CN117224606A - Compound for preventing and treating bacterial diseases of poultry and application thereof - Google Patents
Compound for preventing and treating bacterial diseases of poultry and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a compound for preventing and treating bacterial diseases of poultry and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of veterinary medicine, wherein the compound comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-20 parts of astragalus extract, 4-10 parts of chestnut shell extract and 1-5 parts of peach leaf extract. The raw material medicines selected by the application have the functions of clearing heat and detoxicating, tonifying qi and raising yang, resisting bacteria and diminishing inflammation and enhancing immunity when being combined, have good control effect on common bacterial diseases of poultry, are not easy to generate drug resistance, cannot generate drug residues harmful to human health, are easy to obtain, have low cost and are beneficial to large-scale feeding and use.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of veterinary medicine, in particular to a compound for preventing and treating bacterial diseases of poultry and application thereof.
Background
With the development of agricultural and rural economy in China, large-scale cultivation becomes an important way for farmers to increase income and become rich. The poultry cultivation gradually develops from free-range cultivation to large-scale cultivation, brings great economic benefit to raisers, and also drives and promotes the rapid development of poultry industry. In the course of poultry farming, disease control is very important, bacterial diseases are the most common disease species that endanger poultry, such as chicken/duck colibacillosis, chicken/duck salmonellosis, chicken/duck staphylococci, etc. At present, most of medicines for preventing and treating bacterial diseases of poultry are antibiotics and chemically synthesized antibacterial medicines, such as enrofloxacin, streptomycin, gentamicin, amoxicillin, sulfonamides and the like, and the problem of drug resistance is increasingly serious along with the wide clinical application of the antibacterial medicines, so that multiple drug resistant strains and super drug resistant bacteria appear, great harm is brought to the health of people and animals, and the problem of bacterial drug resistance has become a focus problem of public health and agricultural product safety.
In the face of the increasingly severe drug resistance situation of bacteria and the increasingly strict use of antibiotics, the search for effective traditional Chinese medicines for bacterial control is one of the more feasible methods. The Chinese herbal medicine has long history in application, is recorded in ancient times for preventing and treating poultry diseases, and has a plurality of earth law proved recipe accumulated in folks, and the effect is obvious. The Chinese herbal medicine contains abundant proteins, amino acids, vitamins, trace elements, polysaccharides, organic acids and various natural active ingredients, and can supplement the nutrition requirements of livestock and poultry when added into the feed. The Chinese herbal medicines have the characteristics of combination compatibility and bidirectional regulation, have less harmful residues in animal bodies, have small toxic and side effects, and are not easy to cause pathogenic microorganisms to generate drug resistance. Astragalus membranaceus (Astragalus) has long history of application in China, is one of the earliest Chinese traditional medicines for tonifying middle-jiao and Qi, belongs to perennial plants of grasses, is widely distributed around the world, has very wide application, has the functions of anti-inflammatory, antivirus, antioxidation, immunity improvement and the like, and is applied to the treatment of diseases of people and animals in China and southeast Asia and other countries for a long time. Chestnut is a shell-fight plant, belongs to nut arbor economic plants, is widely distributed in Asia, america and Europe, the planting area and yield of Chinese chestnut are all first in the world, and a large amount of chestnut shells are produced after the Chinese chestnut is processed and are mainly discarded in modes of burning, discarding and the like. Chestnut shells are slightly bitter and astringent in flavor, and have the effects of lowering adverse flow of qi, promoting fluid production, reducing phlegm, relieving cough, clearing heat, resolving masses and stopping bleeding. It is used for treating regurgitation, vomiting, diabetes, cough with excessive phlegm, pertussis, parotitis, scrofula, epistaxis, hematochezia, etc. The peach leaf contains glucoside, hydroxyl and various organic acids, has the effects of clearing heat and detoxicating, killing parasites and relieving itching, and can be used for treating malaria, carbuncle furuncle, hemorrhoid, eczema, trichomonas vaginalis and other diseases. At present, no report that the combination of astragalus, chestnut shells and peach leaves is used for preventing and treating poultry bacterial diseases is found.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a compound for preventing and treating bacterial diseases of poultry and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme:
the first aspect of the application provides a compound for preventing and treating bacterial diseases of poultry, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-20 parts of astragalus extract, 4-10 parts of chestnut shell extract and 1-5 parts of peach leaf extract.
Preferably, the compound comprises the following components in parts by mass: 15 parts of astragalus extract, 7 parts of chestnut shell extract and 3 parts of peach leaf extract.
Preferably, the astragalus extract is obtained by the following method:
(1) Drying radix astragali, pulverizing, sieving to obtain radix astragali powder, adding water into radix astragali powder, mixing, ultrasonic extracting for 2-4 times, and filtering to obtain water extractive solution;
(2) Adding absolute ethanol into the water extract to adjust the alcohol concentration to 80%, standing, filtering to obtain supernatant, concentrating, and drying to obtain radix astragali extract.
Preferably, in the step (2), the feed liquid ratio of the astragalus powder to the water is 1g: (15-25) ml, the ultrasonic extraction time is 20-30min, and the ultrasonic power is 150-200W.
Preferably, the chestnut shell extract is obtained by the following method:
(1) Drying and crushing chestnut shells, and sieving to obtain chestnut shell powder;
(2) Adding water into chestnut shell powder, boiling to obtain a mixed solution, cooling the mixed solution, adding cellulase and xylanase, performing microwave-assisted enzymolysis for 4-7min, continuing enzymolysis, inactivating enzyme after enzymolysis is completed, and cooling to obtain an enzymolysis solution;
(3) Centrifuging the enzymolysis liquid, collecting supernatant, concentrating, and drying to obtain chestnut shell extract.
Preferably, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the chestnut shell powder to the water is 1:15-20, the addition amount of the cellulase is 1% -2% of the mass of the mixed solution, and the addition amount of the xylanase is 1% -2% of the mass of the mixed solution.
Preferably, in the step (2), the conditions of microwave-assisted enzymolysis are as follows: extracting for 4-6 times at microwave temperature of 50-60deg.C and microwave power of 400-500W for 15-20s each time at intervals of 1min each time; continuing the enzymolysis at 45-55deg.C for 2-3h.
Preferably, the peach leaf extract is obtained by the following method:
peach leaf powder and distilled water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: mixing 10-15, heating at 80-100deg.C for 10-12 hr, collecting upper layer distilled oil, and dehydrating with anhydrous sodium sulfate to obtain folium Persicae extract.
In a second aspect, the application provides the use of a complex as described above for the preparation of a product for the control of bacterial diseases in poultry.
Preferably, the bacterial disease is colibacillosis of poultry, salmonellosis of poultry, staphylococcosis of poultry, dysentery of poultry, urinary tract infection of poultry or clostridium perfringens of poultry.
The application has the beneficial effects that:
the pharmacology of each component in the traditional Chinese medicine composition is as follows:
astragalus root, radix astragali, invigorating qi and yang, strengthening exterior and arresting sweating, inducing diuresis and detumescence, promoting salivation and nourishing blood, activating stagnancy and relieving arthralgia, expelling toxin and pus, healing sore and promoting granulation, and the like, and also has the effects of improving immunity, resisting fatigue, reducing blood sugar and the like; chestnut shells are slightly bitter and astringent in taste, have the effects of lowering the adverse flow of qi, promoting the production of body fluid, reducing phlegm, relieving cough, clearing heat, resolving masses and stopping bleeding, and are commonly used for treating symptoms such as regurgitation, vomit, diabetes, cough with excessive phlegm, pertussis, parotitis, scrofula, epistaxis, hematochezia and the like; peach tree leaf has effects of clearing heat and detoxicating, killing parasites and relieving itching, resisting bacteria and diminishing inflammation, and can be used for malaria, carbuncle furuncle, hemorrhoid, eczema and trichomonas vaginalis.
The raw material medicines selected by the application have the functions of clearing heat and detoxicating, tonifying qi and raising yang, resisting bacteria and diminishing inflammation and enhancing immunity when being combined, have good control effect on common bacterial diseases of poultry, are not easy to generate drug resistance, cannot generate drug residues harmful to human health, are easy to obtain, have low cost and are beneficial to large-scale feeding and use.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical scheme of the present application, the technical scheme of the present application will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The test materials used in the examples of the present application are all conventional in the art and are commercially available.
The strain used in the experiment: coli (Escherichia coli) was purchased from the China center for type culture collection (cctccc AB 2012886); salmonella (Salmonella sp.) was purchased from China center for type culture Collection, with a accession number of CCTCC CB 20082511; staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) is purchased from China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) CB 20081848; shigella (Escherichia coli) is purchased from China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) AB 91116; proteus mirabilis (Proteus mirabilis) is purchased from China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) with the preservation number of GB 2008263; clostridium perfringens (Clostridium perfringens) was purchased from the chinese industrial microbiological bacterial collection center under the accession number cic c 25011.
The cellulase used in the present application is purchased from Shandong Duckweed Biotech Co., ltd., product number: 291, purity: 99.9% or more.
The xylanase used in the application is purchased from Shandong Duckweed Biotechnology Co., ltd., product number: 169 purity: 99.9% or more.
Example 1: preparation of complex for preventing and treating bacterial diseases of poultry
1. The raw materials comprise the following components in parts by mass: 10 parts of astragalus extract, 4 parts of chestnut shell extract and 1 part of peach leaf extract;
2. the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of astragalus extract:
drying radix astragali, pulverizing, and sieving to obtain radix astragali powder; adding water into astragalus powder, and uniformly mixing, wherein the feed liquid ratio of the astragalus powder to the water is 1g:20ml; ultrasonic extraction is carried out for 4 times, the ultrasonic extraction time is 25min, and the ultrasonic power is 200W; filtering to obtain water extract; adding absolute ethanol into the water extract to adjust the alcohol concentration to 80%, standing, filtering to obtain supernatant, concentrating, and drying to obtain radix astragali extract;
(2) Preparing chestnut shell extract:
drying and crushing chestnut shells, and sieving to obtain chestnut shell powder; adding water into chestnut shell powder, boiling to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the mass ratio of the chestnut shell powder to the water is 1:18; adding cellulase and xylanase after cooling the mixed solution, wherein the addition amount of the cellulase is 1.5% of the mass of the mixed solution, and the addition amount of the xylanase is 1.5% of the mass of the mixed solution; the microwave-assisted enzymolysis is utilized for 6.5min, and the conditions of the microwave-assisted enzymolysis are as follows: extracting for 6 times at a microwave temperature of 55deg.C and a microwave power of 500W for 15s each time at intervals of 1min each time; then continuing to carry out enzymolysis for 3 hours at the temperature of 50 ℃, inactivating enzyme after the enzymolysis is finished, and cooling to obtain an enzymolysis liquid; centrifuging the enzymolysis liquid, concentrating the supernatant, and drying to obtain chestnut shell extract;
(3) Preparation of peach leaf extract:
peach leaf powder and distilled water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:12, mixing, heating at 85 ℃ for 10 hours, collecting upper distilled oil, and dehydrating by anhydrous sodium sulfate to obtain peach leaf extract;
(4) The astragalus extract, the chestnut shell extract and the peach leaf extract are weighed according to parts by mass and uniformly mixed to obtain the compound for preventing and treating the bacterial diseases of poultry.
Example 2: preparation of complex for preventing and treating bacterial diseases of poultry
The raw materials comprise the following components in parts by mass: 15 parts of astragalus extract, 7 parts of chestnut shell extract and 3 parts of peach leaf extract;
the preparation method is the same as in example 1, and the compound for preventing and treating bacterial diseases of poultry is prepared.
Example 3: preparation of complex for preventing and treating bacterial diseases of poultry
The raw materials comprise the following components in parts by mass: 20 parts of astragalus extract, 10 parts of chestnut shell extract and 5 parts of peach leaf extract;
the preparation method is the same as in example 1, and the compound for preventing and treating bacterial diseases of poultry is prepared.
Comparative example 1
The astragalus extract prepared by the method of example 1 was used alone as a medicine for preventing and treating bacterial diseases of poultry.
Comparative example 2
The chestnut shell extract prepared by the method of example 1 is used alone as a medicine for preventing and treating bacterial diseases of poultry.
Comparative example 3
The peach leaf extract prepared by the method of example 1 was used alone as a drug for preventing and treating bacterial diseases of poultry.
Test example 1: in vitro bacteriostasis test
Experiments were carried out on the compound for preventing and treating bacterial diseases of poultry prepared in examples 1-3 and the drugs for preventing and treating bacterial diseases of poultry of comparative examples 1-3 with reference to the procedure of 1.2.2 antibacterial effect measurement in the literature of "study on antibacterial activity of extracts of Ligusticum chuanxiong, zingiber officinale and Andrographis paniculata (Zhao Qing et al. Plant protection, 2022).
The test species were E.coli (Escherichia coli), salmonella (Salmonella sp.), staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus aureus), shigella (Escherichia coli), proteus mirabilis (Proteus mirabilis), clostridium perfringens (Clostridium perfringens).
Resuscitates the frozen strain at room temperature, picks a small amount of colony to the central area of PDA plate with inoculating needle, seals, and culturing in incubator at 25deg.C and 73% humidity without illumination. The compound for preventing and treating bacterial diseases of poultry prepared in the examples 1-3 and the traditional Chinese medicine extract of the comparative examples 1-3 are respectively dissolved by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and then respectively diluted into 500mg/L liquid medicine by 1%. 1mL of the liquid medicine is respectively sucked by a pipette and added into 9mL of PDA culture medium to prepare a medicine-containing flat plate with the final concentration of 50 mg/L. E.coli, salmonella, staphylococcus aureus, shigella, proteus mirabilis and clostridium perfringens are activated, then a puncher is used for punching a bacterial cake with the diameter of 4mm, the bacterial cake is placed in a medicine-containing flat plate, 3 blocks of each tray are placed in an equilateral triangle shape, and each treatment is repeated for 3 times, so that a blank control is made without adding a medicine. After each treatment was cultured in an incubator at (24.+ -. 1) ℃ for 72 hours, the expanded diameter of each treated colony was measured, and the antibacterial rate was calculated.
The calculation formula of the bacteriostasis rate is as follows:
R＝(D 0 -D)/(D 0 )×100％
wherein: r is the antibacterial rate, D 0 Colony diameter (mm) for control group and colony diameter (mm) for treatment group.
2. Test results:
TABLE 1 antibacterial Rate of the complexes of examples 1-3, extracts of comparative examples 1-3
As can be seen from Table 1, the antibacterial rates of the astragalus extract, the chestnut shell extract and the peach leaf extract on escherichia coli, salmonella, staphylococcus aureus, shigella, proteus mirabilis and clostridium perfringens are all above 85%, and the antibacterial agent can prevent and treat poultry colibacillosis, poultry salmonellosis, poultry staphylococosis, poultry dysentery (pathogenic bacteria are shigella), poultry urinary tract infection (pathogenic bacteria are proteus mirabilis) and poultry clostridium perfringens. The application combines the astragalus extract, the chestnut shell extract and the peach leaf extract to have a synergistic effect in sterilization.
Test example 2: clinical trial
400 healthy 30-day-old Luhua chickens were selected as test subjects, and each chicken was injected with 0.1ml of E.coli bacteria liquid and 0.1ml of Salmonella liquid into pectoral muscles. Clinical symptoms are mainly marked by listlessness, inappetence, loose and disordered feathers and recumbency during the onset of the disease; severe diarrhea, grey-white feces and watery feces; perianal adhesion by faeces, etc. After 2 days, 250 sick chickens with symptoms similar to those of the above were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups of 50 chickens.
Group 1 was treated with the complex for controlling bacterial diseases of poultry prepared in example 1 of the present application, groups 2 to 4 were treated with the drugs for controlling bacterial diseases of poultry of comparative examples 1 to 3, and the fifth group was a control group. The treatment method comprises the following steps: the administration dose is 1g of the corresponding medicine added into 1L of water, the medicine is concentrated and drunk once for 5 days, and the control group is not administered. After administration, the patients are continuously observed for 7 days, the clinical change and death conditions of each group of test chickens are recorded, the total effective rate and the cure rate are calculated, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Clinical efficacy decision criteria:
the method is effective: after the test is finished, the symptoms, spirit and appetite of the chicken diseases are obviously improved;
and (3) curing: after the test is finished, the symptoms of the sick chickens disappear, the spirit is good, the appetite is increased, and the normal state is completely restored.
Invalidation: symptoms appear during the test, symptoms still remain after the test is finished, or the corresponding symptoms appear and die during the test.
Cure rate = number of cures/50 x 100%
Total effective rate = (cure number + effective number)/50×100%
TABLE 2 therapeutic effects of different drugs on chicken E.coli and Salmonella infection
As can be seen from Table 2, the effective rate of the compound for preventing and treating bacterial diseases of poultry, which is prepared by the application, for preventing and treating chicken colibacillosis and salmonella infection is 98%, which is improved by 92% compared with a blank control group, and the compound has excellent preventing and treating effects on chicken colibacillosis and salmonella.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The compound for preventing and treating the bacterial diseases of the poultry is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 10-20 parts of astragalus extract, 4-10 parts of chestnut shell extract and 1-5 parts of peach leaf extract.
2. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound comprises the following components in parts by mass: 15 parts of astragalus extract, 7 parts of chestnut shell extract and 3 parts of peach leaf extract.
3. The compound of claim 1, wherein the astragalus extract is obtained by the following method:
(1) Drying radix astragali, pulverizing, sieving to obtain radix astragali powder, adding water into radix astragali powder, mixing, ultrasonic extracting for 2-4 times, and filtering to obtain water extractive solution;
(2) Adding absolute ethanol into the water extract to adjust the alcohol concentration to 80%, standing, filtering to obtain supernatant, concentrating, and drying to obtain radix astragali extract.
4. A compound according to claim 3, wherein in step (2), the ratio of astragalus powder to water is 1g: (15-25) ml, the ultrasonic extraction time is 20-30min, and the ultrasonic power is 150-200W.
5. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the chestnut shell extract is obtained by the following method:
(1) Drying and crushing chestnut shells, and sieving to obtain chestnut shell powder;
(2) Adding water into chestnut shell powder, boiling to obtain a mixed solution, cooling the mixed solution, adding cellulase and xylanase, performing microwave-assisted enzymolysis for 4-7min, continuing enzymolysis, inactivating enzyme after enzymolysis is completed, and cooling to obtain an enzymolysis solution;
(3) Centrifuging the enzymolysis liquid, collecting supernatant, concentrating, and drying to obtain chestnut shell extract.
6. The compound according to claim 5, wherein in the step (2), the mass ratio of chestnut shell powder to water is 1:15-20, the addition amount of cellulase is 1% -2% of the mass of the mixed solution, and the addition amount of xylanase is 1% -2% of the mass of the mixed solution.
7. The complex of claim 5, wherein in step (2), the microwave-assisted enzymolysis conditions are: extracting for 4-6 times at microwave temperature of 50-60deg.C and microwave power of 400-500W for 15-20s each time at intervals of 1min each time; continuing the enzymolysis at 45-55deg.C for 2-3h.
8. The compound of claim 1, wherein the peach leaf extract is obtained by the following method:
peach leaf powder and distilled water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: mixing 10-15, heating at 80-100deg.C for 10-12 hr, collecting upper layer distilled oil, and dehydrating with anhydrous sodium sulfate to obtain folium Persicae extract.
9. Use of a complex according to claim 1 or 2 for the preparation of a product for controlling bacterial diseases in poultry.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the bacterial disease is colibacillosis in poultry, salmonellosis in poultry, staphylococci in poultry, dysentery in poultry, urinary tract infection in poultry or clostridium perfringens in poultry.
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