AU2021103799A4 - Eight film covers to promote early maturity - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method of promoting early maturity by eight film covers, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, the method includes: variety selection, nursery, erection of large and medium arches, fertilization and land preparation, erection of small arches, planting, post-planting management and harvesting. The invention creates a method to promote early maturity and high yield cultivation of watermelon in large arches with eight film covers, and applies root nutrients and enzymatic peptides during the planting period and vine extension period to promote root growth and improve root resistance, so that watermelon matures early for market in early April to meet people's demand for watermelon supply, and significantly increases the income of melon farmers.

Description

Eight film covers to promote early maturity

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, and

in particular to a method of promoting early maturity by eight film covers.

BACKGROUND

Watermelon is an important and efficient horticultural crop in China, playing a

huge role in promoting farmers' income and meeting people's growing demand for

melons and fruits. In recent years, the watermelon facilities cultivation area is

increasing, using the arch round greenhouse-based facilities cultivation, the product

can be marketed earlier, significantly increasing the income of melon farmers, and

enrich the market supply.

The five films and one straw mat cover for watermelon in large arches is one of

the typical early maturing cultivation measures. Over the years, and constantly

improve the early spring watermelon planting technology, to the present, the big arch

watermelon has been developed from the original double film cover, three film cover

to five film a thatch cover cultivation, so that the first crop of big arch watermelon

marketing period to the middle and end of April earlier. However, as the standard of

living continues to improve, the demand for annual supply of watermelon is

increasing, which requires watermelon to ripen and market earlier to meet people's

demand.

SUMMARY

In order to enrich watermelon market supply, early watermelon market time, to meet people's demand for annual supply of watermelon, and to improve the economic benefits of melon farmers, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method of promoting early ripening by eight film covers, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and to achieve the cultivation purpose of early ripening, high yield and efficient production of watermelon in early spring.

To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following

solutions:

The present invention provides a method for promoting early maturity by eight

film covers, comprising the following steps:

(1) variety selection: choose early maturity, good quality, low temperature and

low light tolerance, high yield, disease resistance, suitable for market demand of small

and medium-sized watermelon varieties; grafting cultivation rootstock selection gourd

or pumpkin.

(2) Nursery: choose to buy commercial seedlings from intensive nursery

enterprises, or raise seedlings on their own.

(3) Setting up large and medium arches: the scaffolding is built with steel pipes

or bamboo poles, with a width of 7.0-8.5 meters, a height of 1.8-2 meters and a length

of 80-180 meters. The width of the middle shed is 2-4cm narrower than that of the

large arch, and the height of the middle arch is 1.7-1.9m and 1.6-1.8m respectively.

(4) Fertilization and land preparation: 40-50 days before planting, watering the

shed to create moisture, deep raking, leveling, fertilization.

(5) Erection of small arches: 30 days before planting, small arches are built with steel pipes or bamboo poles and individually fastened to each border, depending on the width of different large arches. Small arches with widths of 3.3-4.0, 2.8-3.5,

1.8-2.5 and 1.2-2 m respectively, all arches covered with scaffolding film, 7 layers in

total, with drip-free film selected.

(6) Planting: the suitable age for seedlings in hotbeds is 40d-45d, with three

leaves and one heart; planting when the temperature at a depth of 10cm in the soil in

the greenhouse is stable at 13-15°C and the average daily temperature is stable at

-18°C; first uncover the small arch on the day of planting, and set the plants

28-32cm apart. Ensure the integrity of the nutrient soil block when planting, and

ensure that the grafting opening should be 1-2cm above the border; water heavily after

planting, and apply root nutrient, enzyme peptide biological bacterial agent and

powder package with the planting water, and after watering, cover four layers of small

arches.

(7) Post-planting management:

Mulching: 8-10 days after planting, cover with white mulch;

Temperature control: during the slowing down period, the daytime temperature is

28-32°C, 14-16°C at night; after the slowing down period, when the daytime

temperature exceeds 30°C, open the small arch film, increase the light, and maintain

the daytime greenhouse temperature at 29-31°C and 17-20°C at night. According to

the weather and plant growth, 15-20 days after planting, remove the innermost small

arches, and gradually remove the second and third layers of small arches as the plants

grow, and when the night temperature in the shed is stabilized at 15-20°C, remove all the small arches and gradually increase the amount and time of wind release. Before flowering and sitting melon, daytime greenhouse temperature 25-28 °C, 15-18 °C at night, release the wind when the temperature exceeds 30°C; after the melon sitting, the temperature is controlled at 28-32°C during the day and 15-18°C at night, maintaining a temperature difference of 10-17°C between day and night.

Grooming, pollination, and fixing of melons: use ground climbing cultivation,

keep the main vine as the fruiting vine, then select and keep 2 sub-vines as nutrition

branches, and pollinate the main vine at 9-11 a.m. when the second female flower

opens. When the fruit is small and egg-sized, select young melons that are well

shaped and conform to the characteristics of the variety.

Fertilizer and water management: after planting and slowing down, water the

seedlings once; at the vine extension stage, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

water soluble fertilizer, root nutrient, enzyme peptide biological agent and powder

package, flush with water; control watering during pollination. When the young fruits

are egg-sized, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer with

water; water again at 7d-10d intervals and no more watering until 5d-7d before

harvest; foliar spray 2-3 times during the growth period with 0.3% potassium

dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer.

Pest and disease control: install more insect-proof nets at the ventilation

openings, hang yellow boards in the shed, trap and kill yellow-tendency pests; release

the Encarsia formosa to control whiteflies, release ladybugs to feed on aphids, and

release predatory mites to control red spiders and thrips.

(8) Harvesting: according to the pollination date and fruit development period,

determine the maturity of the fruit, long-distance export sales can be appropriately

early harvesting.

Further, the autonomous nursery, comprising the following steps:

Autonomous seedlings: winter seedlings should be raised in the sunshine

greenhouse, which is erected with small arches and covered with insulation, and it is

advisable to build electric heating beds.

Seedbed preparation: Use commercial seedling substrate to fill seedling trays (50

holes), line up cavity trays in the seedbed 4-5 d before sowing, water thoroughly,

cover with mulch, and cover with a small arch. 1 d before sowing, then water the

substrate in the seedling tray, then punch holes with a seedling tray puncher (special

pressure plate for seeding in the tray) to prepare the seeds.

Soaking and germination: seeds are immersed in boiling water at 100°C for 5-7s,

the amount of boiling water is more than 5 times the volume of the seeds, then 30°C

warm water for 6h-8h; wrapped in wet cloth and germinated at 28-30°C, seeds are

sown after showing white. It is advisable to dip the seeds with 50% carbendazim

500-600 times for 15min before germination to prevent fungal diseases or with 10%

trisodium phosphate solution for 20min to prevent virus diseases. After dip in

carbendazim or trisodium phosphate for enough time, wash the solution with water

and then continue to dip or germinate the seeds.

Sowing: the temperature of the substrate in the cavity tray should be above 15°C

when sowing; sow one germinated seed in each cavity, cover the seedling substrate with a thickness of lcm-1.5cm, cover the film, and cover the small arch and insulation at night. Grafting seedlings using the leaning method, watermelon sowed 5-10d earlier than the rootstock; grafting seedlings using the plugging method, the rootstock should be sown 5-7d earlier than the watermelon.

Grafting: grafting by plugging or leaning method.

Seedling management: before seedling emergence, the seedbed temperature

should be maintained at 28-32°C during the day and 17-20°C at night, and the small

arches and mulch should be covered tightly; after seedling emergence, the

temperature should drop to 22-25°C during the day and 15-17C at night. 7d before

planting, the daytime should be 20-25 °C, 10-15 °C at night; seedling ground

temperature should be maintained at 20-25 °C; grafted seedlings in the first 3 d after

grafting, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 25-28 °C, the night

temperature of 20-25 °C, then shading, moisture, sealing. The 4th day after grafting

began to pass a small wind in the morning and evening, reduce humidity, see scattered

light, gradually increase the amount of ventilation, extend the time to see light, 10

days later can resume normal seedbed management.

Further, in step (4), the fertilizing comprises:

Apply 2000kg of well-rotted chicken manure and 50kg of calcium

superphosphate per mu; organic fertilizer is applied to half of it during the general

tillage and the other half before planting; set up two borders in the shed with a border

width of 3-3.8 meters and a middle path of about 1 meter. Before planting, the other

half of the organic fertilizer is applied in a 10cm deep trench on both sides 30cm from the middle of the bed (planting hole). In addition to organic fertilizer then spread 60kg of compound fertilizer (N+P+K=15+15+15) or 40kg of diammonium phosphate and kg of potassium sulfate per 667m 2

. The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

The present invention creates a method of cultivating watermelon in large arches

with eight film covers to promote early maturity and high yield, and applies root

nutrients and enzyme peptides to promote root growth during the planting period and

vine extension period. Improving root resistance allows watermelons to mature and go

to market earlier in early April, meeting people's demand for watermelon supply and

significantly increasing the income of melon farmers.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention are now described in

detail, and this detailed description should not be considered a limitation of the

invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects,

features and embodiments of the invention.

Example 1

A method of promoting early maturity by eight film covers, comprising the

following steps:

(1) variety selection: this example selected "Qian Yuan 6" medium and large

watermelon, grafting rootstock for small seed pumpkin.

(2) Nursery: choose to buy commercial seedlings from intensive nursery

enterprises.

(3) Build large and medium arches: the scaffolding is built with steel pipes, the

width of the large arch is 8.5 meters, the height is 1.9 meters, and the length is 170

meters. The width of the middle shed is 2cm narrower than that of the large arch, and

the sagittal height of the middle arch is 1.8m and 1.7m respectively. The shed film is a

drip-free film.

(4) Fertilization and land preparation: In early December 2019, the shed was

watered to create moisture, deeply raked and leveled. Apply 2000kg of well-rotted

chicken manure and 50kg of calcium superphosphate per mu. Organic fertilizer was

applied to half of it at the time of general tillage and the other half before planting.

The shed is set up with two borders, with a border width of 3.8 meters and a middle

path of about 1 meter. Before planting, the other half of the organic fertilizer was

applied in a 10cm deep trench on both sides 30cm from the middle of the bed

(planting hole). In addition to organic fertilizer, 60kg of compound fertilizer (nitrogen

+ phosphorus + potassium = 15 + 15 + 15), 40kg of diammonium phosphate and 20kg

of potassium sulfate were spread per 667m2 .

(5) Erection of small arches: in late December 2019, small arches were built with

bamboo poles and individually buckled on each border according to the width of

different large arches. The width of the small arches are 4.0, 3.5, 2.5 and 2 meters

respectively, and all arches are covered with shed film, with a total of 7 layers, and the

shed film is selected as drip-free film.

(6) Planting: The suitable seedling age for seedling in hotbed is 40-45d, with

three leaves and one heart. Planting can be done when the ground temperature of 10cm in the greenhouse is stable above 13C and the average daily temperature is stable above 15°C. Planting day first uncover the small arch, planting plant spacing 28cm.

planting to ensure the integrity of the nutrient soil block, to ensure that the grafting

mouth should be higher than the border 1-2cm. After planting, water heavily and apply

1000ml of root nutrient with the planting water. Enzyme peptide biological agent 5L,

250g powder packet was applied with water, and after watering, four layers of small

arches were covered.

(7) Post-planting management.

Mulching: 10 days after planting, cover with white mulch to increase the ground

temperature.

Temperature control: during the slowing period, the daytime temperature is about

°C, the night is about 15°C, and the minimum is not less than 10°C. After the

seedlings slowed down, the small arch film was uncovered during the day to increase

the light and maintain the greenhouse temperature around 30°C during the day and

17-20°C at night.

When the night temperature in the shed is stable above 15 °C, you can remove all

the small arches, and gradually increase the amount of wind and wind release time.

Before flowering and melon sitting, daytime greenhouse temperature 25-28 °C, 15-18 °C

at night, release the wind when the temperature exceeds 30°C. After sitting melon, the

daytime temperature control at 28-32 °C, not more than 35 °C, 15-18 °C at night, keep

more than 13 °C day and night temperature difference.

Pruning, pollination and setting of melons: Cultivate in the ground, keep the main vine as the fruiting vine, and then select 2 sub-vines as nutrition branches. When the second female flower of the main vine opens, pollinate 1-2 melons at 9-11 a.m.

When the fruit is egg-sized, select and keep one young melon per plant that is

well-shaped and matches the characteristics of the variety.

Fertilizer and water management: after planting and slowing down, water the

seedlings once; By the vine extension stage, apply 15Kg/667m2 of nitrogen,

phosphorus and potassium water soluble fertilizer (20-20-20), 1000ml of nourishing

root, 5L of enzyme peptide biological agent and 250g of powder packet, and wash it

down with water. During the pollination period, watering is controlled; when the

young fruit eggs are large, a water-soluble fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and

potassium (12-5-40) 15Kg/667m2 is applied with water. Water again at 7-10d intervals

and no more watering until 5-7d before harvesting. Foliar sprays of 0.3% potassium

phosphate can be applied 2-3 times during the growing period.

Pest and disease control: In accordance with the plant protection policy of

"prevention-oriented, integrated control", adhere to the principle of "agricultural

control, physical control, biological control as the main, chemical control as a

supplement". Insect pests mainly include whiteflies, red spiders, aphids, American

spotted fly, etc. Diseases mainly include anthrax, epidemic, bacterial leaf blight, stem

blight, virus disease, etc. Ventilation at the mouth of the additional 40 mesh insect net,

shed hanging 20cm x 25cm per mu of the yellow board 40 trap board to kill whiteflies,

aphids, American spotted fly and other pests that have a tendency to yellow. Releasing

encarsia formosa to control whiteflies, releasing ladybugs to predate aphids, releasing predatory mites to control red spiders and thrips, Anthrax is controlled with 40% fufu-fu zinc wettable powder 300g/667m 2 , or 70% methylthioconazole wettable powder 50g/667m 2 . Bacterial leaf blight is controlled by spraying with 12% benzoflutamide suspension 50mL/667m2 . Epidemic disease is controlled with 100g/L cyanoxazole suspension 75mL/667m2 , or with 440g/L semicarbazone - chlorothalonil suspension 150mL/667m 2. Spray 325g/L benzyl-pyrimethanil suspension mL/667m2 or 60% azoxystrobin-dextran aqueous dispersion granule 100g/667m 2 to control stem light. Virus disease is sprayed with 1% mushroom polysaccharide water diluted 200 times, or 4% oligosaccharide soluble powder 100g/667m 2 . Or 24% mixed fat - copper sulfate water emulsion 100mL/667m2 spray control; whitefly, red spider can choose 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granules 1Og/667m 2 spray control.

(8) Harvesting: according to the pollination date and fruit development period,

determine the maturity of the fruit, long-distance export sales can be appropriately

early harvesting.

Comparison 1

Conventional cultivation techniques (five film covers);

It differs from Example 1 only in the following steps:

(3) build a large arch: build a large arch with steel pipes, 8.5m wide, 1.9m high,

170m long, large arch covered with double film, 10cm apart between the two films.

(5) erecting small arches: in late December 2019, build small arches with

bamboo poles, the width of the small arches are 3 m and 2 m, respectively, covered

with mulch to improve the ground temperature, and the shed film is selected as a non-drip film.

(6) planting: first mark out the planting holes at plant spacing in the beds with

film fastening, then choose a sunny day for planting and finish planting between 9 a.m.

and 4 p.m.; The size of the planting hole should be adapted to the size of the mound or

nutrient bowl; after planting, water heavily and cover with a second layer of small

arches.

(7) Post-planting management:

The steps of temperature control, germination, pollination, melon setting and

pest control are the same as in Example 1, and the steps of fertilizer and water

management are as follows: watering once after planting and slowing down. By the

vine extension stage, apply 15Kg/667m 2 of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium water

soluble fertilizer (20-20-20) and flush with water. Control watering during pollination;

when the young fruit is as big as an egg, apply 15Kg/667m 2 of nitrogen, phosphorus

and potassium water-soluble fertilizer (12-5-40), flush with water. Water again at

intervals of 7d to 10d, and no more watering until 5d to 7d before harvesting. Apply

foliar fertilizer such as 0.3% potassium phosphate 2 to 3 times during the growing

period.

Compare the relevant index of the cultivation method of Example 1 and

comparison, the results see Table 1, the test results show that the cultivation method

provided by the invention early harvesting time, increase income, mu increased

income of 3300 yuan.

Table 1 Comparison of the benefits of the cultivation methods between Example 1

and Comparison 1

Planting Harvest Capacity Price Income Cost Output Increase Process time time (kg/667m yuann yuann! (yuanl66 value revenue ing tm (g6(yuan/6 (yuan/6 2 (M/D) (M/D) 2) /kg) mu) 7m 2 ) 67m2 ) 67m

) Exam 2.1 4.20 3500 2.3 16100 8800 7300 ple1

Comp arison 2.17 5.5 3500 1.7 11900 7900 4000 3300 1

The above described embodiments are only a description of the preferred way of

the present invention, not a limitation of the scope of the present invention. Without

departing from the spirit of the design of the present invention, all kinds of

deformations and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present

invention by a person of ordinary skill in the art shall be included in the scope of

protection determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (1)

THE CLAIMS DEFINING THE INVENTION ARE AS FOLLOWS:

1. A method of promoting early maturity by eight film covers, characterized in

that it comprises the following steps:

(1) variety selection: choose early maturity, good quality, low temperature and

low light tolerance, high yield, disease resistance, suitable for market demand of small

and medium-sized watermelon varieties; grafting cultivation rootstock choose gourd

or pumpkin;

(2) Nursery: choose to buy commercial seedlings from intensive nursery

enterprises, or raise seedlings on their own;

(3) erecting large and medium arches: scaffolding with steel pipes or bamboo

poles, large arches 7.0-8.5 m wide, 1.8-2 m high, 80-180 m long, the width of the

middle shed is 2-4cm narrower than that of the large arch, and the height of the

middle arch is 1.7-1.9m and 1.6-1.8m respectively;

(4) fertilization, land preparation: 40-50 days before planting, watering the shed

to create moisture, deep raking, leveling, fertilization;

(5) erecting small arches: 30 days before planting, small arches are built with

steel pipes or bamboo poles and individually fastened to each border, depending on

the width of different large arches, the width of small arches are 3.3-4.0, 2.8-3.5,

1.8-2.5 and 1.2-2 m. All arches are covered with shed film, with a total of 7 layers,

and the shed film is made of non-drip film;

(6) Planting: the suitable seedling age for seedlings in hotbeds is 40d-45d, with

three leaves and one heart; planting when the soil temperature at a depth of 10cm in the greenhouse is stable at 13-15°C and the average daily temperature is stable at

-18°C; first uncover the small arch on the day of planting, and set the plants

28-32cm apart; ensure the integrity of the nutrient block when planting, and ensure

that the grafting opening should be 1-2cm above the border; watering heavily after

planting, flushing root nutrients, enzymatic peptide biological agent and powder

package with planting water, and after watering, covering four layers of small arches;

(7) Post-planting management:

Mulching: 8-10 days after planting, cover with white mulch;

Temperature control: during the slowing period, the daytime temperature

28-32 °C, 14-16 °C at night; after the slowing period, the daytime temperature

exceeds 30 °C, open the small arch film, increase the light, maintain the daytime

greenhouse temperature 29-31 °C, 17-20°C at night; according to the weather and

plant growth, 15-20 days after planting, remove the innermost small arches, and

gradually remove the second and third layers of small arches as the plants grow; when

the night temperature in the shed stable at 15-20 °C, the small arches all removed, and

gradually increase the amount of wind and release time; before flowering and sitting

melon, daytime shed temperature 25-28 °C, 15-18 °C at night, release of wind when

the temperature exceeds 30°C; after the melon has sat, the temperature is controlled at

28-32°C during the day and 15-18°C at night, maintaining a diurnal temperature

difference of 10-170C;

Grooming, pollination, setting melon: using climbing cultivation, retaining the

main vine as the fruiting vine, then select and keep 2 sub-vines as nutrient branches,

Pollination at 9-11 a.m. when the second female flower of the main vine opens, when

the fruit resembles the size of an egg, select and keep young melons that are well

shaped and conform to the characteristics of the variety;

Fertilizer and water management: after planting and slowing down, a large

watering; at the vine extension stage, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium water

soluble fertilizer, root nutrients, enzyme peptide biological agent and powder package,

and wash with water. Control watering during pollination; when the young fruits are

as big as eggs, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer with

water; water heavily again at 7-10d intervals, and no more watering until 5-7d before

harvesting;

Pest control: additional insect-proof nets at the vents, yellow boards hanging in

the shed, trapping boards to kill pests that have a tendency to yellow; releasing

encarsia formosa to control whiteflies, ladybugs to feed on aphids, and predatory

mites to control red spiders and thrips;

(8) Harvesting: according to the pollination date and fruit development period,

determine the maturity of the fruit, long-distance export sales can be appropriately

early harvesting.