CN117083359A - 聚烯烃系粘合剂组合物和层叠体 - Google Patents
聚烯烃系粘合剂组合物和层叠体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117083359A CN117083359A CN202280025851.4A CN202280025851A CN117083359A CN 117083359 A CN117083359 A CN 117083359A CN 202280025851 A CN202280025851 A CN 202280025851A CN 117083359 A CN117083359 A CN 117083359A
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- acid
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- adhesive composition
- substrate
- modified polyolefin
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- C09J123/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J123/26—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09J123/28—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment by reaction with halogens or compounds containing halogen
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- B32B25/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B25/08—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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Abstract
本发明的课题在于提供一种粘合剂组合物,所述粘合剂组合物对于以聚烯烃系树脂例如聚丙烯、聚乙烯、乙烯‑乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)为主成分的基材,即使不使用固化剂或紫外线等也能表现出优异的粘合性。作为解决手段,本发明提供一种粘合剂组合物,所述粘合剂组合物含有:氯含量为10~40质量%的氯化改性聚烯烃(A)、水(B),以及酸(C)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种粘合剂组合物,所述粘合剂组合物对于以聚烯烃系树脂例如聚丙烯、聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)为主成分的基材,即使不使用固化剂或紫外线也能表现出优异的粘合性。
背景技术
聚乙烯系树脂因其相对廉价、性能优异,例如具有耐化学性、耐水性、耐热性等,被广泛应用于汽车部件、家电、生活用品、容器类等。然而,在具有这些特征的同时,由于聚乙烯系树脂的结晶性,其表面不具有反应性高的官能团,难以对聚乙烯系树脂基材进行粘合或涂装。例如,乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)是一种可被用于运动鞋等的中底的缓冲性、轻量性优异的基材,但也要求其具有与耐冲击、弯曲应力的基材间的牢固粘合性。专利文献1中,作为鞋类部件的粘合用底漆,记载了由热塑性弹性体与共聚单体的共聚物以及有机溶剂组成的、不含氯的树脂组合物。专利文献2中,记载了含有聚氯丁二烯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝共聚物、以及(乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物)-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝共聚物的粘合剂组合物。然而,这些粘合剂都是溶于有机溶剂的溶剂系粘合剂,其闪点低,安全性不高。
此外,在专利文献3中,添加光聚合性单体,通过紫外线照射以期提高粘合性。然而,由于需要导入用于紫外线照射的大型设备,也可能导致紫外线引起的基材的黄变和特性降低,因而寻求一种不需要紫外线照射的粘合剂。
【现有技术文献】
【专利文献】
【专利文献1】日本特开2005-290313号公报
【专利文献2】日本特开2004-359788号公报
【专利文献3】日本特开2020-122166号公报
发明内容
【发明要解决的课题】
本发明以上述现有技术为背景而完成。即,本发明的目的在于提供一种粘合剂组合物,所述粘合剂组合物对于如聚丙烯或EVA这样的低极性聚烯烃基材的粘合性优异。
【解决课题的技术手段】
为达成上述课题,本发明人多次深入研究,结果发现,含有氯含量为10~40质量%的氯化改性聚烯烃(A)、水(B)以及酸(C)的粘合剂组合物是有效的,并提出了以下发明。
【发明的效果】
通过本发明,在对于如EVA这样的低极性基材的粘合中,即使不使用紫外线照射或固化剂也能表现出高粘合强度。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的实施方式进行说明。
<氯化改性聚烯烃(A)>
本发明所用的氯化改性聚烯烃(A)没有限定,优选为对聚乙烯、聚丙烯以及丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物中的至少1种施加改性而成的制品。
氯化改性聚烯烃(A)更优选为对聚丙烯或丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物施加改性而成的制品。丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物是以丙烯为主体,在其上共聚α-烯烃而成的制品。α-烯烃可选用例如乙烯、1-丁烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、乙酸乙烯酯等的1种或多种。这些α-烯烃中,优选乙烯、1-丁烯,特别优选使用乙烯和1-丁烯。
氯化改性聚烯烃(A)优选聚烯烃中丙烯含量为60质量%以上,更优选为70质量%以上,特别优选为80质量%以上,进一步优选为90质量%以上。
本发明所用的氯化改性聚烯烃(A)虽然没有限定,但从粘合性的观点出发,优选为在聚乙烯、聚丙烯以及丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物中的至少1种上接枝α,β-不饱和羧酸及其酸酐的至少1种所得到的制品。α,β-不饱和羧酸及其酸酐的至少1种可列举马来酸、衣康酸、柠康酸及它们的酸酐。其中优选酸酐,更优选马来酸酐。具体而言,可列举马来酸酐改性聚丙烯、马来酸酐改性丙烯/乙烯共聚物、马来酸酐改性丙烯/1-丁烯共聚物、马来酸酐改性丙烯/乙烯/1-丁烯共聚物等,这些改性聚烯烃可以使用1种或2种以上组合使用。
氯化改性聚烯烃(A)的α,β-不饱和羧酸及其酸酐的含量,优选为在氯化改性聚烯烃树脂中0.01~20质量%的范围,更优选0.3~10质量%的范围,最优选1~5质量%的范围。当该含量小于0.01质量%时,氯化改性聚烯烃树脂的极性基不足,因而可能不表现出粘合性,反之,当大于20质量%时,对聚烯烃树脂基材的附着力可能降低,因而不优选。
氯化改性聚烯烃(A)的氯含量范围为10~40质量%。优选为15~38质量%,更优选20~35质量%,特别优选21~33质量%,最优选25~30质量%。在10质量%以上时,对基材的浸润性变得良好,粘合性趋于变得良好。另一方面,大于40质量%时,树脂的柔软性受损,有时会导致粘合性降低。
氯化改性聚烯烃(A)的重均分子量(Mw)优选10,000~200,000的范围。更优选20,000~180,000的范围,进一步优选30,000~160,000的范围,特别优选40,000~140,000的范围,最优选50,000~120,000的范围。在10,000以上时,凝聚力变强,粘合性趋于变得良好。另一方面,在200,000以下时,流动性变得良好,粘合时的操作性趋于变得良好。
氯化改性聚烯烃(A)的熔点优选为80℃以下,更优选70℃以下,特别优选60℃以下,最优选不具有熔点。在此不具有熔点是指:通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测定,熔点的熔解热(△H)为5J/g以下。
本发明所用的氯化聚烯烃可用公知的方法制造。作为其制造方法的一例,将氯化聚烯烃溶解于氯化溶剂中,在紫外线照射下或含有过氧化苯甲酰等过氧化物催化剂的存在下,在溶液状态或不均匀分散状态下,在常压或加压、50~150℃的温度下吹入氯气,使其反应可得到氯化改性聚烯烃。
<水(B)>
本发明所用的水,通常可用自来水或离子交换水。
本发明的粘合剂组合物中水的含量优选为粘合剂组合物中的10~98质量%,更优选为20~90质量%,特别优选30~70质量%,进一步优选40~60质量%。
<酸(C)>
本发明所用的酸(C)优选为有机酸。有机酸可使用羧酸、氨基酸、有机磺酸、酸酐等。其中,酸酐也可以在添加后通过水解生成酸。酸的具体示例可列举甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、己酸、辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、十五酸、棕榈酸、十七酸、二十酸、二十二酸、二十四酸、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、甲康酸(methaconic acid)、中康酸、柠康酸、丁酸、戊酸、己酸、丙二酸、戊二酸、草酸、乳酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、水杨酸、对香豆酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸、绿原酸、奎宁酸、乳清酸、乙醇酸、葡糖酸、硬脂酸、苯甲酸、乙醛酸等,这些可以单独使用,也可以2种以上任意组合使用。其中,在提高EVA基材与热塑性弹性体基材或橡胶基材间的粘合性方面,pKa(酸解离常数)优选4.8以下,更优选4.0以下,特别优选甲酸等3.8以下的酸。此外,有多个pKa的情况下,多个pKa中至少有一个在4.8以下即可。进而酸(C)为使用2种以上的情况下,优选至少1种的在4.8以下。
酸(C)相对于100质量份氯化改性聚烯烃(A),优选为0.1~100质量份,更优选1~80质量份,特别优选3~60质量份,进一步优选5~50质量份。
酸(C)可以例如在下述的乳化法中在粘合剂乳化前的分散溶剂中添加,也可以在乳化后添加。
<乳化剂(D)>
本发明所用的乳化剂(D)可列举例如聚氧乙烯油基十六烷基醚等聚氧乙烯烷基醚系、聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚系、聚氧乙烯烷基系、聚氧乙烯烷基芳基醚系、聚乙烯烷基酯系、脱水山梨糖醇烷基酯系、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇烷基酯系、聚(氧乙烯-氧丙烯)嵌段共聚物系等非离子型表面活性剂;高级烷基硫酸酯系、烷基或芳基聚氧乙烯硫酸酯盐系、高级脂肪酸盐系、烷基芳基磺酸盐系、烷基磷酸酯盐系等阴离子型表面活性剂等。
上述乳化剂的HLB值优选1~20,更优选10~19。
上述乳化剂可以单独使用,也可以2种以上并用。乳化剂(D)的使用量相对于100质量份氯化改性聚烯烃(A)优选30质量份以下,特别优选20质量份以下。此外,优选0.5质量份以上。
<有机溶剂(E)>
本发明所用的有机溶剂(E)可溶解氯化改性聚烯烃(A)。具体而言,可使用例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯等芳香族烃;己烷、庚烷、辛烷、癸烷等脂肪族烃;环己烷、环己烯、甲基环己烷、乙基环己烷、丁基环己烷、戊基环己烷等脂环族烃;甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、戊醇、己醇、丙二醇、苯酚等醇系溶剂;丙酮、甲基异丁基酮、甲乙酮、戊酮、己酮、环己酮、异佛尔酮、苯乙酮等酮系溶剂;甲基溶纤剂、乙基溶纤剂等溶纤剂类;乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸戊酯、丙酸甲酯、甲酸丁酯等酯系溶剂;乙二醇单正丁醚、乙二醇单异丁醚、乙二醇单叔丁醚、二甘醇单正丁醚、二甘醇单异丁醚、三甘醇单正丁醚、三甘醇单异丁醚等乙二醇系溶剂,这些可以1种使用也可以2种以上并用。从作业环境性、干燥性的观点出发,特别优选如甲基环己烷或乙基环己烷这样的脂环族烃和如乙酸丁酯、甲乙酮这样的极性溶剂的混合溶剂。
有机溶剂(E)相对于100质量份氯化改性聚烯烃(A),优选为1质量份以上,更优选100质量份以上,进一步优选1500质量份以上,特别优选2000质量份以上。此外,优选15000质量份以下,更优选10000质量份以下,进一步优选8000质量份以下,最优选6000质量份以下。低于上述范围时,对基材的浸润性和粘合性有时会降低,大于上述范围内时,在制造成本和运输成本方面有时会变得不利。
<添加剂>
本发明的粘合剂中,为了根据目的进一步改善性能,可添加其他树脂、无机颗粒、填充剂、颜料、染料等。
本发明的粘合剂优选不含有固化剂。不含有固化剂是指:相对于100质量份氯化改性聚烯烃(A)在3质量%以下,优选为1质量%以下,更优选为0.5质量%以下。通过不含有固化剂,可抑制固化导致的储存时粘度上升,即使长期生产也可以高成品率进行生产。
<粘合剂>
为得到本发明的粘合剂,需要使用上述氯化改性聚烯烃、乳化剂、水以及酸并进行乳化。其方法可通过强制乳化法或自乳化法、转相乳化法等公知的方法进行乳化。例如,在强制乳化法中,本发明中,向设置好的如均质混合器这样的乳化机的容器加入溶解了规定量的乳化剂的水溶液,向其中缓慢加入氯化改性聚烯烃并进行乳化。此时,为使该树脂能在水中充分乳化分散,需要用有机溶剂预先溶解,或至少预先使其成为溶胀或分散的状态。若不如此,则不能在体系中赋予充分的搅拌动力,因而得不到期望的粒径。体系中预先添加的有机溶剂也可在不损害粘合剂的粘合性的范围中通过减压浓缩去除。
将本发明中的粘合剂涂布于基材的方法没有特别限定,可列举使脱脂棉或布浸润粘合剂向基材涂布的方法,或使用喷雾器涂布的方法。
<乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)基材>
本发明所用的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)基材可以是单独的EVA,也可以是向EVA中加入了EVA以外的树脂或成分的混合物。基材形状可列举薄膜、片状、块状、发泡体等各种形状,但优选发泡体。
<热塑性弹性体基材和橡胶基材>
本发明所用的热塑性弹性体基材没有特别限定,例如可列举作为热塑性弹性体的聚烯烃系、聚氨酯系、聚苯乙烯系、氯乙烯系、聚酯系、聚酰胺系、聚丁二烯系等。从粘合性的观点出发,优选聚氨酯系的热塑性弹性体基材。
本发明所用的橡胶基材没有特别限定,可列举天然橡胶、丁腈橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶等,也可以包含抗氧化剂、增塑剂、颜料、无机颗粒等。
含有由本发明的粘合剂组合物得到的粘合剂层的层叠体,例如通过在基材表面上涂布本发明的粘合剂组合物,将所形成的涂膜作为粘合剂层与其他材料粘合,可以得到上述层叠体。此外,通过将本发明的粘合剂组合物涂布在基材表面上,将所形成的涂膜作为底漆层,进而在其上涂布以往公知的粘合剂形成粘合剂层,再与其他材料粘合也可得到层叠体。
以往公知的粘合剂例如可列举乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物树脂系粘合剂、改性乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物树脂系粘合剂、丙烯酸树脂系粘合剂、氨基甲酸乙酯树脂系粘合剂、聚烯烃树脂系粘合剂、改性聚烯烃树脂系粘合剂、聚氯丁二烯等合成橡胶系粘合剂、松香树脂系粘合剂。这些粘合剂可使用溶剂性、水性、热熔性等任意一种的粘合剂,但从着火的危险性和环境卫生出发,适合使用水性粘合剂。
以下列举实施例对本发明进一步详细说明。但本发明不限定于实施例。
<制造例>
制造例1(氯化改性聚烯烃树脂的制造)
将丙烯-乙烯-丁烯三元共聚物(PO-1,乙烯成分含量=3.4摩尔%,丁烯成分含量=2.7摩尔%)500g、马来酸酐25g、二叔丁基过氧化物20g以及甲苯760g加入带有搅拌器的高压釜中,氮气置换约5分钟后,加热搅拌的同时在140℃反应5小时。反应结束后,用丙酮重复进行3次再沉淀,除去未反应的马来酸酐。减压干燥后,将得到的马来酸酐改性聚烯烃树脂500g与氯仿5045g加入带有搅拌器的高压釜中,氮气置换约5分钟后,加热至110℃使树脂充分溶解。然后,加入5.0g过氧化-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯,吹入140g氯气。通过减压蒸馏去除反应溶剂氯仿并干燥,得到氯含量10质量%、重均分子量12万、马来酸酐含量1.0质量%的氯化改性聚烯烃树脂(A-1)固体。
制造例2~制造例9
使用表1所示质量份的聚烯烃树脂、马来酸酐、二叔丁基过氧化物和氯气,通过与制造例1相同的方式得到氯化改性聚烯烃(A-2)~(A-9)。
实施例1(粘合剂组合物的制作)
将制造例1得到的氯化改性聚烯烃树脂(A-1)100g与甲酸30g加入2000g乙基环己烷/乙酸丁酯混合溶剂中,在60℃搅拌2小时,得到氯化改性聚烯烃树脂溶液。进而,向2000g离子交换水中加入20g乳化剂(NOIGEN EA-177D,第一工业制药株式会社制,非离子型表面活性剂),在60℃搅拌2小时,得到乳化剂水溶液。将得到的氯化改性聚烯烃树脂溶液和乳化剂水溶液加入1L高型烧杯中,使用高速搅拌机(CLEARMIX CLM-0.8S:M Technique公司制),在室温、转速8000rpm下搅拌5分钟,得到粘合剂组合物1。
实施例2~实施例16以及比较例1~4
根据表2、表3所示进行变更,通过与实施例1相同的方式制作粘合剂组合物,并进行各评价。
【表1】
【表2】
【表3】
对如上所述得到的各氯化改性聚烯烃以及粘合剂组合物,根据下列方法进行分析测定和评价。
<马来酸酐含量的测定>
本发明中的马来酸酐含量(质量%)可通过FT-IR得到。具体可以列举。具体的测定条件,首先以任意浓度溶解马来酸酐溶液,制备标准曲线溶液。使用FT-IR8200PC(岛津制作所公司制),测定标准曲线溶液的FT-IR,根据马来酸酐的羰基(C=O)的伸缩峰(1780cm-1)的吸光度制作标准曲线。将改性聚烯烃树脂溶于氯仿并测定FT-IR,基于上述标准曲线,通过马来酸酐的羰基键伸缩峰(1780cm-1)的吸光度得到马来酸酐的酸改性量。
<数均分子量(Mn)与重均分子量(Mw)的测定>
本发明中的重均分子量是通过日本Waters公司制的凝胶渗透色谱Alliancee2695(以下称GPC,基准物质:聚烯烃树脂,流动相:四氢呋喃,色谱柱:shodex KF-806+KF-803,柱温:40℃,流速:1.0ml/分钟,检测器:光电二极管阵列检测器(波长254nm的紫外线))测定的值。
评价用试验片的制作
·EVA/热塑性弹性体试验片的制作
EVA基材使用发泡EVA片材(乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物发泡体,尺寸为100mm×30mm×10mm的立方体),热塑性弹性体基材使用TPU基材(聚氨酯系热塑性弹性体片材,尺寸100mm×10mm×2mm)。
EVA基材预先通过MEK脱脂,使用热风干燥机在60℃干燥3小时。干燥后,将EVA基材放入热风干燥机中在60℃预热5分钟,取出后立即用粘合剂组合物涂布EVA基材。此时,用浸润了粘合剂组合物的脱脂棉涂布基材的整个表面。涂布粘合剂组合物之后,用热风干燥机在60℃干燥涂布面3分钟,得到层叠有粘合剂层的EVA基材。向所得EVA基材和TPU基材的表面上分别用刷子涂布聚氨酯系粘合剂(DISPERCOLL U54,Covestro公司制),使干燥后的膜厚为200μm,用热风干燥机干燥5分钟。干燥后立即将EVA基材和TPU基材贴合,用压力为20kgf/cm2的冲压机压合15秒。如此,得到粘合性评价用的试验片。将此试验片在室温静置24小时后,在下列T型剥离试验中通过拉伸试验机评价粘合性。
<T型剥离试验>
将上述试验片切成100mm×10mm的大小,通过T型剥离试验根据以下标准进行评价。
根据ASTM-D1876-61的试验方法,使用Orient Corporation公司制的TENSILONRTM-100,测定25℃环境、拉伸速度50mm/分钟时的剥离强度。EVA基材/TPU基材间的剥离强度(kgf/cm)为5次试验的平均值。
<粘合性评价标准>
◎(实用性特别优异):5.0kgf/cm以上或EVA材料破裂。材料破裂指:EVA基材/TPU基材的界面未剥离,但EVA基材被破坏的情况。
○(可实用):3.0kgf/cm以上,小于5.0kgf/cm
×(不可实用):小于3.0kgf/cm
【产业上的可利用性】
本发明的粘合剂含有氯含量为10~40质量%的氯化改性聚烯烃(A)、乳化剂、水、以及酸,适用期性良好,即使不进行紫外线照射也能表现出高粘合强度。因此,由本发明的粘合剂形成的聚烯烃基材与热塑性弹性体(或橡胶)的层叠体不仅可广泛应用于汽车内部部件、家具材料、建筑内部部件材料等领域,还可用于鞋类或运动鞋的鞋底粘合剂以及可作为底漆广泛应用。
Claims (7)
1.一种粘合剂组合物,所述粘合剂组合物含有:
氯含量为10~40质量%的氯化改性聚烯烃(A)、
水(B),
以及酸(C)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,所述氯化改性聚烯烃(A)中以总计0.01~20质量%的比例含有α,β-不饱和羧酸和/或其酸酐。
3.根据权利要求1~2所述的粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,还含有乳化剂(D)。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,还含有有机溶剂(E)。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,相对于氯化改性聚烯烃(A),固化剂的含量为5质量%以下。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,其为用于乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物EVA基材与由热塑性弹性体或橡胶形成的基材的粘合的粘合剂。
7.一种层叠体,所述层叠体具有下述3层依次层叠而成的结构
乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物EVA基材、
由权利要求1~6中任一项所述的粘合剂组合物获得的粘合剂层,
以及由热塑性弹性体或橡胶形成的基材。
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