CN117378747A - 一种具有调节肠道炎症功能的藕粉果冻及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有调节肠道炎症功能的藕粉果冻及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A23L29/256—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin from seaweeds, e.g. alginates, agar or carrageenan
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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Abstract
本发明提供一种具有调节肠道炎症功能的藕粉果冻及其制备方法,涉及功能性食品加工技术领域。所述具有调节肠道炎症功能的藕粉果冻由莲藕超微全粉、卡拉胶、魔芋粉、代糖和水制成,其中莲藕超微全粉的制备方法为:去皮、切片、汽爆、干燥、粉碎、超微粉碎,且制备果冻过程中将莲藕超微全粉进行水浴熟化处理再混合。本发明克服了现有技术的不足,采用莲藕超微全粉制备果冻,在保证良好的风味和口感的同时有效保证其消炎保健效果,有效改善肠道炎症,提升产品的食用安全性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及功能性食品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种具有调节肠道炎症功能的藕粉果冻及其制备方法。
背景技术
胃肠道保健是目前功能食品科学中最热的研究领域之一,约有60%的功能食品都与肠道和免疫系统有关,胃肠道健康失衡与人们饮食结构、作息习惯密切相关,随着社会经济的发展,人们的生活节奏逐渐加快,多种因素引发的肠道健康问题越来越常见,仅仅在中国,就超过3000万人承受着顽固性肠道炎症疾病痛苦,超过90%的人存在肠道健康问题。因此开发针对提升肠道健康的功能性产品具有重要意义。
莲藕是一种产量高且营养丰富的水生蔬菜,营养价值很高,含有丰富的碳水化合物、维生素、矿物质、多酚化合物等营养成分。莲藕全粉是新鲜莲藕经清洗、去皮、干燥、粉碎等步骤加工而成的产品,保留了除皮以外的全部干物质,包括蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素、矿物质及膳食纤维等,全藕粉中保留着较高含量的多酚、多糖类功能成分,具有抗氧化、预防冠心病等多种健康益处,此外还具有益生元潜力,在促进肠道有益菌的生长,改善人体结肠内微生物群落,促进肠道内有益菌的繁殖等潜在生理功能,改善肠道健康方面具有重要作用。
莲藕超微全粉是将莲藕干燥之后利用超微粉碎技术将干藕粉碎,得到的尺寸在10微米左右的莲藕全粉,相比于普通莲藕全粉,其可溶性固形物含量、冲调性、等理化性质均得到显著改善,并显著增加了蛋白质、水溶性膳食纤维、总糖、还原糖、总酚、维生素C等营养物质的溶出,抗氧化活性显著增强。因此利用莲藕超微全粉,开发具有调节肠道健康的功能性食品,具有广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
针对现有技术不足,本发明提供一种具有调节肠道炎症功能的藕粉果冻及其制备方法,采用莲藕超微全粉制备果冻,在保证良好的风味和口感的同时有效保证其消炎保健效果,有效改善肠道炎症,提升产品的食用安全性。
为实现以上目的,本发明的技术方案通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种具有调节肠道炎症功能的藕粉果冻,所述藕粉果冻由以下质量百分数的原料组成的:莲藕超微全粉1.5~3.5%、卡拉胶1~3%、魔芋粉0~0.5%、代糖7%,以及余量的水;其中莲藕超微全粉为将莲藕切片后汽爆再干燥粉碎,后进行超微粉碎制得。
优选的,所述莲藕超微全粉的具体制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1、新鲜莲藕洗净削皮后,切成2-3mm薄片进行汽爆处理后取出干燥,得干燥藕片;
S2、将干燥藕片用高速万能粉碎机破碎制成粉末,得到普通莲藕全粉备用;
S3、将普通莲藕全粉投入高能纳米冲击磨中,粉碎6h,得莲藕超微全粉。
优选的,所述步骤S1中汽爆处理的方式为在2Mpa的压强下采用120℃热蒸汽处理40-50s。
优选的,所述步骤S1中干燥的处理方式为将汽爆处理后的藕片取出平铺于65℃热风干燥箱内干燥24h后。
优选的,所述步骤S2中普通莲藕全粉的具体制备方法为在高速万能粉碎机中粉碎10s,重复3次,每次间隔3min,过60目筛。
优选的,所述步骤S3中粉碎的条件为设置高能纳米冲击磨中转速为380r/min,且碎腔温度≤20℃。
具有调节肠道炎症功能的藕粉果冻的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)备料:按照质量百分比预先称取足量的卡拉胶、魔芋粉、代糖、莲藕超微全粉和水备用;
(2)初步混料:将卡拉胶、魔芋粉和代糖干混均匀后,将其加入到20倍质量的水中,于水浴搅拌均匀得到料液A;
(3)将莲藕超微全粉加入剩余体积的水中溶解,水浴熟化搅拌均匀,得到料液B;
(4)将料液B缓慢加入到料液A中,混合均匀,放入水浴锅中继续搅拌均匀得到料液D;
(5)对料液D进行灌装、封口处理后灭菌,得到具有调节肠道炎症功能的藕粉果冻。
优选的,所述步骤(2)中水浴搅拌的方式为80℃水浴温度下加热搅拌30min,步骤(3)中水浴熟化搅拌的方式为100℃水浴温度下加热搅拌30min;步骤(4)中水浴搅拌的方式为80℃水浴温度下加热搅拌10min。
优选的,所述步骤(5)中灭菌处理的方式为在85-90℃温度下灭菌20min,且灭菌处理后冷却至温度30-40℃。
本发明提供一种具有调节肠道炎症功能的藕粉果冻及其制备方法,与现有技术相比优点在于:
本发明采用汽爆后干燥粉碎再超微粉碎的方式制备莲藕超微全粉,并将莲藕超微全粉水浴熟化后混合卡拉胶、魔芋粉等物质制备果冻,能够有效改善肠道炎症,并且保证营养物质的溶出,同时能够使果冻具有良好的口感和风味,且本发明制备工艺简单,原料廉价易得,产品在改善肠道炎症方面具有优势,不含防腐剂,提高了食用安全性,降低了生产成本。
附图说明:
图1为本发明果蝇寿命测定中各组果蝇平均寿命曲线图;
图2为本发明果蝇寿命测定中,各组果蝇培养15d和30d时果蝇的攀爬能力柱状图;
图3为本发明果蝇肠道炎症生存实验中各组果蝇的存活率曲线图;
图4为本发明果蝇肠道炎症通透性实验中各组果蝇染色效果图;
图5为本发明果蝇肠道上皮细胞死亡数目检测中各组果蝇肠道上皮细胞荧光染色图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面结合本发明实施例对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:
藕粉果冻的制备:
(1)莲藕超微全粉的制备:
S1、新鲜莲藕洗净削皮后,切成2-3mm薄片,后在2Mpa的压强下采用120℃热蒸汽处理40s,取出干燥,得干燥藕片;
S2、将干燥藕片采用高速万能粉碎机中粉碎10s,重复3次,每次间隔3min,过60目筛,得到普通莲藕全粉备用;
S3、将普通莲藕全粉投入高能纳米冲击磨中,调节转速为380r/min,控制碎腔温度≤20℃,粉碎6h,得莲藕超微全粉;
(2)按照以下质量百分比来称取原料:
莲藕超微全粉2.5%,卡拉胶2%,魔芋粉0.3%,木糖醇7%,以及余量的水;
(3)将卡拉胶、魔芋粉和木糖醇混合均匀,将其加入到20倍质量的水中,于水浴锅中80℃加热搅拌30min,得到料液A;
(4)将莲藕超微全粉加入剩余体积的水中溶解,于水浴锅中100℃加热搅拌30min,得到料液B;
(5)将料液B缓慢加入到料液A中,混合均匀,放入水浴锅中80℃继续加热搅拌10min得到料液D;
(6)对料液D进行灌装、封口处理,再进行霉菌,灭菌处理的温度为90℃,时间为20min,灭菌处理后冷却至温度为35℃,得到成品果冻。
检测:
1、检测上述实施例1果冻中莲藕超微全粉的性能:
(1)原料准备:
①熟藕粉(HLRWP)的制备:
将实施例1步骤(1)中制备的莲藕超微全粉加水溶解后100℃水浴熟化搅拌30min,后干燥得熟藕粉备用;
②生藕粉(FLRWP)的制备:
新鲜莲藕洗净削皮后,切成2-3mm的薄片,平铺于65℃热风干燥箱内干燥24h后取出,将干燥后的藕片用高速万能粉碎机破碎制成粉末,在高速万能粉碎机中粉碎10s,重复3次,每次间隔3min,过60目筛后,得到普通莲藕全粉投入高能纳米冲击磨中,粉碎6h(转速380r/min,粉碎腔温度≤20℃),制得莲藕超微全粉为生藕粉;
③藕淀粉(LRS)的制备:
将鲜藕洗净,加清水用石磨磨成藕浆,将藕浆盛在布袋中,袋下放一个缸或盆,用清水往布袋里冲洗,边冲边搅动袋中藕渣,直到滤出清水时为止;
把冲洗出的藕浆用水漂2天,每天搅动一次,待澄清后,去掉浮在水面上的细藕渣,并除去底层的泥沙,然后把中间的粉浆放在另一容器内,用清水调稀再沉淀,如此反复2次,至藕粉呈白色为止;再用一清洁布袋盛好,用绳吊起,8h沥干水分,将藕淀粉取出,掰成500克左右的粉团,晾晒1小时左右,然后用刀将粉团削成薄片;继续晒干即成藕淀粉;
(2)果蝇寿命测定:
①果蝇基础培养基制备:采用760ml蒸馏水、6.2g琼脂、82.5g玉米粉、62g白糖、7g酵母粉、5ml丙酸制备基础培养基;
②收集同一批次出生的3d龄野生型黑腹果蝇W118,使用CO2将其麻醉后选择体型相近的果蝇区分雌雄,放置在果蝇管中,随机分成4组,每组200只/组,分为20只/管共10管,分别为对照组(Control组,采用基础培养基喂养)和实验组,其中实验组分为三组,分别为FLRWP组(采用生藕粉喂养)、HLRWP组(采用熟藕粉喂养)、LRS组(采用藕淀粉喂养),在恒温恒湿箱中培养,每3d更换一次培养基,统计寿命直到所有果蝇死亡,每个独立实验平行3次。
计算平均寿命,中位寿命和最高寿命,并绘制曲线,具体结果如图1所示,由图1可知HLRWP组的果蝇寿命最长;
同时在培养15d和30d时分别检测各组果蝇的攀爬能力,具体结果如图2所示,其中HLRWP组的果蝇在15d和30d的攀爬能力最佳。
(3)果蝇肠道炎症生存实验:
随机收集对照组和实验组羽化3d的野生型黑腹果蝇w118,具体培养方式如上,实验选取饲养30d的果蝇进行检测,以基础培养基培养为对照组(Control),将基础培养基+50μL的4%DSS溶液诱导炎症组为模型组(Model),将生藕粉+50μL的4%DSS溶液为FLRWP组,将熟藕粉+50μL的4%DSS溶液为HLRWP组,将藕淀粉+50μL的4%DSS溶液为LRS组,用二氧化碳将果蝇麻醉后,每组设置3个果蝇管,每个果蝇管放入20只果蝇,果蝇在空果蝇管中饥饿处理2h,然后转移到底部放有2张圆形滤纸的果蝇管中,向滤纸中分别加入200μL的4%DSS溶液(含6%葡萄糖溶液),使滤纸充分湿润,每24h更换一次滤纸并记录果蝇死亡数,每组实验重复3次,各组的存活率结果如图3所示,其中HLRWP组和LRS组的果蝇存活率较高。
(4)果蝇肠道炎症通透性实验
随机收集对照组和实验组羽化3d的野生型黑腹果蝇w118,果蝇培养如寿命培养方法,实验选取饲养30d的果蝇进行检测,以基础培养基培养为对照组(Control),将基础培养基+50μL的4%DSS溶液诱导炎症组为模型组(Model),将生藕粉+50μL的4%DSS溶液为FLRWP组,将熟藕粉+50μL的4%DSS溶液为HLRWP组,将藕淀粉+50μL的4%DSS溶液为LRS组,在每组原有实验培养基的基础上每100mL培养基添加2.5g blue no.1蓝色染料培养10h,用二氧化碳将果蝇麻醉后,每组随机选取20只果蝇进行实验统计,显微镜下观察果蝇腹部染料区域大小,并记录结果,若果蝇肠道基底损伤严重,会使得肠道通透性增加,食入的亮蓝溶液会浸染口器、消化道、腹腔、胸腔、头部等部位,使得果蝇通体呈现蓝色,反之则亮蓝溶液只浸染口器与消化道。每个独立实验平行3次。具体结果见图4,其中(a)为对照组(Control),几乎不见蓝色;(b)为模型组(Model),果蝇整体出现蓝色;(c)为FLRWP组,果蝇一部分呈蓝色;(d)为HLRWP组,果蝇一部分呈蓝色;(e)为LRS组,果蝇一部分呈蓝色;其中(d)组的蓝色范围最小。
(5)果蝇肠道上皮细胞死亡数目检测
随机收集上述果蝇寿命测定中正常培养基、实验组培养基中羽化3d的果蝇,经过2h饥饿处理后喂食4%DSS溶液(含6%葡萄糖溶液)至果蝇存活率为50%时,在显微镜下分离12~15条完整果蝇肠道放置在PBS中,加入1:200稀释的7-AAD(观察肠道上皮细胞死亡数目)于常温染色30min,PBS洗3次每次5min,4%多聚甲醛固定30min,PBS洗3次每次5min,DAPI染色10min,PBS洗3次每次5min,将果蝇肠道均匀摆于载玻片上,滴加甘油,轻轻放上盖玻片封片。将装片放置于荧光显微镜下观察并拍照,每组实验重复2次,具体结果如图5,其中HLRWP+4%DSS组的细胞凋亡数量最少。
3、果冻的感官评价:
莲藕超微全粉果冻的制备:固定木糖醇和水占比95%,卡拉胶、魔芋粉和莲藕超微全粉占比5%
根据下表1称取一定量的卡拉胶和魔芋粉溶于水(80℃、70ml)于水浴锅边加热边搅拌溶胶30min,水浴锅温度80℃。
表1:混料实验设计方案
混料因子 | 最低限度 | 最高限度 |
莲藕超微全粉 | 30% | 80% |
拉卡胶 | 20% | 60% |
魔芋粉 | 0 | 10% |
以100g为例,根据表5.1称取一定量的莲藕超微全粉和称取7g木糖醇加入水(100℃、18ml)搅拌1min。将溶解好的莲藕超微全粉、卡拉胶、魔芋粉混合均匀,放入水浴锅80℃进行加热搅拌30min。将溶解好的胶体倒入模具中冷却成型,通过混料实验进行工艺优化并以感官为评价标准,评价标准如表2所示:
表2:感官评价标准
具体感官设计评分结果如下表3:
表3莲藕超微全粉果冻的最优混料设计与感官评分
实验组 | 莲藕超微全粉% | B卡拉胶% | C魔芋粉% | 感官评分 |
1 | 62.5 | 30.0 | 7.5 | 81.52 |
2 | 70.0 | 20.0 | 10.0 | 80.50 |
3 | 50.0 | 40.0 | 10.0 | 89.75 |
4 | 60.0 | 40.0 | 0.0 | 71.25 |
5 | 40.0 | 60.0 | 0.0 | 62.75 |
6 | 80.0 | 20.0 | 0.0 | 74.54 |
7 | 75.0 | 20.0 | 5.0 | 73.54 |
8 | 42.5 | 50.0 | 7.5 | 81.34 |
9 | 35.0 | 60.0 | 5.0 | 64.75 |
10 | 30.0 | 60.0 | 10.0 | 79.75 |
11 | 47.5 | 50.0 | 2.5 | 70.75 |
12 | 67.5 | 30.0 | 2.5 | 74.25 |
13 | 55.0 | 40.0 | 5.0 | 73.15 |
混料设计中卡拉胶、魔芋粉和莲藕全粉三者比例之和为100%,占果冻总重量的5%。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种具有调节肠道炎症功能的藕粉果冻,其特征在于,所述藕粉果冻由以下质量百分数的原料组成的:莲藕超微全粉1.5~3.5%、卡拉胶1~3%、魔芋粉0~0.5%、代糖7%,以及余量的水;
其中莲藕超微全粉为将莲藕切片后汽爆再干燥粉碎,后进行超微粉碎制得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有调节肠道炎症功能的藕粉果冻,其特征在于:所述莲藕超微全粉的具体制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1、新鲜莲藕洗净削皮后,切成2-3mm薄片进行汽爆处理后取出干燥,得干燥藕片;
S2、将干燥藕片用高速万能粉碎机破碎制成粉末,得到普通莲藕全粉备用;
S3、将普通莲藕全粉投入高能纳米冲击磨中,粉碎6h,得莲藕超微全粉。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种具有调节肠道炎症功能的藕粉果冻,其特征在于:所述步骤S1中汽爆处理的方式为在2Mpa的压强下采用120℃热蒸汽处理40-50s。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种具有调节肠道炎症功能的藕粉果冻,其特征在于:所述步骤S1中干燥的处理方式为将汽爆处理后的藕片取出平铺于65℃热风干燥箱内干燥24h后。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种具有调节肠道炎症功能的藕粉果冻,其特征在于:所述步骤S2中普通莲藕全粉的具体制备方法为在高速万能粉碎机中粉碎10s,重复3次,每次间隔3min,过60目筛。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种具有调节肠道炎症功能的藕粉果冻,其特征在于:所述步骤S3中粉碎的条件为设置高能纳米冲击磨中转速为380r/min,且碎腔温度≤20℃。
7.一种如权利要求1-6任一所述的具有调节肠道炎症功能的藕粉果冻的制备方法,其特征在于:所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)备料:按照质量百分比预先称取足量的卡拉胶、魔芋粉、代糖、莲藕超微全粉和水备用;
(2)初步混料:将卡拉胶、魔芋粉和代糖干混均匀后,将其加入到20倍质量的水中,于水浴搅拌均匀得到料液A;
(3)将莲藕超微全粉加入剩余体积的水中溶解,水浴熟化搅拌均匀,得到料液B;
(4)将料液B缓慢加入到料液A中,混合均匀,放入水浴锅中继续搅拌均匀得到料液D;
(5)对料液D进行灌装、封口处理后灭菌,得到具有调节肠道炎症功能的藕粉果冻。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种具有调节肠道炎症功能的藕粉果冻的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中水浴搅拌的方式为80℃水浴温度下加热搅拌30min,步骤(3)中水浴熟化搅拌的方式为100℃水浴温度下加热搅拌30min;步骤(4)中水浴搅拌的方式为80℃水浴温度下加热搅拌10min。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种具有调节肠道炎症功能的藕粉果冻的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中灭菌处理的方式为在85-90℃温度下灭菌20min,且灭菌处理后冷却至温度30-40℃。
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