CN117461735B - Feed composition with synergistic fermentation of bacterial enzymes and method for improving intestinal tracts of livestock and poultry by using feed composition - Google Patents
Feed composition with synergistic fermentation of bacterial enzymes and method for improving intestinal tracts of livestock and poultry by using feed composition Download PDFInfo
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- CN117461735B CN117461735B CN202311449957.XA CN202311449957A CN117461735B CN 117461735 B CN117461735 B CN 117461735B CN 202311449957 A CN202311449957 A CN 202311449957A CN 117461735 B CN117461735 B CN 117461735B
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Abstract
The application discloses a feed composition with synergistic fermentation of bacterial enzymes and a method for improving intestinal tracts of livestock and poultry by using the same; according to the method, the chitosan, the ferulic acid, the lysozyme and the bifidobacteria are selected, so that escherichia coli in the intestinal tracts of the livestock can be well inhibited, the quantity and the survival rate of the bifidobacteria in the intestinal tracts can be improved, the digestion and the absorption of the livestock to the feed nutrition composition such as protein, fat and the like in the feed can be promoted, the intestinal immunity can be improved, the diarrhea incidence rate of the livestock can be reduced, and the growth of the livestock can be promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of feeds, in particular to a feed composition with synergistic fermentation of bacterial enzymes and a method for improving intestinal tracts of livestock and poultry.
Background
Healthy growth of livestock and poultry is a key for determining the development speed of livestock and poultry industry, and also directly influences the economic benefit of livestock and poultry industry producers. The feed is used as a necessary substance for ensuring the normal growth and development of livestock and poultry, and is widely used in livestock and poultry and aquaculture.
With the improvement of the cultivation level, the growth performance of the livestock and poultry is improved to a certain extent, but the overall cultivation level is not high, and at present, the method still exists universally: the intestinal tract is messy, the digestion and utilization rate of external nutrient substances, especially fat nutrition is low, the diarrhea rate is high, the growth performance is obviously reduced, and the like.
Salmonella enteritidis and E.coli are the more common intestinal conditionally pathogenic bacteria. Wherein, the salmonella enteritidis infection of animals often causes serious diseases, and can cause gastrointestinal inflammation, septicemia and other diseases. Coli can cause infectious diseases of animal origin, can infect chickens, ducks, pigs, cattle, fish and other farmed animals, and can also infect humans, causing hemorrhagic enteritis. Research proves that although the two enteropathogenic bacteria are conditional pathogenic bacteria, if the bacterial load outbreaks can cause huge influence in the breeding industry, antibiotics products are often blindly added for preventing and treating disease farmers, and along with the forbidden of antibiotics, new bacteriostats need to be searched.
The bacteriostat which has been used at present mainly comprises lysozyme, lactoferrin, chinese herbal medicine extracts, specific phage and the like. Although lysozyme has a good bactericidal effect on some bacteria, its inhibitory effect on escherichia coli is not very good, so that the effect of improving intestinal health is not obvious when it is used alone in feed.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a feed composition having a better inhibitory effect on E.coli.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the application provides a feed composition with synergistic fermentation of bacterial enzymes and a method for improving intestinal tracts of livestock and poultry. The feed composition has obvious inhibiting effect on escherichia coli.
In order to solve the above problems, the present application proposes the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, the present application provides a feed composition for synergistic fermentation of bacterial enzymes, the feed composition comprising:
chitosan: 0.1 to 0.5 percent;
ferulic acid: 0.04 to 0.1 percent;
lysozyme: 0.04 to 0.1 percent;
bifidobacteria: 0.1 to 0.6 percent;
based on the total mass of the feed composition.
As a preferable technical scheme, the feed composition comprises ferulic acid and lysozyme in a mass ratio of 1:1.
As a preferred embodiment, the feed composition further comprises:
lauric acid monoglyceride: 0.05 to 0.15% based on the total mass of the feed composition.
As a preferred embodiment, the feed composition further comprises a nutritional component;
the nutritional component is at least one selected from corn, soybean meal, wheat bran and peanut seedling powder.
As a preferred embodiment, the feed composition further comprises vitamins and/or minerals;
wherein the vitamins are selected from vitamin A and vitamin D 3 Vitamin E and vitamin K 3 Vitamin B 1 Vitamin B 2 Vitamin B 6 Vitamin B 12 At least one of vitamin a acetate;
the mineral salt is at least one selected from copper sulfate, ferrous glycine, zinc oxide, manganese methionine, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method of improving the intestinal tract of livestock and poultry, the method comprising:
adding chitosan, ferulic acid, lysozyme and bifidobacterium into the feed composition;
wherein, the feed composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
chitosan: 0.1 to 0.5 percent, ferulic acid: 0.04 to 0.1 percent of lysozyme: 0.04 to 0.1 percent of bifidobacterium: 0.1 to 0.6% based on the total mass of the feed composition.
As a preferable technical scheme, the feed composition comprises ferulic acid and lysozyme in a mass ratio of 1:1.
The method further comprises the steps of:
adding lauric acid monoglyceride to the feed composition;
as a preferred embodiment, the content of the lauric acid monoglyceride is 0.05 to 0.15% based on the total mass of the feed composition.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, the chitosan, the ferulic acid, the lysozyme and the bifidobacteria are selected, so that escherichia coli in the intestinal tracts of the livestock can be well inhibited, the quantity and the survival rate of the bifidobacteria in the intestinal tracts can be improved, the digestion and the absorption of the livestock to the feed nutrition composition such as protein, fat and the like in the feed can be promoted, the intestinal immunity can be improved, the diarrhea incidence rate of the livestock can be reduced, and the growth of the livestock can be promoted.
Detailed Description
All percentages, fractions and ratios are calculated on the total mass of the composition of the present application, unless otherwise indicated, and the term "mass content" herein may be expressed by the symbol "%".
In the following schemes, the corresponding starting materials are either commercially available or prepared according to common general knowledge known in the art.
Wherein, the chitosan is purchased from Jiangsu Miao biosciences, inc.; ferulic acid was purchased from hebei pengyu biotechnology limited; lysozyme and trypsin were purchased from Shandong Siyang Biotechnology Co., ltd, the enzyme activity of lysozyme was 2004u/mg, and the enzyme activity of trypsin was 4178u/g; bifidobacteria were purchased from the bioengineering company of Jia Yi, shandong, midwife; lauric acid monoglyceride was purchased from Chengdu everything from macromoisture biotechnology Co., ltd; yeasts and Bacillus licheniformis were purchased from Duckweed Biotechnology Inc.
The feed composition of the present application is described in detail below.
Feed composition
The feed composition of the present application includes chitosan, ferulic acid, lysozyme and bifidobacteria.
In the prior art, the inhibition effect of lysozyme on escherichia coli is not very good, so that the effect of improving intestinal health is not obvious when the lysozyme is singly used in feed.
The inventor of the application finds through repeated verification that chitosan, ferulic acid, lysozyme and bifidobacteria are added into the feed composition, and the combination can better inhibit escherichia coli in the intestinal tracts of livestock, can improve the quantity and survival rate of bifidobacteria in the intestinal tracts, promote the digestion and absorption of livestock to the feed nutrition composition such as protein, fat and the like in the feed, improve the intestinal immunity, reduce the diarrhea incidence of the livestock and promote the growth of the livestock. The principle is supposed to be as follows:
the chitosan can act with negative charge groups on the surface of bacterial cells, the fluidity and permeability of bacterial cell membranes are changed, on the basis of the action of the chitosan, lysozyme can be combined with the bacterial cells, the cell walls of bacteria are further destroyed, the bacteria are dissolved and killed, and the sterilization effect of the lysozyme is improved. Meanwhile, ferulic acid can participate in inhibition and destruction of beta-1, 4 glycosidic bond between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine in bacterial cell wall by lysozyme, so that sterilization effect of lysozyme is further improved. The application can obviously inhibit escherichia coli in the intestinal tracts of livestock under the triple actions of chitosan, ferulic acid and lysozyme, improve the intestinal immunity and reduce the incidence of diarrhea of the livestock.
In addition, the chitosan oligosaccharide can promote the propagation of bifidobacteria in the inner wall of the intestinal canal, and is more beneficial to the propagation of bifidobacteria in the antibacterial environment created by ferulic acid and lysozyme, and meanwhile, the chitosan oligosaccharide has the function of improving the tissue morphology of the intestinal canal, can increase the height of microvilli, increase the density, enlarge the absorption area of small intestine, promote the digestion and absorption of livestock and poultry on feed nutritional compositions such as protein, fat and the like in the feed through the multiparty action, and promote the growth of the livestock and poultry.
In the application, the contents of the components are respectively as follows: chitosan: 0.1 to 0.5 percent, ferulic acid: 0.04 to 0.1 percent of lysozyme: 0.04 to 0.1 percent of bifidobacterium: 0.1 to 0.6% based on the total mass of the feed composition.
As a preferable technical scheme of the application, the contents of the components are respectively as follows: chitosan: 0.2 to 0.4 percent, ferulic acid: 0.06-0.08%, lysozyme: 0.06-0.08%, bifidobacterium: 0.1 to 0.5% based on the total mass of the feed composition.
For example, in the present application:
the chitosan content includes, but is not limited to: 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% or 0.5%.
The content of ferulic acid includes, but is not limited to: 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%.
The content of lysozyme includes, but is not limited to: 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%.
The content of bifidobacteria includes, but is not limited to: 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%.
As a more preferable technical scheme, the feed composition comprises ferulic acid and lysozyme in a mass ratio of 1:1.
Lauric acid monoglyceride
The feed composition of the application can further comprise lauric acid monoglyceride besides chitosan, ferulic acid, lysozyme and bifidobacterium.
In the application, the lauric acid monoglyceride can further improve the digestion, absorption and transportation effects of livestock on nutritional components on the basis of chitosan and bifidobacteria; it also can destroy the capsule of bacterial cells, and can act together with chitosan, ferulic acid and lysozyme to inhibit and eliminate coliform in the intestinal tracts of livestock.
Based on the above, the lauric acid monoglyceride is further added into the feed composition, so that escherichia coli in the intestinal tracts of livestock can be better inhibited, and digestion and absorption of protein, fat and other feed nutrition compositions in the feed can be promoted by the livestock.
In this application, the content of the lauric acid monoglyceride is 0.05 to 0.15%, preferably 0.08 to 0.1%, based on the total mass of the feed composition.
Other components
The feed composition of the present application may reasonably employ conventional components such as yeast, bacillus licheniformis, trypsin, nutritional components, vitamins and minerals within a range not significantly impairing the effects of the present application, in addition to the various components enumerated above.
The yeast is generally present in an amount similar to bifidobacteria in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5% based on the total mass of the feed composition.
The bacillus licheniformis is generally present in an amount similar to bifidobacteria in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5% based on the total mass of the feed composition.
The probiotics used in this application were propagated using LB medium (commercially available from Shanghai Shaku Co., ltd., product No. HZ0010-500 ml).
The content of trypsin is typically 0.2-0.4% based on the total mass of the feed composition.
The kind of the nutritional composition is not particularly limited in the present application, and preferably, the nutritional composition is one or more selected from corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, peanut seedling powder.
Typically, the nutritional component is present in an amount of 90 to 92% based on the total mass of the feed composition.
Wherein the content of corn is 55-70%, the content of soybean meal is 10-20%, the content of wheat bran is 5-10%, and the content of peanut seedling powder is 1-5%, based on the total mass of the feed composition.
For example:
corn content includes, but is not limited to: 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%.
The content of the soybean meal includes, but is not limited to: 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%.
The content of wheat bran includes, but is not limited to: 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%.
The content of peanut seedling powder includes but is not limited to: 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%.
In this application, breeds raised with the above feed composition include, but are not limited to, chickens, ducks, geese, pigs, cattle, sheep; the specific dosage of the nutritional composition can also be adaptively adjusted for varieties with different growth periods and body types.
Also, the kind of the vitamins is not particularly limited in the present application, and preferably, the vitamins are selected from the group consisting of vitamin A and vitamin D 3 Vitamin E and vitamin K 3 Vitamin B 1 Vitamin B 2 Vitamin B 6 Vitamin B 12 At least one of vitamin A acetate.
Typically, the vitamin content is from 0.5 to 12% based on the total mass of the feed composition.
In the application, the mineral is a mineral salt which is conventionally used in the field of poultry feed, and the mineral salt is at least one selected from copper sulfate, ferrous glycine, zinc oxide, manganese methionine, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
Typically, the mineral salt is present in an amount of 0.5 to 12% based on the total mass of the feed composition.
Amino acids may also be added in this application, typically in an amount of 1.5 to 6% amino acids based on the total mass of the feed composition.
In the present application, the amino acid is an amino acid conventionally used in the field of poultry feed, and for example, at least one of L-lysine, L-threonine, DL-methionine and L-isoleucine can be used as the amino acid.
Water and its preparation method
The feed composition of the present application generally comprises a certain amount of water in addition to the above-listed various components, and specifically, the amount of water added is generally 2 to 15% in order to promote uniform mixing of the feed composition and promote propagation of probiotics such as bifidobacteria.
The feed compositions of the present application may be prepared using methods of preparation well known in the art. For example:
(1) Respectively pulverizing the nutritional components according to a certain proportion, sieving with a 50-70 mesh sieve, adding into a mixer, mixing uniformly, and steaming the mixture at high temperature for 1-2h;
(2) Cooling the steamed mixture, adding chitosan, ferulic acid, monolaurin (if any), vitamins, minerals, amino acids, trypsin and lysozyme into the mixture, and stirring uniformly;
(3) Performing propagation on a fermentation strain consisting of bacillus licheniformis (if any), saccharomycetes (if any) and bifidobacterium in an LB (LB) culture medium to obtain fermentation bacterial liquid;
(4) Spraying the fermentation broth obtained in the step (3) and the residual water on the mixture obtained in the step (2), and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix the fermentation broth and the residual water;
(5) Pouring the mixture obtained in the step (4) into a fermentation tank, covering with a film, and performing anaerobic fermentation at 20-30 ℃ for 8-12 hours to obtain the feed composition.
The feed composition prepared by the application can be directly packaged in a sealing way or vacuum packaged, and can be taken immediately after being used.
The present application is further illustrated below in conjunction with the examples. It should be understood that these examples are illustrative only of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
In the examples below, materials, reagents and apparatus used, unless otherwise specified, were commercially available.
Example 1 to example 6
In this application, feed compositions having the following formulations were prepared, respectively, and specific compositions are shown in table 1.
Table 1: the components and amounts (%)
Wherein the vitamin mixture comprises 0.5% of vitamin A and 0.5% of vitamin D 3 0.5% vitamin E, 0.5% vitamin K 3 0.5% vitamin B 1 0.5% vitamin B 2 0.5% vitamin B 6 0.5% vitamin B 12 。
Comparative example 1-comparative example 3
In this application, feed compositions having the following formulations were prepared, respectively, and specific compositions are shown in table 2.
Table 2: the components and amounts (%)
Wherein the vitamin mixture comprises 0.5% of vitamin A and 0.5% of vitamin D 3 0.5% vitamin E, 0.5% vitamin K 3 0.5% vitamin B 1 0.5% vitamin B 2 0.5% vitamin B 6 0.5% vitamin B 12 。
A process for preparing the feed compositions of examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-3 comprising the steps of:
(1) Respectively crushing corn, bean pulp and wheat bran according to a proportion, sieving with a 50-mesh sieve, adding into a mixer, uniformly mixing, and steaming the mixture in a steaming machine for 1.5 hours at high temperature;
(2) Cooling the steamed mixture, adding chitosan, ferulic acid, monolaurin (if any), vitamins, minerals, amino acids, trypsin and lysozyme into the mixture, and stirring uniformly;
(3) Performing propagation on a fermentation strain consisting of bacillus licheniformis, saccharomycetes and bifidobacteria in an LB culture medium for 5 hours to obtain fermentation strain liquid;
(4) Spraying the fermentation broth obtained in the step (3) and water on the mixture obtained in the step (2), and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix the fermentation broth and the water;
(5) Pouring the mixture obtained in the step (4) into a fermentation tank, covering with a film, and performing anaerobic fermentation at 24 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain the feed composition.
Effect verification
The effect of the feed compositions prepared in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 3 was verified, and the feed compositions specifically include:
animal experiment: animal experiments were performed according to the following method;
the experimental object: 720 nursery pigs with initial weight of (9.0+/-0.15) kg and good health condition are selected and randomly divided into 9 groups of 4 replicates each, and 20 replicates each. .
The experimental method comprises the following steps: the pigsty is naturally illuminated and ventilated in daytime, and free feeding and free drinking water are carried out according to normal immunity and management; the experiments were performed for a total of 30 days (1 month) and the weights of the 3 feeds (7:00, 12:00, 18:30) and the next morning residues were recorded faithfully each day;
the initial and final weights were weighed 7:00 a.m. on the day of start and end of the test, and the residue was recovered on the day of weighing.
The test items include:
(1) Total weight gain: the calculation method is as follows: average last-average initial weight;
(2) Feed conversion rate: the calculation method is as follows: total consumption/total weight gain;
(3) Diarrhea rate: the calculation method is as follows: (diarrhea number x days)/(experimental piglet number x experimental days);
(4) Intestinal flora quantity detection: after the test is finished, randomly selecting 2 piglets from each group for slaughtering, and respectively collecting about 3g of duodenal and colonic contents for detecting the number of intestinal flora; the colony counting method for the Escherichia coli assay was carried out using MAIKAI agar (available from Lerun laboratory instruments, inc. of Guangzhou).
The test results of the feed compositions of examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 3 are shown in tables 3 and 4.
Table 3:
| test group | Total weight gain (kg) | Feed conversion ratio (%) | Diarrhea Rate (%) |
| Example 1 | 20.03 | 1.59 | 0 |
| Example 2 | 20.14 | 1.60 | 0 |
| Example 3 | 21.98 | 1.57 | 0 |
| Example 4 | 19.87 | 1.61 | 0.2 |
| Example 5 | 24.76 | 1.49 | 0 |
| Example 6 | 25.31 | 1.47 | 0 |
| Comparative example 1 | 17.41 | 1.67 | 3.5 |
| Comparative example 2 | 18.15 | 1.70 | 2.9 |
| Comparative example 3 | 17.54 | 1.72 | 3.1 |
Table 4:
according to the test results shown in tables 3 and 4, the chitosan, the ferulic acid, the lysozyme and the bifidobacterium are added into the feed composition in examples 1-4, so that the escherichia coli in the intestinal tracts of the livestock can be well inhibited, the digestion and absorption of the feed nutrient composition such as protein, fat and the like in the feed by the livestock can be promoted, the intestinal immunity can be improved, the diarrhea incidence of the livestock can be reduced, and the growth of the livestock can be promoted.
Examples 5-6 lauric acid monoglyceride is added on the basis of examples 1-4, which not only can further improve the digestion, absorption and transportation of the nutrient components of livestock on the basis of chitosan and bifidobacteria; it also can destroy the capsule of bacterial cells, and can act together with chitosan, ferulic acid and lysozyme to inhibit and eliminate coliform in the intestinal tracts of livestock.
Wherein, the optimal addition amount of the lauric acid monoglyceride is 0.8 percent.
In the absence of one of chitosan, ferulic acid or lysozyme, the antibacterial effect of the feed composition is obviously reduced, and the absorption and effect of livestock on nutritional components are affected, so that the total weight gain of the comparative examples 1-3 is obviously reduced, the feed conversion rate is obviously increased, and the antibacterial effect on escherichia coli is obviously reduced.
According to the application, chitosan can act on negative charge groups on the surfaces of bacterial cells, the fluidity and permeability of bacterial cell membranes are changed, lysozyme can be combined with the bacterial cells on the basis of the action of the chitosan, the cell walls of bacteria are further damaged, the bacteria are dissolved and killed, and the sterilization effect of the lysozyme is improved. Meanwhile, ferulic acid can participate in inhibition and destruction of beta-1, 4 glycosidic bond between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine in bacterial cell wall by lysozyme, so that sterilization effect of lysozyme is further improved. The application can obviously inhibit escherichia coli in the intestinal tracts of livestock under the triple actions of chitosan, ferulic acid and lysozyme, improve the intestinal immunity and reduce the incidence of diarrhea of the livestock.
In addition, the chitosan oligosaccharide can promote the propagation of bifidobacteria in the inner wall of the intestinal canal, and is more beneficial to the propagation of bifidobacteria in the antibacterial environment created by ferulic acid and lysozyme, and meanwhile, the chitosan oligosaccharide has the function of improving the tissue morphology of the intestinal canal, can increase the height of microvilli, increase the density, enlarge the absorption area of small intestine, promote the digestion and absorption of livestock and poultry on feed nutritional compositions such as protein, fat and the like in the feed through the multiparty action, and promote the growth of the livestock and poultry.
In conclusion, the feed composition provided by the application has better feed conversion ratio and antibacterial effect, and is more suitable for raising daily livestock.
The foregoing has described in detail the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application, and specific examples have been applied herein to illustrate the principles and implementations of the embodiments of the present application, where the above description of the embodiments is only suitable for helping to understand the principles of the embodiments of the present application; meanwhile, as a person skilled in the art, according to the embodiments of the present application, there are variations in the specific embodiments and the application range, and in summary, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Claims (5)
1. A feed composition of synergistic fermentation of bacterial enzymes, characterized in that the feed composition comprises the following raw materials:
chitosan: 0.1 to 0.5 percent;
ferulic acid: 0.04 to 0.1 percent;
lysozyme: 0.04 to 0.1 percent;
bifidobacteria: 0.1 to 0.6 percent;
based on the total mass of the feed composition raw materials.
2. The feed composition according to claim 1, wherein the feed composition raw material has a mass ratio of ferulic acid to lysozyme of 1:1.
3. Feed composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the feed composition raw materials further comprise: lauric acid monoglyceride: 0.05 to 0.15% based on the total mass of the feed composition.
4. A feed composition according to claim 3, wherein the feed composition feedstock further comprises a nutritional component; the nutritional component is at least one selected from corn, soybean meal, wheat bran and peanut seedling powder.
5. The feed composition of claim 4, wherein the feed composition feedstock further comprises vitamins and/or minerals; wherein the vitamin is at least one selected from vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and vitamin A acetate; the mineral salt is at least one selected from copper sulfate, ferrous glycine, zinc oxide, manganese methionine, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
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| CN110692847A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-01-17 | 河南省科学院生物研究所有限责任公司 | Antibiotic-free mixed feed additive for rabbits |
| CN111345402A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-06-30 | 广州市优百特饲料科技有限公司 | Functional additive and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116831210A (en) * | 2023-08-14 | 2023-10-03 | 广州市杰普饲料生物科技有限公司 | Composite biological feed and method for improving activity of probiotics in composite biological feed |
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