CN116895538A - 一种面板级封装可焊性镀层的制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明申请公开了一种面板级封装可焊性镀层的制作方法,包括以下步骤:涂胶步骤:在封装面板暴露焊盘的一面涂覆粘接胶;蚀刻步骤:在涂粘接胶的一面蚀刻出缺口,以完全暴露出焊盘;焊接步骤:在缺口处涂上焊料,缺口处焊料与焊盘焊接为一体,形成焊柱;研磨步骤:将焊柱和粘接胶研磨,研磨面为一平面;去胶步骤,本申请通过粘接胶涂覆、蚀刻、填焊料、焊接和去胶,形成凸出的焊层,所用的设备都是产线现有的设备,不需要额外采购其他特别的设备,不需要采用昂贵的化学药水,相对于电镀锡和化锡工艺,成本降低,工艺简单,可以根据实际生产的需要制作焊层的厚度,没有焊层的损失风险,产品设计的自由度好。
Description
技术领域
本发明申请属于芯片封装技术领域,尤其涉及一种面板级封装可焊性镀层的制作方法。
背景技术
面板级封装(PLP)是一种从晶圆和条带级向更大尺寸面板级转换的方案,在加速生产周期及降低成本的考虑下,封装技术开发方向已由扇出型晶圆级封装(FOWLP)部分转向可在比300㎜晶圆更大面积的方形面板上进行,扇出型面板封装(FOPLP)面积使用率为晶圆的5.7倍,相较于其他封装技术,扇出型封装有更大的面板尺寸和更高的制造效率,封装的单个成本更低,先进程度更好,扇出型板级封装技术因具备大产能且更具成本优势,是目前高速成长功率器件、传感器、通信等车规级芯片生产的最佳解决方案。
扇出型面板产品封装完成切割后,其规格尺寸和传统封装产品并无差别,也需要通过表面贴装工艺(SMT)将其贴片至PCB板完成最后的焊接,要求封装体的焊盘具有可焊性,可以和PCB板上的对应焊盘相连接,在半导体封装领域,通常封装体焊盘可焊性成分是锡或金,锡由于其优良的焊接性和成本优势得到广泛应用,电镀锡是传统封装采用的可焊镀层,通常厚度要求在6~20μm左右,在面板级封装过程中需要制作多层的铜层,采用电镀锡必须要引入导通电路布线,势必对多层铜层的制作有所限制,限制了面板封装过程中层产品设计的自由度,同时电镀锡要有相应的电镀锡的生产线,电镀完成后对导电底层的种子层要化学药水去除,也会对可焊型的锡层造成损伤,面板级封装中另一个可焊性锡层的制作方式是化锡,可以采用和PCB板相类似的化锡线,不需要设计导电的底层金属,可以最大发挥面板级产品设计的自由度,非常适合面板级产品的可焊性锡层的制作,但化学锡层的厚度比较低,通常为1μm,勉强可以满足通常产品焊性的要求,而且锡层和下面的铜层会形成厚度越来越大的介面合金共化物(IMC),室温储存一个月后,锡的厚度损失0.23μm,两次回流焊,锡的厚度损失0.8μm,长期储存和高温回流焊后,影响镀层的可焊性,所以化学镀锡层也存在着应用的局限性。
综上所述,通过电镀或者化学镀的方式,在面板级封装产品可焊性锡层制作中都存在局限性,故亟待通过一种面板级封装可焊性镀层的制作方法来解决以上的技术问题。
发明内容
为解决上述现有技术中的问题,本发明申请提供了一种面板级封装可焊性镀层的制作方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明申请提出的一种面板级封装可焊性镀层的制作方法,包括以下步骤:
涂胶步骤:在封装面板暴露焊盘的一面涂覆粘接胶;
蚀刻步骤:在涂粘接胶的一面蚀刻出缺口,以完全暴露出焊盘;
焊接步骤:在缺口处涂上焊料,缺口处焊料与焊盘焊接为一体,形成焊柱;
研磨步骤:将焊柱和粘接胶研磨,研磨面为一平面;
去胶步骤:去除粘接胶,以形成焊盘处凸出的焊层。
进一步,所述涂胶步骤中,粘接胶为防焊蓝胶,涂覆的厚度为90-120μm。
进一步,所述涂胶步骤中,涂覆粘接胶的方式为旋涂或者刮涂。
进一步,所述蚀刻步骤中,缺口是通过激光垂直于封装面板平面烧灼的方式蚀刻形成。
进一步,所述蚀刻步骤中,还包括清洁步骤:将暴露出焊盘的封装面板去氧化微蚀刻,以保证暴露的焊盘表面的洁净。
进一步,所述焊接步骤中,焊柱的高度为50-60μm,焊柱通过焊料回流焊的方式形成。
本发明申请:通过粘接胶涂覆、蚀刻、填焊料、焊接和去胶,形成凸出的焊层,所用的设备都是产线现有的设备,不需要额外采购其他特别的设备,不需要采用昂贵的化学药水,相对于电镀锡和化锡工艺,成本降低,工艺简单,可以根据需要制作焊层的厚度,没有焊层的损失风险,产品设计的自由度好。
附图说明
图1为本发明申请一种面板级封装可焊性镀层的制作方法的涂胶步骤的示意图;
图2为本发明申请一种面板级封装可焊性镀层的制作方法的蚀刻步骤的示意图;
图3为本发明申请一种面板级封装可焊性镀层的制作方法的焊接步骤的示意图;
图4为本发明申请一种面板级封装可焊性镀层的制作方法的研磨步骤的示意图;
图5为本发明申请一种面板级封装可焊性镀层的制作方法的去胶步骤的示意图。
图中标记说明:封装面板1、粘接胶2、焊盘3、焊柱4、焊层5。
具体实施方式
为了更好地了解本发明申请的目的、结构及功能,下面结合附图1-5,对本发明申请提出的一种面板级封装可焊性镀层的制作方法,做进一步详细的描述。
本发明申请提出的一种面板级封装可焊性镀层的制作方法,包括以下步骤:
涂胶步骤:在封装面板1暴露焊盘3的一面涂覆粘接胶2;
蚀刻步骤:在涂粘接胶2的一面蚀刻出缺口,以完全暴露出焊盘3;
焊接步骤:在缺口处涂上焊料,缺口处焊料与焊盘3焊接为一体,形成焊柱4;
研磨步骤:将焊柱4和粘接胶2研磨,研磨面为一平面;
去胶步骤:去除粘接胶2,以形成焊盘3处凸出的焊层5。
请参阅附图1和涂胶步骤,提供一封装面板1,该封装面板1包封有焊盘3,封装面板1为本领域常见的封装体,可以为环氧树脂塑料体也可以为其他封装体,本申请以环氧树脂塑封体为例,封装面板1包裹有焊盘3,焊盘3可以为铜焊盘,焊盘3面与封装面板1面齐平并外露,在封装面板1暴露焊盘3的一面涂覆粘接胶2,本申请使用的粘接胶2是涂覆厚度为100μm的UV蓝胶,可根据不同生产要求对应的蓝胶厚度需要,选择不同粘度的蓝胶,本申请中粘接胶2的粘度为1300cps,将涂覆粘接胶2的封装面板1做UV固化,即使用UV紫外光照射,固化后的粘接胶2表面光亮、平滑且无粘性,紫外光照射的能量为:365nm,5000mJ/cm2,UV胶可为市场上常用的可剥型防焊蓝胶,其可以通过旋涂和刮涂的方式涂覆,该蓝胶耐酸碱且耐后续回流焊中高达260℃的高温,满足工艺流程中各种工序的使用要求,且取材方便容易,成本较低,封装面板1涂覆粘接胶2后该平面平整。
请参阅附图2和蚀刻步骤:通过蚀刻方法中的激光烧蚀将焊盘3正上方对应的粘接胶2去除,具体的工艺流程为:根据焊盘3的形状激光烧蚀焊盘3处的粘接胶2,本申请以圆柱形焊盘3为例,即在粘接胶2表面烧蚀出圆形边缘,且深度到达焊盘3,即涂覆粘接胶2的厚度100μm,之后拿掉该圆柱形的粘接胶2,形成的缺口处暴露出焊盘3,此时焊盘3的表面有粘接胶2的附着,进一步的,需要通过清洁步骤,将暴露出焊盘3的封装面板1进行去氧化微蚀刻,具体的工艺流程为:将封装面板1整体放置到主要成分是含量为120ml/L硫酸的药水中清洗,以去除焊盘3表面残留的粘接胶2,保持焊盘3面的干净,保证后续焊层5的稳定形成。
请参阅附图3和焊接步骤,在缺口处涂上焊料,焊料可以为锡膏,可以根据焊盘3开口的大小选择相应的锡膏,锡膏的种类可以根据具体产品需求灵活选择,对锡膏的要求较低,本申请中选择的锡膏,锡膏中的锡球粒径为5-25μm之间,可以采用本领域中广泛应用的SAC305的锡膏,即锡含量为96.5%、银含量为3.0%、铜含量为0.5%,可以通过手动或者设备刮刀将焊料刮涂在封装面板1的缺口处,进一步的,可在涂覆焊料后进行超声振动,以减小涂覆焊料的空隙,焊料填充的更加紧实,有效保证后续焊接过程中焊接质量,涂覆锡膏焊料的封装面板1过回流焊,将焊盘3上的焊料熔融,缺口处焊料与焊盘3焊接为一体,形成焊柱4,焊柱4的表面呈弧形,弧度的大小视焊盘3面积大小而定,焊柱4的高度范围为50-60μm,本申请以焊柱4高度55μm为例,焊柱4的形成方式容易,不需要经过耗材钢网印刷的工序,对锡膏的要求较低,生产成本得到控制,且不需要通过电镀和化学镀的方式形成,而是通过回流焊等焊接方式形成,工艺简单、高效、结构稳定,焊层5的成分可以根据具体的产品要求选择相应的锡膏,相对于电镀锡和化锡工艺,有很大的选择自由度。
请参阅附图4和研磨步骤,将焊柱4和粘接胶2研磨,先粗磨再细磨,研磨轮的颗粒目数在2000-5000之间,研磨后焊柱4和粘接胶2为一平面,通过控制研磨抛光的参数可以控制锡的延展程度,在研磨的时候,延展的锡残留会嵌入到旁边的粘接胶2中,后续去胶步骤时,可以将嵌入的残留锡带走,控制研磨量,使其厚度达到要求,研磨过程中,粘接胶2层可以对基板焊盘3外的区域起到保护作用,可以通过不同厚度的粘接胶2和研磨量控制焊层5的厚度,厚度的选择性自由度大。
请参阅附图5和去胶步骤,去除粘接胶2,将封装面板1浸泡在丙酮或者异丙酮(IPA)溶液中,浸泡约10分钟左右,可将剩余的粘接胶2从封装面板1上剥离下来,即形成焊盘3处凸出的焊层5,本申请中焊层5的高度为20μm,焊层5与焊盘3相对应,通过粘接胶2涂覆、蚀刻、填料、焊接和去胶之后,形成凸出的焊层5,所用的设备都是产线现有的设备,不需要额外采购其他特别的设备,不需要采用昂贵的化学药水,相对于电镀锡和化锡工艺,成本降低,工艺简单,可以根据需要制作焊层5的厚度,不会形成介面合金共化物(IMC),没有焊层5的损失风险,对多层铜层的制作没有限制,产品设计的自由度好。
可以理解,本发明申请是通过一些实施例进行描述的,本领域技术人员知悉的,在不脱离本发明申请的精神和范围的情况下,可以对这些特征和实施例进行各种改变或等效替换。另外,在本发明申请的教导下,可以对这些特征和实施例进行修改以适应具体的情况及材料而不会脱离本发明申请的精神和范围。因此,本发明申请不受此处所公开的具体实施例的限制,所有落入本发明申请的权利要求范围内的实施例都属于本发明申请所保护的范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种面板级封装可焊性镀层的制作方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
涂胶步骤:在封装面板暴露焊盘的一面涂覆粘接胶;
蚀刻步骤:在涂粘接胶的一面蚀刻出缺口,以完全暴露出焊盘;
焊接步骤:在缺口处涂上焊料,缺口处焊料与焊盘焊接为一体,形成焊柱;
研磨步骤:将焊柱和粘接胶研磨,研磨面为一平面;
去胶步骤:去除粘接胶,以形成焊盘处凸出的焊层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的面板级封装可焊性镀层的制作方法,其特征在于,所述涂胶步骤中,粘接胶为防焊蓝胶,涂覆的厚度为90-120μm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的面板级封装可焊性镀层的制作方法,其特征在于,所述涂胶步骤中,涂覆粘接胶的方式为旋涂或者刮涂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的面板级封装可焊性镀层的制作方法,其特征在于,所述蚀刻步骤中,缺口是通过激光垂直于封装面板平面烧灼的方式蚀刻形成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的面板级封装可焊性镀层的制作方法,其特征在于,所述蚀刻步骤中,还包括清洁步骤:将暴露出焊盘的封装面板去氧化微蚀刻,以保证暴露的焊盘表面的洁净。
6.根据权利要求1所述的面板级封装可焊性镀层的制作方法,其特征在于,所述焊接步骤中,焊柱的高度为50-60μm,焊柱通过焊料回流焊的方式形成。
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