CN117085119B - 一株表达猫杯状病毒vp1基因重组猫疱疹病毒疫苗及其应用 - Google Patents
一株表达猫杯状病毒vp1基因重组猫疱疹病毒疫苗及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一株表达猫杯状病毒VP1基因重组猫疱疹病毒疫苗及其应用。其中,该重组猫疱疹病毒毒株以缺失了gI/gE基因的FHV基因组为骨架,在缺失了gI/gE基因的FHV基因组中插入FCV VP1基因。本发明的重组猫疱疹病毒基因工程疫苗FHV△gI/gE FCV VP1株,免疫幼猫均能产生针对猫杯状病毒特异性抗体,有望能作为有效防治猫疱疹病毒及猫杯状病毒的疫苗候选株。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于病毒学基因工程技术和预防兽医学技术领域,特别涉及疫苗弱毒株制备技术领域,具体涉及一种表达猫杯状病毒VP1基因重组猫疱疹病毒疫苗及其应用,并进一步公开其构建方法,以及该重组基因疫苗的应用。
背景技术
猫上呼吸道疾病(Feline Upper Respiratory Tract Disease,FURTD)是猫常见的一种疾病,能够引起打喷嚏、鼻腔分泌物增多、结膜炎、食欲减退、流泪、口炎、流涎等,偶见有咳嗽等下呼吸道症状,严重时甚至引起死亡。其中最常见的病原是猫疱疹病毒(Felineherpesvirus-1,FHV-1)和猫杯状病毒(Feline calicivirus,FCV)。
FCV是一种感染猫的常见病原体,属于杯状病毒科水疱疹病毒属。FCV一般对幼猫较为易感,幼猫感染FCV后出现较高的死亡率和发病率,成年猫多为隐性感染。FCV感染的潜伏期为2-3天,病程为7-15天,该病的主要传染源是发病猫和隐性携带猫。家庭饲养宠物猫发病率以及死亡率较低,FCV的感染主要集中于大规模圈养,死亡率可以高达30%。近年来由于FCV的不断变异,全身性恶性系统性疾病(Virulent systemic disease,VSD)FCV逐渐在世界各地流行起来。VS-FCV发病率和死亡率更高,VS-FCV临床症状明显,死亡率可以高达50%。VS-FCV对所有年龄的猫均易感,对养猫业造成严重的伤害。猫群在感染FCV后自身抵抗力下降,会出现与细菌,寄生虫以及其他猫呼吸道疾病混合感染,导致FCV的死亡率显著升高。VS-FCV发病急,病程短,临床症状有皮下水肿、口腔溃疡,尤其是在口鼻和爪垫有溃疡出现。感染VS-FCV的猫群会出现严重的肺部疾病,导致间质性肺炎的发生。剖检死亡猫,可以看到明显的病灶,肺脏呈纤维性肺炎,发病严重的猫剖检后可见肠道出血,肠上皮细胞脱落并且有炎性细胞浸润。目前对于FCV的防控主要是接种疫苗,猫群自身存在的免疫抗体,母源抗体或者人工接种疫苗产生的抗体,可以减少FCV的临床发病率。然而已经接种疫苗的猫群并不能全面防止FCV的感染,这些群体可能成为隐性携带者持续排毒。
FHV-1是引起猫鼻气管炎病的主要病原。所有年龄段的猫均可以感染FHV-1,但2~4月龄幼猫最为易感,发病率100%,死亡率50%;感染FHV-1后症状包括眼结膜炎、流眼、流鼻涕、咳嗽、打喷嚏、食欲不振等。FHV-1可与其他上呼吸道病原,如猫衣原体及FCV同时发生感染;与FCV或衣原体同时感染可增加临床症状的严重程度及延长临床疾病的病程,最后可导致慢性结膜炎。FHV-1、FCV和猫泛白细胞减少症病毒(FPV)疫苗是猫最核心疫苗。据估计,在所有被诊断为猫的病毒性上呼吸道感染中,FHV-1约占50-75%。世界小动物兽医协会(WSAVA)建议是在小猫6-8周龄时接种预防FHV-1感染的疫苗,然后在2-4周后至少再接种一次。灭活和改良活病毒(MLV)猫疱疹病毒疫苗广泛使用,但与FCV和FPV相比,FHV-1感染的保护效果有限且持续时间较短。
目前针对FCV的疫苗主要是灭活苗和弱毒疫苗,大多是以疫苗株F9为基础研制。免疫之后虽然可以对FCV感染起到一定的预防作用,但是近年来由于FCV的不断变异,不断出现疫苗免疫失败的情况。接种FCV疫苗的猫群相较于未接种疫苗的猫群,临床症状以及炎症反应轻微,口咽排毒量也较少,病毒组织载量明显减少。将免疫FCV疫苗的血清与现有分离株中和,发现该疫苗免疫血清对分离株的中和效果较差,免疫血清对野毒株没有中和活性。因此现有的疫苗不能对感染猫产生免疫保护。而且现有疫苗鼻内接种后,病毒在接种部位复制可能会出现轻微的呼吸道症状。研究数据表明接种该疫苗并不能对所有接种猫群都产生免疫应答,由于母源抗体的存在,可能导致疫苗免疫失败。而且在异源攻毒的条件下,免疫保护的效果将会降低。目前疫苗存在的问题主要是FCV抗原的变异,导致疫苗并不能涵盖流行毒株,因此对于疫苗的改进仍然存在较大的挑战。目前,国内使用的F9和255疫苗与本土流行株亲缘关系较远,这也会导致疫苗接种失败。利用传统FCV疫苗并不能对抗该病毒的感染,这也为中国FCV引起的疫病防控带来了新的难题。因此,由于其高度的遗传变异性,FCV是一种呈现出多方面临床问题的病毒,到目前为止还没有证明FCV的遗传特征与临床表现之间存在关系,有必要鼓励使用本土地域的FCV疫苗。最近几年CRISPR/Cas9技术被广泛应用于病毒编辑、疫苗研制等方面。基因缺失病毒已在伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、牛疱疹病毒1(BHV-1))和马疱疹病毒1(EHV-1)广泛应用。但是现有技术中已有的疫苗效果并不理想,例如:Kimman等人报道鼻内接种双缺失gE和PK或双缺失gE和TK重组病毒的排毒量减少。
而且更为关键的是,近几年在世界各地流行的VS-FCV新毒株已经发生了明显的变异,出现了超强毒株。VS-FCV毒株甚至可以感染已接种过FCV疫苗的成年猫,被其感染后可引起猫全身性恶性系统性疾病,症状包括急性高热、精神萎靡、水肿、黄疸、头部和四肢皮肤溃疡及病毒血症等,并伴随着出现肝坏死、胰腺炎等多种组织器官的病变,病死率高达50%以上。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明利用CRISPR/Cas9介导的基因组编辑技术可以实现多个位点的同时编辑,大大提高了重组成功率和缩短试验周期。本发明前期通过CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术构建的gI和gE缺失病毒对幼猫具有良好的安全性和有效性。在本发明中,我们选择猫杯状病毒外源基因构建重组猫疱疹病毒,重组病毒免疫猫以后,表现出良好的安全性,所构建的重组载体疫苗能保护免疫猫能有效抵抗FCV强毒的攻击。本发明的猫疱疹病毒活载体疫苗是利用CRISPR/Cas9介导的基因组编辑技术将外源性目的基因插入到载体基因组中并获得高效表达,同时又不影响原毒株的复制,且能诱导机体的体液免疫与细胞免疫,甚至是黏膜免疫,有效规避了传统活疫苗和灭活疫苗的一些缺点,达到一针多防的效果。猫疱疹病毒活载体疫苗通过对病毒的修饰和非必需基因的删除等改造,提升其外源基因容量、外源蛋白表达水平和抗原递呈效率,本身具有良好的安全性。
具体的,本发明首先提供一株表达猫杯状病毒VP1基因重组猫疱疹病毒毒株,其中,该重组猫疱疹病毒毒株以缺失了gI/gE基因的FHV基因组为骨架,在缺失了gI/gE基因的FHV基因组中插入FCV VP1基因;
优选的,缺失了gI/gE基因的FHV是猫疱疹病毒FHV△gI/gE eGFP株,所述猫疱疹病毒FHV△gI/gE eGFP株,由我实验室构建保存并进行保藏(保藏编号:V202381,保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心;保藏地址为:中国武汉,武汉大学,邮编430072;保藏日期为:2023年8月8日)。
进一步,其中FCV VP1基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所述。所述序列在原始序列上做了相应的优化,与野生型相比,优势在于通过改变FCV VP1基因以匹配猫疱疹毒基因的密码子,而不是传统意义上的优化密码子,增加了蛋白表达和蛋白免疫原性。
进一步的,上述表达猫杯状病毒VP1基因重组猫疱疹病毒毒株为猫疱疹病毒FHV△gI/gE FCV VP1,所述毒株提交到中国典型培养物保藏中心进行保藏,其保藏信息如下:保藏地址为:中国武汉,武汉大学,邮编430072;保藏日期为:2023年8月8日,保藏编号为CCTCCNO:V202382。
另一方面,本发明提供一种表达猫杯状病毒VP1基因重组猫疱疹病毒毒株的制备方法,包括:
(1)构建重组载体,设计引物扩增同源重组的左、右重组臂,CMV启动子-FCV VP1基因片段、SV40 polyA信号序列片段,并将左重组臂-CMV-FCV VP1-SV40 polyA-右重组臂依序组装于获得了重组转移载体;
(2)设计提供用于编辑eGFP的sgRNA组合,所述sgRNA组合包含靶序列为FHV△gI/gE eGFP sgRNA,包括SEQ ID NO:2-SEQ ID NO:3所示核苷酸序列;
(3)步骤(1)(2)的共转染细胞后,用FHV△gI/gE eGFP毒株感染细胞,获得不包含eGFP荧光标记的重组猫疱疹病毒,该重组猫疱疹病毒即为重组猫疱疹病毒基因工程疫苗FHV△gI/gE FCV VP1。
另一方面,本发明进一步提供包含上述表达猫杯状病毒VP1基因重组猫疱疹病毒毒株的生物材料,所述生物材料为表达盒、载体或转基因细胞。
另一方面,本发明的提供一种含有表达猫杯状病毒VP1基因重组猫疱疹病毒毒株的基因工程疫苗;
所述的疫苗为活疫苗,适于滴鼻、注射接种。
另一方面,本发明的提供一种表达猫杯状病毒VP1基因重组猫疱疹病毒毒株的应用,所述应用为制备治疗和/或预防猫疱疹病毒和猫杯状病毒所导致疾病的基因工程疫苗。
进一步的,所述基因工程疫苗,由抗原和保护剂组成的,其中抗原包含有上述的重组猫疱疹病毒毒株。
另一方面,本发明的提供一种免疫组合物,所述免疫组合物包括上述表达猫杯状病毒VP1基因重组猫疱疹病毒疫苗;以及,医药学上可接受的载剂。
进一步的,所述医药学上可接受的载剂包括MONTANIDE ISA206、MONTANIDE ISA201、MONTANIDE GEL 01ST、氢氧化铝胶佐剂、明矾、弗氏佐剂、脂多糖、胆固醇、植物油、细胞因子之中的任意一种或者两种以上的组合;优选为氢氧化铝胶佐剂。
有益效果
本发明以猫疱疹病毒减毒疫苗的候选毒株FHV△gI/gE eGFP为载体,并通过同源性将FCV VP1基因插入到gI、gE基因组位置,获得重组病毒FHV△gI/gE-FCV VP1株。结果表明重组毒株与相应的亲本株生长曲线基本一致,病毒滴度差别不大;值得注意的是,在FHV△gI/gE-FCV VP1感染的CRFK细胞中表达的嵌合型FCV VP1和FPV VP2衣壳蛋白,并且可以自我组装成VLPs。这些结果表明,嵌合的衣壳蛋白在功能和抗原上是完整的。此外,VLPs在表面呈现出高度密集的重复表位是一种强的免疫刺激分子能轻易地被免疫系统识别。对重组疫苗进行了安全性和免疫效力试验,具有良好的安全性,并且能够同时诱导良好的细胞免疫和体液免疫应道,并能保护猫抵抗强毒FCV的攻击,且有效减轻幼猫的临床症状。本发明的重组猫疱疹病毒基因工程疫苗FHV△gI/gE FCV VP1株,免疫幼猫均能产生针对猫杯状病毒特异性抗体,有望能作为有效防治猫疱疹病毒及猫杯状病毒的疫苗候选株。本发明以gI、gE基因双缺失株重组疱疹病毒为骨架,构建了能表达FCV VP1重组猫疱疹病毒(FHV△gI/gE FCV VP1),研究结果表明具有良好的遗传稳定性;免疫效力试验结果也显示,重组病毒免疫猫以后,表现出良好的安全性,所构建的重组载体疫苗能保护免疫猫能有效抵抗FCV强毒的攻击。
附图说明
图1:重组质粒示意图;
图2:FHV△gI/gE FCV VP1与FHV△gI/gE eGFP的一步生长曲线
图3:FHVΔgIgE-FCV VP1病毒不同代次PCR鉴定结果
图4:FHVΔgIgE-FCV VP1病毒不同代次IFA鉴定结果
图5:免疫组和对照组攻毒后14日体温变化结果
图6:免疫组和对照组攻毒后14日临床评分结果
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
本发明所使用的猫疱疹病毒缺失gI/gE基因FHV△gI/gE eGFP毒株,由我实验室构建保存并进行保藏(保藏编号:V202381,保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心;保藏地址为:中国武汉,武汉大学,邮编430072;保藏日期为:2023年8月8日)。
实施例1:sgRNA表达载体的构建
参考发表在GenBank的eGFP基因组序列,将缺失病毒基因组序列输入sgRNA在线设计网站(http//crispr.mit.edu),寻找有PAM(NGG)的sgRNA序列,选择脱靶率较低的sgRNA,将其克隆至lentiCRISPR V2载体(北京慕鸥生物科技有限公司,Addgene),sgRNA序列(SEQID NO:2-3)如下所示。
引物名称 引物序列(5’-3’)
sgRNA-gI/gE1 F:CACCGGGCGAGGGCGATGCCACCTA(SEQ ID NO:2)
R:AAACTAGGTGGCATCGCCCTCGCCC(SEQ ID NO:3)
所述oligos的磷酸化修饰与退火体系包括:
oligo 1(100μM)1μ;
oligo 2(100μM)1μL;
去离子水补至10μL;
PCR仪95℃处理5min,按照每分钟降低5℃最后降至25℃
质粒酶切,反应体系包括:
lentiCRISPR V2质粒2μg;
BsmBI 2μL;
10X Buffer 2μL
去离子水补至40μL;
于37℃进行酶切3h,跑胶并回收。
上述oligos与酶切后的载体连接体系包括:
Oligos稀释100 1μL;
lentiCRISPR V2 10ng;
10xNEB连接酶buffer 1μL;
NEB连接酶1μL;
去离子水补至10μL;
于室温下连接4-6h,进行转化,挑取克隆,测序正确的进行下一步。
实施例2:转移质粒pMD19T-△gI/gE-FCV VP1的构建
将FHV△gI/gE eGFP株的gI/gE缺失位置的上下游同源片段和FCV VP1表达盒子(SEQ ID NO:1)依次插入质粒pMD19T中,构建同源重组转运载体pMD19T-△gI/gE-FCV VP1。扩增引物序列如表1所示。
表1与转移质粒构建相关的引物序列
实施例3:重组病毒的构建
使用Lipofectamin 3000转染方法在CRFK细胞中将Cas9质粒sgRNA-eGFP,转运载体质粒pMD19T-△gI/gE-FCV VP1共转染18小时。共转染后,用FHV△gI/gE eGFP株感染细胞(MOI=0.1)。细胞维持在37℃、5%CO2的培养箱中,当90%的CPE发生时,收集细胞并进行三次冻融。
实施例4:重组病毒的纯化与鉴定
首先,将CRFK细胞传代于六孔细胞板,待细胞汇合度达到90%-100%时,弃掉原细胞培养液并用PBS洗涤2次;同时,将病毒原液用EMEM进行倍比稀释,将稀释好的病毒以10-2-10-5均匀接种于细胞板上,在37℃温箱中孵育3h,弃掉病毒液;将2%的低熔点琼脂糖溶液(60℃保存)与2×细胞维持液按1:1的比例混匀后,加入各培养孔中,2ml/孔,冷却后凝固成覆盖层。通过荧光显微镜挑选无绿色荧光空斑,经过7轮纯化后,获得重组的△gI/gE FCVVP1毒株,并将其纯化后保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心;保藏地址为:中国武汉,武汉大学,邮编430072;保藏日期为:2023年8月8日,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:V202382。
实施例5:重组病毒的生长特性的测定
FHV△gI/gE-FCV VP1株和FHV△gI/gE eGFP株分别按照MOI=0.1比例接种铺满单层的CRFK细胞,置于培养箱内继续培养。每隔6h收取病毒液测定TCID50,并绘制一步生长曲线(图2)。结果显示FHV△gI/gE FCV VP1和亲本株FHV△gI/gE eGFP的生长曲线基本一致。
实施例6:重组病毒的遗传稳定性验证
FHV△gI/gE FCV VP1病毒在CRFK细胞上盲传20代,并分别提取每代病毒的基因组,进行外源基因扩增和插入鉴定。取F2、F4、F6、F8、F10、F12、F14、F16、F18、F20代病毒接种CRFK细胞提取每代病毒的基因组,用gIgE-check鉴定引物分别进行外源基因扩增和插入鉴定。结果显示:各个代次病毒均扩增出了外源基因,且插入位置大小均与预期结果相符(图3)。IFA结果显示:F1、F3、F5、F10、F15、F20代病毒中的外源基因FCV VP1均高效表达(图4)。
实施例7:重组病毒的免疫保护力测定
7.1试验方法:选取3~4月的猫疱疹病毒阴性布偶猫8只;随机分为2组,每组4只幼猫,在0和滴鼻免疫106TCID50的病毒,在28天用109TCID50 FCV强毒攻击。攻毒后观察14天,每天测量体温,观察和记录临床症状。
7.2试验结果:如图5-6所示,强毒FCV攻毒后对照组的所有幼猫都表现出典型的临床症状包括打喷嚏、抑郁食欲不振、眼鼻炎浆液性分泌物、咳嗽和舌头有口腔溃疡病灶,后期临床症状逐渐加深,并且出现死亡,FHV△gI/gE FCV VP1株接种组,幼猫体温正常,两只幼猫在攻毒后第4天出现打喷嚏的症状,表明FHV△gI/gE FCV VP1株对幼猫具有良好的保护能力。
上述对实施例的描述是为了便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和使用本发明。熟悉本领域技术人员显然可以容易的对这些实施例做出各种修改,并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中,而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此,本发明不限于上述实施例。本领域技术人员根据本发明的原理,不脱离本发明的范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一株表达猫杯状病毒VP1基因重组猫疱疹病毒基因工程疫苗,其特征在于,所述的重组猫疱疹病毒基因工程疫苗中表达外源的猫杯状病毒VP1基因,同时缺失猫疱疹病毒中的gI和gE基因;其中,缺失猫疱疹病毒中的gI和gE基因的猫疱疹病毒是猫疱疹病毒FHV△gI/gE eGFP株,所述猫疱疹病毒FHV△gI/gE eGFP株,保藏编号:V202381,保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心;保藏地址为:中国武汉,武汉大学,邮编430072;保藏日期为:2023年8月8日;基因工程疫苗是猫疱疹病毒FHV△gI/gE FCV VP1病毒株,所述猫疱疹病毒FHV△gI/gE FCVVP1病毒株保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心;保藏地址为:中国武汉,武汉大学,邮编430072;保藏日期为:2023年8月8日,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:V202382。
2.如权利要求1所述的一株表达猫杯状病毒VP1基因重组猫疱疹病毒基因工程疫苗在制备治疗或者预防猫疱疹病毒Ⅰ型和猫杯状病毒的药物中的应用。
3.一种免疫组合物,其特征在于包括:权利要求1所述一种表达猫杯状病毒VP1基因重组猫疱疹病毒疫苗;以及,医药学上可接受的载剂。
4.如权利要求3所述的免疫组合物,其特征在于:所述医药学上可接受的载剂包括MONTANIDE ISA206、MONTANIDE ISA 201、MONTANIDE GEL 01ST、氢氧化铝胶佐剂、明矾、弗氏佐剂、脂多糖、胆固醇、植物油、细胞因子之中的任意一种或者两种以上的组合。
5.如权利要求4所述的免疫组合物,其中医药学上可接受的载剂为氢氧化铝胶佐剂。
6.一种如权利要求1所述表达猫杯状病毒VP1基因重组猫疱疹病毒毒株的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)构建重组载体,设计引物扩增同源重组的左、右重组臂,CMV启动子-FCV VP1基因片段、SV40 polyA信号序列片段,并将左重组臂-CMV-FCV VP1-SV40 polyA-右重组臂依序组装于获得了重组转移载体;
(2)设计提供用于编辑eGFP的sgRNA组合,所述sgRNA组合包含靶序列为FHV△gI/gEeGFP sgRNA,包括SEQ ID NO:2-SEQ ID NO:3所示核苷酸序列;
(3)步骤(1)(2)的共转染细胞后,用FHV△gI/gE eGFP毒株感染细胞,获得不包含eGFP荧光标记的重组猫疱疹病毒,该重组猫疱疹病毒即为重组猫疱疹病毒基因工程疫苗FHV△gI/gE FCV VP1。
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