CN117502130A - Drought-resistant melon and fruit planting method - Google Patents
Drought-resistant melon and fruit planting method Download PDFInfo
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- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 title claims abstract 16
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- 235000012828 Citrullus lanatus var citroides Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 71
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- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005842 Thiophanate-methyl Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MZILPZDBVFUXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([S])=O Chemical compound [O-][N+]([S])=O MZILPZDBVFUXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004400 mucous membrane Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate-methyl Chemical compound COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000010211 insect pollination Effects 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 244000241257 Cucumis melo Species 0.000 description 43
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- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000012868 Overgrowth Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009847 Cucumis melo var cantalupensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000001717 Vaccinium macrocarpon Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012545 Vaccinium macrocarpon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002118 Vaccinium oxycoccus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- 235000004634 cranberry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a melon and fruit planting method for drought resistance, which belongs to the technical field of melon and fruit planting and comprises the following steps: s1, variety selection: selecting high-quality watermelon seeds according to market demands and planting conditions; s2, seed seedling raising: accelerating germination of watermelon seeds, preparing a seedbed to seed the watermelon seeds, and transplanting seedlings when the seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves; s3, planting seedlings: selecting a planting field, and transplanting seedlings into the planting field; s4, planting management: pruning; pressing tendrils; artificial supplementary pollination; topdressing; moisture, ensuring adequate moisture supply. The invention solves the problems that the conventional watermelon cannot resist drought during planting, and the watermelon cannot normally grow, so that the watermelon planting effect is poor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of melon and fruit planting, in particular to a melon and fruit planting method for drought resistance.
Background
Melon and fruit, also generally referred to as fruit, belong to the family of melon plants, including watermelon, cantaloupe, melon, etc.; these fruits are often hard and juicy in nature, contain rich moisture and nutrients such as vitamin C, cellulose, etc., often have different colors and textures on their outer skin and sweet flesh on the inside, and are particularly popular in summer because they provide cooling and moisturizing as well as a healthy snack option. Among them, watermelon is one of the most popular fruits in summer.
The existing watermelons cannot resist drought during planting, so that the watermelons cannot grow normally, and the watermelon planting effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a drought-resistant melon and fruit planting method which can effectively resist drought, fully ensure normal growth of watermelons, ensure good watermelon planting effect and solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a melon and fruit planting method for drought resistance comprises the following steps:
s1, variety selection:
according to market demands and planting conditions, selecting high-quality watermelon seeds with complete shape, smooth surface, no plant diseases and insect pests and high freshness, and after the watermelon seeds are selected, placing the watermelon seeds in a cool and ventilated place for storage;
s2, seed seedling raising:
accelerating germination of watermelon seeds, preparing a seedbed, sowing watermelon seeds, placing the watermelon seeds with bud tips in a nutrition pot, covering fine soil with a thickness of 1 cm, covering with a film, controlling the temperature in the seedbed at 28-35 ℃ in daytime and 20-25 ℃ at night after sowing, maintaining 20-25 ℃ in daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night after 80% of the seeds break soil and emerge, and transplanting seedlings when seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves;
s3, planting seedlings:
selecting sandy soil with loose soil, good air permeability, good drainage property and high water holding capacity and high organic matter content as a planting field, and transplanting seedlings into the planting field without melon crops planted in the dry field within 5 years and the paddy field within 3 years;
s4, planting management:
pruning: properly arranging seedling vines of the watermelons, leaving main vines or side vines, and wiping off redundant branches and vines;
pressing tendrils: fixing the tendrils by adopting soil or branches to enable the pressed joint positions to generate adventitious roots;
artificial supplementary pollination: selecting and reserving 2 nd female flowers and 3 rd female flowers on the main vines or 1 st female flowers and 2 nd female flowers on the side vines, sitting melons, and adopting artificial supplementary pollination in low temperature or overcast and rainy weather;
topdressing: when the young melon grows to the egg size, dressing a melon expanding fertilizer according to the plant growth vigor, and generally dressing 15-20 kg of 45% nitro-sulfur or potassium sulfate controlled release fertilizer every 667 square meters;
moisture content: the seedling stage is little watered, the water is controlled in the flowering and fruit setting stage, the sufficient water supply is ensured after fruit setting, and the watering is not performed 7-10 days before harvesting.
Preferably, in the step S2, during germination, the selected watermelon seeds are sun-dried for 1-2 days before sowing, after the watermelon seeds are sun-dried, the seeds are soaked in warm water at 30-35 ℃ for 6 hours, after the watermelon seeds are fished out, the cleaned towel is wrapped to rub off the mucous membrane, the seeds are soaked in 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder which is 1000 times of the liquid for 4 hours again, the seeds are taken out, the liquid medicine is washed by clean water, and germination is performed at the temperature of 30-35 ℃.
Preferably, in the step S2, when preparing the seedbed, selecting a land with high dryness in topography and convenient management, building the seedbed, growing seedlings of early spring watermelons in a greenhouse or a greenhouse, paving an electric wire to improve the soil temperature, covering the seedbed with a small arch shed, growing seedlings of watermelons after autumn delay, building a sunshade, loosening nutrient soil, avoiding diseases and insect pests, applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers according to a proportion, adding 5 kg of decomposed chicken and duck manure into each cubic meter of soil, mashing and sieving the soil and the fertilizers, keeping the particles, adding a proper amount of water for full mixing, growing seedlings by adopting a nutrition pot, filling the nutrition soil into the nutrition pot, and orderly arranging the nutrition soil in the seedbed.
Preferably, in the step S3, when seedlings are transplanted into the planting field, 1500-2000 kg of farmyard manure is applied every 667 square meters, 10-15 kg of phosphate fertilizer is applied, 20-25 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied, 2 rows of wide-furrow field planting are performed, 1 row of narrow-furrow field planting is performed, 1500-1800 plants are field planted every 667 square meters, seedling holes are filled with fine soil, root water is poured with human animal manure and medicines, a film is covered while transplanting, the film is tightly adhered to the soil moisture surface, the periphery is sealed, and the broken film is tightly sealed with fine soil.
Preferably, in the step S4, the pruning mode is divided into double-vine pruning and triple-vine pruning according to different varieties, planting densities and soil fertility, wherein the double-vine pruning is to keep the main vines and the robust side vines of the main vine base 1, remove the rest of the side vines, and keep the two main vines to lead to the same direction; the three-vine pruning is to select 2 strong side vines on the base of the main vines except the main vines, and remove the rest side vines at any time.
Preferably, in the step S4, the vine pressing method is adopted, wherein the vine is not pressed into the soil, every 30 cm, the vine is fixed by using a soil block or inserting a fork branch, the vine pressing position is flattened, the vine is lightly pulled and put flat, the wet soil holding mass is prepared to press on the internode, and the vine is fixed by folding the branch or bamboo chip into an arch shape.
Preferably, in the step S4, during artificial supplementary pollination, female flowers are selected for pollination, the female flowers with good development of main vines and lateral vines are selected, the flower buds are thick in stems, the ovaries are enlarged, the appearance is normal, the color is light green and glossy, the fruits are easy to set after pollination to grow into high-quality melons, and the female flowers on the lateral vines are used as backup for melon reserving.
Preferably, in the step S4, when artificial supplementary pollination is performed, the pollen of the fresh male flowers which are released on the same day is smeared on female stigmas, the female stigmas are slightly dipped for a few days, 2-3 male flowers can be imparted to 1 male flower, and when the pollination of insects is insufficient, proper flowers and proper time are selected for artificial pollination.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to market demands and planting conditions, high-quality watermelon seeds are selected, the watermelon seeds are germinated, a seedling bed is prepared for sowing the watermelon seeds, seedlings are transplanted when seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves, a planting field is selected, the seedlings are transplanted into the planting field, proper arrangement is carried out on seedling vines of the watermelon, main vines or lateral vines are left, redundant branches and vines are wiped off, soil or branches are adopted for fixing the vines, the pressing joint positions grow adventitious roots, 2 nd female flowers or 1 st and 2 nd female flowers on the main vines are selected and left for sitting the watermelon, artificial supplementary pollination is adopted in low temperature or overcast weather, when the seedlings grow to the egg size, a melon expansion fertilizer is applied according to the plant growth vigor, generally 45% nitro or potassium sulfate controlled release fertilizer is applied for 15-20 kg every 667 square meters, watering is less in seedling period, water is controlled in flowering and fruit setting period, sufficient water supply is ensured after fruit setting, drought resistance is effectively ensured, and normal growth of the watermelon is fully ensured, and good planting effect is achieved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order to solve the problem that the conventional watermelons cannot resist drought during planting, so that the watermelons cannot grow normally, and the watermelon planting effect is poor, the embodiment provides the following technical scheme:
a melon and fruit planting method for drought resistance comprises the following steps:
s1, variety selection:
according to market demands and planting conditions, selecting high-quality watermelon seeds with complete shape, smooth surface, no plant diseases and insect pests and high freshness, and after the watermelon seeds are selected, placing the watermelon seeds in a cool and ventilated place for storage, so that the influence of humidity and high temperature is avoided;
s2, seed seedling raising:
accelerating germination: before sowing, sun-drying the selected watermelon seeds for 1-2 days, soaking the watermelon seeds in warm water at 30-35 ℃ for 6 hours after the watermelon seeds are sun-dried, fishing out, wrapping with a clean towel to rub off mucous membrane, soaking the seeds again for 4 hours by using 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder which is 1000 times of liquid, taking out the seeds, flushing the liquid medicine by using clean water, and accelerating germination at the temperature of 30-35 ℃;
preparing a seedbed: selecting land with high land form dryness and convenient management, building a seedling bed, raising seedlings of early spring watermelons, carrying out in a greenhouse or a greenhouse, paving an electric heating wire to improve the soil temperature, covering a small arch shed on the seedling bed, raising seedlings of the watermelons after autumn delay, building a sunshade, preventing storm rain erosion, loosening nutrient soil, avoiding plant diseases and insect pests, applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers according to a proportion, uniformly mixing 6 parts of paddy field surface soil, 3 parts of rotten stable manure, 1 part of plant ash, 5 kg of rotten chicken and duck manure per cubic meter of soil, mashing and sieving the soil and the fertilizer, keeping the granularity, adding a proper amount of water, piling for 1-2 months before sowing, raising seedlings by adopting a nutrition pot, making the pot mouth diameter into a nutrition pot with 6-8 cm, filling the nutrition pot mouth 1-2 cm by using waste newspaper, and orderly arranging the nutrition soil in the seedling bed;
sowing: early maturing watermelons are sown in the middle of 12 months of the last year and in the late 3 months, medium maturing watermelons are sown in the middle of 4 to 6 months, autumn-delay watermelons are sown in the late 7 months, afternoon is 1 day before sowing, a nutrition pot is watered thoroughly, watermelon seeds with bud tips are horizontally placed in the nutrition pot during sowing, each pot is 1 grain, fine soil is covered by 1 cm, a film is covered, after sowing, the temperature in a seedbed is controlled at 28 to 35 ℃ in the daytime, 20 to 25 ℃ at night, after 80% of seeds break soil and come out, the temperature is kept at 20 to 25 ℃ in the daytime at night, 15 to 18 ℃ at night, and seedlings grow to 2 to 3 leaves, and the seedlings are transplanted into planting places;
s3, planting seedlings:
the sandy soil with loose soil, good air permeability, good drainage property, strong water holding capacity and high organic matter content is selected as a planting field, and melon crops are not planted in the dry land within 5 years and the paddy field within 3 years;
after the planting field is selected, 1500-2000 kg of farmyard manure is applied every 667 square meters, 10-15 kg of phosphate fertilizer is applied, 20-25 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied, a high-furrow film-covered cultivation mode is adopted for ditching, 2 rows of wide furrow field planting and 1 row of narrow furrow field planting are adopted, every 667 square meters field planting is carried out for 1500-1800 plants, climbing cultivation is carried out, three-vine or four-vine pruning is adopted, every 667 square meters field planting is carried out for 600-750 plants, a nutrition pot is placed into a field planting hole in the direction of the cotyledon direction and the furrow, the depth is equal to the furrow surface, seedling holes are filled with fine soil, root setting water is poured with human animal fertilizer and medicament, a film is covered while transplanting, the film width is not less than 80 cm, the film is required to reach the moisture surface to be thin and flat, the film is tightly adhered to the moisture surface, the periphery is tightly sealed, and the broken film is sealed by fine soil;
s4, planting management:
pruning: properly arranging seedling vines of the watermelons, leaving main vines or side vines, wiping off redundant branches and vines, concentrating nutrients and ensuring normal development;
the pruning mode is divided into the following modes according to different varieties, planting densities and soil fertility:
pruning double vines: the main vines and the robust side vines of the main vine base 1 are reserved, the rest side vines are removed, and the main vine are left to be led in the same direction, so that the fruit setting rate of the pruning mode is high, and the pruning method is suitable for close planting, early maturing cultivation and barren plots;
pruning three tendrils: 2 strong side vines are selected and reserved at the base part of the main vines, the rest side vines are removed at any time, the fruit setting rate of the pruning mode is high, single fruits are heavy, and the low-density high-yield cultivation application is more;
the double-vine and three-vine pruning is applied more in cultivation, when the main vine is 40-50 cm long and the side vine is about 15 cm long, 1 time is separated from 3-5 days later, proper pruning can concentrate nutrients to promote development, and different varieties and densities can be selected in different pruning forms;
pressing tendrils: soil or branches are adopted to fix the vines, so that wind blowing and swing can be prevented to hurt the seedling vines and young fruits; the adventitious roots are generated at the pressed node positions, the nutrition absorption capacity of the plants is enlarged, the melon vines are reasonably distributed in the field, the photosynthesis is improved, and the plant growth vigor is regulated by pressing the vine;
wherein, the cranberry and Ming pressure method is as follows: the melon vine is not pressed into the soil, a soil block is used or a branch is inserted to fix the melon vine every 30 cm, the pressed vine is leveled, the flat melon vine is pulled and put lightly, the wet soil holding block is prepared to be pressed on internodes, and the tree vine is fixed by folding branches or bamboo chips into an arch shape;
the open-pressing method has small influence on melon plants, is suitable for being applied to early maturing watermelon varieties with weaker growth vigor, can promote root system development, improve illumination conditions and control overgrowth vigor, and has small influence on the plants by adopting the open-pressing method;
artificial supplementary pollination: selecting and reserving 2 nd female flowers and 3 rd female flowers on the main vines or 1 st female flowers and 2 nd female flowers on the side vines for sitting the melons, and adopting artificial supplementary pollination in order to ensure that the melons are sitting on proper sections and meeting low temperature or overcast and rainy weather, thereby being beneficial to flower and fruit preservation;
when the female flowers pollinate, the female flowers with good main vines and side vines are selected, the flower buds are thick in stems, the ovary is enlarged, the appearance is normal, the color is light green and glossy, the female flowers on the side vines are used as backup for melon reserving, and high-quality melons can be easily grown by fruit setting after pollination;
the pollination time is as follows: the watermelon flowers are generally loosened in the early morning 6, physiological activities are vigorous in 7-10, the optimal pollination time is reached, the pollination effect is poor after 10 hours, if pollination is carried out on a cloudy day, the flowering is later to delay to 8-11 am, when pollination is carried out, the pollen of fresh male flowers which are released on the same day is smeared on female flower heads, the flowers are slightly dipped, 1 male flower can be used for teaching 2-3 male flowers, when the pollination of insects is insufficient, proper flowers and the proper time are selected for artificial pollination, and the pollination efficiency can be improved;
topdressing: when the young melon grows to the egg size, dressing a melon expanding fertilizer according to the plant growth vigor, and generally dressing 15-20 kg of 45% nitro-sulfur or potassium sulfate controlled release fertilizer every 667 square meters;
moisture content: the seedlings should be watered as little as possible or even not watered, so that the seedlings form developed root systems, moisture is controlled before flowering and fruit setting, overgrowth is prevented, sufficient moisture supply is ensured after fruit setting, the fruits are enlarged, the weight is increased, watering is not suitable for 7-10 days before harvesting, and sugar is accumulated in the fruits;
when water is deficient, irrigation is carried out at night and in the morning with lower air temperature, furrow irrigation and soil moisture infiltration are adopted, namely irrigation is carried out in furrow furrows, residual water in the furrow is immediately drained after moisture infiltrates into melon ridges, field ponding is immediately drained after irrigation and rain, and rotten roots and rotten rattles are easily caused;
the method is characterized in that the development stage of watermelon fruit setting is carefully managed, the yield and quality can be improved, when the watermelon grows to 1-1.5 kg, soil under the watermelon is leveled in time, grass is padded or sand soil is paved, the melon vine and the melon handle are easy to straighten, the anthracnose and epidemic disease of the watermelon are prevented, the commodity yield is improved, the land position of the watermelon is constantly changed in management, the melon surface is uniformly illuminated, the color of the melon peel is kept consistent and uniformly matured, the melon is turned over 1 time every 5-6 days in the melon expansion period, when the melon handle is not easy to break, the melon is turned over by two hands, the melon turning angle is not excessively large, the ground is exposed, the melon handle is prevented from being twisted and broken, the melon is turned over in the same direction, the melon fruit growing period is required to be carefully prepared, turned over, the diseases and insect pests are prevented, the uniform maturing is promoted, and the pest control is promoted in the whole growth period.
Therefore, according to market demands and planting conditions, high-quality watermelon seeds are selected, the watermelon seeds are germinated, a seedbed is prepared for sowing the watermelon seeds, seedlings are transplanted when seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves, planting places are selected, the seedlings are transplanted into the planting places, proper arrangement is carried out on the seedling vines of the watermelon, main vines or lateral vines are left, redundant branches and vines are wiped off, soil or branches are adopted for fixing the vines, the pressing joint positions grow adventitious roots, 2 nd female flowers or 1 st and 2 nd female flowers on the main vines are selected and left for sitting the watermelon, artificial supplementary pollination is adopted in low temperature or overcast weather, when the seedlings grow to the egg size, a melon expansion fertilizer is applied according to the plant growth vigor, generally 45% nitro or potassium sulfate controlled release fertilizer is applied for 15-20 kg every 667 square meters, watering is less in seedling period, water is controlled in flowering and fruit setting period, sufficient water supply is ensured after fruit setting, drought resistance is effectively ensured, and normal growth of the watermelon is fully ensured, and good planting effect is achieved.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The melon and fruit planting method for drought resistance is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, variety selection:
according to market demands and planting conditions, selecting high-quality watermelon seeds with complete shape, smooth surface, no plant diseases and insect pests and high freshness, and after the watermelon seeds are selected, placing the watermelon seeds in a cool and ventilated place for storage;
s2, seed seedling raising:
accelerating germination of watermelon seeds, preparing a seedbed, sowing watermelon seeds, placing the watermelon seeds with bud tips in a nutrition pot, covering fine soil with a thickness of 1 cm, covering with a film, controlling the temperature in the seedbed at 28-35 ℃ in daytime and 20-25 ℃ at night after sowing, maintaining 20-25 ℃ in daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night after 80% of the seeds break soil and emerge, and transplanting seedlings when seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves;
s3, planting seedlings:
selecting sandy soil with loose soil, good air permeability, good drainage property and high water holding capacity and high organic matter content as a planting field, and transplanting seedlings into the planting field without melon crops planted in the dry field within 5 years and the paddy field within 3 years;
s4, planting management:
pruning: properly arranging seedling vines of the watermelons, leaving main vines or side vines, and wiping off redundant branches and vines;
pressing tendrils: fixing the tendrils by adopting soil or branches to enable the pressed joint positions to generate adventitious roots;
artificial supplementary pollination: selecting and reserving 2 nd female flowers and 3 rd female flowers on the main vines or 1 st female flowers and 2 nd female flowers on the side vines, sitting melons, and adopting artificial supplementary pollination in low temperature or overcast and rainy weather;
topdressing: when the young melon grows to the egg size, dressing a melon expanding fertilizer according to the plant growth vigor, and generally dressing 15-20 kg of 45% nitro-sulfur or potassium sulfate controlled release fertilizer every 667 square meters;
moisture content: the seedling stage is little watered, the water is controlled in the flowering and fruit setting stage, the sufficient water supply is ensured after fruit setting, and the watering is not performed 7-10 days before harvesting.
2. The method for planting drought-resistant melon and fruit according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the selected watermelon seeds are sun-dried for 1-2 days before sowing, the watermelon seeds are sun-dried, soaked in warm water at 30-35 ℃ for 6 hours, fished out, wrapped with clean towel, rubbed off the mucous membrane, soaked in 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times of liquid for 4 hours, the seeds are taken out, the liquid medicine is washed clean with clean water, and the germination is induced at 30-35 ℃.
3. The method for planting drought-resistant melon and fruit according to claim 2, wherein in the step S2, when preparing the seedling bed, the seedling bed is built by selecting a land with high dryness in topography and convenient management, the early spring watermelon seedling is carried out in a greenhouse or a greenhouse, an electric heating wire is laid to increase the soil temperature, a small arch shed is covered on the seedling bed, the watermelon seedling is carried out after autumn delay, a sunshade is built, the nutrition soil is loose, no plant diseases and insect pests exist, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in proportion, 5 kg of decomposed chicken and duck manure is added per cubic meter of soil, the soil and the fertilizer are smashed and sieved, the granularity is kept, a proper amount of water is added for full mixing, the nutrition soil is filled in the nutrition pot for seedling culture, and the nutrition soil is orderly arranged in the seedling bed.
4. The method for planting drought-resistant melon and fruit according to claim 3, wherein in the step S3, when seedlings are transplanted into the planting field, 1500-2000 kg of farmyard manure is applied every 667 square meters, 10-15 kg of phosphate fertilizer is applied, 20-25 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied, 2 rows of wide-furrow field planting and 1 row of narrow-furrow field planting are applied, 1500-1800 plants are planted every 667 square meters, seedling holes are filled with fine soil, root water is poured with human animal manure and medicines, a film is covered while transplanting, the film is tightly attached to the soil moisture surface, four sides are sealed tightly, and a broken film is sealed tightly with fine soil.
5. The method for drought-resistant melon and fruit cultivation according to claim 4, wherein in S4, the pruning mode is divided into double-vine pruning and triple-vine pruning according to the variety, planting density and soil fertility, wherein the double-vine pruning is to keep the main vines and the robust side vines of the base 1 of the main vines, remove the remaining side vines, and keep the main vines and the two vines to guide in the same direction; the three-vine pruning is to select 2 strong side vines on the base of the main vines except the main vines, and remove the rest side vines at any time.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in S4, the vine is pressed by a vine pressing method, wherein the vine is not pressed into the soil, the vine is fixed by using soil blocks or a branch, the vine is flattened, the vine is lightly pulled and put flat, a wet soil holding mass is prepared to press the vine between the nodes, and the vine is fixed by folding the branch or bamboo sheet into an arch shape.
7. The method for drought-resistant melon and fruit cultivation according to claim 6, wherein in the step S4, female flowers are pollinated during artificial supplementary pollination, female flowers with good development of main vines and lateral vines are selected, flower buds are thick in stems, ovary is enlarged, appearance is normal, colors are light green and glossy, fruits can easily be grown into high-quality melons after pollination, and female flowers on the lateral vines serve as backup for melon retention.
8. The method for drought-resistant melon and fruit cultivation according to claim 7, wherein in S4, when artificial supplementary pollination is performed, fresh male flower pollen released on the same day is smeared on female stigma, 1 male flower can be used for 2-3 male flowers, and when insect pollination is insufficient, proper flowers and opportunity are selected for artificial pollination.
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| CN202311683980.5A CN117502130A (en) | 2023-12-11 | 2023-12-11 | Drought-resistant melon and fruit planting method |
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