAGGCAACAAATGCCTTGTCTGAAATATCACATTTGAGAATGCTGCTCATTTAATCAGAAAGGTACGCTACTTTAAAGAACTGAGGTCCACTTTCTGGAGCCAAAAACTCATAAATCCCTCTCAGAAAAACCTGATTTGCTTTGTAGGGTCTCAGGTTTAGAGATGCTGAAAAAGATATTTTCGTTGCAGACAAAGGACCTCAGAGTATTTGGAGAACTTTGAGAAGAGAGGAATTCTCCCAAATGTATAGGTGTCACAGGTAAAATACAGTCGAGAGATTTTCTTGGACTTTAATTCCTTAAATCAGGATAGCAAATAATAGGGGCTTTTACAAATTCAATCTGTTTCCTTACAAAAATTTTCAGCAAAGTAATTTCAGCAAATTAATTTTCAGCAAAGTAAATGTAAGAAGACTTATGTGAAAAATTAACATTCTCCATGTATCTATGAAGCCAAACCTAATAAAACCAGCTTTAATTTGTGCTCAAGAATATTATTTCACTGAGTTTTCTTAAATCACAAAGGGGAGACTGTTATGAAAACTGATATAAAATAAAAAAAACAAGGAAGAAAAGTCTACTAGATGTCTCTAATGGAAGACTGCATTTTTAGAACATATCCTTATAGGCGATTCTAGCCTTTCTCTGCTATTTGGCTCTCACACTCTTTACCGTGCAGATAATTCACAGCAATGCAAAAGAATCCTCATCTATAGCCATGAAAATAAGTTATTTGTTATTTCTGGTAAAGGTTCAATTGACCTCCCCTTCCAGGATGAAGAAAGTTTCATGTCTTTCTGCATCATTTCAACTATTCCTTACTACATATAAATCTGCACTTGTTAACTTCTATTTTGAATTGATTGTGGCATCTGCCTGCTTCCCCATTAAAACTGAATAAAATCTTTAACACATAAAAA。
用于小鼠活体成像实验的pWPXL-EGFP-Luciferase质粒构建
将荧光素酶基因(Luciferase)克隆在pWPXL载体(Addgene#12257)中,pWPXL载体中本身含EGFP,Luciferase插入在EGFP后面,融合表达,得到pWPXL-EGFP-Luciferase质粒。
1.6慢病毒包装与感染、构建稳定表达细胞株
慢病毒包装:将生长状态良好的HEK-293T细胞胰酶消化后,取适量细胞接种至6孔板中,培养过夜后密度达到70~80%即可进行慢病毒包装;取2μg目的慢病毒载体质粒,1.4μg包装质粒psPAX2(Addgene#12260),0.7μg包膜质粒pMD2.G(Addgene#12259)与400μL无血清DMEM培液混合,另取一个EP管将10μL脂质体转染试剂与400μL无血清DMEM培液混合,室温静置5min;将两个体系混合,轻轻吹打混匀,静置15min;从培养箱中取出6孔板HEK-293T细胞,弃掉培液,每孔加入1.2mL无血清培养基,然后沿着孔壁缓缓加入孵育好的转染体系,混匀,放回培养箱;培养6~8h后,将培液更换为2mL新鲜的完全培养基;转染48h后收集培养基,用注射器吸出培养基经过0.45μm滤膜过滤后收集于EP管中,即得到病毒液,可直接用于感染细胞或者置于-80℃冰箱保存。
慢病毒感染与稳株构建:状态良好的细胞密度达到50~70%时可进行慢病毒感染,以六孔板为例,将细胞更换新鲜培液并加入终浓度6μg/mL的polybrene,放回培养箱中;30min后,取出细胞,向孔中加入适量病毒液,感染过夜后更换新鲜培养基;36~48h后,对于荧光质粒可用荧光显微镜观察感染效率并后续做流式分选;对抗性筛选质粒可加入对应筛选药物,筛选后可抽提RNA检测效率,确认效率较好的稳定表达株即可直接进行细胞功能实验,并同时冻存该稳定细胞株。
1.7体外细胞功能实验
1)CCK8细胞增殖实验
状态良好的细胞用胰酶消化,用无血清培养基将细胞吹匀,转移到EP管中,轻轻吹匀后吸出10μL细胞悬液与10μL台盼蓝(Invitrogen,CA,USA)混合,吹打均匀后取10μL加入到Countess细胞计数腔室载玻片(Invitrogen,CA,USA)中,放入自动细胞计数仪中计数。根据细胞计数结果用完全培养基将细胞稀释为1×104/mL,吹打均匀后用排枪按每孔100μL接种到96孔细胞培养板中,放入培养箱中培养。待细胞贴壁后在第1、3、5天分别进行CCK-8细胞增殖活性检测。将待测孔的培养基弃掉,加入100μL混合均匀的含10%CCK8试剂(MCE,Shanghai,China)的完全培养基。放回培养箱继续培养2h后,放入酶标仪检测OD450nm。
2)细胞克隆形成实验
状态良好的细胞消化后计数,用完全培养基调整细胞悬液浓度。然后取100μL每孔(1000/2000/3000个细胞)分别加入到六孔板中。每种细胞3个复孔,每孔加2mL完全培养基,混匀后放入培养箱中培养。间隔几天后可加入适量培液以补充消耗。培养8~14天,镜下观察克隆形成情况,若克隆生长良好则弃掉培液,用PBS洗两遍,吸干残留的PBS液体,加入甲醇配置的0.1mg/mL结晶紫溶液,室温静置染色15min,吸尽结晶紫溶液,用自来水充分清洗,室温晾干后扫描成像。根据扫描图像对克隆数目进行统计,并分析实验组和对照组的差异。
3)细胞迁移与侵袭实验
用胰酶将状态良好的细胞消化后,用无血清培液重悬细胞转移至EP管中,进行细胞计数后用无血清培液调整细胞浓度。Huh7、PLC以及SK-Hep1细胞调整至2.5×105/mL,HepG2细胞调整至5×105/mL。提前向24孔板中加入600μL完全培养基,然后放置transwell小室(Falcon,New Jersey,USA),向小室内加入200μL稀释好的细胞悬液。将24孔板置于培养箱中培养,Huh7和PLC细胞一般培养14h,SK-Hep1细胞一般培养12h,HepG2细胞一般培养48h。培养时间结束后取出小室放于甲醇配置的结晶紫染液中,染色15min,然后用清水冲洗,用棉签擦拭小室内侧,充分冲洗后晾干。晾干的小室用倒置显微镜拍照采集,每个小室随机选择3~5个视野拍照,然后用Image pro plus软件进行计数统计。
对于细胞侵袭实验:实验前先将Matrigel(BD,New Jersey,USA)置于4℃冰箱融化,在冰上以1:9比例用无血清培养基配置稀释的Matrigel。然后在24孔板中加入600μL完全培养基,放置transwell小室,将60μL稀释的Matrigel加入到小室中,用枪头铺涂均匀,然后将24孔板放于培养箱1~2h,再进行后续实验。细胞侵袭较于细胞迁移实验需要的细胞悬液浓度需要加倍,或者延长培养时间,其他步骤与细胞迁移实验相同。
1.8裸鼠皮下成瘤实验
5周龄的雌性BALB/c裸鼠饲养于SPF环境中,生长期间供给足量食物和水。实验共三组小鼠,每组6只,每只小鼠注射细胞量为3×106(体积为200μL)。使用1mL注射器抽取细胞后,排尽注射器内多余空气,将细胞注射至小鼠右侧腋窝皮下(注射前表皮用酒精棉球消毒),7~10天成瘤后每3天测肿瘤体积和小鼠体重,体积计算公式为0.5×L×W2(L为长度,W为宽度)。3~4周至肿瘤体积小于2000mm3时结束实验,将小鼠进行安乐死后剥取出皮下瘤,称重并记录,同时所有皮下瘤分组摆放进行拍照记录。将新鲜肿瘤组织在PBS中涮洗后切下一小块加入TRIzol试剂,进行后续组织RNA提取。多余的组织加入4%多聚甲醛固定,用于后续石蜡包埋、石蜡切片与免疫组化染色。
1.9裸鼠肝原位移植瘤实验
5周龄的雌性BALB/c裸鼠共三组,每组6只,每只注射1.5×106个稳定表达EGFP-Luciferase的Huh7细胞(体积为50μL,Matrigel与空培养基1:1混合)。通过裸鼠肝原位移植手术将细胞悬液注射至小鼠肝脏中。期间观察小鼠状态确保肿瘤负荷不会过大,4周后,给每只小鼠腹腔注射150mg/kg D-Luciferin(Yeasen,Shanghai,China)后吸入异氟烷(RWD,Shenzhen,China)麻醉,然后用IVIS Lumina LT Series III活体成像系统进行成像,采集图片。成像结束后对小鼠安乐死处理,解剖小鼠肝脏离体后拍照保存,留取小块瘤组织用于RNA提取,然后将小鼠肝脏和小鼠肺在4%多聚甲醛中固定,用于后续苏木精和伊红(H&E)染色。
1.10GalNAc-siLINC01419治疗裸鼠肝原位移植瘤模型
用于体内动物实验的GalNAc-siRNA湖州河马生物合成。
GalNAc-siNC靶向序列为UUCUCCGACGUGUCACGUUU(SEQ ID NO:16),由河马生物合成。GalNAc-siLINC01419靶向序列为CCUCAAUUUCCAUGGCAAUAU(SEQ ID NO:6)。(GalNAc-siLINC01419靶向序列根据体外细胞实验siRNA干扰效率和功能最明显组选择siLINC01419-1对应序列)。
GalNAc-siNC和GalNAc-siLINC01419均采用2’-OMe、FC(氟代)、FU(氟代)化学修饰。GalNAc-siNC正义链修饰后序列为:/i2OMeU//i2OMeU//i2OMeC//i2OMeU//i2OMeC//i2OMeC//i2FG//i2OMeA//i2FA//i2FC//i2FG//i2OMeU//i2OMeG//i2OMeU//i2OMeC//i2OMeA//i2OMeC//i2OMeG//i2OMeU//i2OMeU//i2OMeU/。GalNAc-siLINC01419修饰后序列为:/i2OMeC//i2OMeC//i2OMeU//i2OMeC//i2OMeA//i2OMeA//i2FU//i2OMeU//i2FU//i2FC//i2FC//i2OMeA//i2OMeU//i2OMeG//i2OMeG//i2OMeC//i2OMeA//i2OMeA//i2OMeU//i2OMeA//i2OMeU//i2OMeU//i2OMeU/。且两个siRNA正义链3’端均偶联三价的GalNAc分子。其中,siRNA添加3’悬臂UU,可增强siRNA沉默效果(Elbashir SM等人,EMBO J.2001Dec 3;20(23):6877-88.doi:10.1093/emboj/20.23.6877.PMID:11726523)。
构建稳定表达EGFP-Luciferase的细胞株:用pWPXL-EGFP-Luciferase病毒感染Huh7细胞,48小时后收集细胞进行细胞流式分选获得GFP阳性细胞,进一步扩大培养获得稳定表达EGFP-Luciferase的肝癌细胞株。
6周龄的雄性BALB/c裸鼠12只,每只注射5×106个稳定表达EGFP-Luciferase的Huh7细胞(体积为50μL,Matrigel与空培养基1:1混合)。通过裸鼠肝原位移植手术将细胞悬液注射至小鼠肝脏中。原位移植7天后,给每只小鼠腹腔注射150mg/kg D-Luciferin(Yeasen,Shanghai,China)后吸入异氟烷(RWD,Shenzhen,China)麻醉,然后用IVIS LuminaLT Series III活体成像系统进行成像,采集图像。将裸鼠随机分为两组(N=6只/组),分别于皮下注射GalNAc-siNC和GalNAc-siLINC01419(5mg/kg)进行治疗实验,每周一次,连续两周,并每周进行活体成像。第三周成像结束后对小鼠安乐死处理,解剖小鼠肝脏离体后拍照保存,留取小块瘤组织用于RNA和蛋白提取,然后将小鼠肝脏和小鼠肺在4%多聚甲醛中固定,用于后续H&E染色和免疫组化染色。
实施例2实验结果
2.1肝癌中LINC01419的表达
通过GTEx数据库信息分析了LINC01419在人类正常组织中的表达水平(各组织类型的样本量在图中样本名称后标注),发现LINC01419在除睾丸外的人类正常组织中都几乎没有表达(图1A)。通过TCGA数据库分析了LINC01419在33种肿瘤组织中的表达水平(各肿瘤类型的组织样本量在图中肿瘤名称后标注),LINC01419在多种肿瘤中有表达,并且在肝癌中的表达尤其高(图1B)。以上结果表明LINC01419是一个癌特异表达的分子。
2.2LINC01419在肝癌组织中表达与预后相关性
Cohort 1:TCGA-LIHC dataset,Cohort 2:Gepliver dataset,Cohort 3:GSE77314dataset,Cohort 4:GSE144269dataset多个数据集RNA测序数据(样本的RNA测序数据表达谱数据固定,cohort t1:n=50,cohort 2:n=50,cohort 3:n=70,cohort4:n=70)均显示LINC01419在肝癌中显著高表达而在癌旁组织或正常肝基本不表达(图2A-D),提供了特异靶向肝癌细胞治疗的良好靶点。且LINC01419高表达与病人较差预后相关(图2E),进一步提高了靶向LINC01419治疗的意义。
2.3体外实验研究LINC01419与肝癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭相关性
为了探究LINC01419的生物学功能,设计了四条特异靶向LINC01419的siRNA(序列见方法),将其分别瞬时转染高表达LINC01419的Huh7细胞中,48h后抽提RNA通过qPCR检测LINC01419的干扰效率(图3A)。进一步选取了两条效率最高的siRNA进行后续的功能研究。在高表达Huh7和PLC细胞中瞬时转染这两条siRNA,均有良好的干扰效果(图3B)。然后在siRNA干扰LINC01419的细胞中进行CCK8增殖、克隆形成、细胞迁移和侵袭实验,发现干扰LINC01419显著抑制了肝癌细胞的增殖、克隆形成、迁移与侵袭能力(图4A-D)。通过构建稳定干扰和过表达LINC01419的细胞株探究其功能,将构建好的LINC01419-shRNA质粒和LINC01419过表达质粒进行慢病毒包装,再用病毒液过夜感染细胞,48h后加puromycin药筛。而后提RNA,qPCR检测以确认有良好的干扰和过表达效率(图3C,D),然后细胞稳定株用于后续功能实验。同样,在Huh7和PLC细胞中通过shRNA稳定敲低LINC01419后也显著抑制了肝癌细胞的CCK8增殖、克隆形成、迁移与侵袭能力(图5A-D)。相反,在LINC01419低表达的SK-Hep1和HepG2细胞中过表达LINC01419(Vector为表达空载体对照)显著促进了肝癌细胞的增殖、克隆形成、迁移与侵袭(图5E-H)。以上结果都表明了LINC01419在肝癌细胞中的促癌作用。
2.4体内实验研究LINC01419与肝癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭相关性
进一步将构建好的稳定干扰LINC01419的细胞株进行动物体内实验,将3×106个细胞皮下注射至5周龄雌性BALB/c裸鼠构建裸鼠皮下成瘤模型,两个独立的LINC01419敲低组皮下瘤的生长速度和肿瘤重量都显著低于对照组(图6A,B)。将瘤体组织进行Ki67染色也显示LINC01419敲低组的肿瘤细胞Ki67阳性率明显下降(图6C)。
同时构建了稳定表达EGFP-Luciferase的Huh7细胞并在此基础上干扰LINC01419进行体内转移实验,将1.5×106个细胞注射至5周龄雌性BALB/c裸鼠的肝脏构建裸鼠肝原位移植瘤模型,一个月后进行活体成像并将小鼠安乐死后解剖小鼠肝肺组织。成像结果表明干扰LINC01419显著抑制了肝癌细胞在裸鼠肝原位的生长(图6D),肝肺组织的HE染色与分析也表明干扰LINC01419显著抑制了肿瘤肝内转移,肺转移也有减少(图6E)。以上体内实验进一步证明了LINC01419在体内促进肝癌细胞生长与转移的能力。
2.5GalNAc-siLINC01419在体内的治疗效果
基于LINC01419在肝癌中的特异高表达而正常肝不表达以及其发挥的促癌功能,进一步探究GalNAc-siLINC01419的体内治疗效果与意义。通过建立裸鼠肝原位异种移植模型(具体见方法,如图7所示),于裸鼠皮下注射GalNAc-siNC或GalNAc-siLINC01419以评估GalNAc-siLINC01419在体内的治疗效果。结果显示给予GalNAc-siLINC01419治疗的小鼠,其肿瘤的体内生长能力较对照组显著减弱,荧光强度明显减低(图8A-B);同时GalNAc-siLINC01419治疗组小鼠肿瘤组织中Ki67的染色程度明显减弱(图8C);此外,通过HE染色,发现GalNAc-siLINC01419治疗组小鼠的肝内转移能力及肺转移能力较对照组显著减弱(图8D-E)。以上结果提示,通过GalNAc-siRNA靶向肝癌细胞特异性高表达的LINC01419能够有效抑制裸鼠异种移植瘤的体内生长及转移能力。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点,对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。
此外,应当理解,虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这中叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
Claims (7)
1.靶向LINC01419的siRNA在制备肝癌药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述siRNA的序列为SEQ ID NO:6所示的核酸。
2.靶向LINC01419的siRNA在制备肝癌药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述siRNA的序列为SEQ ID NO:15所示的核酸。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述siRNA包含2’-OMe修饰和氟代修饰;修饰后序列特征为:
/i2OMeC//i2OMeC//i2OMeU//i2OMeC//i2OMeA//i2OMeA//i2FU//i2OMeU//i2FU//i2FC//i2FC//i2OMeA//i2OMeU//i2OMeG//i2OMeG//i2OMe C//i2OMeA//i2OMeA//i2OMeU//i2OMeA//i2OMeU//i2OMeU//i2OMeU/。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述siRNA的3’端偶联三价的GalNAc。
5.靶向LINC01419的siRNA,其特征在于,所述siRNA的序列为SEQ ID NO:6所示的核酸。
6.靶向LINC01419的siRNA,其特征在于,所述siRNA的序列特征为:
/i2OMeC//i2OMeC//i2OMeU//i2OMeC//i2OMeA//i2OMeA//i2FU//i2OMeU//i2FU//i2FC//i2FC//i2OMeA//i2OMeU//i2OMeG//i2OMeG//i2OMe C//i2OMeA//i2OMeA//i2OMeU//i2OMeA//i2OMeU//i2OMeU//i2OMeU/。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的siRNA,其特征在于,所述siRNA的3’端偶联三价的GalNAc。
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