CN116887840A - 甾体季铵化合物及其制备方法、制剂和用途 - Google Patents
甾体季铵化合物及其制备方法、制剂和用途 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116887840A CN116887840A CN202180069968.8A CN202180069968A CN116887840A CN 116887840 A CN116887840 A CN 116887840A CN 202180069968 A CN202180069968 A CN 202180069968A CN 116887840 A CN116887840 A CN 116887840A
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- Prior art keywords
- ammonium
- sodium
- kulv
- luo
- acetate
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- -1 Steroid quaternary ammonium compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 120
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 114
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 108
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 105
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 96
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 68
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 52
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- OYTJKRAYGYRUJK-FMCCZJBLSA-M rocuronium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].N1([C@@H]2[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]3CC[C@H]4[C@@H]5C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@]5(CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(C)C2)C)OC(=O)C)[N+]2(CC=C)CCCC2)CCOCC1 OYTJKRAYGYRUJK-FMCCZJBLSA-M 0.000 claims description 47
- 229960003682 rocuronium bromide Drugs 0.000 claims description 47
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCC1 BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 30
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000012931 lyophilized formulation Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 22
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 22
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 22
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropanol acetate Natural products CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229940011051 isopropyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 21
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleric acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(O)=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- VEPSYABRBFXYIB-PWXDFCLTSA-M vecuronium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].N1([C@@H]2[C@@H](OC(C)=O)C[C@@H]3CC[C@H]4[C@@H]5C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@]5(CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(C)C2)C)OC(=O)C)[N+]2(C)CCCCC2)CCCCC1 VEPSYABRBFXYIB-PWXDFCLTSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 229960004298 vecuronium bromide Drugs 0.000 claims description 18
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical group C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydropyran Chemical group C1CCOCC1 DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940043232 butyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004042 decolorization Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC=C OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- BGSZAXLLHYERSY-XQIGCQGXSA-N vecuronium Chemical compound N1([C@@H]2[C@@H](OC(C)=O)C[C@@H]3CC[C@H]4[C@@H]5C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@]5(CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(C)C2)C)OC(=O)C)[N+]2(C)CCCCC2)CCCCC1 BGSZAXLLHYERSY-XQIGCQGXSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960003819 vecuronium Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 206010021118 Hypotonia Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000036640 muscle relaxation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940102223 injectable solution Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- FZWBNHMXJMCXLU-BLAUPYHCSA-N isomaltotriose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O)O1 FZWBNHMXJMCXLU-BLAUPYHCSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004366 reverse phase liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000002027 skeletal muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003637 steroidlike Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000202 analgesic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BLFLLBZGZJTVJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzocaine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 BLFLLBZGZJTVJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000020 calcium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004926 chlorobutanol Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N cocaine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H](N2C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- HQRPHMAXFVUBJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].OC([O-])=O HQRPHMAXFVUBJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001508 potassium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960002635 potassium citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011082 potassium citrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001415 potassium malate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011033 potassium malate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004919 procaine Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N procaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011083 sodium citrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001394 sodium malate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- RQALKBLYTUKBFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxa-7-thiaspiro[4.4]nonane Chemical compound O1CCOC11CSCC1 RQALKBLYTUKBFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
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Abstract
一种式I所示的甾体季铵化合物或其加成盐或其溶剂合物式I。其中A为CH2或O;B为N或II;R1为H或CH3CO;R2为CH3或‑CH2CH=CH2;t=2或3;X为Cl、Br或CH3COO;Y为Cl、Br或CH3COO;m和n取值均≥0,且m+n=1或2;其条件是:当X和Y中任意一项为Br时,m+n=2。还涉及该化合物的制备方法及制剂和用途。
Description
本发明涉及甾体季铵化合物及其制备方法、制剂以及其在相关医药治疗领域中的用途。
在医药领域,有些药物具有季铵盐结构,该类可用下式表示:
其中R
1、R
2、R
3、R
4为任选非氢的烃基或取代烃基,其中任意两个或三个基团之间可以化学键相连,X
-为负离子。
现有具有季铵盐结构的药物如罗库溴铵(Ⅰ)、维库溴铵(Ⅱ)、哌库溴铵(Ⅲ)、泮库溴铵(Ⅳ)、己芴溴铵(Ⅴ)、瑞库溴铵(Ⅵ)、匹维溴铵(Ⅶ)、地泊溴铵(Ⅷ)、噻托溴铵(Ⅸ)、西托溴铵(Ⅹ)、芜地溴铵(ⅩⅠ)、奥替溴铵(Ⅻ)、格隆溴铵(ⅩⅢ)、乌美溴铵(ⅩⅨ)、奥芬溴铵(ⅩⅤ)、六甲溴铵(ⅩⅥ)、异丙托溴铵(ⅩⅦ)、布托溴铵(ⅩⅨ)等,其中的X
-分别为除氯负离子以外的其他负离子,如溴负离子。
已知溴离子排除缓慢,在体内容易蓄积中毒,高血压浮肿患者不应服用溴化物,癫痫患者不宜应用溴化铵,严重肺功能不全、支气管哮喘及颅脑损伤所致的呼吸中枢抑制的患者应避免使用,肝、肾功能不全者慎用。
化学上明确溴负离子稳定性弱于氯负离子,容易被氧化为溴单质或次溴酸,次溴酸进一步分解为溴酸和单质溴或者分解为亚溴酸和氢溴酸。单质溴有毒且有刺激性,吸入低浓度溴即可引起咳嗽、胸闷、粘膜分泌物增加,并有头痛、头晕、全身不适等,部分人可引起胃肠道症状甚至部分人群可发生过敏性皮炎(Cutaneous drug reactions:Pathogenesis and clinical classification.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.Bruce U.Wintroub,M.D.,and Robert Stem,M.D.San Francisco and Boston.1985.13(2):167-179)。溴化氢刺激性强,有毒,易溶于水,其水溶液称氢溴酸,为一种强酸。
溴化钠和氯化钠动物急性毒性文献数据比较:
[1]Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi.Japanese Journal of Pharmacology.Vol.56,Pg.377,1960.
[2]Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.Vol.55,Pg.200,1935.
[3]Endocrinology Vol.24,Pg.523,1939.
[4]Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.Vol.20,Pg.57,1971.
[5]"Drug Dosages in Laboratory Animals-A Handbook,"Rev.ed.,Barnes,C.D.,and L.G.Eltherington,Berkeley,Univ.of California Press,1973,Pg.243,1973.
[6]"Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden."Vol.4,Pg.1289,1935.
研究表明溴会影响体内碘的代谢,并影响甲状腺功能(Metabolism of Bromide and Its Interference with the Metabolism of Iodine,S.Pavelka,Physiol.Res.2004,53(Suppl.1):S81-S90)。过量的溴化物摄入会影响人体健康,从毒性研究结果得到溴日允许摄入量(ADI)为0.12mg/kg体重(Toxicity of sodium bromide in rats:effects on endocrine system and reproduction,Van Leeuwen FX,Den Tonkelaar EM,Van Logten MJ,Food Chem Toxicol.1983,21(4):383-9)
从上述数据可见与氯化物相比,溴化物生物兼容性较差、毒副作用较高、安全性较低。
罗库溴铵是目前在临床上使用的一种中等时间作用的非去极化肌松药,具有起效较为迅速、无组胺释放作用而且对自主神经和心血管无明显影响的优点,可用于常规诱导麻醉期间气管插管及维持术中肌松。
罗库溴铵17位为乙酰氧基取代,其酯键化学性质不稳定,容易发生水解。目前临床使用的罗库溴铵和泮库溴铵均为注射液,为保持其稳定性,减少水解副反应而产生杂质降低效价,须保持注射液pH值约为4或者更低。即使如此,现有临床药物仍然具有不稳定性,要求在2-8摄氏度下冷藏保存。其它如维库溴铵、哌库溴铵和瑞库溴铵,其临床使用溶液也均要求其pH约为4或者更低。由于现有临床使用的上述甾体肌松剂制剂中较低的pH且游离酸和酸根总浓度高,进而导致该品静脉注射时有明显的刺激性,使得患者感到注射部位疼痛,即使在患者失去意识的情况下仍有因疼痛而引发的缩肢等反应,限制了该类药物在临床上的使用(Pharmacological prevention of rocuronium-induced injection pain or withdrawal movements:a meta-analysis.Kwak HJ,Kim JY,Kim YB,Min SK,Moon BK,Kim JY.,J Anesth.2013Oct;27(5):742-9)。此外,罗库溴铵在持续给药情况下,溴离子摄入量容易超出安全限量,对患者具有安全风险。按照前述溴摄入ADI限量计算,罗库溴铵安全给药剂量限度为0.92mg/kg体重/日,超出此剂量则溴离子摄入超出ADI限量,产生安全风险。根据现行FDA罗库溴铵Label:1)推荐的气管插管诱导剂量为0.6mg/kg体重,其肌松作用时间在30分钟左右,随后2)以推荐剂量静脉输注10~12μg/kg体重/min维持肌松作用,则维持静脉输注27-32分钟时即已达溴摄入安全剂量限度;在采用快速顺序插管(Rapid sequence intubation)情况下,其推荐的诱导剂量为0.6-1.2mg/kg体重,其上限剂量引入的溴离子即已经超出ADI值,因此在临床肌松剂治疗实践中患者面临非常高的溴摄入超量风险。
上述甾体肌松剂均为溴化物。研究表明溴会影响体内碘的代谢,并影响甲状腺功能(Metabolism of Bromide and Its Interference with the Metabolism of Iodine.,S.Pavelka,Physiol.Res.2004,53(Suppl.1):S81-S90)。过量的溴化物摄入会影响人体健康,从毒性研究结果得到溴日允许摄入量(ADI)为0.12mg/kg体重(Toxicity of sodium bromide in rats:effects on endocrine system and reproduction.,Van Leeuwen FX,Den Tonkelaar EM,Van Logten MJ,Food Chem Toxicol.1983,21(4):383-9)。以罗库溴铵为例,在持续给药情况下, 溴离子摄入量容易超出安全限量,对患者具有安全风险。按现行罗库溴铵常规给药方案:1)静脉注射0.15mg/kg体重,然后2)连续静脉滴注5~10μg/kg体重/min,当以10μg/kg体重/min剂量情况下,在静脉滴注77分钟时即已超出溴摄入安全剂量上限,其不能满足很多临床给药需求。
由此可见,开发更安全、副作用更小和质量更可控的甾体季铵化合物药物具有重要的临床意义。
发明内容
本发明的第一方面,提供式I的甾体季铵化合物或其加成盐或其溶剂合物:
其中,
A为CH
2或O;
B为N或
R
1为H或CH
3CO;
R
2为CH
3或-CH
2CH=CH
2;
t=2或3;
X为Cl、Br或CH
3COO;
Y为Cl、Br或CH
3COO;
m和n取值均≥0,且m+n=1或2;
其条件是:当X和Y中任意一项为Br时,m+n=2。
所述甾体季铵化合物或其加成盐优选选自以下组中:
所述溶剂合物中的溶剂为水、醇、酸、酯、醚、酮或卤代烃,溶剂的量可以化学计量比或非化学计量比存在。所述溶剂为水、C
1-6醇、C
1-6酸、C
3-C
6酯、C
4-6醚、C
3-6酮或C
1-6卤代烃;优选为以下组中的一种或多种:水、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、叔丁醇、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸异丙酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、乙醚、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、丙酮、丁酮、二氯甲烷、氯仿。
根据本发明的第二方面,其提供包含式I结构的化合物或其加成盐或其溶剂合物的制备方法。
游离碱的制备方法
根据本发明的一个方面,其提供制备所述式Ⅰ-1结构的罗库氯铵的方法A1,其是如下进行制备的:将罗库溴铵用水溶解配制成溶液,进入反相液相色谱,用含盐酸的溶液进行梯度洗脱,收集馏分,所得馏分经减压浓缩,干燥,得到式Ⅰ-2结构的罗库氯铵盐酸盐;所得式Ⅰ-2结构的罗库氯铵盐酸盐加入有机溶剂A、无机碱,室温下搅拌,过滤,滤液浓缩,得到式Ⅰ-1结构的罗库氯铵化合物,其中所述有机溶剂A包括乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸异丙酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、乙醚、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、丙酮、丁酮、二氯甲烷、氯仿和乙腈中的至少一种或其组合,优选为四氢呋喃、丙酮、二氯甲烷、氯仿、乙腈和甲基叔丁基醚中的至少一种或其组合,所述无机碱包括氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钙、碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸锂、碳酸铯、碳酸钙、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢锂、碳酸氢钙中的至少一种或其组合,优选为碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸锂和碳酸钙中的至少一种或其组合。
根据本发明的一个方面,其提供制备所述式Ⅰ-1结构的罗库氯铵的方法A2,其中所述罗库氯铵还可以经过如下反应路线1进行制备:
(路线1)
其中使化合物M8与烯丙基氯在0~80℃、优选20~60℃、更优选30~50℃的温度下反应12~168小时,反应液经后处理程序得到罗库氯铵。
作为本发明方法A2的一个实施方案,所述后处理程序包括以下步骤:将反应液浓缩得到罗库氯铵粗品,以反相液相色谱进行制备,以乙酸铵水溶液和甲醇为流动相,经第一次洗脱纯化得到乙酸盐馏分,再进入反相液相色谱进行制备,以盐酸溶液和甲醇为流动相,经第二次洗脱纯化得到罗库氯铵盐酸盐馏分,所得馏分经减压浓缩,残余物加入有机溶剂A、无机碱,室温下搅拌,过滤,滤液浓缩,得到式Ⅰ-1结构的罗库氯铵化合物,其中所述有机溶剂A选自以下组中:乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸异丙酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、乙醚、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、丙酮、丁酮、二氯甲烷、氯仿和乙腈或其组合,优选选自以下组中:四氢呋喃、丙酮、二氯甲烷、氯仿、乙腈和甲基叔丁基醚或其组合,所述无机碱选自以下组中:氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钙、碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸锂、碳酸铯、碳酸钙、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢锂、碳酸氢钙或其组合,优选选自以下组中:碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸锂和碳酸钙或其组合。
作为本发明方法A2的另一个实施方案,所述后处理程序包括以下步骤:将反应液浓缩、加水溶解,加入二氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯萃取,水相调节pH至1~6,加入活性炭脱色,过滤,中和滤液pH至7~9,中和过程中滤液温度≤10℃,过滤,滤液加入氯化钠,可直至形成氯化钠的饱和溶液,加入二氯甲烷萃取,有机相经干燥剂干燥、过滤、滤液浓缩,浓缩物加入无水溶剂,所述无水溶剂包括乙腈、丙腈、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丙醇、丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇、二氯甲烷、氯仿、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜的至少一种或其组合,溶解,过滤,将滤液滴入有机溶剂B中,所述有机溶剂B包括醚类如乙醚、异丙醚、甲叔醚、四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、二氧六环,或酮类如丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、环戊酮,或酯类如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丙酯中的至少一种或其组合,结晶,过滤,滤饼减压干燥,得到式Ⅰ-1结构的罗库氯铵。
盐酸盐的制备方法
本发明提供一种罗库氯铵或维库氯铵的盐酸盐的制备方法B1:用氯化氢有机溶液溶解罗库氯铵或维库氯铵化合物,所述氯化氢有机溶液包括甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、乙腈、丙腈的至少一种或其组合的氯化氢溶液,向溶液中滴入有机溶剂B,所述有机溶剂B包括醚类如乙醚、异丙醚、甲叔醚、四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、二氧六环,或酮类如丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、环戊酮或酯类如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丙酯中的至少一种或其组合,搅拌结晶,过滤,滤饼减压干燥,得到本发明所述的罗库氯铵或维库氯铵盐酸盐。
本发明还提供另外一种制备式Ⅰ-2结构的罗库氯铵盐酸盐的方法B2,其包括根据本发明的路线1方法制备罗库氯铵,然后对其进行包括以下步骤的后处理程序:将反应液浓缩,加入所述有机溶剂B包括醚类如乙醚、异丙醚、甲叔醚、四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、二氧六环,或酮类如丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、环戊酮,或酯类如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丙酯中的至少一种或其组合,析出粗品,过滤,固体加水溶解, 水层用二氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯提取,水相调节pH至1-6,加入活性炭脱色,过滤,滤液≤60℃减压浓缩,优选30-50℃减压浓缩,加入有机溶剂B,所述有机溶剂B包括醚类如乙醚、异丙醚、甲叔醚、四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、二氧六环,或酮类如丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、环戊酮,或酯类如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丙酯中的至少一种或其组合,分散并打浆,过滤,滤饼≤40℃减压干燥,得到式Ⅰ-2结构的罗库氯铵盐酸盐。
本发明制备方法B2的另一个实施方案包括,在根据本发明的路线1方法制备罗库氯铵后,在其中加入有机溶剂B,所述有机溶剂B包括醚类如乙醚、异丙醚、甲叔醚、四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、二氧六环,或酮类如丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、环戊酮,或酯类如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丙酯中的至少一种或其组合,分散并打浆、过滤步骤之后,还包括如下步骤:滤饼再加入有机溶剂C,所述有机溶剂C包括戊烷、己烷、庚烷、石油醚、丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、环戊酮中的至少一种或其组合,打浆,过滤,滤饼≤40℃减压干燥,得到式Ⅰ-2结构的罗库氯铵盐酸盐。
本发明制备方法B2的再一个实施方案包括,在根据本发明的路线1方法制备罗库氯铵后,对其进行包括以下步骤的后处理程序:将反应液浓缩,加入所述有机溶剂B包括醚类如乙醚、异丙醚、甲叔醚、四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、二氧六环,或酮类如丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、环戊酮,或酯类如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丙酯中的至少一种或其组合,析出粗品,过滤,固体加水溶解,水层用二氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯提取,水相调节pH至1-6,加入活性炭脱色,过滤,滤液≤60℃减压浓缩,优选30-50℃减压浓缩,加入醇类溶剂溶解,所述醇类溶剂包括甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丙醇、丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇中的至少一种或其组合,将所得醇溶液加入有机溶剂B中,所述有机溶剂B包括醚类如乙醚、异丙醚、甲叔醚、四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、二氧六环,或酮类如丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、环戊酮,或酯类如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丙酯中的至少一种或其组合,结晶,过滤,滤饼≤40℃减压干燥,得到式Ⅰ-2结构的罗库氯铵盐酸盐。
本发明制备方法B2的又一个实施方案包括,在根据本发明的路线1方法制备罗库氯铵后,对其进行包括以下步骤的后处理程序:将反应液浓缩,加入有机溶剂B,所述有机溶剂B包括醚类如乙醚、异丙醚、甲叔醚、四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、二氧六环,或酮类如丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、环戊酮,或酯类如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丙酯中的至少一种或其组合,析出粗品,过滤,固体加水溶解,水层用二氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯提取,水相调节pH至1-6,加入活性炭脱色,过滤,滤液≤60℃减压浓缩,优选30-50℃减压浓缩,浓缩液过滤,滤液浓度0.1-1500mg/ml,优选10-1200mg/ml,冷冻干燥,得到式Ⅰ-2结构的罗库氯铵盐酸盐。
盐酸盐水合物的制备方法
本发明提供一种制备式Ⅰ-2结构的罗库氯铵盐酸盐的水合物的方法,其包括在根据本发明的路线1方法制备罗库氯铵后,对其进行包括以下步骤的后处理程序:将反应液浓缩,加入有机溶剂B,所述有机溶剂B包括醚类如乙醚、异丙醚、甲叔醚、四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、二氧六环,或酮类如丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、环戊酮或酯类如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丙酯中的至少一种或其组合,析出粗品,过滤,固体加水溶解,水层用二氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯提取,水相调节pH至1-6,加入活性炭脱色,过滤,滤液≤60℃减压浓缩,优选30-50℃减压浓缩,得到式Ⅰ-2结构的罗库氯铵盐酸盐的水合物。
本发明的第三方面,提供一种冻干制剂,其包含根据本发明的甾体季铵化合物或其加成盐或其溶剂合物或罗库溴铵或维库溴铵,及一种或多种药学上可接受的辅料。
本发明的一个实施方案,所述冻干制剂含有任意一种或多种可药用辅料,该辅料包括冻干支持剂和/或保护剂,或粉雾吸入附加剂,例如为甘露醇、山梨醇、木糖醇、蔗糖、 乳糖、葡萄糖、葡聚糖、糊精、麦芽糖、麦芽糖醇、麦芽糖糊精、赤藓糖醇、海藻糖、葡萄糖酸钙、硫酸钙、氯化钠、甘氨酸、水解明胶、人血白蛋白中的至少一种或其组合。
本发明的一个实施方案,所述冻干制剂含有一种或多种可药用辅料,该辅料包括pH调节剂,例如为盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、柠檬酸、乙酸、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸钠、磷酸钾、磷酸铵、硫酸氢钠、硫酸氢钾、硫酸氢铵、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氨水、枸橼酸、枸橼酸二氢钠、枸橼酸二氢钾、枸橼酸二氢铵、枸橼酸氢二钠、枸橼酸氢二钾、枸橼酸氢二铵、枸橼酸氢钾钠、枸橼酸钠、枸橼酸钾、枸橼酸铵、乳酸、乳酸钠、乳酸钾、乳酸铵、苹果酸、苹果酸钠、苹果酸钾、苹果酸、苹果酸氢钠、苹果酸氢钾、苹果酸氢铵、苹果酸钾钠、酒石酸、酒石酸氢钠、酒石酸氢钾、酒石酸氢铵、酒石酸钾钠、维生素C、维生素C钠、海藻酸、海藻酸钠、琥珀酸、琥珀钠、琥珀钾、琥珀酸铵、琥珀氢钠、琥珀氢钾、琥珀酸氢铵、琥珀酸钾钠、醋酸、醋酸钠、醋酸钾、醋酸铵、氨基酸及其盐类中的至少一种或其组合。
本发明的一个实施方案,所述冻干制剂含有一种或多种可药用辅料,该辅料包括稳定剂,所述稳定剂包括抗氧剂或金属离子络合剂的至少一种或其组合,所述抗氧剂包括亚硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸钠、硫代硫酸钠、维生素C、巯基乙酸钠、甘氨酸、半胱氨酸的至少一种或其组合,所述金属离子络合剂包括乙二胺四乙酸二钠、乙二胺四乙酸钙钠的至少一种或其组合。
本发明的一个实施方案,所述冻干制剂含有一种或多种可药用辅料,该辅料包括止痛剂和局部麻醉剂,所述止痛剂和局部麻醉剂例如为苯甲醇、三氯叔丁醇、普鲁卡因、可卡因、丁卡因、丙美卡因、奥布卡因、苯佐卡因、利多卡因、辛可卡因、丙胺卡因、三甲卡因、布比卡因、左布比卡因、甲哌卡因、罗哌卡因、达克罗宁、氯普鲁卡因、阿替卡因、依替卡因中的至少一种或其组合。
本发明的一个实施方案,所述冻干制剂含有一种或多种可药用辅料,该辅料包括抑菌剂,所述抑菌剂例如为苯甲醇、三氯叔丁醇、苯甲酸及其盐类、山梨酸及其盐类、尼泊金酯类的至少一种或其组合。
根据本发明的第四方面,其提供药盒,该药盒包含所述甾体季铵化合物或其加成盐或其溶剂合物,或者其冻干制剂或者包含罗库溴铵或维库溴铵的冻干制剂。
根据本发明的第五方面,所述甾体季铵化合物或其加成盐或其溶剂合物或其冻干制剂或者包含罗库溴铵或维库溴铵的冻干制剂,用于制备骨骼肌松弛药物。其中所述药物通过胃肠及肠胃外途径给药。例如,胃肠途径为口服途径;所述肠胃外途径为吸入、静脉内、动脉内、腹膜内、肌内、皮下、黏膜及深部组织或经眼、经皮、表面等外用途径。
根据本发明的第六方面,其提供治疗受试者疾病或病症的方法,尤其是用于常规诱导麻醉期间气管插管及维持术中肌肉松弛,所述方法包括向受试者给药治疗有效量的根据本发明的化合物或其加成盐或其溶剂合物或其冻干制剂。
根据本发明的第七方面,其提供冻干制剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:其中将药物、辅料与相应溶剂混合,配成溶液,调节溶液pH至1~7,优选pH 2~6,更优选pH 3.5~5.5,过滤,滤液进行冷冻干燥,得到冻干制剂。进一步的,所述的甾体季铵化合物冻干制剂制备方法,其中所述溶剂为水。进一步的,所述的甾体季铵化合物冻干制剂制备方法,其中配制形成的溶液,其中所述甾体季铵化合物或罗库溴铵或维库溴铵浓度为100μg/ml-300mg/ml,药用辅料(冻干支持剂和/或保护剂、pH调节剂、抗氧剂和金属离子络合剂等稳定剂、止痛剂、抑菌剂)的浓度为0mg/ml-500mg/ml。进一步的,所述的甾体季铵化合物冻干制剂的制备方法,采用冷冻干燥,过程包括:
(1)预冻阶段,将上述溶液降温至-30℃~-196℃范围,直至溶液体系凝结、冻实;
(2)可选地,将所述冷冻溶液体系温度升高至-30℃~-5℃范围内的温度,其中所述约-30℃~-5℃范围内的温度使所述冷冻溶液体系保持冻结状态;将所述冷冻溶液体系再次降温至-30℃以下,此过程可重复进行;
(3)初级干燥阶段,包括升华步骤,通过减压除去步骤(1)或步骤(2)所述处于冻结状态的冷冻溶液体系中的溶剂,得到部分干燥的产物;
(4)次级干燥阶段,通过减压除去非冷冻状态的所述部分干燥产物中的残余溶剂,得到冻干产物,此阶段通常伴随有进一步的升温。
上述冻干制剂,用于制备肌松药物。
根据本发明的第八方面,其提供一种含有第一容器和第二容器的多部份组合试剂盒,所述第一容器含有所述的甾体季铵化合物冻干制剂,所述第二容器含有生理上可接受的用于配制所述冻干制剂的溶液。所述可接受的溶液包括但不限于5%葡萄糖溶液、0.9%氯化钠溶液、乳酸钠林格液、5%葡萄糖生理盐水溶液。
根据本发明的第九方面,所述多部份组合试剂盒,用于制备肌松的临床药物。
一种骨骼肌松驰的临床方法,其包括对有此需要的对象施用有效剂量的根据本发明的冻干制剂。
本发明还提供由甾体季铵化合物冻干制剂配制而成的注射用溶液,所述注射用溶液pH不低于4,pH优选为4-8,更优选为5-7,其中含酸的浓度为0~0.15M,优选为0~0.1M,更优选为0~0.03M。
本发明所涉及的冻干制剂具有突出的优点,将其配成注射用溶液,所述注射用溶液pH不低于4,pH优选为4-8,更优选为5-7,其中含酸的浓度为0~0.15M,优选为0~0.1M,更优选为0~0.03M。
本发明的一个实施方案,所述冻干制剂配成的注射用溶液pH为4.5-6。
本发明的一个实施方案,罗库溴铵冻干制剂配制而成的注射用溶液,所述注射用溶液pH为4.5-6。
本发明的一个实施方案,维库溴铵冻干制剂配制而成的注射用溶液,所述注射用溶液pH为4.5-6。
与溴化物相比,本发明提供的氯化季铵类化合物,成本更低。
与溴化物相比,本发明提供的氯化季铵类化合物不会形成基因毒性杂质,且在体内氯离子比溴离子生物相容性更好、更安全,因此其药物产品的安全性和质量可控性更高。
现有临床使用的罗库溴铵均为溶液制剂,稳定性较低,需要在2~8℃低温运输和贮存。本发明所提供罗库氯铵的冻干制剂为固态,与上述罗库溴铵溶液制剂产品相比稳定性高,无需低温,更加方便产品的生产、运输、保存和使用,大大提高药物在各环节质量保证,从而提高用药的安全性。
此外,与现在临床使用的罗库溴铵药物相比,本发明所提供的罗库溴铵冻干制剂、维库溴铵冻干制剂、罗库氯铵或其盐酸盐及其溶剂的冻干产品完全革除了乙酸等维持溶液pH 4或更低条件所需的过量酸,完全消除了现有临床使用的罗库溴铵制剂和维库溴铵制剂中较低的pH且游离酸和酸根总浓度高的缺点,该缺点导致静脉注射时有明显的刺激性,使得患者感到注射部位疼痛,即使在患者失去意识的情况下仍有因疼痛而引发的缩肢等严重不良反应,具有突出的注射不痛优点和临床实用价值。
本发明提供的维库溴铵氢溴酸盐、维库氯铵、维库氯铵盐酸盐也具有本发明所提供的罗库溴铵氢溴酸盐、罗库氯铵或其盐酸盐相同的优点。
本发明克服了现有含溴负离子季铵药物及其制剂存在的上述安全性缺点,提供一类新型季铵化合物及其制备方法、制剂,其具有安全性更高、副作用更小和质量更可控的优点。
图1:实验例2中的溶液A给药前后肌电信号。
图2:实验例2中的溶液B给药前后肌电信号。
图3:实验例2中的溶液C给药前后肌电信号。
图4:溶液A-C各肌电图中给药后响应平稳信号积分(时长8秒)与给药前基线平稳信号积分(时长8秒)的比值的图。
图5:实验例3中的溶液D给药前后肌电信号。
图6:实验例3中的溶液E给药前后肌电信号。
图7:实验例3中的溶液F给药前后肌电信号。
图8:溶液D-F各肌电图中给药后响应平稳信号积分(时长8秒)与给药前基线平稳信号积分(时长8秒)的比值的图。
为了使本发明的目的和技术方案更加清楚,下面对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的描述。要说明的是:以下实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步的说明,而不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。本领域的技术人员根据本发明的上述内容做出的一些非本质的改进和调整均属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1:式I-2(罗库氯铵盐酸盐)的制备(方法A)
仪器:汉邦NU3000;色谱柱:中谱科技,RD-C18 5um,21.2*250mm
波长:210nm;流速:13ml/min;柱温:室温
流动相:甲醇,0.15%HCl水溶液
称取罗库溴铵200mg,加入适量纯化水溶解,使体积约为1ml,进样制备液相,按照如下方法进行洗脱收集馏分,洗脱梯度:
所得馏分经不高于35℃减压浓缩及真空干燥,得盐酸罗库氯铵73mg,收率37%。产品分别以罗库溴铵标准品(中国食品药品检定研究院(National Institutes for Food and Drug Control),批号101361-201902,含量99.6%)和氯化钠(中国食品药品检定研究院(National Institutes for Food and Drug Control),批号100376-201703,含量100%)为外标进行含量测定,得罗库铵含量86.59%,氯离子含量11.61%,罗库铵/氯=7.458:1(理论值为7.474:1)。经LC-MS法检测,得ESI-MS m/z[M-HCl-Cl]
+529.4,ESI-MS m/z[(M-2Cl
-)/2]
+265.2,(ESI-)溴离子信号未检出。
实施例2:式I-1化合物(罗库氯铵)的制备(方法A)
将按照实施例1方法制备得到的罗库氯铵盐酸盐50mg,加入乙腈10ml,碳酸钠187mg,室温下搅拌2h,过滤,滤液浓缩,残余物中加入二氯甲烷带馏至干,得罗库氯铵35mg,纯度99.7%,收率74.5%。
实施例3:式I-1化合物(罗库氯铵)的制备
投入化合物M8 1.0g,3-氯丙烯15ml,封管反应,于外温约50-60℃反应48小时,浓缩得红棕色粘稠残余物,将所得残余物经如下反相柱层析进行第一次纯化:
仪器:汉邦NU3000;色谱柱:中谱红RD-C18,5um,21.2*250mm;
波长:210nm;流速:16ml/min;柱温:室温
流动相:30mM乙酸铵,PH=6.0,甲醇;
将上述残余物加入适量纯化水溶解,进样制备液相,按照如下方法进行洗脱收集馏分,洗脱梯度:
T | 30mM乙酸铵PH=6.0 | 甲醇 |
0 | 75 | 25 |
30 | 35 | 65 |
30.1 | 5 | 95 |
35 | 5 | 95 |
35.1 | 75 | 25 |
40 | 75 | 25 |
所得馏分加入纯化水将甲醇比例稀释至约20%(v/v),经如下反相柱层析进行第二次纯化:
仪器:汉邦NU3000;色谱柱:中谱红RD-C18,5um,21.2*250mm;
波长:210nm;流速:13ml/min;柱温:室温
流动相:0.15%HCl,甲醇;
按照如下方法进行洗脱收集馏分,洗脱梯度:
T | 0.15%HCl | 甲醇 |
0 | 95 | 5 |
5 | 95 | 5 |
30 | 50 | 50 |
35 | 50 | 50 |
将所收集馏分参考照实施例1的操作,制得罗库氯铵盐酸盐。
将所得罗库氯铵盐酸盐参考照实施例2的操作,制得标题化合物,所得样品HPLC纯度99.8%,Mass(ESI+)[M-Cl
-]
+=529.4,
1H-NMR(BRUKER AVANCE III HD 600MHz),D
2O溶剂,δ(ppm)0.79(s,3H),0.85(s,3H),1.03-1.07(m,1H),1.09-1.14(m,1H),1.16-1.19(t,3H),1.28-1.44(m,3H),1.45-1.59(m,5H),1.61-1.64(m,1H),1.73-1.81(m,3H),1.87-1.92(m,1H),2.00(s,3H),2.06-2.11(m,4H),3.20-3.22(d,br,1H),3.25-3.27(d,br,1H),3.31-3.37(m,2H),3.49-3.54(dd,br,1H),3.56-3.59(dd,1H),3.63-3.64(m,3H),3.77-3.81(t,br,1H),3.84-3.88(t,br,1H),4.03-4.13(m,5H),4.15-4.19(m,1H),5.07-5.08(d,br,1H),5.54-5.57(d,br,1H),5.61-5.62(d,1H),5.97-6.04(m,1H)。
实施例4:式Ⅰ-1(罗库氯铵)的制备
在75ml密封管中投入M8 1.0g,3-氯丙烯5ml,二氯甲烷10ml,密封,搅拌,升温至45℃搅拌反应5天。将反应液转入单口烧瓶,浓缩,外温30℃,浓缩完毕加纯净冰水10ml,二氯甲烷10ml×2提取,用1mol/L盐酸调pH 1左右,加入活性炭150mg脱色2-3次,过滤,滤液降温至0℃,用1mol/L NaOH溶液调pH至7.88,过滤,滤液加氯化钠至饱和。用二氯甲烷10ml×3提取,合并提取液,加无水硫酸钠干燥过夜。过滤,浓缩,浓缩物加无水乙腈3ml.溶解,过滤,滤液滴入18ml乙醚中析晶2.0小时,搅拌,过滤,滤饼干燥至残留溶剂合格,得罗库氯铵510mg,纯度大于99.0%。
实施例5:式Ⅰ-1(罗库氯铵)的制备
在75ml密封管中投入M8 1.0g,3-氯丙烯5ml,二氯甲烷10ml,密封,搅拌,升温至30-50℃搅拌反应5天。将反应液转入单口烧瓶,浓缩,外温30℃,浓缩完毕加纯净冰水10ml,乙酸乙酯10ml×3提取,用1mol/L盐酸调pH 6左右,加入活性炭150mg脱色2-3次,过滤,滤液降温至0℃,用1mol/L NaOH溶液调pH至7.88,过滤,滤液加氯化钠至饱和。用二氯甲烷10ml×3提取,合并提取液,加无水硫酸钠干燥过夜。过滤,浓缩,浓缩物加无水乙醇3ml.溶解,过滤,滤液滴入18ml乙酸乙酯中析晶2.0小时,搅拌,过滤,滤饼干燥至残留溶剂合格,得罗库氯铵512mg,纯度大于99.0%。
实施例6:式Ⅰ-2(罗库氯铵盐酸盐)
将按照实施例2-5方法制备得到的罗库氯铵510mg,用氯化氢乙腈溶液3ml溶清,再滴入乙醚18ml,有固体析出,室温搅拌2-3小时,过滤,滤饼减压干燥至残留溶剂合格,得罗库氯铵盐酸盐白色固体458mg,纯度大于99.0%。
实施例7:式Ⅰ-2(罗库氯铵盐酸盐)
将按照实施例2-5方法制备得到的罗库氯铵510mg,用氯化氢乙醇溶液3ml溶清,再滴入乙醚18ml,有固体析出,室温搅拌2-3小时,过滤,滤饼减压干燥至残留溶剂合格,得罗库氯铵盐酸盐白色固体450mg,纯度大于99.0%。
实施例8:式Ⅰ-2(罗库氯铵盐酸盐的水合物)的制备
在150ml密封管中加入M8 5.0g,烯丙基氯25ml,密封,搅拌,升温至30-50℃反应96.0h,降温,外温20±5℃浓缩至反应液10ml,室温下滴加乙酸乙酯50ml,滴加过程中有固体析出,滴加完毕后过滤,固体颗粒用50ml水溶解,水层用二氯甲烷50ml提取3 次,水层降温至5-10℃,水相中加入1NHCl调节pH至4.0,加入活性炭1.0g,脱色30min,过滤,滤液不超过60℃减压浓缩至干,浓缩完毕得到罗库氯铵盐酸盐的水合物4.3g,收率69.8%,纯度99.81%,澄清度合格,溶残合格,水分含量3.0%。
实施例9:式Ⅰ-2(罗库氯铵盐酸盐的水合物)的制备
在150ml密封管中加入M8 5.0g,烯丙基氯25ml,密封,搅拌,升温至60℃反应12.0h,降温,外温20±5℃浓缩至反应液10ml,室温下滴加丙酮50ml,滴加过程中有固体析出,滴加完毕后过滤,固体颗粒用50ml水溶解,水层用二氯甲烷50ml提取2次,水层降温至5-10℃,水相中加入1NHCl调节pH至6.0,加入活性炭1.0g,脱色30min,过滤,滤液不超过60℃减压浓缩至干,浓缩完毕得到罗库氯铵盐酸盐的水合物4.2g,收率68.2%,纯度99.8%,澄清度合格,溶残合格,水分含量3.1%。
实施例10:式Ⅰ-2(罗库氯铵盐酸盐的水合物)的制备
在150ml密封管中加入M8 5.0g,烯丙基氯25ml,干燥二氯甲烷50ml,密封,搅拌,升温至30-50℃反应90.0h,降温,外温20±5℃浓缩至反应液10ml,室温下滴加乙醚50ml,滴加过程中有固体析出,滴加完毕后过滤,固体颗粒用50ml水溶解,水层用乙酸乙酯50ml提取2次,水层降温至5-10℃,水相中加入1NHCl调节pH至1.0,加入活性炭1.0g,脱色30min,过滤,滤液不超过60℃减压浓缩至干,浓缩完毕得到罗库氯铵盐酸盐的水合物4.2g,收率68.2%,纯度99.8%,澄清度合格,溶残合格,水分含量3.1%。
实施例11:式Ⅰ-2(罗库氯铵盐酸盐)的制备
将实施例8制备的罗库氯铵盐酸盐的水合物4.3g加入无水乙醇12ml溶解,将所得醇溶液室温下慢慢滴加到72ml乙醚中,搅拌半小时,析出固体,过滤,乙醚10ml洗涤滤饼2次,滤饼不高于40℃真空干燥过夜,得到式Ⅰ-2结构的罗库氯铵盐酸盐3.2g,收率52.7%,纯度99.8%。
实施例12:式Ⅰ-2(罗库氯铵盐酸盐)的制备
将实施例9制备的罗库氯铵盐酸盐的水合物4.2g加入无水叔丁醇10ml溶解,将所得醇溶液室温下慢慢滴加到72ml甲叔醚中,搅拌半小时,析出固体,过滤,甲叔醚10ml洗涤滤饼2次,滤饼不高于40℃真空干燥过夜,得到式Ⅰ-2结构的罗库氯铵盐酸盐3.3g,收率54.4%,纯度99.8%。
实施例13:式Ⅰ-2(罗库氯铵盐酸盐)的制备
将实施例8制备的罗库氯铵盐酸盐的水合物4.3g加入无水乙醇12ml溶解,将所得醇溶液室温下慢慢滴加到72ml乙醚中,搅拌半小时,析出固体,过滤,乙醚10ml洗涤滤饼2次,滤饼用正戊烷10ml打浆1.0小时,过滤,正戊烷5ml洗涤2次,滤饼不高于40℃真空干燥过夜,得到式Ⅰ-2结构的罗库氯铵盐酸盐3.6g,收率59.3%,纯度99.8%。
实施例14:式Ⅰ-2(罗库氯铵盐酸盐)的制备
将实施例9制备的罗库氯铵盐酸盐的水合物4.2g加入无水叔丁醇10ml溶解,将所得醇溶液室温下慢慢滴加到72ml甲叔醚中,搅拌半小时,析出固体,过滤,甲叔醚10ml洗涤滤饼2次,滤饼用已烷10ml打浆1.0小时,过滤,已烷5ml洗涤2次,滤饼不高于40℃真空干燥过夜,得到式Ⅰ-2结构的罗库氯铵盐酸盐3.5g,收率57.7%,纯度99.7%。
实施例15:式Ⅰ-2(罗库氯铵盐酸盐)的制备
将实施例8制备的罗库氯铵盐酸盐的水合物4.3g加入丙酮10ml分散并打浆1.5小时,过滤,丙酮5ml洗涤2次,滤饼不高于40℃真空干燥过夜,得到式Ⅰ-2结构的罗库氯铵盐酸盐3.7g,收率60.9%,纯度99.8%。
实施例16:式Ⅰ-2(罗库氯铵盐酸盐)的制备
将实施例9制备的罗库氯铵盐酸盐的水合物4.2g加入丙酮10ml分散并打浆1.5小时,过滤,丙酮5ml洗涤2次,滤饼再加入庚烷15ml打浆1.0小时,过滤,滤饼不高于40℃真空干燥过夜,得到式Ⅰ-2结构的罗库氯铵盐酸盐3.8g,收率62.6%,纯度99.7%。
实施例17:式Ⅰ-2(罗库氯铵盐酸盐)的制备
在150ml密封管中加入M8 5.0g,烯丙基氯25ml,干燥二氯甲烷50ml,密封,搅拌,升温至50-80℃反应96h,降温,外温20±5℃浓缩至反应液10ml,室温下滴加乙酸乙酯50ml,滴加过程中有固体析出,滴加完毕后过滤,固体颗粒用50ml水溶解,水层用二氯甲烷50ml提取3次,水层降温至5-10℃,水相中加入1NHCl调节pH至6,加入活性炭1.0g,脱色30min,过滤,滤液不超过60℃减压浓缩,浓缩过滤,滤液冷冻干燥,得到罗库氯铵盐酸盐3.9g,收率63.3%,纯度99.81%。
实施例18:式Ⅰ-3(罗库溴铵氢溴酸盐)的制备
以罗库溴铵为原料,参考实施例1或6或7的操作,采用氢溴酸替代盐酸,制得标题化合物。
实施例19:式Ⅰ-4的制备
以罗库溴铵为原料,参考实施例1或6或7的操作,采用不同比例的氢溴酸和盐酸混合物代替盐酸,制得标题化合物。
实施例20:式Ⅰ-5的制备
以罗库溴铵为原料,参考实施例1或6或7的操作,采用不同比例的乙酸和盐酸混合物代替盐酸,制得标题化合物。
实施例21:式I-6(维库氯铵)的制备
以维库溴铵为原料,参考实施例1的操作,制得标题化合物。
实施例22:式I-7(维库氯铵盐酸盐)的制备
以维库溴铵为原料,参考实施例1或6或7的操作,制得标题化合物。
实施例23:式I-8(维库溴铵氢溴酸盐)的制备
以维库溴铵为原料,参考实施例1或6或7的操作,制得标题化合物。
实施例24:式Ⅰ-9的制备
以维库溴铵为原料,参考实施例1或6或7的操作,采用不同比例的氢溴酸和盐酸混合物代替盐酸,制得标题化合物。
实施例25:式Ⅰ-10的制备
以维库溴铵为原料,参考实施例1或6或7的操作,采用不同比例的乙酸和盐酸混合物代替盐酸,制得标题化合物。
实施例26:冻干实验1#-3#
罗库氯铵和甘露醇用注射用水分别溶解成1#2mg/mL含5%甘露醇、2#4mg/mL含10%甘露醇、3#6mg/mL含15%甘露醇的溶液,盐酸调pH4.0-5.0,过滤,滤液于-70℃预冻2.5h,用新芝SCIENTZ-12N型冻干机冻干20h,冻干终点,体系真空度约2.7Pa,温度约20℃,得到三种冻干物均为白色块状物、结构平整,上述三种冻干物用注射用水复溶迅速。
将2#复溶成2mg/mL溶液,测其为pH5.66,室温(20-25℃)放置,稳定性情况如下:
放置时间h | 杂质个数 | HPLC纯度% |
0 | 4 | 99.16 |
4 | 4 | 99.31 |
8 | 4 | 99.29 |
11 | 4 | 99.29 |
12 | 4 | 99.31 |
15 | 4 | 99.28 |
22 | 4 | 99.23 |
43 | 4 | 99.18 |
RSD% | -- | 0.06 |
可见上述本发明冻干制剂复溶液在实验条件下稳定高。
实施例27:冻干实验4#-7#
罗库氯铵和甘氨酸用注射用水分别溶解成4#2mg/mL含2%甘氨酸、5#4mg/mL含4%甘氨酸、6#6mg/mL含6%甘氨酸、7#8mg/mL含8%甘氨酸的溶液,盐酸调pH4.0-5.0,过滤,滤液于-70℃预冻2.5h,用新芝SCIENTZ-12N型冻干机冻干20h,冻干终点,体系真空度约2.7Pa,温度约20℃,得到四种冻干物均为白色略带光泽块状物、结构平整,上述四种冻干物用注射用水复溶迅速。
将5#冻干物复溶成2mg/mL,pH4.72,室温(20-25℃)放置,稳定性情况如下:
放置时间h | 杂质个数 | HPLC纯度% |
0.5 | 4 | 99.21 |
2 | 4 | 99.21 |
6 | 4 | 99.20 |
12 | 4 | 99.21 |
13 | 4 | 99.21 |
15 | 4 | 99.20 |
23 | 4 | 99.18 |
44 | 4 | 99.15 |
RSD% | -- | 0.02 |
可见上述本发明冻干制剂复溶液在实验条件下稳定高。
实施例28:冻干实验8#-11#
罗库氯铵和葡聚糖40用注射用水分别溶解成8#2mg/mL含2%葡聚糖40、9#4mg/mL含4%葡聚糖40、10#6mg/mL含6%葡聚糖40、11#8mg/mL含8%葡聚糖40的溶液,盐酸调pH4.0-5.0,过滤,滤液于-70℃预冻2.5h,用新芝SCIENTZ-12N型冻干机冻干20h,冻干终点,体系真空度约2.7Pa,温度约20℃,得到四种冻干物均为白色、结构平整,上述四种冻干物用注射用水复溶迅速。
实施例29:冻干实验12#-15#
罗库氯铵和乳糖用注射用水分别溶解成12#3mg/mL含2%乳糖、13#5mg/mL含4%乳糖、14#7mg/mL含6%乳糖、15#9mg/mL含8%乳糖的溶液,盐酸调pH4.0-5.0,过滤,滤液于-70℃预冻2.5h,用新芝SCIENTZ-12N型冻干机冻干20h,冻干终点,体系真空度约2.7Pa,温度约20℃,得到四种冻干物均为白色、结构平整,上述四种冻干物用注射用水复溶迅速。
实施例30:冻干实验16#-19#
用罗库溴铵和甘露醇,参照实施例26方法制备得到16#-19#冻干物,均为白色块状物、结构平整,上述三种冻干物用注射用水复溶迅速。
实施例31:冻干实验20#-23#
用罗库溴铵和甘氨酸,参照实施例27方法制备得到20#-23#冻干物,均为白色块状物、结构平整,上述四种冻干物用注射用水复溶迅速。
实施例32:冻干实验23#-26#
用罗库溴铵和葡聚糖40,参照实施例28方法制备得到23#-26#冻干物,均为白色块状物、结构平整,上述四种冻干物用注射用水复溶迅速。
实施例33:冻干实验27#-30#
用罗库溴铵和乳糖,参照实施例29方法制备得到27#-30#冻干物,均为白色块状物、结构平整,上述四种冻干物用注射用水复溶迅速。
参照实施例26-33分别制备得到维库铵的相应冻干制剂,优选pH为4.5-6。
参照实施例26-33分别制备得到混合酸根甾体季铵化合物的相应冻干制剂,优选pH为4.5-6。
参照实施例26-33,用少量酸调节pH≥4,优选为4.5-6,分别制备得到罗库溴铵的相应冻干制剂。
参照实施例26-33,用少量酸调节pH≥4,优选为4.5-6,分别制备得到维库溴铵的相应冻干制剂。
实验例1:罗库氯铵与罗库溴铵兔耳缘静脉注射试验
1、试验材料
1.1、试验动物
日本大耳白兔,普通级,♂,体重2-2.5kg。
1.2、受试品
●罗库氯铵冻干制剂注射用水复溶液(10mg/ml)
●罗库溴铵市售制剂(10mg/ml)
2、方法与结果
日本大耳白兔6只随机分为A、B两组,3只/组。在动物耳缘静脉注射肌松药物15分钟前,分别肌注给予新斯的明(0.02mg/kg)和阿托品(0.04mg/kg)。A组动物经耳缘静脉给予罗库氯铵冻干复溶液(10mg/ml)各1ml/只,B组动物经耳缘静脉给予罗库溴铵市售制剂(10mg/ml)各1ml/只,药液约15-20秒匀速推注完成,观察动物注射时及注射后的表现,结果记录如下表:
结果显示,本发明化合物制剂复溶液显示出消除或显著减轻市售罗库溴铵存在注射疼痛的效果。
实验例2:大鼠动脉注射肌电检测实验(生理盐水溶液)
1、试验材料
1.1、试验动物
SD大鼠,♂,体重300-350g。
1.2、测试药物
●溶液A:5mg/ml罗库氯铵生理盐水溶液;
●溶液B:罗库溴铵市售制剂,加生理盐水稀释至5mg/ml;
●溶液C:生理盐水。
2、方法与结果
SD大鼠腹腔给予乌拉坦(1.2~1.3g/kg),待动物进入平稳麻醉状态后,手术剥离分出腹壁浅动脉,在同侧半腱肌植入电极,接入BL-420N生物信号采集与分析系统,记录肌电信号。分别经腹壁浅动脉注射给予上述测试物各60ul,给药时间约3秒,记录肌电图信号如图1~图3(图中箭头
处为开始给药时间点)。将上述各肌电图中给药后响应平稳信号积分(时长8秒)与给药前基线平稳信号积分(时长8秒)比值作图,见图4。
上述结果显示,本发明化合物-生理盐水组的血管注射肌电检测显示,其血管刺激性信号极明显地低于市售罗库溴铵制剂组,明显地低于同等浓度和剂量的罗库溴铵-生理盐水组,与生理盐水组基本相当。另外,实验中观察到给药溶液B(罗库溴铵市售制剂)的 大鼠出现肌肉抽搐的现象,而给药溶液A和溶液C的大鼠没有出现此现象,说明罗库溴铵市售制剂具有一定的刺激性,有注射疼痛的副作用。
实验例3:罗库氯铵与罗库溴铵大鼠注射疼痛-肌电刺激试验(5%葡萄糖溶液)
1、试验材料
1.1、试验动物
SD大鼠,♂,体重280g-355g。
1.2、测试药物
溶液配制如下:
30%乌拉坦溶液:称取乌拉坦6.01g,加入纯化水20mL,旋涡溶清。
市售罗库溴铵稀释溶液(E):5mg/mL,取市售罗库溴铵注射液2mL,加入5%葡萄糖注射液2mL,旋涡溶解。
罗库氯铵-5%葡萄糖溶液(F):5mg/mL,称取本发明制备的罗库氯铵18.7mg,加入5%葡萄糖注射液3.74mL,旋涡溶解。
大鼠腹腔注射30%乌拉坦溶液,麻醉后,固定于操作板上,剪除操作部位体表毛发,找到并用线分离一侧的腹壁浅动脉,找到同侧后腿的半腱肌,插入电极,在分离的腹壁浅动脉中插入一次性注射针,进行药物注射,注射针随药物更换。空白对照组注射5%葡萄糖(即溶液D)60uL,分别经腹壁浅动脉注射给予上述测试物,即溶液E和溶液F,各40ul,记录肌电图信号如图5~图7(图中箭头处为开始给药时间点)。
分别取每次给药前后的一段代表性数据,积分并取平均值,以给药后与给药前数值的比值,比较不同溶液的刺激强度,如图8所示。具体而言,其是溶液D-F各肌电图中给药后响应平稳信号积分(时长8秒)与给药前基线平稳信号积分(时长8秒)的比值的图。
由以上结果可知,和市售罗库溴铵相比,本发明化合物罗库氯铵化合物对大鼠的刺激强度较小,注射疼痛较小,和5%葡萄糖组基本相当。另外,实验中观察到给药溶液E(罗库溴铵市售制剂)的大鼠出现肌肉抽搐的现象,而给药溶液D和溶液F的大鼠没有出现此现象,说明罗库溴铵市售制剂具有一定的刺激性,有注射疼痛的副作用。
实验例4:罗库氯铵与罗库溴铵小鼠转棒试验
实验方法:
(1)小鼠转棒初筛
实验前3天进行转棒初筛,小鼠转棒仪的转速设定为定速状态20rpm/min。将5只小鼠放到直径为3cm的转棒上,启动转棒仪,小鼠若在实验过程中掉落,则再次把它放到棒上。每次训练4分钟,共训练5次,两次训练之间间隔20min以上作为疲劳恢复时间。记录第3、4、5次小鼠在转棒上的停留时间(从放置到掉下的时间)。剔除两次停留时间均小于4min、抱轴不动、跳跃及身体协调能力差小鼠。筛选后合格小鼠重新分组。实验在20-24℃空调室温条件下进行。
(2)小鼠给药后转棒实验
在实验当日给药10min后将小鼠置于转杆上,记录小鼠由放置到掉下的时间(s),最长检测时间为240s,超过者仍记为240s。用GraphPad Prism 5软件以线性拟合的方法计算ED
50。
实验结果:
小鼠在腹腔给药10min后,罗库氯铵在0.5-1mg/kg剂量范围内对骨骼肌松弛效果有剂量依赖性,随着剂量增加,小鼠在转棒上停留时间明显缩短。与空白组相比,在剂量为0.7、1mg/kg时,p<0.05。其ED
50为0.84mg/kg;阳性药罗库溴铵在0.39-1mg/kg剂量范围内对骨骼肌有明显松弛效果,随着剂量增加,小鼠在转棒上停留时间也明显缩短。与空白组相比,在剂量为0.625、1mg/kg时,p<0.05。其ED
50为0.83mg/kg;
结果可知,罗库氯铵发挥肌松效果ED
50与阳性药物罗库溴铵相当,本发明制备的罗库铵氯铵有肌松效果,效果与罗库溴铵相当。
Claims (32)
- 具有以下式I的甾体季铵化合物或其加成盐或其溶剂合物:其中,A为CH 2或O;B为N或R 1为H或CH 3CO;R 2为CH 3或-CH 2CH=CH 2;t=2或3;X为Cl、Br或CH 3COO;Y为Cl、Br或CH 3COO;m和n取值均≥0,且m+n=1或2;其条件是:当X和Y中任意一项为Br时,m+n=2。
- 如权利要求1所述的甾体季铵化合物或其加成盐或其溶剂合物,其中所述甾体季铵盐化合物选自以下组中:
- 如权利要求1所述的甾体季铵盐化合物或其加成盐或其溶剂合物,其中所述溶剂合物中的溶剂为水、醇、酸、酯、醚、酮或卤代烃,优选为水、C 1-6醇、C 1-6酸、C 3-C 6酯、C 4-6醚、C 3-6酮或C 1-6卤代烃。
- 如权利要求3所述的甾体季铵盐化合物或其加成盐或其溶剂合物,其中所述溶剂选自以下组中:水、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、叔丁醇、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸异丙酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、乙醚、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、丙酮、丁酮、二氯甲烷和氯仿或其组合。
- 制备权利要求2所述的式Ⅰ-1结构的罗库氯铵的方法,其是如下制备的:将罗库溴铵用水溶解配制成溶液,进入反相液相,用含盐酸的溶液进行梯度洗脱,收集馏分,所得馏分经减压浓缩,干燥,得到以下式Ⅰ-2结构的罗库氯铵盐酸盐;将所述罗库氯铵盐酸盐加入有机溶剂A、无机碱,室温下搅拌,过滤,滤液浓缩,得到所述式Ⅰ-1结构的罗库氯铵,其中所述有机溶剂A选自以下组中:乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸异丙酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、乙醚、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、丙酮、丁酮、二氯甲烷、氯仿和乙腈或其组合,优选选自以下组中:四氢呋喃、丙酮、二氯甲烷、氯仿、乙腈和甲基叔丁基醚或其组合,所述无机碱选自以下组中:氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钙、碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸锂、碳酸铯、碳酸钙、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢锂、碳酸氢钙或其组合,优选选自以下组中:碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸锂和碳酸钙或其组合。
- 制备权利要求2所述的式Ⅰ-1结构的罗库氯铵的方法,其是通过如下反应路线1进行制备的:(路线1)其中使化合物M8与烯丙基氯在0~80℃、优选20~60℃、更优选30~50℃的温度下反应12~168小时,经后处理程序得到罗库氯铵。
- 如权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述后处理程序包括以下步骤:将反应液浓缩得到罗库氯铵粗品,用反相液相色谱进行制备,以乙酸铵水溶液和甲醇为流动相,经第一次洗脱纯化得到乙酸盐馏分,再用反相液相色谱进行制备,以盐酸溶液和甲醇为流动相,经第二次洗脱纯化得到罗库氯铵盐酸盐馏分,所得馏分经减压浓缩,残余物加入有机溶剂A、无机碱,室温下搅拌,过滤,滤液浓缩,得到所述罗库氯铵,其中所述有机溶剂A选自以下组中:乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸异丙酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、乙醚、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、丙酮、丁酮、二氯甲烷、氯仿和乙腈或其组合,优选选自以下组中:四氢呋喃、丙酮、二氯甲烷、氯仿、乙腈和甲基叔丁基醚或其组合,所述无机碱选自以下组中:氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钙、碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸锂、碳酸铯、碳酸钙、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢锂、碳酸氢钙或其组合,优选选自以下组中:碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸锂和碳酸钙或其组合。
- 如权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述后处理程序包括以下步骤:将反应液浓缩、加水溶解,加入二氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯萃取,水相调节pH至1~6,加入活性炭脱色,过滤,中和滤液pH至7~9,中和过程中滤液温度≤10℃,过滤,滤液加入氯化钠,可直至形成氯化钠的饱和溶液,加入二氯甲烷萃取,有机相经干燥剂干燥、过滤、滤液浓缩,浓缩物加入无水溶剂,所述无水溶剂选自以下组中:乙腈、丙腈、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丙醇、丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇、二氯甲烷、氯仿、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和二甲基亚砜或其组合,溶解,过滤,将滤液滴入有机溶剂B中,结晶,过滤,滤饼减压干燥,得到罗库氯铵,其中所述有机溶剂B选自以下组中:诸如乙醚、异丙醚、甲叔醚、四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、二氧六环的醚类,或诸如丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、环戊酮的酮类,或诸如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丙酯的酯类,或其组合。
- 制备如权利要求2所述的罗库氯铵盐酸盐或维库氯铵盐酸盐的方法,其是如下进行制备的:用氯化氢有机溶液溶解罗库氯铵或维库氯铵,所述氯化氢有机溶液选自以下组中:甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、乙腈、丙腈或其组合的氯化氢溶液,向该溶液中滴入有机溶剂B,所述有机溶剂B选自以下组中:诸如乙醚、异丙醚、甲叔醚、四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、二氧六环的醚类,如丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、环戊酮的酮类,诸如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丙酯的酯类或其组合,搅拌结晶,过滤,滤饼减压干燥,得到罗库氯铵盐酸盐或维库氯铵盐酸盐。
- 制备权利要求2所述的式Ⅰ-2结构的罗库氯铵盐酸盐的方法,其是如下制备的:根据权利要求6的方法制备罗库氯铵,然后对其进行包括以下步骤的后处理程序:将反 应液浓缩,加入有机溶剂B,析出粗品,过滤,固体加水溶解,水层用二氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯提取,水相调节pH至1~6,加入活性炭脱色,过滤,滤液≤60℃减压浓缩,优选30~50℃减压浓缩,加入有机溶剂B,分散并打浆,过滤,滤饼在≤40℃下减压干燥,得到所述罗库氯铵盐酸盐,其中所述有机溶剂B选自以下组中:诸如乙醚、异丙醚、甲叔醚、四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、二氧六环的醚类,诸如丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、环戊酮的酮类,诸如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丙酯的酯类,或其组合。
- 如权利要求10所述的方法,其还包括如下步骤:所述滤饼再加入有机溶剂C,打浆,过滤,滤饼≤40℃减压干燥,所述有机溶剂C选自以下组中:戊烷、己烷、庚烷、石油醚、丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、环戊酮或其组合。
- 制备权利要求2所述的式Ⅰ-2结构的罗库氯铵盐酸盐的方法,其是如下制备的:根据权利要求6的方法制备罗库氯铵,然后对其进行包括以下步骤的后处理程序:将反应液浓缩,加入有机溶剂B,析出粗品,过滤,固体加水溶解,水层用二氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯提取,水相调节pH至1~6,加入活性炭脱色,过滤,滤液≤60℃减压浓缩,优选30~50℃减压浓缩,加入醇类溶剂溶解,所述醇类溶剂包括甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丙醇、丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇中的至少一种或其组合,将所得醇溶液加入有机溶剂B中,结晶,过滤,滤饼≤40℃减压干燥,得到所述罗库氯铵盐酸盐,其中所述有机溶剂B选自以下组中:诸如乙醚、异丙醚、甲叔醚、四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、二氧六环的醚类,诸如丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、环戊酮的酮类,诸如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丙酯的酯类,或其组合。
- 制备权利要求2所述的式Ⅰ-2结构的罗库氯铵盐酸盐的方法,其是如下制备的:根据权利要求6的方法制备罗库氯铵,然后对其进行包括以下步骤的后处理程序:将反应液浓缩,加入有机溶剂B,析出粗品,过滤,固体加水溶解,水层用二氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯提取,水相调节pH至1~6,加入活性炭脱色,过滤,滤液≤60℃减压浓缩,优选30~50℃减压浓缩,浓缩液过滤,滤液浓度0.1~1500mg/ml,优选10~1200mg/ml,冷冻干燥,得到所述罗库氯铵盐酸盐,其中所述有机溶剂B选自以下组中:诸如乙醚、异丙醚、甲叔醚、四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、二氧六环的醚类,诸如丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、环戊酮的酮类,诸如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丙酯的酯类,或其组合。
- 制备权利要求2所述的式Ⅰ-2结构的罗库氯铵盐酸盐的水合物的方法,其是如下制备的:根据权利要求6的方法制备罗库氯铵,然后对其进行包括以下步骤的后处理程序:将反应液浓缩,加入有机溶剂B,析出粗品,过滤,固体加水溶解,水层用二氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯提取,水相调节pH至1~6,加入活性炭脱色,过滤,滤液≤60℃减压浓缩,优选30~50℃减压浓缩,得到所述罗库氯铵盐酸盐的水合物,其中所述有机溶剂B选自以下组中:诸如乙醚、异丙醚、甲叔醚、四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、二氧六环的醚类,诸如丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、环戊酮的酮类,诸如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丙酯的酯类,或其组合。
- 一种冻干制剂,其包含如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的甾体季铵化合物或其加成盐或其溶剂合物或罗库溴铵或维库溴铵作为活性成分及一种或多种药学上可接受的辅料。
- 如权利要求15所述的冻干制剂,其中所述辅料包括冻干支持剂和/或保护剂,或粉雾吸入附加剂,优选选自以下组中:甘露醇、山梨醇、木糖醇、蔗糖、乳糖、葡萄糖、葡聚糖、糊精、麦芽糖、麦芽糖醇、麦芽糖糊精、赤藓糖醇、海藻糖、葡萄糖酸钙、硫酸钙、氯化钠、甘氨酸、水解明胶、人血白蛋白或其组合。
- 如权利要求15所述的冻干制剂,其中所述辅料包括pH调节剂,所述pH调节剂优选选自以下中:盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、柠檬酸、乙酸、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸钠、磷酸钾、磷酸铵、硫酸氢钠、硫酸氢钾、硫酸氢铵、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氨水、枸橼酸、枸橼酸二氢钠、枸橼酸二氢钾、枸橼酸二氢铵、枸橼酸氢二钠、枸橼酸氢二钾、枸橼酸氢二铵、枸橼酸氢钾钠、枸橼酸钠、枸橼酸钾、枸橼酸铵、乳酸、乳酸钠、乳酸钾、乳酸铵、苹果酸、苹果酸钠、苹果酸钾、苹果酸、苹果酸氢钠、苹果酸氢钾、苹果酸氢铵、苹果酸钾钠、酒石酸、酒石酸氢钠、酒石酸氢钾、酒石酸氢铵、酒石酸钾钠、维生素C、维生素C钠、海藻酸、海藻酸钠、琥珀酸、琥珀钠、琥珀钾、琥珀酸铵、琥珀氢钠、琥珀氢钾、琥珀酸氢铵、琥珀酸钾钠、醋酸、醋酸钠、醋酸钾、醋酸铵、氨基酸及其盐类或其组合。
- 如权利要求15所述的冻干制剂,其中所述辅料包括稳定剂,所述稳定剂包括抗氧剂或金属离子络合剂的至少一种或其组合,所述抗氧剂优选选自以下组中:亚硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸钠、硫代硫酸钠、维生素C、巯基乙酸钠、甘氨酸、半胱氨酸或其组合,所述金属离子络合剂优选选自以下组中:乙二胺四乙酸二钠、乙二胺四乙酸钙钠或其组合。
- 如权利要求15所述的冻干制剂,其中所述辅料包括止痛剂和局部麻醉剂,所述止痛剂和局部麻醉剂优选选自以下组中:苯甲醇、三氯叔丁醇、普鲁卡因、可卡因、丁卡因、丙美卡因、奥布卡因、苯佐卡因、利多卡因、辛可卡因、丙胺卡因、三甲卡因、布比卡因、左布比卡因、甲哌卡因、罗哌卡因、达克罗宁、氯普鲁卡因、阿替卡因、依替卡因或其组合。
- 如权利要求15所述的冻干制剂,其中所述辅料包括抑菌剂,所述抑菌剂优选选自以下组中:苯甲醇、三氯叔丁醇、苯甲酸及其盐类、山梨酸及其盐类、尼泊金酯类或其组合。
- 药盒,其包含如权利要求1-4中任一项所述甾体季铵化合物或其加成盐或其溶剂合物,或者如权利要求15-20任一项所述的冻干制剂。
- 如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的甾体季铵化合物或其加成盐或其溶剂合物或者如权利要求15-20任一项所述的冻干制剂在制备用于骨骼肌松弛药物中的用途。
- 权利要求22所述的用途,其中所述药物通过胃肠或肠胃外途径给药。
- 如权利要求23所述的用途,其中所述胃肠途径为口服途径;所述肠胃外途径为吸入、静脉内、动脉内、腹膜内、肌内、皮下、黏膜及深部组织或经眼、经皮、表面等外用途径。
- 权利要求15-20中任一项所述的冻干制剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将作为活性成分的化合物、辅料与相应溶剂混合,配成溶液,调节该溶液pH至1~7,优选pH2~6,更优选pH 3.5~5.5,过滤,滤液进行冷冻干燥,得到冻干制剂。
- 如权利要求25所述的制备方法,其中所述溶剂为水。
- 如权利要求25所述的制备方法,其中在所配制的溶液中,所述作为活性成分的化合物的浓度为100μg/ml-300mg/ml,以及所述辅料(包括冻干支持剂和/或保护剂,pH调节剂,诸如抗氧剂和金属离子络合剂的稳定剂,止痛剂和/或抑菌剂)的浓度为0mg/ml-500mg/ml。
- 如权利要求25所述的制备方法,其中所述冷冻干燥包括:(1)预冻阶段,将所述溶液降温至-30℃~-196℃范围,直至溶液体系凝结、冻实;(2)可选地,将所述冷冻溶液体系温度升高至-30℃~-5℃范围内的温度,其中所述冷冻溶液体系仍保持冻结状态;将所述冷冻溶液体系再次降温至-30℃以下,此过程可重复进行;(3)初级干燥阶段,包括升华步骤,通过减压除去步骤(1)或步骤(2)所述处于冻结状态的冷冻溶液体系中的溶剂,得到部分干燥的产物;(4)次级干燥阶段,通过减压除去非冷冻状态的所述部分干燥产物中的残余溶剂,得到冻干产物,此阶段通常伴随有进一步的升温。
- 一种含有第一容器和第二容器的多部份组合试剂盒,所述第一容器含有权利要求15-20任一项所述的冻干制剂,所述第二容器含有生理上可接受的用于复溶所述冻干制剂的溶液。
- 一种注射用溶液,其是由权利要求15-20任一项所述的冻干制剂配制而成的,其中所述注射用溶液pH不低于4,pH优选为4-8,更优选为5-7,其中含酸的浓度为0~0.15M,优选为0~0.1M,更优选为0~0.03M。
- 如权利要求30所述的注射用溶液,其中所述pH为4.5-6。
- 如权利要求30所述的注射用溶液,其中所述甾体季铵化合物为罗库溴铵或维库溴铵,并且所述pH为4.5-6。
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