CN117204297A - Cultivation and management method for rhododendron molle and rhododendron molle - Google Patents
Cultivation and management method for rhododendron molle and rhododendron molle Download PDFInfo
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- CN117204297A CN117204297A CN202311391846.8A CN202311391846A CN117204297A CN 117204297 A CN117204297 A CN 117204297A CN 202311391846 A CN202311391846 A CN 202311391846A CN 117204297 A CN117204297 A CN 117204297A
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- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
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- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation and management method of rhododendron molle, and belongs to the technical field of propagation of rhododendron molle. The method comprises a series of steps of site preparation, cutting selection and cutting, cutting processing, cutting and management, transplanting management and the like. The invention establishes a set of high-efficiency cultivation method for the rhododendron molle from the aspects of cutting seedling, matrix selection at each stage, field cultivation management and the like. The cultivation management method for cultivating the rhododendron molle in large scale is simple and convenient to operate, practical, low in cost, high in rooting rate and good in seedling root system, so that the efficient cultivation technology of the rhododendron molle is established, and a new technical force is provided for the development of the flower industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of reproduction of rhododendron molle, and particularly relates to a cultivation and management method of rhododendron molle.
Background
Rhododendron molle (Rhododendron molle G. Don), also known as Rhododendron molle flower, bali hemp, etc., is the only one original species in the subgenera of Rhododendron molle in China, flowers in spring, and is golden yellow, can be used for ornamental, and is an important resource for improving the flower and color variety of Rhododendron molle. In addition, the whole plant organs of the rhododendron molle contain various active ingredients, flowers, roots, fruits and the like can be used for medicines, and the extract can treat rheumatoid diseases, malaria, chronic glomerulonephritis, hypertension and the like, can be used as anesthetic and analgesic in the medical industry, can be used as insecticide in agriculture, and has very good killing effect on schistosome and various pests.
The rhododendron molle is distributed in small quantities throughout the middle and south China and southwest regions before the 80 s of the last century. The wild rhododendron molle is mainly produced by seed propagation, cutting propagation and other modes. However, as the rhododendron molle has severe requirements on habitat, tiny seeds are hard to germinate under natural conditions, artificial cuttage or separated plant propagation of rhododendron molle is hard to survive, the reproduction links of rhododendron molle are seriously affected by the abundantly excavated and disorderly collected people and the damage to habitat, the number of regions and populations of rhododendron molle which are distributed in the wild is drastically reduced, the habitat is island-shaped, the wild rhododendron molle is hard to see the trace, the wild rhododendron molle can not meet the needs of the rhododendron molle, the risk of extinction is increased, and the rhododendron molle is protected and propagated by adopting an effective method to realize large-scale production, so that the growing demands of people are met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to solve the problems of difficult cultivation and slow growth of the rhododendron molle, and provides a cultivation management method which is simple and convenient to operate, practical, low in cost, high in rooting rate and good in seedling root system and can cultivate the rhododendron molle in a large-scale manner, so that a high-efficiency cultivation technology of the rhododendron molle is established, and a new technical strength is provided for the development of the flower industry.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a cultivation and management method of rhododendron molle comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a field: selecting a field which is wide and flat and is convenient to drain as a bed; applying ferrous sulfate and leveling; then spreading humus soil, and compacting; paving a matrix formed by mixing river sand and yellow core soil on the surface;
(2) Selecting and shearing cutting slips: selecting semi-lignified branches of a rhododendron molle big tree parent plant, cutting the cutting branches in cloudy days or early morning, reserving 2-3 leaves at the top ends of the branches, cutting off half of the leaves, and cutting the lower ends of the branches into inclined planes;
(3) And (3) processing cutting slips: soaking the basal part of the cutting in 400 mg.L -1 2 hours in indolebutyric acid solution (I BA), filtering with clear water, and naturally air-drying;
(4) Cutting and managing: inserting the treated slip into the substrate of step (1); ventilating the seedlings after cutting, watering after ventilating for 1h, recovering the arch shed, uncovering the mulching film after rooting the cutting, uncovering the whole mulching film in rainy days or sunny afternoon after 2-3 d, and supplementing water and humidifying by adopting an automatic intermittent spraying system or watering manually according to the soil humidity;
(5) Transplanting management: after 60 days, observing the rooting rate of the cutting seedlings, and selecting transplanting when the rooting quantity is more than or equal to 3 and the average root length is more than or equal to 2 cm;
(6) Fertilizer and water management: adding 8-10 slow release fertilizers into the container, applying the fertilizer by adopting a thin fertilizer application principle, and applying the foliar fertilizer as the fertilizer once a month; watering in the spring in the flowering phase in sunny days for 1d, and supplementing water in the evening, wherein the water is watered before 10 am in summer every day; in autumn and winter, according to weather conditions, watering is carried out after the basin is dried, and watering is carried out thoroughly once; when tap water is selected for watering, the water is preferably dried for 1 to 2 days to volatilize and remove chlorine and then reused; when well water, river water, lake water and pond water are selected, the water is preferably reused when the temperature of the water is similar to the temperature of the external environment;
(7) And (3) pest and disease management: the prevention is mainly performed, and the prevention and the control are combined; the composition can be used for preventing and timely spraying 800 times of 70% of thiophanate wettable powder or 300 times of 50% of carbendazim;
(8) Sunshade management: the sunshade rate of the sunshade net is adjusted to 60-80% in summer and autumn, and the sunshade net is removed in autumn and winter;
(9) Changing the basin of the container: when the seedling height is more than or equal to 10cm, branches are more than or equal to 5, the root system is complete, the plant type is full, the pot can be replaced again, a 13 x 16cm black nutrition pot seedling bag is selected for pot replacement, and the substrate is perlite: pine needles: saw dust: cow dung: garden soil: plant ash;
(10) Land planting management: selecting the seedling in the step (9) with the height of more than or equal to 30cm and the ground diameter of more than 0.5cm, wherein the seedling carries a complete soil ball or container;
(11) Environmental soil selection: the plant is suitable for planting in the environments with low direct illumination intensity and sufficient scattered light such as forest edges, forests, grounds and the like with good drainage; if the canopy closure degree of the upper arbor is not more than 0.3 when planted under the forest, the upper arbor is planted in loose soil with the pH value of 5.0-6.0, and the soil which does not meet the planting requirement can be improved; removing weeds and shrubs in a planting area, deeply digging planting holes according to the height of seedlings, wherein water is not accumulated at the bottoms of the planting holes, and adding calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer at the bottoms of the holes as base fertilizer;
(12) Seedling planting specification: the row spacing of the planted plants is (1.0-1.5) m× (1.0-1.5) m;
(13) Planting seedlings: during planting, backfilling surface soil to 1/3-2/3 of the height of planting holes, pruning injured root systems, righting seedlings, layering, returning soil and compacting; backfilling planting soil when planting the soil ball seedlings, wherein the planting depth is preferably basically consistent with that before transplanting, the earthing can be slightly higher than the root and stem parts of the plants by 3 cm-5 cm, the soil is preferably not lower than the original root neck part after sedimentation, and the root setting water is fully poured after planting; after the water is completely infiltrated into the soil, the soil surface can be covered by pine needles and leaf rot soil, wherein the covering thickness is 5 cm-8 cm;
(14) And (3) field fertilizer and water management: the root fixing water is thoroughly irrigated during the first planting, and the post watering management and protection principle is the same as that in the step (6); the fertilization follows the principle of timely and proper amount and frequent application of thin fertilizer; before the flowers are opened in spring, the growth of branches, leaves and buds can be promoted, and 1 time of phosphate fertilizer can be applied; in the vigorous growth period of the seedlings after the flowering period, taking nitrogen fertilizer as a main material, and applying ferrous sulfate solution for 1 to 2 times (0.1 to 0.2 percent); when the temperature in midsummer reaches more than 30 ℃, fertilization should be suspended at the moment; the slow growth period of the seedlings in autumn and winter can use the monopotassium phosphate compound fertilizer;
(15) Daily trimming: pruning is generally carried out after flowers are shed in spring and autumn, and branches with disease and insect branches, overgrown branches, excessive branches and obvious disturbance of tree shapes are cut off; new branches can be promoted by picking hearts, and early bud thinning is preferred for flower cluster congestion and flowering influence; pruning in a growing season; the pruning should be carried out twice, and the reserved branches are pruned to the reserved height for the first time; when the length of the new shoots of the reserved branches is more than 10cm, the rest branches are cut off from the basal part.
Preferably, the matrix in the step (1) is river sand and yellow core soil according to a mass ratio of 1:2.
Preferably, the automatic intermittent spraying described in step (4) is set to: 5min/4h in the daytime and 5min/4h in the evening.
Preferably, the seedling transplanting matrix in the step (5) is peat soil and vermiculite according to a mass ratio of 2:1.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer in step (6) is a durum amino acid water-soluble fertilizer.
Preferably, the matrix in the step (9) is perlite, pine needle, saw dust, cow dung, garden soil and plant ash according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1:2:3:2.
Preferably, in the step (11), the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 0.2 kg-0.3 kg, and the compound fertilizer is 0.1 kg-0.15 kg.
Preferably, the method for improving soil in step (11) comprises the following steps: the soil is improved by using weakly acidic leaf soil, pine needle soil, turfy soil, greening organic matter matrix and soil conditioner.
Preferably, the specification of the planting hole in the step (11) is 1.5-1.8 times of the diameter of the seedling soil ball or the root width, and the depth is 1.3-1.5 times of the thickness of the seedling soil ball or the vertical distribution depth of the root system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention provides a technical reference for rapid propagation and cultivation management of rhododendron molle, which is deeply researched in various aspects such as a cultivation method of rhododendron molle and the like, establishes and optimizes a cultivation management system of rhododendron molle.
(2) The invention improves the soil of the root system of rhododendron, has smaller workload, effectively eliminates the rewet of alkaline groundwater, ensures that the soil around the root system of rhododendron molle keeps acidic for a long time, and is beneficial to the normal growth of rhododendron.
(3) The rhododendron molle cultivation method provided by the invention can solve the problems of difficult rooting, low propagation rate, slow ground cultivation growth and the like of rhododendron molle cultivation in the cultivation process, and effectively improves the rooting rate and the growth quality.
(4) The invention improves the matrix and controls the measures such as illumination and the like in the cultivation process to obtain rhododendron molle with enlarged crown width, uniform branching, plump plant type, strong growth vigor and stable tree shape.
Detailed Description
The following are specific examples related to the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are further described, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples. All changes and equivalents that do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A cultivation and management method of rhododendron molle comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a field: selecting a field which is wide and flat and is convenient to drain as a bed; applying ferrous sulfate and leveling; then spreading humus soil, and compacting; paving a matrix formed by mixing river sand and yellow core soil on the surface;
(2) Selecting and shearing cutting slips: selecting semi-lignified branches of a rhododendron molle big tree parent plant, cutting the cutting branches in cloudy days or early morning, reserving 2 leaves at the top ends of the branches, cutting off half of the leaves, and cutting the lower ends of the branches into inclined planes;
(3) And (3) processing cutting slips: dipping the cutting baseThe concentration of the bubble is 400 mg.L -1 2 hours in indolebutyric acid solution (I BA), filtering with clear water, and naturally air-drying;
(4) Cutting and managing: inserting the treated slip into the substrate of step (1); ventilating the seedlings after cutting, watering after ventilating for 1h, recovering the arch shed, uncovering the mulching film after rooting the cutting, uncovering the whole mulching film in rainy days or sunny afternoon after 2d, and supplementing water and humidifying by adopting an automatic intermittent spraying system or watering manually according to the soil humidity;
(5) Transplanting management: after 60 days, observing the rooting rate of the cutting seedlings, and selecting transplanting when the rooting quantity is more than or equal to 3 and the average root length is more than or equal to 2 cm;
(6) Fertilizer and water management: adding 8-grain Olympic No. 1 slow release fertilizer (14N-14P-14K) into a container, wherein the fertilizer is applied by adopting a thin fertilizer application principle, and the fertilizer is foliar fertilizer once a month; watering in the spring in the flowering phase in sunny days for 1d, and supplementing water in the evening, wherein the water is watered before 10 am in summer every day; in autumn and winter, according to weather conditions, watering is carried out after the basin is dried, and watering is carried out thoroughly once; when tap water is selected for watering, the water is preferably sun-dried for 1 day to volatilize and remove chlorine and then reused; when well water, river water, lake water and pond water are selected, the water is preferably reused when the temperature of the water is similar to the temperature of the external environment;
(7) And (3) pest and disease management: the prevention is mainly performed, and the prevention and the control are combined; the composition can be used for preventing and timely spraying 800 times of 70% of thiophanate wettable powder or 300 times of 50% of carbendazim;
(8) Sunshade management: the sunshade rate of the sunshade net is adjusted to 60% in summer and autumn, and 20% in autumn and winter;
(9) Changing the basin of the container: when the seedling height is more than or equal to 10cm, branches are more than or equal to 5, the root system is complete, the plant type is full, the pot can be replaced again, a 13 x 16cm black nutrition pot seedling bag is selected for pot replacement, and the substrate is perlite: pine needles: saw dust: cow dung: garden soil: plant ash;
(10) Land planting management: selecting the seedling in the step (9) with the height of more than or equal to 30cm and the ground diameter of more than 0.5cm, wherein the seedling carries a complete soil ball or container;
(11) Environmental soil selection: the plant is suitable for planting in the environments with low direct illumination intensity and sufficient scattered light such as forest edges, forests, grounds and the like with good drainage; if the canopy closure degree of the upper layer arbor is not more than 0.3 when planted under the forest, the upper layer arbor is planted in loose soil with the pH value of 5.0, and the soil which does not meet the planting requirement can be improved; removing weeds and shrubs in a planting area, deeply digging planting holes according to the height of seedlings, wherein water should not be accumulated at the bottoms of the planting holes, and adding a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and a compound fertilizer (N15+P15+K15) at the bottoms of the holes as base fertilizers;
(12) Seedling planting specification: the row spacing of the planted plants is 1.0m multiplied by 1.0m;
(13) Planting seedlings: during planting, backfilling surface soil to 1/3 of the height of planting holes, pruning injured root systems, righting seedlings, layering, returning soil and compacting; backfilling planting soil when planting the soil ball seedlings, wherein the planting depth is preferably basically consistent with that before transplanting, the earthing can be slightly higher than the root and stem parts of the plants by 3cm, the soil is preferably not lower than the original root neck part after sedimentation, and sufficient root fixing water is poured after planting; after the water is completely infiltrated into the soil, the soil surface can be covered by pine needles and leaf rot soil, wherein the covering thickness is 5cm;
(14) And (3) field fertilizer and water management: the root fixing water is thoroughly irrigated during the first planting, and the post watering management and protection principle is the same as that in the step (6); the fertilization follows the principle of timely and proper amount and frequent application of thin fertilizer; before the flowers are opened in spring, the growth of branches, leaves and buds can be promoted, and 1 time of phosphate fertilizer can be applied; in the vigorous growth period of the seedlings after the flowering period, nitrogen fertilizer is taken as a main material, and 1 time of 0.1 percent ferrous sulfate solution is applied simultaneously; when the temperature in midsummer reaches more than 30 ℃, fertilization should be suspended at the moment; the slow growth period of the seedlings in autumn and winter can use a monopotassium phosphate compound fertilizer (N0+P52+K34);
(15) Daily trimming: pruning is generally carried out after flowers are shed in spring and autumn, and branches with disease and insect branches, overgrown branches, excessive branches and obvious disturbance of tree shapes are cut off; new branches can be promoted by picking hearts, and early bud thinning is preferred for flower cluster congestion and flowering influence; pruning in a growing season; the pruning should be carried out twice, and the reserved branches are pruned to the reserved height for the first time; when the length of the new shoots of the reserved branches is more than 10cm, the rest branches are cut off from the basal part.
The matrix in the step (1) is river sand and yellow core soil according to the mass ratio of 1:2.
The automatic intermittent spraying set in the step (4) is as follows: 5min/4h in the daytime and 5min/4h in the evening.
The seedling transplanting matrix in the step (5) is peat soil and vermiculite according to the mass ratio of 2:1.
The foliar fertilizer in the step (6) is Dugao amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (100 g/L of rational amino acid, 130g/L of organic matter, 15g/L of zinc and 5g/L of boron), and the foliar fertilizer is diluted by 1000 times.
The matrix in the step (9) is perlite, pine needles, sawdust, cow dung, garden soil and plant ash according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:2:3:2.
The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in the step (11) is 0.2kg, and the compound fertilizer (N15+P15+K15) is 0.1kg.
The method for improving soil in the step (11) comprises the following steps: the soil is improved by using weakly acidic leaf soil, pine needle soil, turfy soil, greening organic matter matrix and soil conditioner.
The specification of the planting hole in the step (11) is 1.5 times of the diameter of the seedling soil ball or the root width, and the depth is 1.3 times of the thickness of the seedling soil ball or the vertical distribution depth of the root system.
Example 2
A cultivation and management method of rhododendron molle comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a field: selecting a field which is wide and flat and is convenient to drain as a bed; applying ferrous sulfate and leveling; then spreading humus soil, and compacting; paving a matrix formed by mixing river sand and yellow core soil on the surface;
(2) Selecting and shearing cutting slips: selecting semi-lignified branches of a rhododendron molle big tree parent plant, cutting the cutting branches in cloudy days or early morning, reserving 3 leaves at the top ends of the branches, cutting off half of the leaves, and cutting the lower ends of the branches into inclined planes;
(3) And (3) processing cutting slips: soaking the basal part of the cutting in 400 mg.L -1 2 hours in indolebutyric acid solution (I BA), filtering with clear water, and naturally air-drying;
(4) Cutting and managing: inserting the treated slip into the substrate of step (1); ventilating the seedlings after cutting, watering after ventilating for 1h, recovering the arch shed, uncovering the mulching film after rooting the cutting, uncovering the whole mulching film after 3d, and supplementing water and humidifying by adopting an automatic intermittent spraying system or watering manually according to the soil humidity;
(5) Transplanting management: after 60 days, observing the rooting rate of the cutting seedlings, and selecting transplanting when the rooting quantity is more than or equal to 3 and the average root length is more than or equal to 2 cm;
(6) Fertilizer and water management: 10-grain Olympic No. 1 slow release fertilizer (14N-14P-14K) is added into a container, the fertilizer application adopts the principle of 'thin fertilizer on duty' and is carried out once a half month, and the fertilizer is leaf fertilizer; watering in the spring in the flowering phase in sunny days for 1d, and supplementing water in the evening, wherein the water is watered before 10 am in summer every day; in autumn and winter, according to weather conditions, watering is carried out after the basin is dried, and watering is carried out thoroughly once; when tap water is selected for watering, the water is preferably sun-dried for 2 days to volatilize and remove chlorine, and then the water is reused; when well water, river water, lake water and pond water are selected, the water is preferably reused when the temperature of the water is similar to the temperature of the external environment;
(7) And (3) pest and disease management: the prevention is mainly performed, and the prevention and the control are combined; the composition can be used for preventing and timely spraying 800 times of 70% of thiophanate wettable powder or 300 times of 50% of carbendazim;
(8) Sunshade management: the sunshade rate of the sunshade net is adjusted to 80% in summer and autumn, and 50% in autumn and winter;
(9) Changing the basin of the container: when the seedling height is more than or equal to 10cm, branches are more than or equal to 5, the root system is complete, the plant type is full, the pot can be replaced again, a 13 x 16cm black nutrition pot seedling bag is selected for pot replacement, and the substrate is perlite: pine needles: saw dust: cow dung: garden soil: plant ash;
(10) Land planting management: selecting the seedling in the step (9) with the height of more than or equal to 30cm and the ground diameter of more than 0.5cm, wherein the seedling carries a complete soil ball or container;
(11) Environmental soil selection: the plant is suitable for planting in the environments with low direct illumination intensity and sufficient scattered light such as forest edges, forests, grounds and the like with good drainage; if the canopy closure degree of the upper layer arbor is not more than 0.3 when planted under the forest, the upper layer arbor is planted in loose soil with the pH value of 5.5, and the soil which does not meet the planting requirement can be improved; removing weeds and shrubs in a planting area, deeply digging planting holes according to the height of seedlings, wherein water should not be accumulated at the bottoms of the planting holes, and adding a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and a compound fertilizer (N15+P15+K15) at the bottoms of the holes as base fertilizers;
(12) Seedling planting specification: the row spacing of the planted plants is 1.5m multiplied by 1.5m;
(13) Planting seedlings: during planting, backfilling surface soil to 2/3 of the height of planting holes, pruning injured root systems, righting seedlings, layering, returning soil and compacting; backfilling planting soil when planting the soil ball seedlings, wherein the planting depth is preferably basically consistent with that before transplanting, the earthing can be slightly higher than the root and stem parts of the plants by 5cm, the soil is preferably not lower than the original root neck part after sedimentation, and sufficient root fixing water is poured after planting; after the water is completely infiltrated into the soil, the soil surface can be covered by pine needles and leaf rot soil, wherein the covering thickness is 8cm;
(14) And (3) field fertilizer and water management: the root fixing water is thoroughly irrigated during the first planting, and the post watering management and protection principle is the same as that in the step (6); the fertilization follows the principle of timely and proper amount and frequent application of thin fertilizer; before the flowers are opened in spring, the growth of branches, leaves and buds can be promoted, and 1 time of phosphate fertilizer can be applied; in the vigorous growth period of the seedlings after the flowering period, nitrogen fertilizer is taken as a main material, and 2 times of 0.2% ferrous sulfate solution is applied simultaneously; when the temperature in midsummer reaches more than 30 ℃, fertilization should be suspended at the moment; the slow growth period of the seedlings in autumn and winter can use a monopotassium phosphate compound fertilizer (N0+P52+K34);
(15) Daily trimming: pruning is generally carried out after flowers are shed in spring and autumn, and branches with disease and insect branches, overgrown branches, excessive branches and obvious disturbance of tree shapes are cut off; new branches can be promoted by picking hearts, and early bud thinning is preferred for flower cluster congestion and flowering influence; pruning in a growing season; the pruning should be carried out twice, and the reserved branches are pruned to the reserved height for the first time; when the length of the new shoots of the reserved branches is more than 10cm, the rest branches are cut off from the basal part.
The matrix in the step (1) is river sand and yellow core soil according to the mass ratio of 1:2.
The automatic intermittent spraying set in the step (4) is as follows: 5min/4h in the daytime and 5min/4h in the evening.
The seedling transplanting matrix in the step (5) is peat soil and vermiculite according to the mass ratio of 2:1.
The foliar fertilizer in the step (6) is Dugao amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (100 g/L of rational amino acid, 130g/L of organic matter, 15g/L of zinc and 5g/L of boron), and is diluted by 1200 times.
The matrix in the step (9) is perlite, pine needles, sawdust, cow dung, garden soil and plant ash according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:2:3:2.
The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in the step (11) is 0.3kg, and the compound fertilizer (N15+P15+K15) is 0.15kg.
The method for improving soil in the step (11) comprises the following steps: the soil is improved by using weakly acidic leaf soil, pine needle soil, turfy soil, greening organic matter matrix and soil conditioner.
The specification of the planting hole in the step (11) is 1.8 times of the diameter of the seedling soil ball or the root width, and the depth is 1.5 times of the thickness of the seedling soil ball or the vertical distribution depth of the root system.
The root growth rate of rhododendron molle cultivated by the invention reaches 90%, each plant grows root more than 3, and the root length is more than 2 cm.
The test statistics are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 influence of soil in planting holes on plant height, ground diameter and crown width of rhododendron azalea growth.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the structures of this invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions for those skilled in the art can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention or from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (9)
1. The rhododendron molle cultivation and management method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Preparing a field: selecting a field which is wide and flat and is convenient to drain as a bed; applying ferrous sulfate and leveling; then spreading humus soil, and compacting; paving a matrix formed by mixing river sand and yellow core soil on the surface;
(2) Selecting and shearing cutting slips: selecting semi-lignified branches of a rhododendron molle big tree parent plant, cutting the cutting branches in cloudy days or early morning, reserving 2-3 leaves at the top ends of the branches, cutting off half of the leaves, and cutting the lower ends of the branches into inclined planes;
(3) And (3) processing cutting slips: soaking the basal part of the cutting in 400 mg.L -1 2 hours in indolebutyric acid solution (IBA), filtering with clear water, and naturally air-drying;
(4) Cutting and managing: inserting the treated slip into the substrate of step (1); ventilating the seedlings after cutting, watering after ventilating for 1h, recovering the arch shed, uncovering the mulching film after rooting the cutting, uncovering the whole mulching film in rainy days or sunny afternoon after 2-3 d, and supplementing water and humidifying by adopting an automatic intermittent spraying system or watering manually according to the soil humidity;
(5) Transplanting management: after 60 days, observing the rooting rate of the cutting seedlings, and selecting transplanting when the rooting quantity is more than or equal to 3 and the average root length is more than or equal to 2 cm;
(6) Fertilizer and water management: adding 8-10 slow release fertilizers into the container, applying the fertilizer by adopting a thin fertilizer application principle, and applying the foliar fertilizer as the fertilizer once a month; watering in the spring in the flowering phase in sunny days for 1d, and supplementing water in the evening, wherein the water is watered before 10 am in summer every day; in autumn and winter, according to weather conditions, watering is carried out after the basin is dried, and watering is carried out thoroughly once; when tap water is selected for watering, the water is preferably dried for 1 to 2 days to volatilize and remove chlorine and then reused; when well water, river water, lake water and pond water are selected, the water is preferably reused when the temperature of the water is similar to the temperature of the external environment;
(7) And (3) pest and disease management: the prevention is mainly performed, and the prevention and the control are combined; the composition can be used for preventing and timely spraying 800 times of 70% of thiophanate wettable powder or 300 times of 50% of carbendazim;
(8) Sunshade management: the sunshade rate of the sunshade net is adjusted to 60-80% in summer and autumn, and 20-50% in autumn and winter;
(9) Changing the basin of the container: when the seedling height is more than or equal to 10cm, branches are more than or equal to 5, the root system is complete, the plant type is full, the pot can be replaced again, a 13 x 16cm black nutrition pot seedling bag is selected for pot replacement, and the substrate is perlite: pine needles: saw dust: cow dung: garden soil: plant ash;
(10) Land planting management: selecting the seedling in the step (9) with the height of more than or equal to 30cm and the ground diameter of more than 0.5cm, wherein the seedling carries a complete soil ball or container;
(11) Environmental soil selection: the plant is suitable for planting in the environments with low direct illumination intensity and sufficient scattered light such as forest edges, forests, grounds and the like with good drainage; if the canopy closure degree of the upper arbor is not more than 0.3 when planted under the forest, the upper arbor is planted in loose soil with the pH value of 5.0-6.0, and the soil which does not meet the planting requirement can be improved; removing weeds and shrubs in a planting area, deeply digging planting holes according to the height of seedlings, wherein water is not accumulated at the bottoms of the planting holes, and adding calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer at the bottoms of the holes as base fertilizer;
(12) Seedling planting specification: the row spacing of the planted plants is (1.0-1.5) m× (1.0-1.5) m;
(13) Planting seedlings: during planting, backfilling surface soil to 1/3-2/3 of the height of planting holes, pruning injured root systems, righting seedlings, layering, returning soil and compacting; backfilling planting soil when planting the soil ball seedlings, wherein the planting depth is preferably basically consistent with that before transplanting, the earthing can be slightly higher than the root and stem parts of the plants by 3 cm-5 cm, the soil is preferably not lower than the original root neck part after sedimentation, and the root setting water is fully poured after planting; after the water is completely infiltrated into the soil, the soil surface can be covered by pine needles and leaf rot soil, wherein the covering thickness is 5 cm-8 cm;
(14) And (3) field fertilizer and water management: the root fixing water is thoroughly irrigated during the first planting, and the post watering management and protection principle is the same as that in the step (6); the fertilization follows the principle of timely and proper amount and frequent application of thin fertilizer; before the flowers are opened in spring, the growth of branches, leaves and buds can be promoted, and 1 time of phosphate fertilizer can be applied; in the vigorous growth period of the seedlings after the flowering period, taking nitrogen fertilizer as a main material, and applying ferrous sulfate solution for 1 to 2 times (0.1 to 0.2 percent); when the temperature in midsummer reaches more than 30 ℃, fertilization should be suspended at the moment; the slow growth period of the seedlings in autumn and winter can use the monopotassium phosphate compound fertilizer;
(15) Daily trimming: pruning is generally carried out after flowers are shed in spring and autumn, and branches with disease and insect branches, overgrown branches, excessive branches and obvious disturbance of tree shapes are cut off; new branches can be promoted by picking hearts, and early bud thinning is preferred for flower cluster congestion and flowering influence; pruning in a growing season; the pruning should be carried out twice, and the reserved branches are pruned to the reserved height for the first time; when the length of the new shoots of the reserved branches is more than 10cm, the rest branches are cut off from the basal part.
2. The cultivation and management method of rhododendron molle according to claim 1, wherein the matrix in the step (1) is river sand and yellow core soil according to a mass ratio of 1:2.
3. The cultivation and management method of rhododendron molle according to claim 1, wherein the automatic intermittent spraying in the step (4) is set as follows: 5min/4h in the daytime and 5min/4h in the evening.
4. The cultivation and management method of rhododendron molle according to claim 1, wherein the seedling transplanting matrix in the step (5) is peat soil and vermiculite according to a mass ratio of 2:1.
5. The cultivation and management method of rhododendron molle according to claim 1, wherein the foliar fertilizer in the step (6) is a azalea water-soluble fertilizer.
6. The cultivation and management method of rhododendron molle according to claim 1, wherein the matrix in the step (9) is perlite, pine needle, sawdust, cow dung, garden soil and plant ash according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1:2:3:2.
7. The cultivation and management method of rhododendron molle according to claim 1, wherein in the step (11), the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 0.2 kg-0.3 kg, and the compound fertilizer is 0.1 kg-0.15 kg.
8. The cultivation and management method of rhododendron molle according to claim 1, wherein the soil improvement method in the step (11) is as follows: the soil is improved by using weakly acidic leaf soil, pine needle soil, turfy soil, greening organic matter matrix and soil conditioner.
9. The cultivation and management method of rhododendron molle according to claim 1, wherein the specification of the planting hole in the step (11) is 1.5-1.8 times of the diameter of the seedling soil ball or the root width, and the depth is 1.3-1.5 times of the thickness of the seedling soil ball or the vertical distribution depth of the root system.
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| CN106212182A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2016-12-14 | 广州华苑园林股份有限公司 | The cultivation of a kind of alpine rose gardens and management method |
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| CN106212182A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2016-12-14 | 广州华苑园林股份有限公司 | The cultivation of a kind of alpine rose gardens and management method |
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