CN117417416B - 用于检测非洲猪瘟病毒的重组抗原蛋白及其制备方法、elisa试剂盒和应用 - Google Patents
用于检测非洲猪瘟病毒的重组抗原蛋白及其制备方法、elisa试剂盒和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于检测非洲猪瘟病毒的重组抗原蛋白及其制备方法、ELISA试剂盒和应用,所述重组抗原蛋白的如SEQ ID No:1所示。本发明公开了一种采用上述重组抗原蛋白的ELISA试剂盒。本发明的重组抗原蛋白具有特异性强、亲和力高的优点,与其它相近的猪病毒病阳性感染血清无血清学交叉反应,而与非洲猪瘟病毒抗体具有极高亲和力,能够快速、准确地检测非洲猪瘟病毒抗体,从而诊断非洲猪瘟病毒的感染情况。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及病毒检测领域,具体地,涉及一种用于检测非洲猪瘟病毒的重组抗原蛋白及其制备方法、ELISA试剂盒和应用。
背景技术
非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(ASF virus,ASFV)感染家猪和欧洲野猪后引起的一种高度致死性、接触传染性疾病,其特征是高热、皮肤发绀以及淋巴结和内脏器官严重出血,最急性型和急性型感染死亡率可高达100%。ASF最早报道于肯尼亚,此后主要在撒哈拉以南的非洲地区及欧洲的撒丁岛呈地方性流行。自2007年以来,ASF在格鲁吉亚、亚美尼亚、阿塞拜疆和俄罗斯等高加索地区暴发,近年来在乌克兰、白俄罗斯、立陶宛、拉脱维亚和波兰也有发生。2018年8月3日,我国辽宁省沈阳市首次确认发生非洲猪瘟疫情,经基因型鉴定,我国流行的ASFV分离株与格鲁吉亚毒株同源性最高,为基因II型。迄今为止,我国已有31个省市报道非洲猪瘟疫情。由于没有安全、有效的商品化疫苗及治疗手段,ASF已成为全球养猪业的重大威胁。
ASFV是非洲猪瘟相关病毒科(Asfarviridae)非洲猪瘟病毒属(Asfivirus)的成员,也是迄今唯一由节肢动物钝缘蜱传播的DNA病毒。其基因组为复杂的双股线状DNA病毒。成熟的ASFV病毒粒子直径约为175-215nm,具有二十面体立体对称结构,病毒粒子由内而外依次为含病毒的基因组、核芯壳层、含基质蛋白的内脂质层、蛋白衣壳以及外层囊膜构成。衣壳由1892-2172个壳粒组成,每个壳粒直径约13nm,形态类似中空的六棱柱。在中国,目前疫情呈现区域流行态势,防控形势异常严峻。然而,目前尚无有效的商品化疫苗和治疗药物,主要通过生物学诊断和扑杀来控制该病。因此,提供一种具有良好的敏感性和特异性的检测方式是本发明亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术,本发明的目的在于针对现有技术中非洲猪瘟病毒的检测方法存在的弊端,从而提供一种以非洲猪瘟重组蛋白作为包被抗原,对ASFV抗体的检测采用间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)的血清学诊断方法,提高了检测的特异性和敏感性,为疫情监测提供了有效的检测手段的用于检测非洲猪瘟病毒的重组抗原蛋白及其制备方法、ELISA试剂盒。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种用于检测非洲猪瘟病毒的重组抗原蛋白,所述重组抗原蛋白的如SEQ ID No:1所示。
优选地,所述重组抗原蛋白的编码基因如SEQ ID No:2所示。
本发明还提供了一种如上述所述的重组抗原蛋白的制备方法,所述制备方法包括:
S100、将如SEQ ID No:2所示的编码基因克隆至载体上,构建形成重组表达质粒;
S200、将得到的重组表达质粒转化感受态细胞后,经培养纯化,得到重组抗原蛋白。
优选地,所述感受态细胞为大肠杆菌。
本发明还提供了一种用于检测非洲猪瘟病毒的ELISA试剂盒,所述ELISA试剂盒包括包被有如上述所述的重组抗原蛋白的检测板、酶标抗体和显色剂。
优选地,所述酶标抗体选自辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗猪IgG。
优选地,所述显色剂至少包括第一显色液和第二显色液;其中,
所述第一显色液包括四甲基联苯胺和溶剂;
所述第二显色液包括柠檬酸、磷酸氢二钠、过氧化氢尿素和溶剂。
优选地,所述显色剂中所述第一显色液和所述第二显色液的用量的体积比为1:0.8-1.2。
本发明还提供了一种如上述所述的重组抗原蛋白在检测非洲猪瘟病毒中的应用。
优选地,待测血清的稀释度为1:150-300。
通过上述技术方案,本发明提供的重组抗原蛋白表达可溶,表达量高,在用于检测非洲猪瘟病毒中的特异性强、亲和力高,且与其它相近的猪病毒感染血清学无交叉反应,而其与非洲猪瘟病毒抗体具有极高亲和力使得其能快速且有效地检测出非洲猪瘟病毒,大大提高了检测精确度和检测效率。同时,基于本发明的重组抗原蛋白作为包被抗原建立的ELISA方法,进一步优化了反应条件,通过ELISA检测结果与阴性对照及阳性对照比较,以得到检测结论,该结论可以检测ASFV隐性感染猪群,为ASFV的临床诊断与预防控制提供参考依据;根据检测结果有选择性的对感染猪群进行扑杀,保护未感染猪群,能减少免疫的盲目性,有效的避免经济损失。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明,但并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中:
图1是实施例1中的编码基因部分表达蛋白抗原表位预测;
图2是实施例1中纯化后的重组抗原蛋白的电泳图。其中,泳道M为分子量标记,泳道1为纯化过程中第一次收获的重组抗原蛋白,泳道2为纯化过程中第二次收获的重组抗原蛋白;
图3是实施例1中采用Western-blot检测重组抗原蛋白分别与非洲猪瘟阳性血清和非洲猪瘟阴性血清的反应原性结果图;其中,左侧为非洲猪瘟阳性血清,右图为非洲猪瘟阴性血清;
图4为应用例1中的特异性检测结果图。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限制本发明。
具体地,本发明提供了一种检测非洲猪瘟病毒的重组抗原蛋白,其序列如SEQ IDNo:1所示。
实施例1、重组抗原蛋白的制备:
选择非洲猪瘟病毒蛋白中呈现病毒高特异性肽段的编码基因(SEQ ID No:2)作为目的基因片段,并将该目的基因片段通过原核表达载体导入宿主细胞中进行表达,得到如SEQ ID No:1所示的预测具有较高的抗原性的重组抗原蛋白。具体的操作步骤包括:
选择如SEQ ID NO:2所示的核苷酸序列作为目的基因,该目的基因片段中包括编码重组抗原蛋白高抗原性区段;根据Genebank上提供的非洲猪瘟病毒B169L蛋白基因(即SEQ ID NO:2所示的核苷酸序列),经过密码子优化之后,由擎科生物(南京)股份有限公司合成含有所述目的基因片段的重组表达质粒,记为pET28a-B169L;将所述重组表达质粒pET28a-B169L转化至感受态的表达宿主细胞中进行表达,培养所述表达宿主细胞使其产生重组抗原蛋白,并通过纯化获取重组抗原蛋白,所述重组抗原蛋白具有如SEQID NO:1所示的重组抗原蛋白。
进一步地,这里的转化有重组表达质粒pET28a-B169L的表达宿主细胞的表达和纯化进一步包括:
A、表达:将含有pET28a-B169L重组表达质粒的表达宿主细胞BL21(DE3)以1:50的比例接种于5mL的LB培养基中(含1:1000稀释的卡那霉素抗性),37℃振荡培养7h后;再将其以1:50的比例分别接种到含有4mL的LB培养基的试管和含有400mL的LB培养基的锥形瓶中(LB中含1:1000稀释的卡那霉素抗性);其中,含有4mL的LB培养基的试管于37℃振荡培养7h,作为未诱导的对照,含有400mL的LB培养基的锥形瓶于37℃振荡培养3h后,加入IPTG(终浓度1mmol/L)诱导表达,在37℃振荡继续培养4h;结束后从试管中各取出500μL新鲜菌液于新的2.0mL的EP管中,5000r/min离心60s;去上清,各自加入40μL的PBS重悬沉淀,用枪吹打均匀,再各自加入10μL的5×蛋白Loading Buffer;100℃水浴10min,5000r/min离心5min,最后取10μL上清进行SDS-PAGE检测;确认菌株表达蛋白后,取剩余的经IPTG诱导的菌液(即锥形瓶中培养后的菌液),离心后用PBS洗两遍,最后用20mL的PBS重悬,并冰浴下进行超声破菌(200W、超声10s停5s,超声60min,每超声20min将菌液摇匀一次)。超声破碎完成后13000r/min离心20min,分别取上清和沉淀进行SDS-PAGE检测以确定蛋白的表达形式。
B、纯化:在确定了重组抗原蛋白以可溶形式存在后,离心取上清并用0.45μm滤器过滤。为了尽可能的纯化完全以排除大肠杆菌的干扰,对重组表达蛋白进行亲和层析方式纯化。由于重组蛋白B169L上有多聚组氨酸(6×His)的标签,故用Ni2+柱对重组蛋白接着进行亲和层析纯化。对Ni2+柱先用10倍体积的超纯水进行清洗,再用同体积的BindingBuffer进行平衡,将处理好的蛋白样品加入到平衡过的Ni2+柱中,用Binding Buffer处理后再用Elution Buffer将蛋白洗脱下来。通过SDS-PAGE检测确认纯化是否完全。最后收集重组抗原蛋白溶液,并于-20℃保存。
对于本发明的重组抗原蛋白,其具有特异性强、亲和力高的优点,与其它相近的非洲猪瘟阴性血清无血清学交叉反应,而与非洲猪瘟病毒抗体具有极高亲和力。在本发明的实施例中,通过将表达获得的重组抗原蛋白经SDS-PAGE分离后,用病毒抗血清进行Western-blot,验证了本发明的重组抗原蛋白具有极高的反应原性,并获取了能高效表达非洲猪瘟病毒特异性重组抗原的基因工程菌株,同时结合采用了该重组抗原蛋白的非洲猪瘟病毒检测试剂盒在其灵敏度试验、特异性试验结果,更进一步地说明了本发明的重组抗原蛋白在用于检测非洲猪瘟病毒抗体时表现出的高灵敏度、高特异性的优势。
对于本发明的重组抗原蛋白制备方法,由于其选择了非洲猪瘟病毒蛋白中呈现病毒高特异性肽段的编码基因作为目的基因片段,该目的基因片段中包括编码重组抗原蛋白预测其具有较高的抗原性。该方法中采用的原核表达载体和表达宿主菌,使重组抗原蛋白具备高效的表达效果。另外,在本发明的实施例中,通过将表达获得的抗原蛋白经SDS-PAGE分离后,用病毒抗血清进行Western-blot,同时结合采用了该重组抗原蛋白的非洲猪瘟病毒检测试剂盒在其灵敏度试验、特异性试验结果,更进一步地说明了本发明的重组抗原蛋白的制备方法在高效表达可溶性重组抗原蛋白、以及保证本发明重组抗原蛋白的高灵敏度、高特异性方面表现出的优势。
实施例2、ELISA试剂盒的制备
A、抗原最佳包被浓度和血清最佳稀释度的确定:采用方阵滴定法,用包被液(pH9.6的0.05mol/L的碳酸盐缓冲液)将实施例1中制得的重组抗原蛋白溶液进行2倍比稀释,终浓度分别为0.5、1、2、4、8、16μg/mL,每孔加入50μL,每个稀释度重复两排,置于4℃包被过夜;然后用洗涤液(pH7.4的PBST溶液)洗涤5次,每次3min;每孔加入200μL封闭液(5%脱脂奶粉)于37℃封闭2h;用洗涤液洗涤5次,每次3min;将非洲猪瘟阴性血清和阳性血清用封闭液分别作1:50、1:100、1:200、1:400、1:800、1:1600倍比稀释,取100μL分别加入各孔中,于37℃孵育1h;用洗涤液洗涤5次,每次3min;将封闭液稀释的HRP标记山羊抗猪IgG二抗(1:4000稀释)加入到各孔中,每孔100μL,37℃孵育1h;用洗涤液洗涤5次,每次3min;最后每孔加入100μL的TMB显色液,于37℃避光显色15min,并向每孔加入50μL的反应终止液(2mol/L的H2SO4溶液),用酶标仪读取在450nm波长处的吸光度值(OD450nm)。选择阳性血清孔的OD450nm值在2.0左右,阴性血清孔的OD450nm值在0.3左右作为最适抗原包被浓度和血清稀释度。
当重组抗原蛋白的抗原包被浓度为4μg/mL,血清稀释度为1:200时,阳性血清OD450mm值接近2,阴性血清OD450mm值接近0.3。故确定最适抗原包被浓度为4μg/mL,血清最佳稀释度为1:200。
B、待检血清最佳反应时间的确定:按照最佳抗原浓度包被酶标板,4℃包被过夜且洗涤后,加入3%脱脂乳封闭1h,分别加入经过最适稀释倍数稀释的阴性、阳性血清,按照37℃孵育时间不同分成4组:组1为15min、组2为30min、组3为45min、组4为60min。洗涤后再加入HRP标记的山羊抗猪IgG二抗,最后加入TMB显色并加入终止液。读取OD450nm,比较各组的读值以及P/N值,选择P/N值最大时的血清反应时间为最适血清反应时间。当一抗血清在37℃作用60min时P/N值最高,因此确定待检血清最佳作用时间为60min。
C、ELISA试剂盒的内容物包括(同时给出一组实验一般使用的各原料的大概用量):
抗体检测板:用0.05M碳酸盐缓冲液(pH9.6)稀释纯化的ASFV重组蛋白B169L,用方阵法确定最佳包被浓度为4μg/mL,取可拆96孔酶标板,每孔加入50μL,4℃包被24小时后用含0.05%吐温-20(体积比)的PBS(pH7.4)洗涤液(PBST)洗涤2次,用3%脱脂奶粉(质量体积比)37℃封闭1小时,用PBST充分洗涤,室温风干,制备抗体检测板。具体地,这里采用抗体检测板条,即每个试剂盒包含2块ELISA板,每块板含可拆卸的已包被重组抗原蛋白的ELISA板条,规格为8孔×12条。
阴性和阳性对照血清:这里采用的阴性血清为未感染非洲猪瘟的猪血清,阳性血清为非洲猪瘟感染血清(采购自中国药品生物制品检定所)。用量各0.2mL。
稀释液:即3%脱脂奶粉,是取3g脱脂奶粉,加PBS溶解,并定容至100mL得到。用量为60mL。
洗涤液:取80g的NaCl、2g的KCl、2g的KH2PO4、29g的Na2HPO4·12H2O及5mL吐温-20,加蒸馏水定容至1L,调pH值到7.4制成10倍(10×)浓度的洗涤液,用时加蒸馏水稀释10倍到直接使用浓度,得到洗涤液。即10倍浓缩的含0.5%吐温-20的1M的PBS(pH7.4)75mL。
底物显色液:称取200mg四甲基联苯胺(TMB),用100mL无水乙醇或DMSO溶解后,以双蒸水定容至1000mL,配置显色液A;称取9.33g柠檬酸、14.6g磷酸氢二钠(Na2HPO4·12H2O)及6.4mL0.75%过氧化氢尿素,调pH值到5.0-5.4,加双蒸水定容至1000mL,配制显色液B。显色液A、B等体积混合,即为底物显色液。用量为15mL。
终止液:为2M的H2SO4(缓慢滴加浓硫酸111mL到889mL的超纯水中,并不断搅拌混匀而成)。用量为15mL。
HRP标记羊抗猪抗体:用量为5μL。
实施例3、ELISA试剂盒的应用
以纯化、鉴定并测定后的重组抗原蛋白作为抗原包被ELISA微孔板,分别以非洲猪瘟阳性血清和非洲猪瘟阴性血清做为一抗,间接ELISA法检测猪血清,具体步骤如下:
(1)包被:分别将纯化的重组抗原蛋白用pH9.6的碳酸盐缓冲液分别稀释至浓度为4μg/mL,50μL/孔,于4℃包被过夜;
(2)洗涤:甩去孔内液体,加入PBST缓冲液(含0.05%Tween-20的PBS缓冲液,pH7.6),200μL/孔洗涤3次,拍干;
(3)封闭:按照200μL/孔加入含3%脱脂乳的PBS缓冲液,37℃封闭1h;
(4)洗涤:重复步骤(2);
(5)加一抗:将临床血清稀释(1∶200)后加入微孔板内,100μL/孔,37℃孵育1h;
(6)洗涤:重复步骤(2);
(7)加二抗:向各孔内加入100μL的HRP标记的羊抗人IgG抗体(1∶4000)37℃孵育1h;
(8)洗涤:重复步骤(2);
(9)显色:分别加TMB显色剂A液和B液各100μL,避光显色15min后加入终止液;
(10)测定:用酶标仪在450nm波长下读数,取34份已知非洲猪瘟抗体阴性的猪血清,按步骤二确定的最佳反应条件,进行间接ELISA反应。样本OD450值≥阴性样本OD450值的平均值(X)+3(标准差),可在99%的水平上判为阳性,当样本OD450值<阴性样本OD450值的平均值(X)+3(标准差)时,判为阴性。根据各重组蛋白与各临床血清的反应情况,评价重组蛋白的免疫反应性。
应用例1
将猪瘟病毒(CSFV)阳性血清、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)阳性血清和猪圆环病毒(PCV)阳性血清按照实施例3的方法进行检测,得到的结果是均为阴性,体现了本发明的检测具有很高的特异性。
应用例2
取不同批次的包被重组抗原蛋白的抗体检测板,按照实施例3的方法采用相同条件的ELISA方法检测2份阳性血清样本和4份随机阴性血清样本,进行批间重复性检验,得到的结果如表1所示,其中,样品1和样品2为阳性血清样本,样品3-6为阴性血清样本,检测结果的变异系数在0.031%-0.111%之间。由此可知:本发明所提供的重组抗原蛋白、ELISA试剂盒和检测方式具有很好的重复性。
表1
通过上述实施例可以看出,本发明的技术方案具有以下有益效果:
(1)敏感性高:本发明基于ELISA技术,比传统病毒中和试验(VNT)、琼脂免疫扩散试验(AGID)检测敏感性高100倍-200倍;
(2)特异性好:本发明采用的重组抗原蛋白包被检测板,能更好地反映机体非洲猪瘟病毒感染血清抗体水平,减少了与其他疾病血清抗体交叉影响;
(3)高通量:本发明基于ELISA技术,可应用于大批量样本的检测,方便、快捷,操作简单,成本低。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节,在本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是,在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征,在不矛盾的情况下,可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合,为了避免不必要的重复,本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外,本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合,只要其不违背本发明的思想,其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于检测非洲猪瘟病毒的重组抗原蛋白,其特征在于,所述重组抗原蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No:1所示。
2.根据权利要求1所述的重组抗原蛋白,其特征在于,所述重组抗原蛋白的编码基因如SEQ ID No:2所示。
3.一种如权利要求1或2所述的重组抗原蛋白的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括:
S100、将如SEQ ID No:2所示的编码基因克隆至载体上,构建形成重组表达质粒;
S200、将得到的重组表达质粒转化感受态细胞后,经培养纯化,得到重组抗原蛋白。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述感受态细胞为大肠杆菌。
5.一种用于检测非洲猪瘟病毒的ELISA试剂盒,其特征在于,所述ELISA试剂盒包括包被有如权利要求1或2所述的重组抗原蛋白的检测板、酶标抗体和显色剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的ELISA试剂盒,其特征在于,所述酶标抗体选自辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗猪IgG。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的ELISA试剂盒,其特征在于,所述显色剂至少包括第一显色液和第二显色液;其中,
所述第一显色液包括四甲基联苯胺和溶剂;
所述第二显色液包括柠檬酸、磷酸氢二钠、过氧化氢尿素和溶剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的ELISA试剂盒,其特征在于,所述显色剂中所述第一显色液和所述第二显色液的用量的体积比为1:0.8-1.2。
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