CN116889185A - Planting method for improving transplanting survival rate of ecological revetment trees - Google Patents
Planting method for improving transplanting survival rate of ecological revetment trees Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/14—Props; Stays
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
- A01G23/043—Transplanting devices for grasping, undercutting or transporting the root ball
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/06—Uprooting or pulling up trees; Extracting or eliminating stumps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G29/00—Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a planting method for improving the transplanting survival rate of ecological revetment trees, which comprises the following steps: 1) Determining the transplanting time of ecological revetment trees; 2) Determining the variety of the transplanted tree on the ecological revetment; 3) Preparing three kinds of nutrient soil; 4) Digging tree pits; 5) Soil is fixed for the first time; 6) Planting trees; 7) Three-layer type filling soil; 8) Supporting trees; 9) Fixing soil for the second time; 10 Maintenance and management after planting); 11 Root irrigation "hardening off"; 12 Root water control seedling hardening; 13 Management of water level subsidence below the bottom of the tree pit; 14 And (3) carrying out ecological soil fixation for the third time. The planting method can effectively prevent soil loss of roots of amphibious trees, promote root germination and growth of the trees, improve survival rate of the trees, and exert soil fixation, dike protection, beautifying and ecological effects of the trees as soon as possible.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, relates to a planting method of an amphibious tree in an ecological revetment, and particularly relates to a planting method for improving the transplanting survival rate of the ecological revetment tree.
Background
The ecological revetment is an artificial water revetment for recovering the permeability of a natural river bank, and amphibious plants are planted in the revetment, so that the level change, the color change and the season phase change of the revetment can be displayed, developed root systems can stabilize the revetment, conform to water flow, and the flood fighting and dike protecting capacities are enhanced. Particularly in cities, the ecological revetments can ensure the requirements of urban flood control and drainage safety, improve the ecological water environment of rivers and lakes, meet the pursuit of good living environment and improve the hydrophilicity of the rivers and lakes. Ecological revetments are based on the continuation of cognition of an ecological system and guarantee of biodiversity, and are based on ecological and safe engineering practices. The monotonous water shoreline is broken, an ecological hydrophilic shoreline is formed, a rich landscaped effect of the river plants is created, the natural state can be restored to a certain extent, the substance exchange isolated by the hardened river between soil and water is promoted to be reproduced, and the urban ecological system is restored.
However, due to the flood control purpose of the shore, soil hardening, water and soil loss easily caused by the alternate growth of tree root systems due to germination and large gradient of the revetment in the water-rich period and the dead water period, and the great influence on survival of planted amphibious trees and recovery of landscape effect caused by factors such as scouring of tree pit soil by water waves in the water-rich period and strong wind in the water-rich region are caused. The existing tree transplanting technology is extremely easy to cause the problems of exposed root parts, lodging, poor growth or death of trees and the like.
In view of the above technical drawbacks of the prior art, there is an urgent need to develop a new method for planting "amphibious" trees in ecological revetments.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a planting method for improving the transplanting survival rate of trees on ecological revetments, which can effectively prevent soil loss at roots of amphibious trees, promote root germination and growth of the trees, improve the survival rate of the trees and exert the functions of protecting dikes, beautifying and ecology as soon as possible.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the planting method for improving the transplanting survival rate of the ecological revetment trees is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Determining the transplanting time of the ecological revetment trees: transplanting when the water level of the ecological revetment drops to the annual water level;
2) Determining the types of the ecological revetment transplanted trees: selecting amphibious plants which are resistant to water and drought as trees transplanted on ecological revetments;
3) Three kinds of nutrient soil are selected: the first is core soil, the volume weight of the core soil is controlled to be 0.8-1.0g/cm < 3 >, the core soil is prepared from garden soil, turf and decomposed organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 3:1:1, 8-10kg of calcium superphosphate is added to each cubic meter of the core soil, 10g of planting EM strain and 500g of brown sugar are mixed with 10kg of water, uniformly stirred and scattered into the core soil, and the core soil is covered with a film for standby after being wetted by the water and uniformly turned again; the second is the subsoil, the volume weight of which is controlled to be 1.0-1.25g/cm < 3 >, and the subsoil, turf and decomposed organic fertilizer are prepared according to the mass ratio of 6:1:1, and the adding method of superphosphate and EM strain is the same as the preparation process of the subsoil; thirdly, surface soil, wherein the volume weight is controlled to be 1.25-1.5g/cm < 3 >, and loam or clay is directly adopted;
4) Digging tree pits: the diameter of the digging tree pit is 1.5-2.0 times of the diameter of the soil ball carried by the transplanted tree, the depth of the tree pit is 1.3-1.7 times of the height of the soil ball carried by the transplanted tree, the pit wall is smooth and vertical, and the upper opening and the lower bottom are consistent;
5) Soil fixing for the first time: surrounding the tree pit with a moso bamboo enclosure by adopting a mode of 'one deep and two shallow', namely, the lower part of one moso bamboo is 10-20cm deep into the bottom of the tree pit, the upper part is 30-40cm higher than the high point of the tree pit, the upper parts of two moso bamboos are leveled with the first root, the lower parts reach 1/2 of the upper part of a soil ball carried by transplanted trees, and the moso bamboos are fixed by a degradable rope, so that the tree pit is surrounded circularly;
6) And (3) planting trees: adjusting the sunny or ornamental surface of the transplanted tree to be placed according to the landscape requirement and the site condition, hanging the transplanted tree by adopting a machine, hanging the transplanted tree in the tree pit, wherein the bottom of the tree pit before hanging is filled with prepared core soil, the thickness of the core soil is filled with the thickness of the core soil, the surface of the soil ball is leveled with the lowest point of the tree pit after the soil ball is placed in the tree pit, and 100g of long-acting slow-release fertilizer is uniformly spread in the core soil;
7) "three-layer" filling: after the tree hanging planting is completed, 3-4 ventilation pipes are obliquely inserted around the soil ball of the transplanted tree, and meanwhile, prepared core soil is filled at the bottom and around 1/3 of the lower part of the soil ball of the transplanted tree to perform compaction so as to avoid hollowness; filling prepared subsoil around 1/3 of the middle of the soil ball of the transplanted tree, and compacting again to avoid holes; filling prepared surface soil around 1/3 of the upper part of the soil ball for transplanting trees, and continuously compacting to avoid holes; wherein, 300-500g of long-acting slow release fertilizer is uniformly scattered in the landfill process;
8) Tree support: firstly, winding a straw rope or a moisturizing belt from the trunk base part of a transplanted tree to a branching point, then, erecting a support rod at a position 30-40cm above a balance point of the transplanted tree, and winding a soft material at the joint of the support rod and the transplanted tree for protection;
9) And (3) soil fixing for the second time: after watering root-fixing water, selecting an antioxidant breathable bag, uniformly mixing vermiculite with the diameter of 4-8mm with turf according to the mass ratio of 5:1, filling the mixture into the breathable bag, and filling the breathable bag into the breathable bag with the volume of 60-70%, wherein the breathable bag is 70-80cm long and 35-40cm wide, a bag opening is tied, and the breathable bag is flatly paved in tree holes surrounded by moso bamboos to form a protective layer;
10 Maintenance management after planting): transplanting in normal planting season, and cutting off not more than 1/3 branch and leaf according to the density of crown branches of transplanted trees; transplanting in off-season, and pruning not more than 1/2 branch and leaf; the cut is kept smooth, and the cut is smeared with a protective wound agent; the soil in the root-fixing water tree pit is dry and wet, and water is sprayed to the trunk and the crown for each time in the morning and evening in sunny days at high temperature and drought; diluting 1500 times with rooting agent for 1-2 times in growing season;
11 Root irrigation "hardening off": root irrigation is carried out 10-15 days before the water at the base of the tree pit is flooded in the water-rich period of the second year, the water content of the soil at the root is kept to be 100%, the water in the tree pit is observed through the buried ventilation pipe, and when the water drops to 1/2, the root irrigation is continued; before flooding, a white or green sunshade net is connected with the moso bamboo to fix and spread the air permeable bag in the tree pit;
12 Root water control "hardening" of: after the water level subsides to below the bottom of the tree pit, observing the water in the tree pit through the ventilation pipe, and irrigating the root when the water level is lower than 2/3; when the water level in the tree pit is observed to be lower than 1/2 again, root watering is carried out; when the water level of the tree pit falls to 1/3 of the water level of the tree pit for the third time, root irrigation is carried out; after that, the root soil is dry and wet; the trunk and the crown are moisturized while the root is controlled to be water, the air humidity around the tree is increased, the trunk and the crown are sprayed with water twice in the morning and afternoon each day in sunny days, and the tolerance of the root system of the tree to drought environment is gradually improved while the water transpiration effect of branches and leaves is met;
13 Management after water level subsides to below the bottom of the tree pit): after the water level is observed to be lower than the bottom of the tree pit, the surface fixed sunshade net and the air-permeable bag covered by the surface layer are released to loosen the soil of the tree pit, the soil in the tree pit is diluted 600 times by 70% carbendazim powder to irrigate roots for 1-2 times, and rooting powder is used for diluting 1000 times at intervals to irrigate roots to promote new roots to germinate; covering the surface of the tree pit with a ventilation bag filled with vermiculite and turf, righting the inclined tree in time, checking the winding stem and support of the trunk, loosening and reinforcing in time;
14 Third time ecological soil fixation: removing the air permeable bag and the ventilation pipe for the second soil fixation after the transplanted tree survives for the third year, pouring vermiculite and turf in the air permeable bag for the second soil fixation into tree holes, and shallow turning the tree holes close to the base part of the trunk to a depth of 5-10cm; deep turning near the periphery of the tree pit to a depth of 10-20cm, and planting some amphibious lands in the tree pit.
Preferably, the tree transplanted on the ecological revetment is mulberry, maple, larch, pond fir, chinese tallow tree, tree of manyflower or weeping willow.
Preferably, the selected "amphibious" land is selected as Acorus calamus, polygonum hydropiper, cynodon dactylon or Lepioglita.
Compared with the prior art, the planting method for improving the transplanting survival rate of the ecological revetment trees has one or more of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. by the comprehensive means, the method can effectively prevent soil loss of roots of transplanted amphibious trees, promote root germination and growth of the trees, and improve survival rate of the trees.
2. The invention obviously improves the survival rate of transplanted trees, and the growth and recovery of the transplanted trees are quick, so that the soil-fixing and dike-protecting effects and ecological effects of the trees can be exerted as soon as possible.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a planting method for increasing the transplanting survival rate of ecological revetment trees according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Aiming at the problem of low transplanting survival rate of the ecological revetment trees in the prior art, the invention provides a planting method for improving the transplanting survival rate of the ecological revetment trees, which can effectively prevent soil loss at roots of amphibious trees, promote root germination and growth of the trees, improve the survival rate of the trees and exert soil-fixing, dike-protecting, beautifying and ecological effects of the trees as soon as possible.
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a planting method for improving the transplanting survival rate of ecological revetment trees. As shown in fig. 1, the planting method for improving the transplanting survival rate of the ecological revetment trees comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining the transplanting time of ecological revetment trees
Transplanting as soon as the water level of the ecological revetment drops to the perennial water level. Specifically, the method can be communicated with a meteorological department and a water conservancy department at any time, the perennial water level of the revetment is known, particularly the water rising and water falling time of the recent three years is shortened, the planting preparation of the seedlings is prepared in advance, the growth and recovery time of newly planted seedlings before the second year of flooding of the ecological revetment is prolonged to the greatest extent, the roots and leaves of the newly planted seedlings are promoted, the roots and leaves of the newly planted seedlings are deepened in the environment of the revetment as much as possible before the second year of flooding, and the tolerance of the supplied trees to the flooding environment or other severe climates is improved.
(2) The selection and requirement of the nursery stock, namely, the species of the transplanted tree of the ecological revetment is determined
The ecological revetment is characterized in that the water-rich period and the dead water period are alternated, and particularly the water content of soil in the water-rich period is higher, and even the middle and lower parts of trees are submerged, so that drought trees and middle-grown seedlings cannot be selected when the trees are selected, and water-resistant and drought-resistant amphibious plants such as mulberry, chinese ash, larch, pond fir, chinese tallow tree, heavy sun tree, weeping willow and the like are required for the growth habit of the trees. Selecting branches to be healthy and strong, good in growth vigor and free of plant diseases and insect pests according to local rural trees; transplanting the developed root system nursery seedlings for multiple times, wherein more lateral roots and fibrous root strong seedlings are close to the root stems. And container seedlings are adopted during out-of-season planting or supplementary planting.
(3) The nutrient soil with different textures is selected, namely, three nutrient soil are prepared
The ecological revetment is directly built on the engineering due to the stability and strength required by the engineeringSolid soil layers or rammed by lime soil are used for planning the place where plants are planted to be subjected to soil improvement or soil-alien planting, and good standing conditions and soil foundations are provided for tree growth. The foreign soil is selected from three kinds of nutrient soil: preparing 'Xin Tu' with volume weight of 0.8-1.0g/cm 3 The fertilizer can be prepared by garden soil, turf and decomposed organic fertilizer according to the proportion of 3:1:1, 8-10kg of phosphate fertilizer (calcium superphosphate) is added to each side of soil, 10g of planted EM strain is added to each side of nutrient soil, 10g of planted EM strain and 500g of brown sugar are mixed with 10kg of water, uniformly stirred and scattered into the nutrient soil, and the nutrient soil is covered with a film for standby after being wetted by the water and uniformly stirred again; 2. "bottom soil" with volume weight controlled at 1.0-1.25g/cm 3 The method for adding superphosphate and strain can be referred to as a method for preparing the core soil, wherein the method can be used for preparing loam, turf and decomposed organic fertilizer according to the proportion of 6:1:1; piling up the mixture after uniform turning; 3. preparing surface soil with volume weight of 1.25-1.5g/cm 3 Loam or clay meeting the requirements can be directly adopted. The disinfectant, rooting powder and long-acting slow release fertilizer are used together during planting. The physical and chemical properties of the core soil and the bottom soil are good, so that the growth of new roots of trees is facilitated, the surface soil has large soil capacity, and the water and soil conservation is facilitated; the EM strain can be planted to increase beneficial microorganisms in soil, activate the soil, loosen the soil, increase the air permeability of the soil and prevent hardening of the soil, so that the soil characteristics around root systems of planted trees on revetments can be continuously improved for a long time, and the seedlings are protected.
(4) Digging pit of planted tree
Considering the common requirement of the stabilization of the revetment and the growth of the tree, the tree pit is slightly larger than the common planting tree pit, the stabilization of the revetment is not facilitated, and the root growth of the tree is not facilitated. The width of the tree pit is 1.5-2.0 times of the diameter of the soil ball, the depth of the tree pit is 1.3-1.7 times of the height of the soil ball carried by the transplanted tree, the pit wall is smooth and vertical, and the upper opening and the lower bottom are consistent. The planting trees can be filled with nutrient soil, the thickness of the nutrient soil is filled, the surface of the soil ball is leveled with the lowest point of the tree pit after the soil ball is placed in the tree pit, and good soil quality and nutrition are provided for the germination and growth of root systems of the trees.
(5) Soil fixation for the first time
The revetment generally has a certain gradient, and the water and soil loss of tree holes are easily caused by daily rainwater and water wave flushing in the period of high water. The periphery of the tree pit is covered with a moso bamboo enclosure, the upper part of the moso bamboo enclosure is 10-20cm higher than the high point of the tree pit by 30-40cm, and the bottom of the tree pit is penetrated by one piece; then the two upper parts are leveled with the first root, the lower parts reach 1/2 of the upper part of the soil ball, the moso bamboos are fixed by using a rope which is easy to degrade, and tree holes are surrounded by a circle in a 'deep and shallow' mode. The method has the functions of preventing water and soil loss around soil balls after tree planting, ensuring the surrounding barrier to be stable by 'one depth' and reserving space for root system growth outwards. If all the periphery is penetrated into the bottom by the moso bamboo, the soil fixing effect can be enhanced, but the new root of the tree is germinated to the periphery and is easy to block the growth, the later growth of the tree can be adversely affected, the effect of reinforcing the root system of the tree is weakened, and the tree is easy to lodge.
(6) Tree planting
The tree variety meets the related requirements of (2), the tree is inspected before planting, and if the tree is scattered during the seedling lifting or transportation process, the tree trunk damage area is large or the tree with serious plant diseases and insect pests needs to be replaced, the tree with developed root system and vigorous growth can be planted. The sunny or ornamental surface of the tree is adjusted, and the requirements of the site condition and the landscape are met. The mechanical hanging planting is adopted as much as possible, so that soil ball damage and seedling damage are avoided. Filling 'core soil' into the bottom of the tree pit before hanging, filling the core soil with the thickness that the surface of the soil ball is leveled with the lowest point of the tree pit after the soil ball is put into the tree pit, and uniformly spreading 100g of long-acting slow-release fertilizer.
(7) Three-layer type filling soil
The ecological revetment is hardened due to stability and strength required by engineering and soil viscosity, so that the growth and recovery of the planted trees are guaranteed, and particularly the growth and recovery of the trees on the revetment reach the best condition before flooding in the next year, the tolerance of the trees under the condition of flooding is improved, and the planted trees are planted by adopting the soil as much as possible under the possible condition. After the tree is placed according to the landscape requirement and the condition of the land, 3-4 ventilation pipes are obliquely inserted around the soil ball. Filling 1/3 or less of the bottom of the soil ball into the prepared 'heart soil', and compacting to avoid cavities; filling the middle 1/3 of the soil into the bottom soil, and compacting; filling the surface soil into the upper part 1/3 of the upper part, and compacting; and 300-500g of long-acting slow release fertilizer is uniformly spread in the landfill process, so that sufficient nutrients are provided for tree growth. The characteristics of the core soil, the bottom soil and the surface soil filled in the tree holes are layered and inverted with the normal structure of the soil, and the soil fertility and the texture of the middle and lower part of the soil ball are good, so that the germination and the growth of root systems are facilitated; the volume weight and the density of the upper soil are large, so that the water and soil loss is reduced; the buried ventilation pipe is added for carding, so that ventilation of root soil, water and nutrient supplement are facilitated, and the situation of water in tree pits can be observed in the later period. The application of the long-acting slow-release fertilizer can reduce the frequency of post fertilization while providing nutrition for trees, and simultaneously reduce the influence of conventional fertilizer application on the water quality around revetments.
(8) Tree support
The ecological revetment is peripheral penetrating, and wind power is big, and especially trees are very easy to incline or lodge after the tree pit soil in the period of abundant water is soft by soaking, and newly planted trees are easy to cause soil ball breakage, new root breakage and even tree death after incline or lodging, and firm support is very necessary. Firstly, a straw rope or a moisturizing belt is wound from the trunk base to a branching point, a supporting rod is arranged at a position 30-40cm above a tree balance point, soft materials are wound at the joint for protection, triangular piles can be adopted, and the wood piles are tightly clung to the ground, driven into revetments by the wood piles and are fixed with the supporting rod again. The support must be firm and not loose, so that the phenomenon that new roots are broken due to shaking of the tree caused by wind and rain is avoided, and the root growth and tree vigor recovery of the tree are affected.
(9) Soil fixation for the second time
In order to reduce the water loss and soil erosion of tree holes caused by daily rainwater and water wave scouring in the period of high water, the soil needs to be fixed for the second time. An anti-aging permeable bag is selected, the length of the bag is 70-80cm, the width of the bag is 35-40cm, vermiculite and turf with the specification of 4-8mm are selected, uniformly mixed according to the ratio of 5:1, and the mixture is filled into a bag with the volume of 60-70% generally, and the bag mouth is fastened, so that the bag is convenient to lay flat. If the spreading width of one bag is not enough, the bag or the bag is wider than the radius of the tree pit, the bag can be folded according to the needs to adjust the width for spreading after reducing the volume of vermiculite and turf filled in the bag, and a protective layer is formed in the tree pit surrounded by moso bamboos; the water flooding season can be fixed again by connecting the white or green sunshade net with the moso bamboo in advance, so that the loss of the bag is avoided. The maximum weight of vermiculite after water absorption can reach 7-8 times of the weight of the vermiculite, the maximum weight of turf after water absorption can reach 3-4 times of the weight of the vermiculite, and the moisture retention time of tree pit soil can be prolonged after the protective layer is fully filled with water after raining in dry seasons or tree pit water irrigation, so that necessary moisture is provided for tree growth; and the self weight of the rainwater absorbing protective layer can be increased in rainy season, so that water and soil loss can be prevented, and soil loss caused by water wave scouring can be prevented after water flooding. And can also prevent and treat weed growth. The dried vermiculite and peat are extremely light in weight, are convenient to carry and construct on special topography of the revetment, can be used for improving the surface soil at the upper part of a tree pit in the later period, and reduce the cost of outward transportation of covering materials.
(10) Post-planting maintenance management
Transplanting in normal planting season cuts off not more than 1/3 branches and leaves according to the density of branches of the crown; out-of-season transplanting cuts off about 1/2 of branches and leaves; the container seedlings are cut off some over-dense branches; the cut is kept smooth and smeared with a protective wound agent. After root setting water, soil in tree holes is dry and wet, and water is sprayed to trunks and tree crowns for each time every day in high-temperature drought weather; and (3) root irrigation is carried out 1-2 times by diluting 1500 times with rooting agent in growing season. The disease and pest control is enhanced, the medicament meets the national relevant requirements in special areas of ecological areas such as water source areas, water body periphery and the like, and meanwhile, the medicament is small and multiple times, so that the water body pollution is avoided.
(11) Root irrigation seedling hardening to improve water tolerance of tree
The soil in the period of water-bearing is high in water content, even the whole root system is submerged in water, the growth time of seedlings on revetments is prolonged except early transplanting, and strong seedlings are formed as soon as possible; in addition, seedling hardening is performed in advance, so that the tolerance of the root system of the tree to flooding is improved. The specific method comprises the following steps: and in the second year, root irrigation is carried out 10-15 days before the water flooding of the basal part of the tree pit, the water content of the soil at the root is kept to be 100%, the water in the tree pit is observed through the ventilation pipe, the water drops to about 1/2, and root irrigation is continued, so that the water resistance of the root system of the tree is improved circularly until the lower part of the tree is submerged in the water flooding period. Before flooding, the tree is fixed by connecting a white or green sunshade net with the moso bamboo, so that bags covered on the surface of a tree pit are prevented from being reinforced with a protective layer, and meanwhile, tree supports are reinforced, and the tree is prevented from tilting or lodging. The inspection is enhanced in the flooding period, so that large floaters near the tree are removed, and the damage to the tree is avoided.
(12) Root water control seedling hardening promotes drought resistance of root
After the water level subsides to below the bottom of the tree pit, observing the water in the tree pit through the ventilation pipe, and irrigating the root when the water level is lower than 2/3; when the water level in the tree pit is observed to be lower than 1/2 again, root watering is carried out; when the water level of the tree pit falls to 1/3 of the water level of the tree pit for the third time, root irrigation is carried out; gradually enhancing physiological metabolism of the root system and the capability of the root system to transport nutrient and moisture. And the root soil is dry and wet, so that new roots are stimulated to germinate, and drought resistance of the root system is gradually improved. And when the water is controlled by the root, the trunk and the crown are sprayed with water twice in the morning and afternoon each day in sunny days, so that the trunk and the crown are moisturized, and the air humidity around the tree is increased. The water control capability is provided for gradually improving the drought environment resistance of roots, improving the capability of absorbing nutrients and moisture of the roots and stimulating new roots to germinate, so that the required nutrients and moisture can be provided for the growth of trees. When the drought resistance of the root is improved, observation is paid attention, inspection is enhanced, especially weather conditions are paid attention in advance, and countermeasures are adjusted according to different conditions.
(13) Post-water management after water level subsides below the bottom of the tree pit
After the water level is observed to be lower than the bottom of the tree pit, the sunshade net fixed on the surface of the tree pit and the bag covered by the surface layer are removed to loosen the tree pit, the tree pit is diluted 600 times by 70% carbendazim powder to irrigate roots for 1-2 times, and rooting powder is used for diluting 1000 times at intervals to irrigate roots to promote new roots to germinate. And continuously covering the bag filled with vermiculite and turf on the surface of the tree pit, righting the inclined tree in time, checking the winding stems and the support of the trunk, and reinforcing in time after loosening. According to the growth condition and weather condition of the tree, a part of branches and leaves can be properly thinned and cut to reduce the transpiration. The dead tree is replaced in time, and if necessary, the container seedlings are used for supplementary planting.
(14) Ecological soil fixation for the third time
In the third year after the tree survives, if the tree grows well and the root leaves are deep, the bag for fixing soil for the second time and the ventilation pipe can be removed. And pouring vermiculite and turf in the bag for secondary soil fixation into tree holes, and improving the surface soil on the upper part by using the vermiculite and turf in the bag, wherein the surface soil is shallow turned close to the base part of the trunk, the depth is 5-10cm, and the surface soil is deep turned close to the periphery of the tree holes, and the surface soil is 10-20cm. Some amphibious lands are selected to be planted in tree holes, and grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, polygonum hydropiper, bermuda grass or flower leaf windstone and the like can be selected, so that soil can be fixed again, and ecological landscapes can be formed.
The above examples of the present invention are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. All obvious changes or modifications which come within the spirit of the invention are desired to be protected.
Claims (3)
1. The planting method for improving the transplanting survival rate of the ecological revetment trees is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Determining the transplanting time of the ecological revetment trees: transplanting when the water level of the ecological revetment drops to the annual water level;
2) Determining the types of the ecological revetment transplanted trees: selecting amphibious plants which are resistant to water and drought as trees transplanted on ecological revetments;
3) Three kinds of nutrient soil are selected: the first is core soil, the volume weight of the core soil is controlled to be 0.8-1.0g/cm < 3 >, the core soil is prepared from garden soil, turf and decomposed organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 3:1:1, 8-10kg of calcium superphosphate is added to each cubic meter of the core soil, 10g of planting EM strain and 500g of brown sugar are mixed with 10kg of water, uniformly stirred and scattered into the core soil, and the core soil is covered with a film for standby after being wetted by the water and uniformly turned again; the second is the subsoil, the volume weight of which is controlled to be 1.0-1.25g/cm < 3 >, and the subsoil, turf and decomposed organic fertilizer are prepared according to the mass ratio of 6:1:1, and the adding method of superphosphate and EM strain is the same as the preparation process of the subsoil; thirdly, surface soil, wherein the volume weight is controlled to be 1.25-1.5g/cm < 3 >, and loam or clay is directly adopted;
4) Digging tree pits: the diameter of the digging tree pit is 1.5-2.0 times of the diameter of the soil ball carried by the transplanted tree, the depth of the tree pit is 1.3-1.7 times of the height of the soil ball carried by the transplanted tree, the pit wall is smooth and vertical, and the upper opening and the lower bottom are consistent;
5) Soil fixing for the first time: surrounding the tree pit with a moso bamboo enclosure by adopting a mode of 'one deep and two shallow', namely, the lower part of one moso bamboo is 10-20cm deep into the bottom of the tree pit, the upper part is 30-40cm higher than the high point of the tree pit, then the upper parts of two moso bamboos are leveled with the first root, the lower parts reach 1/2 of the upper part of a soil ball carried by transplanted trees, and the moso bamboos are fixed by a degradable rope, so that the tree pit is surrounded circularly;
6) And (3) planting trees: adjusting the sunny or ornamental surface of the transplanted tree, hanging the transplanted tree in the tree pit by adopting a machine, wherein the bottom of the tree pit is filled with prepared core soil before hanging, the thickness of the core soil is filled, the surface of the soil ball is leveled with the lowest point of the tree pit after the soil ball is placed in the tree pit, and 100g of long-acting slow-release fertilizer is uniformly spread in the core soil;
7) "three-layer" filling: after the tree hanging planting is completed, 3-4 ventilation pipes are obliquely inserted around the soil ball of the transplanted tree, and meanwhile, prepared core soil is filled at the bottom of the soil ball of the transplanted tree and around 1/3 of the lower part of the soil ball for trampling to avoid cavities; filling prepared subsoil around 1/3 of the middle part of the soil ball of the transplanted tree, and compacting again to avoid holes; filling prepared surface soil around 1/3 of the upper part of the soil ball for transplanting trees, and continuously compacting to avoid holes; wherein, 300-500g of long-acting slow release fertilizer is uniformly scattered in the landfill process;
8) Tree support: firstly, winding a straw rope or a moisturizing belt from the trunk base part of a transplanted tree to a branching point, then, erecting a support rod at a position 30-40cm above a balance point of the transplanted tree, and winding a soft material at the joint of the support rod and the transplanted tree for protection;
9) And (3) soil fixing for the second time: an antioxidant ventilation bag is selected, vermiculite with the diameter of 4-8mm and turf are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 5:1, then the mixture is put into the ventilation bag, 60-70% of the volume of the ventilation bag is filled into the ventilation bag, the ventilation bag is 70-80cm long and 35-40cm wide, the opening of the ventilation bag is fastened, and the ventilation bag is spread in tree holes surrounded by moso bamboos to form a protection layer;
10 Maintenance management after planting): transplanting in normal planting season, and cutting off not more than 1/3 branch and leaf according to the density of crown branches of transplanted trees; transplanting in off-season, and pruning not more than 1/2 branch and leaf; the cut is kept smooth, and the cut is smeared with a protective wound agent; watering fully root-fixing water, and then, moisturizing the soil in tree holes by spraying water on the tree trunks and tree crowns every morning and evening at high temperature and drought; diluting 1500 times with rooting agent for 1-2 times in growing season;
11 Root irrigation "hardening off": root irrigation is carried out 10-15 days before the water at the base of the tree pit is flooded in the water-rich period of the second year, the water content of the soil at the root is kept to be 100%, and when the moisture in the tree pit is observed through the ventilation pipe and falls to 1/2, the root irrigation is continued; before flooding, a white or green sunshade net is connected with the moso bamboo to fix and spread the air permeable bag in the tree pit;
12 Root water control "hardening" of: after the water level is eliminated, observing the moisture in the tree pit through the ventilation pipe, and irrigating the root when the moisture is lower than 2/3; when the water level in the tree pit is observed to be lower than 1/2 again, root watering is carried out; when the water level of the tree pit falls to 1/3 of the water level of the tree pit for the third time, root irrigation is carried out; after that, the root soil is dry and wet; the trunk and the crown are moisturized while the root is controlled to be water, the air humidity around the tree is increased, water is sprayed twice on each trunk and crown in the morning and afternoon on sunny days, and the tolerance of the root system of the tree to drought environment is gradually improved;
13 Management after water level subsides to below the bottom of the tree pit): after the water level is observed to be lower than the bottom of the tree pit, the surface fixed sunshade net and the air-permeable bag covered by the surface layer are released to loosen the soil of the tree pit, the soil in the tree pit is diluted 600 times by 70% carbendazim powder to irrigate roots for 1-2 times, and a rooting agent is used for diluting 1000 times at intervals to irrigate roots to promote new roots to germinate; covering the surface of the tree pit with a ventilation bag filled with vermiculite and turf, righting the inclined tree in time, checking the winding stem and support of the trunk, loosening and reinforcing in time;
14 Third time ecological soil fixation: removing the air permeable bag and the ventilation pipe for the second soil fixation after the transplanted tree survives for the third year, pouring vermiculite and turf in the air permeable bag for the second soil fixation into tree holes, and shallow turning the tree holes close to the base part of the trunk to a depth of 5-10cm; deep turning near the periphery of the tree pit to a depth of 10-20cm, and planting some amphibious lands in the tree pit.
2. The planting method for improving the transplanting survival rate of the ecological revetment trees according to claim 1,
the ecological revetment transplanting method is characterized in that the ecological revetment transplanting trees are mulberry, maple, larch, pond fir, chinese tallow tree, and sapium barks or weeping willows.
3. The planting method for improving the transplanting survival rate of the ecological revetment trees according to claim 2,
the method is characterized in that the selected amphibious ground is selected from rhizoma acori graminei, polygonum hydropiper, bermuda grass or flower leaf winder.
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