CN117158250A - Transplanting-free rapid propagation cultivation method for rafters in arid sandy land - Google Patents
Transplanting-free rapid propagation cultivation method for rafters in arid sandy land Download PDFInfo
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- CN117158250A CN117158250A CN202311223654.6A CN202311223654A CN117158250A CN 117158250 A CN117158250 A CN 117158250A CN 202311223654 A CN202311223654 A CN 202311223654A CN 117158250 A CN117158250 A CN 117158250A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a transplanting-free rapid propagation method for rafters in arid sandy lands, wherein rafters Liu Gan with the diameter of 5-15cm are used as rapid propagation materials, and the specification can be determined according to design; rapidly propagating a matrix, mixing organic fertilizer, commodity humus soil and root-promoting bactericide in garden soil; the non-woven fabric tree planting bag is used as a container for filling rafters Liu Gan and rapid propagation matrixes; the HDPE impermeable membrane is placed in the tree pit and is tightly attached to the periphery of the tree pit to serve as a water storage and preservation layer. The method can be used for conveniently carrying out transplanting-free rapid propagation rafter forestation at the target planting position in arid sandy soil areas, and the rafter willow rod is used for carrying out rapid propagation cultivation at the target planting position, so that the secondary transplanting and long-distance transportation of nursery seedlings can be avoided, the survival rate is improved, and the engineering cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environmental protection, in particular to a method for transplanting-free and rapid propagation cultivation of rafters and willows in arid sandy lands.
Background
Rafter willow is a common seedling variety for barren sand forestation and expressway roadside greening in northwest areas, and is transplanted by adopting nursery seedlings. The soil of the local conventional nursery land is loess or sandy soil generally, the sandy soil is not easy to retain complete soil balls, and basically all scattered lumps become bare root seedlings after transportation; the soil ball in loess field, because soil ball absorbs water slowly, the surrounding sandy soil absorbs water fast, and soil ball is often watered, easily leads to the root system lack of water in the soil ball, drought death, and waters frequently highly, increases the cost. Whether loess nursery seedlings or sand nursery seedlings are adopted, the problem of Gao Chenghuo rate of rafters in sandy soil areas cannot be well solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a novel sand soil rafter rod transplanting-free rapid propagation cultivation method. The method of the invention can realize the transplanting-free rapid propagation cultivation of the rafter willow forestation of the rafter willow rod in arid sandy soil areas repeatedly, avoid secondary transplanting and long-distance transportation, thereby improving the survival rate and reducing the engineering cost.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a method for cultivating sallow rafters in arid sandy land without transplanting and rapid propagation includes the following steps:
firstly, preparing matrix soil and a tree planting bag containing the matrix soil, wherein the matrix soil comprises garden soil, organic fertilizer, commodity humus soil, bactericide and root accelerator, the planting bag is a non-woven fabric planting bag with a handheld function, the caliber of the planting bag is larger than the diameter of a rafter willow rod, and the matrix soil is fully mixed and then is filled into the tree planting bag in advance for standby;
secondly, selecting rafter willow rods, performing primary treatment, selecting rafters Liu Gan meeting the standard in a nursery or a forest area, intensively harvesting and transporting the rafters to a planting place before sprouting in spring, marking the upper ends of the rafter willow rods to prevent reverse planting, sealing saw cuts at two ends of the rafters Liu Gan, preventing bark damage during loading, unloading and transporting, and sprinkling water for moisturizing during loading;
thirdly, excavating and constructing a waterproof tree pit, excavating the tree pit of a planting field according to the requirements of adding 80cm into the caliber of a tree planting bag, paving an impermeable film with a sealed upper opening in the tree pit, and paving a layer of original sandy soil with 30cm in the pit field;
fourthly, planting rafters, willow rods and tree planting bags, wherein the rafters Liu Gan are planted in the right center of the tree planting bags, and the lower ends of the rafters Liu Gan are required to be 15cm away from the bottoms of the tree planting bags so as to leave a growth space of root systems; then placing the tree planting bag at the right center in the waterproof tree hole, and backfilling the tree planting bag and the impermeable film with original sand for compaction;
fifthly, cultivating and maintaining the planted rafter willow stems, watering periodically according to the humidity in the holes to ensure that the water content of soil is kept above 60%, controlling the pH value of watering water to be within the range of 6.5-7.5, wherein the ground temperature in the cultivation process is not lower than 15 ℃, and taking heat preservation measures for tree holes when the ground temperature is lower than 15 ℃;
sixth, after the rafter willow survives, the rafter willow survives are checked by the following check indexes: firstly, checking rooting state of rafters, wherein more than 95% of plant root systems grow up to be qualified by tree planting bags; secondly, checking the condition of new branches on rafter willow rods, wherein the branches are vigorous and withered and yellow-free and are qualified; and excavating filling sand between the tree planting bag and the impermeable membrane after the tree planting bag is inspected to be qualified, removing the impermeable membrane and damaging the tree planting bag.
In the first step, the field soil nearby selects 'cooked soil' of a farmland or garden as a main matrix, and the selected field soil is free of quarantine germs and eggs and is loose and breathable; the organic fertilizer is selected from decomposed stable manure, compost, green manure and cake fertilizer; the commercial humus soil is humus soil with adjustable soil pH value; the bactericide and the root promoter adopt thiophanate methyl, alpha-sodium naphthalene acetate and indolebutyric acid; the mixing proportion of the components of the matrix soil is as follows: garden soil: organic fertilizer: humus = 5:3:2.
In the first step, the caliber of the planting bag is more than 4 times of the diameter of the rafter Liu Gan and is not less than 45cm, and the height of the planting bag is 50-60cm.
In the second step, saw cuts at two ends of the rafter willow rod are firstly smeared with bactericide, and then are sealed by plastic films after being dried.
In the third step, the impermeable membrane is an HDPE impermeable membrane, and is formed by adopting double-slit hot-melt welding, and after the completion, a full-water experiment is carried out, so that the impermeable membrane is watertight during seedling culture.
In the fourth step, when the original sandy soil is backfilled between the tree planting bag and the impermeable film, the backfilling thickness is not more than 25cm each time, and the backfilling needs to be compacted.
In the fourth step, if the angle of the rafter Liu Gangao is more than 3m, temporary tree support is needed to be arranged for reinforcement.
In the fifth step, the pH value of the irrigation water can be adjusted by adding a proper amount of ferrous sulfate.
In the sixth step, the plant root system can grow to be full of the tree planting bag after two months of cultivation.
In the sixth step, when the tree planting bag is damaged, the periphery of the tree planting bag is cut into strips by a blade, the strips are extracted one by one, and the residual tree planting bag which is not extracted is processed by drilling holes along the inclined edge of the bottom of the root system by using steel drills, so that the root puncture capability of the root system of the plant is automatically broken through.
Based on the technical scheme, the sand soil rafter rod transplanting-free rapid propagation cultivation method has the following technical effects after practical application compared with the prior art:
1. the non-woven fabric tree planting bag filled with matrix and soil in the rapid propagation cultivation method of the rafter willow rod can provide enough nutrition and rooting space for rooting of the rafter willow; the sealing HDPE impermeable films at the bottom and the periphery of the tree pit guarantee the water stabilization requirement of the rafter willow in the rapid propagation period; the HDPE impermeable film and the tree planting bag are manually removed, and the root puncture effect of the root system is combined, so that secondary transplanting after rapid propagation is successful is avoided.
2. Aiming at the special form of rafters Liu Gan, the method of in-situ rapid propagation at the target planting position is adopted for cultivation, so that the damage to root systems caused by secondary transplanting of rafters is avoided, the problem that loess soil balls in sandy soil are not easy to absorb water is solved, and the survival rate is greatly improved.
3. When the rafters and willows are planted on the sandy land, the method adopts a rafter willow rod rapid propagation mode, and the method does not need to specially purchase commercial rafters and willow seedlings, so that the cost of afforestation of the rafters and the willows on the arid sandy land is greatly saved.
4. According to the method, the planting holes are excavated at the target planting positions, the water retention effect of the HDPE impermeable membrane in the planting holes is achieved, the moisture retention in the holes is fully achieved, frequent watering is not needed, and therefore a large amount of water resources are saved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of a method for transplanting-free and rapid propagation cultivation of rafters in arid sandy lands.
Fig. 2 is a planting schematic diagram of rafter Liu Gan in-situ rapid propagation in the drought sandy land rafter willow rod transplanting-free rapid propagation cultivation method of the invention.
Detailed Description
The method for cultivating the drought sandy land rafters without transplanting and quick propagation is further elaborated by combining the drawings and specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the invention is not limited by the method.
The invention relates to a method for cultivating rafters in arid sandy land without transplanting and rapid propagation, which is characterized in that the conventional cultivation mode is abandoned in the process of cultivating rafters in arid sandy land, and the rafters are adopted for cultivating the rafters without transplanting and rapid propagation, so that the afforestation of the rafters without transplanting and rapid propagation of target planting positions is realized efficiently and at low cost.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for cultivating the rafter willow in arid sandy land without transplanting and rapid propagation comprises the following implementation steps,
firstly, preparing matrix soil and a tree planting bag containing the matrix soil, wherein the matrix soil comprises garden soil, organic fertilizer, commodity humus soil, bactericide and root accelerator, the planting bag is a non-woven fabric planting bag with a handheld function, the caliber of the planting bag is larger than the diameter of a rafter willow rod, and the matrix soil is fully mixed and then is filled into the tree planting bag in advance for standby.
Wherein, the field soil nearby selects 'cooked soil' of the farmland or nursery land as a main matrix, and the selected field soil has no quarantine germs and ova, and is loose and breathable; the organic fertilizer is selected from decomposed stable manure, compost, green manure and cake fertilizer, and is mainly used for increasing matrix nutrients and providing nutrition for rafter Liu Gan rooting; the commercial humus soil is humus soil with adjustable soil pH value, the alkaline of the sandy soil area is generally higher, the pH value of the humus soil can be adjusted, the air permeability of the soil is increased, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved; the bactericide and the root promoter adopt thiophanate methyl, alpha-sodium naphthalene acetate and indolebutyric acid.
The components and mixing proportion of the matrix soil are optimally designed as follows: garden soil: organic fertilizer: humus = 5:3:2.
Further, the caliber of the planting bag is required to be more than 4 times of the diameter of the rafter Liu Gan and not less than 45cm, and the height is 50-60cm. The customized non-woven fabric tree planting bag with the portable function is adopted, the specification of the non-woven fabric tree planting bag is determined according to the rod diameter of a rafter willow rod, and the caliber of the tree planting bag is generally more than 4 times of that of a rafter Liu Gan. In addition, the nonwoven material has a strength that meets the weight of the substrate soil and rafters Liu Gan to be loaded, and a service life of the nonwoven material is at least half a year.
Secondly, selecting rafter willow rods, performing primary treatment, selecting rafters Liu Gan meeting the standard in a nursery or a forest area, intensively harvesting and transporting the rafters to a planting place before sprouting in spring, marking the upper ends of the rafter willow rods to prevent reverse loading, sealing saw cuts at two ends of the rafters Liu Gan, preventing bark damage during loading and unloading, transporting, and sprinkling water to preserve moisture during loading. Saw cuts at two ends of the rafter willow rod are firstly smeared with bactericide, and then are sealed by plastic films after being dried. In addition, according to the design specification requirement of the rafter willow forest, selecting a strong rafter Liu Gantiao with the diameter of 5-15cm and no plant diseases and insect pests, which meets the design specification (breast diameter) requirement, in a nursery or a forest area. To avoid reloading, the upper ends of the rafter bars are marked with yellow self-paint. In addition, saw cuts at two ends of the rafter willow rod are smeared with bactericide and dried, and then sealed by plastic films to prevent decay and water evaporation. The loading and unloading process needs to be carried out lightly to prevent bark damage, water is properly sprayed after loading, and canvas is used for covering tightly and keeping moisture.
Thirdly, the construction is carried out by excavating the waterproof tree pit, the tree pit of the planting field is excavated according to the requirements of adding 80cm into the caliber of the tree planting bag, the impermeable film with the sealed upper opening is paved in the tree pit, and a layer of original sandy soil with the thickness of 30cm is paved in the pit. The impermeable membrane is an HDPE impermeable membrane, namely a high-density polyethylene impermeable membrane, is formed by adopting double-slit hot-melt welding, and is subjected to full-water experiments after completion, so that the impermeable membrane is watertight during seedling culture. The HDPE impermeable film adopts double-slit hot-melt welding, and full-water experiments are carried out according to the standard requirements, so that the welding quality of welding seams is ensured, absolute water leakage resistance during seedling culture is ensured, and the step is a key procedure for ensuring the survival of seedlings.
Fourthly, planting rafters, willow rods and tree planting bags, wherein the rafters Liu Gan are planted in the right center of the tree planting bags, and the lower ends of the rafters Liu Gan are required to be 15cm away from the bottoms of the tree planting bags so as to leave a growth space of root systems; and then placing the tree planting bag at the right center in the waterproof tree hole, and backfilling the tree planting bag and the impermeable film with original sand to be compact.
As shown in fig. 2, in operation, the rafter Liu Gan 1 is firstly planted in the center of the tree planting bag 3 (the tree planting bag 3 is filled with the matrix soil 2 in the first step), the distance from the lower end of the rafter willow rod 1 to the bottom surface of the tree planting bag 3 is 15cm, and the growth space of root system is reserved; then the tree planting bag 3 is placed at the center of the waterproof tree hole (the waterproof tree hole excavated in the third step), and the space between the tree planting bag 3 and the HDPE impermeable membrane 5 is backfilled and compacted by the original sandy soil 4. The backfilling is performed manually, the thickness of each backfilling is not more than 25cm, and each backfilling is performed manually by stepping on the surface of the surface. In addition, if the angle of rafters Liu Gangao is larger than 3m, temporary tree supports can be arranged for supporting and reinforcing. Special attention is paid to the whole process, so that the damage to the HDPE impermeable film in the waterproof tree pit is avoided.
And fifthly, cultivating and maintaining the planted rafter willow stems, watering periodically according to humidity in holes to ensure that the water content of soil is kept above 60%, controlling the pH value of watering water to be within a range of 6.5-7.5, wherein the ground temperature is not lower than 15 ℃ in the cultivation process, and taking heat preservation measures for tree holes when the ground temperature is lower than 15 ℃.
Specifically, in cultivation and maintenance, it is necessary to:
1. and (5) watering and curing. And (5) watering regularly according to the humidity in the holes, so as to ensure that the water content of the soil is kept at about 60%. The substrate soil can be held to form clusters and fall to the ground for scattering.
2. The irrigation water is treated. As the groundwater in sandy soil areas is generally alkaline, the pH value of matrix soil is easy to rise after long-term irrigation, and proper amount of ferrous sulfate and the like are required to be added to the irrigation water for adjustment, so that the pH value of the irrigation water is controlled within the range of 6.5-7.5.
3. And (5) temperature control. The minimum ground temperature is not lower than 15 ℃ in the cultivation process, the early spring temperature in northern areas is generally lower, and when the night temperature is lower than 15 ℃, measures such as plastic films, grass curtains and the like can be adopted to cover and preserve heat for tree holes.
Sixth, after the rafter willow survives, the rafter willow survives are checked by the following check indexes: firstly, checking rooting state of rafters, wherein more than 95% of plant root systems grow up to be qualified by tree planting bags; secondly, checking the condition of new branches on rafter willow rods, wherein the branches are vigorous and withered and yellow-free and are qualified; and excavating filling sand between the tree planting bag and the impermeable membrane after the tree planting bag is inspected to be qualified, removing the impermeable membrane and damaging the tree planting bag.
The root setting treatment after the rafter willow survival is as follows:
first, checking the survival standard: index I, checking rooting state of rafters, wherein more than 95% of plant root systems grow into tree planting bags, and the tree planting bags can grow into trees after about 2 months of cultivation. Index II, rafter Liu Ganxin, the raw branches are vigorous, and the phenomena of withered and yellow and bud returning are avoided.
Secondly, root setting processing is carried out: 1. filling sand between the tree planting bag and the HDPE impermeable membrane is excavated manually or by a mini-excavator. 2. And removing the HDPE impermeable film. 3. The tree planting bag is cut into strips along the periphery of the tree planting bag by a blade and then manually pulled out strip by strip. The residual tree planting bag which can not be extracted from the bottom of part of the root system can be processed by drilling holes along the inclined edge of the bottom of the root system by using steel drills, and the root puncture capacity of the root system at the later stage can be automatically broken through.
The non-woven fabric tree planting bag filled with matrix and soil can provide enough nutrition and rooting space for rooting of the rafters; the sealing HDPE impermeable films at the bottom and the periphery of the tree pit guarantee the water stabilization requirement of the rafter willow in the rapid propagation period; the HDPE impermeable film and the tree planting bag are manually removed, and the root puncture effect of the root system is combined, so that secondary transplanting after rapid propagation is successful is avoided.
The method can be used for conveniently carrying out transplanting-free rapid propagation rafter forestation at the target planting position in arid sandy soil areas, and the rafter willow rod is used for carrying out rapid propagation cultivation at the target planting position, so that the secondary transplanting and long-distance transportation of nursery seedlings can be avoided, the survival rate is improved, and the engineering cost is reduced.
Claims (10)
1. A method for transplanting-free and rapid propagation cultivation of rafters and willows in arid sandy land is characterized by comprising the following implementation steps:
firstly, preparing matrix soil and a tree planting bag containing the matrix soil, wherein the matrix soil comprises garden soil, organic fertilizer, commodity humus soil, bactericide and root accelerator, the planting bag is a non-woven fabric planting bag with a handheld function, the caliber of the planting bag is larger than the diameter of a rafter willow rod, and the matrix soil is fully mixed and then is filled into the tree planting bag in advance for standby;
secondly, selecting rafter willow rods, performing primary treatment, selecting rafters Liu Gan meeting the standard in a nursery or a forest area, intensively harvesting and transporting the rafters to a planting place before sprouting in spring, marking the upper ends of the rafter willow rods to prevent reverse planting, sealing saw cuts at two ends of the rafters Liu Gan, preventing bark damage during loading, unloading and transporting, and sprinkling water for moisturizing during loading;
thirdly, excavating and constructing a waterproof tree pit, excavating the tree pit of a planting field according to the requirement of adding 80cm into the caliber of a tree planting bag, paving an HDPE impermeable film with the periphery and the bottom sealed in the tree pit, and paving a layer of original sandy soil with the thickness of 30cm in the pit;
fourthly, planting rafters, willow rods and tree planting bags, wherein the rafters Liu Gan are planted in the right center of the tree planting bags, and the lower ends of the rafters Liu Gan are required to be 15cm away from the bottoms of the tree planting bags so as to leave a growth space of root systems; then placing the tree planting bag at the right center in the waterproof tree hole, and backfilling the tree planting bag and the impermeable film with original sand for compaction;
fifthly, cultivating and maintaining the planted rafter willow stems, watering periodically according to humidity in holes to ensure that the water content of soil is kept above 60%, controlling the pH value of watering water to be 6.5-7.5, and adopting heat preservation measures to tree holes when the ground temperature is not lower than 15 ℃ in the cultivating process;
sixth, treating the rafter willow after survival, and checking the rafter willow survival condition as follows: firstly, checking rooting state of rafters, wherein more than 95% of plant root systems grow up to be qualified by tree planting bags; secondly, checking the condition of new branches on rafter willow rods, wherein the branches are vigorous and withered and yellow-free and are qualified; and excavating filling sand between the tree planting bag and the impermeable membrane after the tree planting bag is inspected to be qualified, removing the impermeable membrane and damaging the tree planting bag.
2. The method for transplanting-free rapid propagation cultivation of arid sandy land rafters according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the field soil is selected from the "mature soil" of the farmland or nursery as the main matrix nearby, and the selected field soil is free of quarantine germs and ova and is loose and breathable; the organic fertilizer is selected from decomposed stable manure, compost, green manure and cake fertilizer; the commercial humus soil is humus soil with adjustable soil pH value; the bactericide and the root promoter adopt thiophanate methyl, alpha-sodium naphthalene acetate and indolebutyric acid; the mixing proportion of the components of the matrix soil is as follows: garden soil: organic fertilizer: humus = 5:3:2.
3. The method for rapid propagation and cultivation of arid sandy land rafters without transplanting according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the caliber of the planting bag is more than 4 times of the diameter of the rafters Liu Gan and is not less than 45cm, and the height is 50-60cm.
4. The method for transplanting-free and rapid propagation cultivation of rafter willow in arid sandy land according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, saw cuts at both ends of the rafter willow are coated with a bactericide, and then sealed with a plastic film after air-drying.
5. The method for transplanting-free rapid propagation cultivation of arid sandy land rafters according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the impermeable membrane is an HDPE impermeable membrane, and is formed by double-slit hot-melt welding, and after completion, full-water experiments are carried out, so that water is not leaked during seedling raising.
6. The method for transplanting-free rapid propagation cultivation of arid sandy land rafters according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, when the original sandy soil is backfilled between the tree planting bag and the impermeable film, the backfill thickness is not more than 25cm each time, and the tree planting bag needs to be trampled after backfill.
7. The method for transplanting-free rapid propagation cultivation of arid sandy land rafters according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, if the angle of the rafters Liu Gangao is more than 3m, temporary tree supports are required to be arranged for reinforcement.
8. The method for transplanting-free and rapid propagation cultivation of rafters in arid sandy land according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the pH value of the irrigation water is adjusted by adding a proper amount of ferrous sulfate.
9. The method for transplanting-free rapid propagation of rafters in arid sandy land according to claim 1, wherein in the sixth step, the root system of two month plants is cultivated to grow up to the planting bag.
10. The method for transplanting-free rapid propagation cultivation of arid sandy land rafters according to claim 1, wherein in the sixth step, when the tree planting bag is damaged, the periphery of the tree planting bag is cut into strips by a blade and is extracted one by one, and the residual tree planting bag which is not extracted is processed by steel drill holes along the inclined edge of the bottom of the root system, so that the root penetrating capacity of the plant root system breaks through automatically.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311223654.6A CN117158250B (en) | 2023-09-21 | 2023-09-21 | Transplanting-free rapid propagation cultivation method for rafters in arid sandy land |
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| CN202311223654.6A CN117158250B (en) | 2023-09-21 | 2023-09-21 | Transplanting-free rapid propagation cultivation method for rafters in arid sandy land |
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| CN117158250A true CN117158250A (en) | 2023-12-05 |
| CN117158250B CN117158250B (en) | 2024-05-28 |
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| CN1669398A (en) * | 2005-04-05 | 2005-09-21 | 刘延春 | Tamarisk sprouts vessel cultivation and arboriculture method |
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