CN117617397A - 一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117617397A CN117617397A CN202410049204.8A CN202410049204A CN117617397A CN 117617397 A CN117617397 A CN 117617397A CN 202410049204 A CN202410049204 A CN 202410049204A CN 117617397 A CN117617397 A CN 117617397A
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Abstract
本发明提供一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料及其制备方法,包括以下重量份原料:玉米50‑80份、豆粕18‑25份、鱼粉5‑10份、复合酸化剂1‑3份、抗菌剂3‑5份、草药酵素2‑5份,通过各原料之间科学复配,能够帮助机体吸收饲料及日粮中的营养物质,有效提升仔猪的生长性能,降低腹泻率,提高仔猪的成活率;其中,复合酸化剂激活胃蛋白酶,有效抑制有害菌群,减少厌食、腹泻等相关疫病发生。草药酵素通过选择各原料药的活性成分按照配伍原则复合,加入特定比例的复合菌进行发酵,能够替代传统的抗生素,提高畜禽的免疫功能、肠道健康,降低病原微生物抗性问题,通过试验结果显示,试验组平均日增重611.8‑621.6g,腹泻率1.08‑1.18%,成活率达到100%,具有较好的表观消化率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及饲料技术领域,特别涉及一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着人类社会文明的进步和对动物肉产品的需求不断增加,畜牧养殖业进入了现代规模集约化阶段,并随着精准营养和精准饲喂体系的确立和兴起,养殖阶段对饲料的要求越来越精细,特别是对断奶仔猪的饲养,仔猪的营养均衡和生长发育状况和饲料有直接的关联,断奶仔猪处于生长发育的关键阶段,需要充足的营养来支持其快速生长。因此,在断奶仔猪饲料中需要添加足够的蛋白质、矿物质和维生素等营养成分,以满足其生长发育的需求,
目前的仔猪饲料熟化度低,营养物质损失较多,有害微生物及抗营养因子破除不彻底,饲料适口性差、转化效率低;并且在断奶期间仔猪易出现应激反应,仔猪因胃功能发育不完善,导致胃酸分泌不足,消化吸收不良,胃肠菌群紊乱,加之环境、心理等变化产生的刺激,临床出现厌食、腹泻、生长迟缓甚至阻滞等症状。目前有的仔猪饲料添加酸化剂,而现有的酸化剂易于被中和,失去酸化活性,且现有的酸化剂在胃中解离速度较快,一定程度上抑制了仔猪自身胃酸的分泌和正常的胃功能,酸化剂难以到达消化道后端,不能在整个消化道中发挥作用。
除了胃功能发育不完善,其后期的生长发育产生极其重要的影响,规模化养殖会出现多种疾病,养殖户为了快速防病治病,抗生素作为特效原料加入到饲料中,仔猪长期使用,破坏机体的微生态平衡,抑制仔猪的免疫系统,降低其免疫力,使得仔猪容易感染其他疾病,降低仔猪的成活率,并且长期使用抗生素会导致药物在仔猪体内残留,人类食用后对健康产生潜在的危害。
发明内容
鉴于此,本发明提出一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料及其制备方法,解决上述问题。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料:包括以下重量份原料:玉米50-80份、豆粕18-25份、鱼粉5-10份、复合酸化剂1-3份、抗菌剂3-5份、草药酵素2-5份。
进-步的,一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料,包括以下重量份原料:玉米70份、豆粕22份、鱼粉8份、复合酸化剂2份、抗菌剂4份、草药酵素3份。
进-步的,所述复合酸化剂为质量比为(3.5-5.2):(8.3-10.5):(1.2-4.2)的富马酸、延胡索酸和甲酸钙。
进-步的,所述抗菌剂为质量比为(15-33):(2-5):(8-12)的天蚕素、蛙皮素和蜂毒素。
进-步的,所述草药酵素包括以下重量原料:地胆头2-6克、黄芩甙1-3克、诃子3-7克、绞股蓝2-5克、白头翁1-3克、龙胆草1-3克、复合菌0.02-0.08克。
进-步的,所述草药酵素包括以下重量原料:地胆头4克、黄芩甙2克、诃子5克、猪牙菜7克、绞股蓝4克、白头翁2克、龙胆草2克、复合菌0.05克。
进-步的,所述草药酵素采用以下制备方法制得:将上述草药洗净,去除杂质,将其混合研磨、粉碎、烘干,加入复合菌在30-40℃下避光发酵12-24h,所述复合菌为质量2-5:8的葡萄牙棒孢酵母和黑曲霉菌,分离过滤,除菌,得到发酵液,均质,得到草药酵素。
进-步的,一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、准备原料:将上述玉米、豆粕粉碎,加入鱼粉、复合酸化剂混合搅拌均匀,得到混料I;
S2、混合原料:将抗菌剂、草药酵素加入到上述混料I中,在超声波作用下充分搅拌20-60min,得到混料II;
S3、均质:将混料II进行1-3次均质,每次均质间隔20-50min,得到均质液;
S4、制粒、包装:将均质液加入到制粒机中制粒,冷却,颗粒筛分,成品经计量,包装得到最终产品。
进-步的,所述S2中超声波功率为300-500W,频率为98-105kHz。
进-步的,所述S3的均质压力为15-55MPa,均质温度28-33℃,均质时间12-25min。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明的微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料通过各原料成分之间的科学复配,协同发挥其作用,能够帮助机体吸收饲料及日粮中的营养物质,有效提升仔猪的生长性能,降低腹泻率,提高仔猪的成活率,提升仔猪饲料的表观消化率,提高仔猪的新陈代谢水平,有效增强机体抗氧化能力和仔猪免疫能力,促进仔猪生长性能的发挥;其中,加入复合酸化剂,解决仔猪胃酸分泌不足的问题,优化复合酸配比,使有机酸在胃肠中缓释,合理激活胃蛋白酶,可降低仔猪胃肠道pH,有效抑制有害菌群,减少厌食、腹泻等相关疫病发生。利用微生物发酵技术处理中草药和饲料能有效改善饲料的营养品质和生物活性,作为抗生素替代品提高畜禽的免疫功能、肠道健康,降低病原微生物抗性问题,本发明的仔猪饲料具有环保、可持续发展等优势,可提高肉质和产品安全性,可推动畜牧养殖业的绿色发展。
具体实施方式
为了更好理解本发明技术内容,下面提供具体实施例,对本发明做进-步的说明。
本发明实施例所用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
本发明实施例所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料,包括以下重量份原料:玉米50份、豆粕18份、鱼粉5份、复合酸化剂1份、抗菌剂3份、草药酵素2份;所述复合酸化剂为质量比为3.5:8.3:1.2的富马酸、延胡索酸和甲酸钙;所述抗菌剂为质量比为15:2:8的天蚕素、蛙皮素和蜂毒素;所述草药酵素包括以下重量原料:地胆头2克、黄芩甙1克、诃子3克、绞股蓝2克、白头翁1克、龙胆草1克、复合菌0.02克;
所述草药酵素采用以下制备方法制得:将上述草药洗净,去除杂质,将其混合研磨、粉碎、烘干,加入复合菌在30℃下避光发酵12h,所述复合菌为质量2:8的葡萄牙棒孢酵母和黑曲霉菌,分离过滤,除菌,得到发酵液,均质,得到草药酵素。
实施例2
一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料,包括以下重量份原料:玉米80份、豆粕25份、鱼粉10份、复合酸化剂3份、抗菌剂5份、草药酵素5份;所述复合酸化剂为质量比为5.2:10.5:4.2的富马酸、延胡索酸和甲酸钙;所述抗菌剂为质量比为33:5:12的天蚕素、蛙皮素和蜂毒素;所述草药酵素包括以下重量原料:地胆头6克、黄芩甙3克、诃子7克、绞股蓝5克、白头翁3克、龙胆草3克、复合菌0.08克;
所述草药酵素采用以下制备方法制得:将上述草药洗净,去除杂质,将其混合研磨、粉碎、烘干,加入复合菌在40℃下避光发酵24h,所述复合菌为质量5:8的葡萄牙棒孢酵母和黑曲霉菌,分离过滤,除菌,得到发酵液,均质,得到草药酵素。
实施例3
一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料,包括以下重量份原料:玉米70份、豆粕22份、鱼粉8份、复合酸化剂2份、抗菌剂4份、草药酵素3份;所述复合酸化剂为质量比为4.5:9.1:2.8的富马酸、延胡索酸和甲酸钙;所述抗菌剂为质量比为25:3:10的天蚕素、蛙皮素和蜂毒素;所述草药酵素包括以下重量原料:地胆头4克、黄芩甙2克、诃子5克、猪牙菜7克、绞股蓝4克、白头翁2克、龙胆草2克、复合菌0.05克;
所述草药酵素采用以下制备方法制得:将上述草药洗净,去除杂质,将其混合研磨、粉碎、烘干,加入复合菌在35℃下避光发酵18h,所述复合菌为质量3:8的葡萄牙棒孢酵母和黑曲霉菌,分离过滤,除菌,得到发酵液,均质,得到草药酵素;
上述实施例1-3采用以下制备方法:
S1、准备原料:将上述玉米、豆粕粉碎,加入鱼粉、复合酸化剂混合搅拌均匀,得到混料I;
S2、混合原料:将抗菌剂、草药酵素加入到上述混料I中,在超声波作用下充分搅拌40min,超声波功率为400W,频率为100kHz,得到混料II;
S3、均质:将混料II进行2次均质,均质压力为40MPa,均质温度30℃,均质时间18min,每次均质间隔35min,得到均质液;
S4、制粒、包装:将均质液加入到制粒机中制粒,冷却,颗粒筛分,成品经计量,包装得到最终产品。
实施例4
一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料,包括以下重量份原料:玉米70份、豆粕22份、鱼粉8份、复合酸化剂2份、抗菌剂4份、草药酵素3份;所述复合酸化剂为质量比为4.5:9.1:2.8的富马酸、延胡索酸和甲酸钙;所述抗菌剂为质量比为25:3:10的天蚕素、蛙皮素和蜂毒素;所述草药酵素包括以下重量原料:地胆头4克、黄芩甙2克、诃子5克、猪牙菜7克、绞股蓝4克、白头翁2克、龙胆草2克、复合菌0.05克;
所述草药酵素采用以下制备方法制得:将上述草药洗净,去除杂质,将其混合研磨、粉碎、烘干,加入复合菌在35℃下避光发酵18h,所述复合菌为质量3:8的葡萄牙棒孢酵母和黑曲霉菌,分离过滤,除菌,得到发酵液,均质,得到草药酵素;
上述实施例4采用以下制备方法:
S1、准备原料:将上述玉米、豆粕粉碎,加入鱼粉、复合酸化剂混合搅拌均匀,得到混料I;
S2、混合原料:将抗菌剂、草药酵素加入到上述混料I中,在超声波作用下充分搅拌20min,超声波功率为300W,频率为98kHz,得到混料II;
S3、均质:将混料II进行1次均质,均质压力为15MPa,均质温度28℃,均质时间12min,每次均质间隔20min,得到均质液;
S4、制粒、包装:将均质液加入到制粒机中制粒,冷却,颗粒筛分,成品经计量,包装得到最终产品。
实施例5
一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料,包括以下重量份原料:玉米70份、豆粕22份、鱼粉8份、复合酸化剂2份、抗菌剂4份、草药酵素3份;所述复合酸化剂为质量比为4.5:9.1:2.8的富马酸、延胡索酸和甲酸钙;所述抗菌剂为质量比为25:3:10的天蚕素、蛙皮素和蜂毒素;所述草药酵素包括以下重量原料:地胆头4克、黄芩甙2克、诃子5克、猪牙菜7克、绞股蓝4克、白头翁2克、龙胆草2克、复合菌0.05克;
所述草药酵素采用以下制备方法制得:将上述草药洗净,去除杂质,将其混合研磨、粉碎、烘干,加入复合菌在35℃下避光发酵18h,所述复合菌为质量3:8的葡萄牙棒孢酵母和黑曲霉菌,分离过滤,除菌,得到发酵液,均质,得到草药酵素;
上述实施例5采用以下制备方法:
S1、准备原料:将上述玉米、豆粕粉碎,加入鱼粉、复合酸化剂混合搅拌均匀,得到混料I;
S2、混合原料:将抗菌剂、草药酵素加入到上述混料I中,在超声波作用下充分搅拌60min,超声波功率为500W,频率为105kHz,得到混料II;
S3、均质:将混料II进行3次均质,均质压力为55MPa,均质温度33℃,均质时间25min,每次均质间隔50min,得到均质液;
S4、制粒、包装:将均质液加入到制粒机中制粒,冷却,颗粒筛分,成品经计量,包装得到最终产品。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例3的区别在于,一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料:包括以下重量份原料:玉米30份、豆粕10份、鱼粉12份、复合酸化剂5份、抗菌剂8份、草药酵素1份。
对比例2
本对比例与实施例3的区别在于,所述仔猪饲料原料中不含有复合酸化剂。
对比例3
本对比例与实施例3的区别在于,所述仔猪饲料原料中不含有草药酵素。
将上述实施例1-5和对比例1-3制得的微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料进行测试,本试验于养猪场内进行,选择健康无病、体质量相近的28日龄仔猪120头,随机分为8组,每组15头,进行3次重复试验,分别在基础日粮中添加本发明的仔猪饲料,试验期为30天。
试验例1-仔猪生长性能指标检测
准确记录仔猪的初生重、末重,统计仔猪的腹泻数量,计算平均日增重、腹泻率、成活率;
日增重=(末重-初重)/试验天数;
腹泻率=(腹泻头数/腹泻天数)/(试验头数×试验天数)×100%;
成活率=成活仔猪数量/出生数量×100%。
数据统计:
结果显示:本发明的仔猪饲料能够帮助机体吸收饲料及日粮中的营养物质,有效提升仔猪的生长性能,降低腹泻率,提高仔猪的成活率;从对比例中可知,对比例1改变本发明的配方比例,在一定程度上降低其日增重和成活率,说明在一定科学配比下,将其各个原料之间复合能达到较佳的水平,维持肠道体内微生物稳态平衡,改善仔猪肠道健康,促进肠道有益菌生长,从而降低仔猪的腹泻率,提高仔猪的生长性能;
对比例2中可说明,本发明调配的复合酸化剂,优化酸配比,增强缓冲能力,合理激活胃蛋白酶,改善仔猪的胃肠道微生物菌群结构,显著提高仔猪的平均日增重量,达到621.6g/日,同时还可以刺激免疫反应,增强仔猪的免疫力,降低疾病的发生率;
对比例3中未加入本发明的草药酵素,本发明将草药的活性成分按照配伍原则进行复配,得到草药酵素加入到饲料中,活性成分可以刺激免疫细胞活性,增强其吞噬能力和细胞毒性,从而提高仔猪抵抗病原微生物侵入的能力,调节免疫细胞的产生,从而增强细胞的免疫反应,减轻炎症反应,微生物发酵饲料中的活性成分具有抗氧化作用,可以清除体内自由基,减轻氧化应激带来的损伤,有助于维持仔猪的健康状态,降低疾病发生率,提高成活率。
试验例2-消化率检测
采用内源指示剂酸不溶灰分法(AIA)测定养分的表观消化率,在试验后三天时留取当天饲料样品200g,在试验最后三天清晨喂养前收取各组剩余饲料和仔猪粪便并称重记录,留取各组仔猪粪便样品500g,加10%稀硫酸20mL,混匀后干燥,备用待测,采用相应国标方法测定饲料及粪样中物质含量,
a.干物质采用《饲料中水分的测定》(GB/T6435-2014)方法;
b.粗蛋白采用《饲料中粗蛋白的测定》(GB/T6432-2018)方法;
c.粗脂肪(EE)采用《饲料中粗脂肪的测定》(GB/T6433-2006)方法;
d.粗纤维(CF)采用《饲料中粗纤维的含量测定》(GB/T6434-2006)方法;
e.钙采用《饲料中钙的测定》(GB/T6436-2018)方法;
f.总磷采用《饲料中总磷的测定》(GB/T6437-2018)方法;
g.酸不溶灰分采用《饲料中盐酸不容灰分的测定》(GB/T23742-2009)方法。
饲料养分表观消化率(ATTD)的计算公式为:
式中:AIAd为日粮中酸不溶灰分的含量:Nf为类样中养分的含量;AIAf为粪样中酸不溶灰分的含量;Nd为日粮中养分的含量。
仔猪饲料营养物质的表观消化率测定结果
上述结果表示,本发明的仔猪饲料能够提升仔猪饲料的表观消化率,提高仔猪的新陈代谢水平,有效增强机体抗氧化能力和仔猪免疫能力,促进仔猪生长性能的发挥。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料,其特征在于:包括以下重量份原料:玉米50-80份、豆粕18-25份、鱼粉5-10份、复合酸化剂1-3份、抗菌剂3-5份、草药酵素2-5份。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料,其特征在于:包括以下重量份原料:玉米70份、豆粕22份、鱼粉8份、复合酸化剂2份、抗菌剂4份、草药酵素3份。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料,其特征在于:所述复合酸化剂为质量比为(3.5-5.2):(8.3-10.5):(1.2-4.2)的富马酸、延胡索酸和甲酸钙。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料,其特征在于:所述抗菌剂为质量比为(15-33):(2-5):(8-12)的天蚕素、蛙皮素和蜂毒素。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料,其特征在于:所述草药酵素包括以下重量原料:地胆头2-6克、黄芩甙1-3克、诃子3-7克、绞股蓝2-5克、白头翁1-3克、龙胆草1-3克、复合菌0.02-0.08克。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料,其特征在于:所述草药酵素包括以下重量原料:地胆头4克、黄芩甙2克、诃子5克、猪牙菜7克、绞股蓝4克、白头翁2克、龙胆草2克、复合菌0.05克。
7.如权利要求6所述的一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料,其特征在于:所述草药酵素采用以下制备方法制得:将上述草药洗净,去除杂质,将其混合研磨、粉碎、烘干,加入复合菌在30-40℃下避光发酵12-24h,所述复合菌为质量2-5:8的葡萄牙棒孢酵母和黑曲霉菌,分离过滤,除菌,得到发酵液,均质,得到草药酵素。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
S1、准备原料:将上述玉米、豆粕粉碎,加入鱼粉、复合酸化剂混合搅拌均匀,得到混料I;
S2、混合原料:将抗菌剂、草药酵素加入到上述混料I中,在超声波作用下充分搅拌20-60min,得到混料II;
S3、均质:将混料II进行1-3次均质,每次均质间隔20-50min,得到均质液;
S4、制粒、包装:将均质液加入到制粒机中制粒,冷却,颗粒筛分,成品经计量,包装得到最终产品。
9.如权利要求8所述的一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述S2中超声波功率为300-500W,频率为98-105kHz。
10.如权利要求8所述的一种微生态保育增重型断奶仔猪饲料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述S3的均质压力为15-55MPa,均质温度28-33℃,均质时间12-25min。
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