CN1175942C - 施涂方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
将氨基树脂胶粘体系的树脂和硬化剂组分单独施涂到基材上的方法,其特征在于硬化剂包括挥发性酸和任选的低于20wt%填料,其中胶粘体系的组分以线条的形式或喷涂方式,或者它们的任何组合方式,以任选的施涂次序施涂。本发明也涉及用于本方法中的硬化剂组合物和适合实施该方法的装置。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供将包括氨基树脂和硬化剂组分的胶粘体系单独施涂到基材上的方法。本发明还提供能够用于本方法中的包括挥发性酸的硬化剂组合物和实施该方法的装置。
优选首先施涂优选呈线条形式的树脂组分,随后施涂硬化剂组分。本方法例如能用在胶合层积材或胶合板的生产中。
背景技术
胶粘体系组分单独施涂到基材如木片上属于本领域是公知内容并对所用组分的特性设定了一定限制。如本领域已知的那样,通过保持不同组分(通常仅有树脂和硬化剂组分)在施涂装置中相互分离,提供许多优点。尤其从使用适用期,操作和清洗的观点来看,单独施涂胶粘体系组分优于施涂上述组分的混合物。
在EP0 362 742中,建议通过两种组分的幕涂,或者一种组分幕涂,另一种组分以线条形式施涂的方式,将尤其氨基树脂胶粘体系单独施涂到木质组件上。然而,它没有说明上述组分施涂的优选次序。在给出的实施例中,仅使用了酚-间苯二酚-甲醛树脂胶粘体系。
WO97/29161涉及用于生产层压木板的两组分胶粘体系,仅概括地提及了蜜胺胶的单独施涂方法。既没有建议特定的方法,也没有建议组分的具体施涂顺序。所用的硬化剂组分含有20-40wt%无机填料。
然而,在实践中,业已发现,对于单独施涂,当象常见情况那样仅使用少量硬化剂时,幕涂很难实现好的胶粘结果,这是因为很难确保形成仅呈现较小流动性的连续和均匀的幕,可能导致受到毁损的胶粘结果,以及胶合接缝强度降低。此外,幕甚至容易受到微风吹拂产生的不利影响。而且,同样发现,在硬化剂组分中有高用量如20-40wt%填料抑制施涂组分在基材上充分混合。
而且,人们仍在寻找技术解决办法来发现用于单独施涂胶粘体系组分的简单施涂体系,该体系能够被调节成所述胶粘体系和所需的组装时间。组装时间指从将胶粘体系施涂到基材上的时刻至压合有待被胶粘在一起的基材的时刻所经过的时间。
发明内容
因此,本发明提供氨基树脂胶粘体系的施涂方法,适合用于本方法的硬化剂组合物和用于实施该方法的装置,由此克服了上述问题。
本发明方法被定义在所附权利要求书中。它包括将氨基树脂胶粘体系的树脂和硬化剂组分单独施涂到基材上,其中硬化剂包括挥发性酸和任选的用量低于20wt%的填料以及胶粘体系的组分以线条形式或喷涂方式或它们的任何组合方式以任意的施涂顺序施涂。
在本发明方法中所用的氨基树脂可以是任何氨基树脂,如脲-甲醛,蜜胺-脲-甲醛,蜜胺-甲醛,蜜胺-脲-酚-甲醛树脂,和它们的糠醇改性的变体,优选的树脂是蜜胺-脲-甲醛。
根据本方法,将氨基树脂和适合的硬化剂单独施涂到木质基材上。在本方法中,树脂组分优选首先以线条形式施涂,其后硬化剂以线条的形式施涂,或者作为可供选择的替换方式,通过喷涂来施涂。通过使用本发明的优选施涂次序,由于使用硬化剂而导致的对基材例如木材的任何损坏都已被最大限度地降低。
取决于胶粘体系中组分的反应活性、所需的组装时间、对于基材被硬化剂中所用酸造成的损害和酸蒸汽向周围氛围如工作环境中排放的特殊考虑,后来施涂的线条分别可重叠,不重叠,或不接触相应的先前施涂的其它组分的线条。
这里使用的术语“线条”也包括本领域常用术语“条带”和任何其它类似术语的含义。
本发明也提供了与氨基树脂胶粘体系结合使用的硬化剂组合物。该硬化剂组合物可被用于本发明方法以便使胶粘体系更快固化和获得具有更高强度的接合缝。
作为氨基树脂胶粘体系的硬化剂组分的必要成分的酸被包括在其中。当使用腐蚀性酸时,在胶粘产品中的残留酸可对基材或接合缝产生有害效果,降低基材和/或接合缝的强度,和/或酸引起基材变色,这是非常不希望有的。
因此,本发明的硬化剂组合物包括挥发性酸,它容易被蒸发,以致没有有害量的酸残留在所形成的胶接缝中,如果需要,也能够使用相对大量的酸(和硬化剂)以便获得快速固化体系。
本发明的装置定义在所附权利要求书中,能够用于实施该方法,其中胶粘体系的组分以线条形式施涂到基材上。
根据本发明方法,也能够首先施涂硬化剂组分,接着施涂树脂组分,同时优选的施涂次序是首先施涂硬化剂组分,接着施涂树脂组分。
除了挥发性酸以外,该硬化剂也能够包括水,增稠剂,间苯二酚,和任选的相对低用量填料。
硬化剂可以无填料,或含有例如适宜地为至少1wt%和优选至少5wt%用量填料。
用于本发明方法的硬化剂组合物包括:
至多50wt%,适宜为5-30%,优选10-30%和最优选10-25%挥发性酸,和
适宜低于20wt%,优选低于15%和最优选低于10%填料。
如果有的话,填料的用量经常可在具体的情况下适宜确定。然而,如在下文中实施例1所示,填料的用量越高,所形成的接合缝的强度会降低。
适宜的填料例如包括高岭土。
这里使用的术语“挥发性酸”被理解为:具有低沸点,和/或在室温下具有低蒸汽压力。上述酸在至多60℃的温度下适宜具有低于10mmHg的蒸汽压力。
适宜的酸例如是有机和无机酸,而有机酸是优选的。优选的有机酸包括例如甲酸,乙酸和丙酮酸(pyrovic acid)。适合的无机酸包括例如盐酸。优选使用甲酸。
高比例的酸使胶粘体系更快固化。通过使用容易被蒸发的挥发性酸,能够使用相对于树脂来说更大用量的硬化剂,如大约1∶6-1∶1,适宜为1∶4-1∶1,优选1∶3.5-1∶2的硬化剂与树脂的重量比,得到更高强度的接合缝和更快固化体系,如下文实施例2所示。
因此,在优选的实施方案中,如本文所定义的那样,硬化剂组合物包括相对低的填料量,相对高的挥发性酸量和相对高的硬化剂与树脂重量比。
在本发明方法中,树脂和硬化剂组分能够以任何次序以线条形式或喷涂方式施涂,更适合地,树脂和硬化剂以线条形式施涂,或者,硬化剂组分可以喷涂方式和树脂以线条形式施涂,其中硬化剂在这两种情况下均优先被施涂,接着施涂树脂。它们均优选以线条形式施涂。
取决于胶粘体系的组分的反应活性和所需的组装时间,不同组分如硬化剂和树脂的线条能够以不同的适合方式彼此施涂。因此,对于低反应活性/慢固化胶粘体系,和/或短组装时间,适宜的作法是后来施涂的一种组分的线条重叠相应的先前施涂的组分的线条,或它们彼此邻接施涂以使它们互相基本接触。当使用高反应活性/快固化胶粘体系和/或需要长组装时间时,适宜的作法是后来施涂的一种组分的线条以相对于先前施涂组分的相应线条的一定距离来施涂。对于大约60-120分钟的组装时间,在胶粘体系的不同组分如硬化剂和树脂的线条之间大约4-8mm的距离是适合的,对于大约15-60分钟的组装时间来说,大约2-4mm的距离是优选的,以及对于大约至多15分钟的组装时间来说,线条的重叠或它们之间基本接触是优选的。
然而,当避免硬化剂组分与基材接触是主要问题时,例如为了使基材免受树脂组分损害,应该以理想的方式施涂树脂组分以使线条在基材上形成连续层,在该层表面上随后以线条形式或以喷涂方式施涂硬化剂。
在两种组分以线条形式施涂的情况下,优选将硬化剂施涂在树脂线条的上面,从而可以避免硬化剂与基材产生任何不希望的接触并且强化各组分的混合。
因此,在本发明方法的一个实施方案中,硬化剂施涂在树脂线条的上面。在该实施方案中,甚至可以设想使用硬化剂或具有多种组分的硬化剂,这种方法也使基材得到了理想的保护,而没有损害基材或降低所形成的胶接合缝强度。
在该方式中,基材避免了与硬化剂的直接接触而得到了保护,这通常是非常希望的。在第一片基材上硬化剂施涂在树脂组分的表面上,而另一片与第一片胶合在一起,当片材被放在一起进行压合的时候,一些酸会扩散或迁移到树脂组分中。因此硬化剂中的酸与有待与第一片基材胶合的第二片基材进行的直接接触被限制到了一定程度。本方法允许使用相对大量的挥发性酸。
相反次序的施涂,即首先施涂硬化剂,也是可能的,不过不是优选的。例如在其中希望避免或最大限度地减少酸蒸汽散发到周围大气如工作环境中的情况下能够使用这种施涂次序,如果所用酸对特定基材无害的话尤为如此。例如在使用可发泡的胶粘体系时,为了避免产生的气体逸散到大气中,这种施涂次序也是有利的。
而且,如果需要或要求,硬化剂可分成一种或多种线条,它们具有挥发性酸和填料量不同的组成,并单独施涂。
能用于本发明方法的以线条形式施涂两种组分的适合装置包括具有至少两个中空部件的单元,其中至少一个部件用于每一组分,在各部件中有许多设计用来施涂各组分到在上述中空部件之下的基材上以形成线条的孔,中空部件被定位在施涂平面之上,其中一个中空部件的各孔在加工方向上相对于其它中空部件的相应孔呈直线排列。该装置能使胶粘体系的组分,如树脂和硬化剂施涂到基材上,其中后来施涂的一种组分的线条重叠在先前施涂的其它线条上。
能用于本发明方法的以线条形式施涂两种组分的另一种适合装置包括具有至少两个中空部件的单元,其中至少一个部件用于每一种组分,在各部件中有许多设计用来施涂各组分到在上述中空部件之下的基材上以形成线条的孔,中空部件被定位在施涂平面之上,其中一个中空部件的各孔在加工方向上相对于其它中空部件的相应孔平行设置。该装置能使胶粘体系的组分如树脂和硬化剂施涂到基材上,取决于所用的胶粘体系和所需组装时间,其中后来施涂的一种组分的线条以相对于先前施涂的其它组分的线条一定距离来施涂。
通过使用这样一种装置,当首先施涂树脂组分时,也能够容易调节树脂组分的线条施涂,以便在被施涂到基材上的时候,上述线条聚结形成基本连续层,硬化剂能够以线条形式或喷涂方式施涂到它的上面。
施涂到基材上的组分的用量在大约200-500g/m2的范围内,则施涂能够便利地进行。
适合的进料速度为至多大约300m/min,更适宜30-250m/min,和优选60-200m/min。在30m/min以下的进料速度会由于从孔射出不连续线条(也称为淋滴)导致难以计量。
实施例
实施例1
由具有下列尺寸的薄板制造横梁:
长=280mm
厚=33mm
宽=145mm
将以下所列用量的作为填料的高岭土加入到包括17wt%已加到水中的甲酸的用于本实施例的硬化剂中,其中用量30%不是本发明的实施例,以及此后通过聚乙烯醇将硬化剂增稠到在25℃下2000mPas的粘度。
树脂和硬化剂组分以线条形式,以优选的次序,以400g/m2的总量单独施涂。所用硬化剂与树脂之比为30∶100,所用树脂为蜜胺-脲-甲醛。
在压合中所用的时间和温度以及所用压力分别是20℃,20h,和8巴。
压合后,接合缝稳定一天,根据EN-391-B1周期来层离横梁。得到了以下结果:
接合缝
硬化剂中填料含量
层离%
1 0% 0.0
2 5% 2.0
3 15% 6.1
4(对比) 30% 24.0
实施例2
由具有下列尺寸的薄板制造横梁:
长=280mm
厚=33mm
宽=145mm
用于本实施例的硬化剂由加到水中的17wt%甲酸组成,并由聚乙烯醇增稠到在25℃下2000mPas的粘度。
施涂和压合用与实施例1相同的方式使用同样的树脂进行。
在压合和接合缝稳定1天后,根据EN-391-B1周期来层离横梁。得到了以下结果:
接合缝
树脂/硬化剂之比
层离%
1 100∶15 11.5
2 100∶20 12.0
3 100∶30 0.0
本发明的方法也能够用于可发泡的氨基树脂胶粘体系的树脂和硬化剂组分的单独施涂,其中上述硬化剂组分是酸性的,树脂组分包括一种或多种当与上述硬化剂组分接触时能产生气体的产气物质,其中也能够使用本发明的硬化剂。适合的相应树脂组分例如包括0.1-10wt%这类产气物质,以纯的,活性形式的上述物质计算。
Claims (11)
1、将氨基树脂胶粘体系的树脂和硬化剂组分单独施涂到基材上的方法,其特征在于硬化剂组分包括挥发性酸和0wt%至少于20wt%的填料,其中胶粘体系的组分以线条形式或喷涂方式,或者它们的任何组合形式以任选的施涂次序施涂。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于树脂组分以线条形式施涂,其后硬化剂组分以喷涂方式施涂。
3、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于胶粘体系的组分以线条形式以任选的次序单独施涂于基材上。
4、根据权利要求3的方法,其特征在于后来施涂的一种组分的线条基本上重叠相应的先前施涂的其它组分的线条。
5、根据权利要求4的方法,其特征在于硬化剂组分以线条形式施涂在以线条形式施涂的树脂组分的表面上。
6、根据权利要求3的方法,其特征在于后来施涂的一种组分的线条不与相应的先前施涂的其它组分的线条重叠。
7、根据权利要求3的方法,其特征在于后来施涂的一种组分的线条不接触相应的先前施涂的其它组分的线条。
8、根据权利要求1-7中任一项的方法,其特征在于硬化剂组分包括10-30wt%挥发性酸。
9、根据权利要求1-7中任一项的方法,其特征在于硬化剂组分与树脂的重量比为1∶3.5-1∶2。
10、根据权利要求1-7中任一项的方法,其特征在于树脂组分选自蜜胺-脲-甲醛,脲-甲醛,或蜜胺-甲醛树脂。
11、根据权利要求1-7中任一项的方法,其特征在于硬化剂组分包含0wt%至少于10wt%的填料。
Applications Claiming Priority (19)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9802224A SE9802224D0 (sv) | 1998-06-22 | 1998-06-22 | Method for application of a gluing system |
SE9802223A SE9802223D0 (sv) | 1998-06-22 | 1998-06-22 | Method of application |
SE9802222A SE9802222D0 (sv) | 1998-06-22 | 1998-06-22 | Device and method for application of a gluing system |
SE98022247 | 1998-06-22 | ||
SE98022239 | 1998-06-22 | ||
SE98022221 | 1998-06-22 | ||
US9143898P | 1998-07-01 | 1998-07-01 | |
US9144298P | 1998-07-01 | 1998-07-01 | |
US9144098P | 1998-07-01 | 1998-07-01 | |
US60/091,442 | 1998-07-01 | ||
US60/091,440 | 1998-07-01 | ||
US60/091,438 | 1998-07-01 | ||
SE9803550A SE9803550D0 (sv) | 1998-10-16 | 1998-10-16 | Method of application |
SE9803549A SE9803549D0 (sv) | 1998-10-16 | 1998-10-16 | Device and method for application of a gluing system |
SE9803551A SE9803551D0 (sv) | 1998-10-16 | 1998-10-16 | Method for application of a gluing system |
SE98035512 | 1998-10-16 | ||
SE60/091,440 | 1998-10-16 | ||
SE98035496 | 1998-10-16 | ||
SE98035504 | 1998-10-16 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1306462A CN1306462A (zh) | 2001-08-01 |
CN1175942C true CN1175942C (zh) | 2004-11-17 |
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CNB998076759A Expired - Fee Related CN1175942C (zh) | 1998-06-22 | 1999-06-16 | 施涂方法 |
CN99807744A Expired - Fee Related CN1099322C (zh) | 1998-06-22 | 1999-06-16 | 敷设胶粘系统的装置和方法 |
CNB998076775A Expired - Fee Related CN1162492C (zh) | 1998-06-22 | 1999-06-16 | 可发泡胶粘体系的施涂方法 |
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CN99807744A Expired - Fee Related CN1099322C (zh) | 1998-06-22 | 1999-06-16 | 敷设胶粘系统的装置和方法 |
CNB998076775A Expired - Fee Related CN1162492C (zh) | 1998-06-22 | 1999-06-16 | 可发泡胶粘体系的施涂方法 |
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US (2) | US6428845B1 (zh) |
EP (3) | EP1093401B1 (zh) |
JP (3) | JP4562912B2 (zh) |
CN (3) | CN1175942C (zh) |
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CA (3) | CA2335325C (zh) |
CZ (3) | CZ293403B6 (zh) |
DE (5) | DE1089827T1 (zh) |
DK (3) | DK1095114T3 (zh) |
EE (3) | EE03930B1 (zh) |
ES (3) | ES2181454T3 (zh) |
ID (2) | ID27368A (zh) |
NO (3) | NO20006511L (zh) |
NZ (2) | NZ508485A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL190766B1 (zh) |
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DE10220382A1 (de) * | 2002-05-07 | 2003-11-20 | Basf Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Auftragen von Leim- und Härterkomponenten |
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