CN116868846A - Method for interplanting cymbidium sinense leaves under rubber forest - Google Patents
Method for interplanting cymbidium sinense leaves under rubber forest Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 241000173252 Cymbidium sinense Species 0.000 title description 3
- 241000732800 Cymbidium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 241000173256 Cymbidium kanran Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 84
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 241000173290 Cymbidium faberi Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 241001480007 Phomopsis Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002595 cold damage Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010415 tidying Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 34
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 16
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 12
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 10
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 6
- 241000173289 Cymbidium goeringii Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000017141 Cymbidium goeringii Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 4
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000538562 Banjos Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000735527 Eupatorium Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010035148 Plague Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000008734 Bergera koenigii Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002752 Konjac Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 241001156382 Lansium Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Botany (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The application discloses a method for planting cymbidium kanran leaves in rubber forests, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting a garden. S2: and selecting rubber forest. S3: and (5) tidying the garden. S4: selecting seedlings. S5: and (5) seedling management. S6: and (5) field management. S7: and (5) harvesting fresh leaves. S8: and (5) quality detection. The construction technology of the rubber garden in the full-period intercropping mode is one of the main pushing technology of tropical and subtropical crops, can greatly increase the comprehensive benefit of the rubber garden, and obviously enhances the wind resistance of the rubber garden. The new technology of intercropping the leaves of the cymbidium in the rubber forest is researched, and the novel field management of the leaves of the rubber Lin Banlan is matched, so that the economic yield of the rubber forest is improved, the complementation of two industries of the rubber and the leaves of the cymbidium and the resource sharing are promoted, and the high-quality development can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of A01G 9/02, in particular to a method for interplanting cymbidium sinensis leaves under rubber forests.
Background
The banlang She Nai is shaded and is suitable for being planted under the forest, and is a dominant commercial crop under the forest which is developed recently. The rubber forest is the biggest tropical economic forest in tropical areas of China, three large production bases of Hainan, yunnan and Guangdong provinces are built in China, and the planting area exceeds 120 ten thousand hm 2 Is the fourth most glue producing country in the world and is parallel to the important agricultural product production protection area in China. The rubber forest plant has wide row spacing and is suitable for developing under-forest economy. The construction technology of the rubber garden in the full-period intercropping mode is one of the main pushing technology of tropical and subtropical crops, can greatly increase the comprehensive benefit of the rubber garden, and obviously enhances the wind resistance of the rubber garden.
The intercropping mode for the leaves of the cymbidium in the rubber forest is not developed at present, but other economic plants such as:
chinese patent CN202010892960.9 provides ecological planting method for developing sprouting vegetable under rubber forest, and further aims to fully develop economic development under rubber forest. The proportion of the fertilizer needs to be adjusted to realize soil fattening, thereby affecting the production of rubber trees, but the economic benefit is low.
Chinese patent CN201810298840, a cultivation method for interplanting Bulbilus Boussingaulti under rubber forest is provided, bulbilus Boussingaulti is planted between rows of the rubber forest, and the row spacing of rubber trees in the rubber forest is 5-8 m; the planting density of the calyx seu fructus physalis is 0.5-2.0mX0.5-2.0m; the planting row direction of the rubber tree is consistent with that of the calyx seu fructus physalis, the field management is normally carried out during the cultivation period, and the harvesting is carried out at proper time. But the growth trend of the calyx seu fructus physalis is not good.
Chinese patent CN202111432524 provides a method for interplanting bulbil konjak in rubber forest, which adopts different interplanting modes according to different growth stages of rubber forest, so as to improve the utilization rate of land in rubber forest and increase the yield of economic benefit of unit area of rubber forest. But for a longer time interval.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the application discloses a method for planting cymbidium kanran leaves in rubber forests, which comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a garden.
S2: and selecting rubber forest.
S3: and (5) tidying the garden.
S4: selecting seedlings.
S5: and (5) seedling management.
S6: and (5) field management.
S7: and (5) harvesting fresh leaves.
S8: and (5) quality detection.
Preferably, in the step S1, the selecting garden specifically includes: a flat land or a gentle slope land rubber garden with the altitude below 400m is selected, the annual average temperature is above 21 ℃, the cold damage is less, the annual rainfall is more than 1200mm, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and red soil or brick red soil with good ecological conditions is met.
Further preferably, a flat land or gentle slope land rubber garden with the altitude of 200-300m is selected, the annual average temperature is more than 21 ℃, the cold damage is less, the annual rainfall is 1200-1300mm, irrigation and drainage are more convenient, and red soil or brick red soil with good ecological conditions is adopted.
Preferably, the floor area of the rubber forest is 6.67hm 2 。
Preferably, the low cold damage means that the air temperature is mostly at the low temperature above 0 ℃ and has no harm to temperature-preference plants.
Preferably, the irrigation and drainage convenience means that sufficient water sources and good irrigation equipment are arranged around the forest land, so that the irrigation requirement of the rubber forest is met.
Preferably, in the step S2, the selecting a rubber forest specifically includes: selecting plant density of 400-500 plants/hm 2 The planting mode is wide-narrow row planting, the plant row spacing is 1-3m, the narrow row is 4m, the wide row is 16-50m, and the canopy density is 0.3-0.6.
Preferably, the planting density is 450 plants/hm 2 The planting mode is wide-narrow row planting, the plant row spacing is 2m, the narrow row is 4m, the wide row is 18m, and the canopy density is 0.4-0.5.
Preferably, in the step S3, the sorting garden specifically includes: and (3) carrying out soil preparation, tillage, ditching, fertilization and water spraying irrigation on the garden.
Further preferably, the soil preparation and tillage depth is 20-25cm, the ditching and fertilizing amount is 500-1000kg, and the water spraying irrigation mode is sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation.
The leaves of herba Eupatorii, the academic name of herba Eupatorii (Pandanus amaryl lifolius Roxb.) and the other names of gorgeous leaves, herba Eupatorii leaves, and folium Isatidis are perennial evergreen herb plants of the genus Eupatorium of the family Eupatorium. Branches of the overground stem with aerial roots. The leaf is long and sword-shaped, the length can reach 50cm, the leaf edge is even slightly thorn, the tip thorn is slightly dense, the tip of She Beimian is slightly thorn, the flower is monoscopic, the flower is hermaphroditic, the inflorescence is spike-shaped, and the flower is flower-fruit-gathered.
Preferably, the step S4: the seedling selection comprises the following steps: selecting a plat She Chongmiao, wherein tissue culture seedlings or tillering seedlings are adopted as seedlings, detoxified healthy seedlings are adopted as the tissue culture seedlings, and the seedling height is 10 cm-20 cm; tillering seedlings adopt seedlings with healthy and developed root systems, and the heights of the seedlings are 15 cm-30 cm; the bagged seedlings should be sun-dried for 30 days before seedling cultivation and transplanting in the greenhouse.
Preferably, the seedling height of the tissue seedling is 12-15cm, and the seedling height of the tillered seedling is 17-20cm.
The banlang She Nai is shaded and is suitable for being planted under the forest, and is a dominant commercial crop under the forest which is developed recently. The rubber forest is the biggest tropical economic forest in tropical areas of China, three large production bases of Hainan, yunnan and Guangdong provinces are built in China, and the planting area exceeds 120 ten thousand hm 2 Is the fourth most glue producing country in the world and is parallel to the important agricultural product production protection area in China. The rubber forest plant has wide row spacing and is suitable for developing under-forest economy. The construction technology of the rubber garden in the full-period intercropping mode is one of the main pushing technology of tropical and subtropical crops, can greatly increase the comprehensive benefit of the rubber garden, and obviously enhances the wind resistance of the rubber garden. Research on new technology of intercropping cymbidium leaves under rubber forests, matching with brand-new planting density of Lin Banlan leaves of rubber, especially She Chongmiao 15000 plants of cymbidium leaves per mu of rubber forests, with plant row spacing of 40X 80cm, and combining with planting density of 450 plants/hm of rubber forests 2 The planting mode is wide-narrow row planting, the plant row spacing is 2m, the narrow row is 4m, the wide row is 16-20m, and the canopy density is 0.4-0.5. Can fully exert the intercropping mode effect of the rubber forest and the cymbidium faberi leaves on plant growth, and is helpful for improving the rubber forestEconomic output value, promotes the complementation of two industries of rubber and cymbidium leaves, shares resources and can realize high-quality development.
Preferably, the seedling management in the step S5 specifically includes: setting the planting density of the cymbidium faberi leaf seedlings within a fixed value time, wherein the fixed value is in a rubber forest.
Further preferably, the fixed time is 4-9 months.
Preferably, the fixed value time is 5-8 months.
Preferably, the planting density of the cymbidium faberi seedlings is as follows: each mu of rubber woodland is planted with the plant of the cymbidium lansium She Chongmiao-18000, and the plant row spacing is 40 multiplied by 60cm or 40 multiplied by 80cm.
Further preferably, the planting density of the cymbidium faberi leaf seedlings is as follows: the plant distance of the plant is 40 multiplied by 80cm, and the plant distance of each mu of rubber woodland is She Chongmiao and 15000.
Preferably, the planting density of the cymbidium parviflora seedlings is based on the degree of rubber forest depression, namely the degree of rubber forest depression is small, and the row spacing specification of the field planting plants is small; the canopy density is large, and the row spacing specification of the field planting plant is preferably large; meanwhile, plant row spacing is conveniently and properly adjusted according to the mechanized operation of the rubber garden.
Preferably, the method for setting the value is as follows: and (5) removing the cymbidium She Yomiao device at fixed value, placing the seedlings into planting holes, setting the planting depth to ensure that the cymbidium She Chongmiao root clusters are 5-10 cm below the ground, returning soil, righting and compacting. And (5) irrigating root fixing water after field planting.
Because the root systems of the cymbidium leaves are different from those of other plants, the cymbidium leaves can play a role in keeping the moisture of soil under the rubber forest, reduce the occurrence of water and soil loss, reduce the morbidity of the rubber tree and improve the ecological environment of the rubber forest.
Preferably, the step S6 of field management specifically includes: and adopting standardized measures to regularly carry out the treatment of the cymbidium She Jiao tank, weeding, fertilizing and pest control.
Further preferably, the irrigation method comprises the following steps: irrigation is carried out once every two days at the temperature of the seedling stage of more than 35 ℃; the period of harvesting is to regularly irrigate the cymbidium She Jiaoshui, 1-2 times per week in dry season and 1-2 times per month in rainy season, and irrigation is proper in early morning or afternoon.
Preferably, the weeding method comprises the following steps: weeding the plagiosa leaf planting land by adopting a spraying herbicide, weeding intercropping according to the weed growth condition, wherein the weeding is carried out 1 time per month in rainy season and 1 time per two months in dry season.
Preferably, the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: in the seedling stage, 50g of compound microorganism liquid bacterial manure is used for each plant, and 2 times per month. Additional fertilizer is applied for 1 time in 6-8 months after field planting. Each 666.7m2 of urea is applied 15 kg-20 kg, and each plant uses 100 g-150 g of compound microorganism liquid bacterial fertilizer. The harvesting period takes biological fertilizer and organic fertilizer as main materials and fertilizer as auxiliary materials, and the fertilizer is applied for 2-3 times per year. Each 666.7m2 of the microbial fertilizer is applied with 100 kg-150 kg of organic fertilizer or 25 kg-30 kg of urea, and the microbial fertilizer is applied with water after rain or is applied with water after water, or each plant uses 100 g-150 g of compound microbial fertilizer.
Preferably, the pest control is to control stem rot, phomopsis and phomopsis, and the main pests are moth larvae, locust, snail, slug and the like.
According to the application, the intercropping planting mode is carried out on the rubber forest and the cymbidium leaves, the planting density of the rubber forest and the cymbidium leaves is reasonably set, the ecological influence among plants is scientifically and comprehensively utilized, the ecological influence of the rubber forest on the insect pest larvae, locust, snail and slug organisms of the cymbidium leaves is utilized, the mating during the pest imago period is prevented and controlled, and the ecological cycle of the planting industry is achieved by combining agricultural prevention and control, biological prevention and control, physical prevention and control and medicament prevention and control, so that the economic benefit of the rubber forest is further increased.
Preferably, the pest control measures include: agricultural control, physical control and biological control measures, and a drug control technology is scientifically and safely used. The agricultural control is focused on strengthening seedling quarantine, draining field ponding in time, preventing quarantine diseases from spreading and reducing germ breeding conditions. The physical control adopts artificial pinching to remove moth larvae or insect egg masses; the biological control adopts a compound microorganism bacterial manure to carry out bacterial control; the medicament prevention and treatment is carried out by unmanned aerial vehicle spraying or manual spraying according to the regulations of GB/T8321 (all parts) and NY/T1276.
Preferably, the step S7 of harvesting fresh leaves specifically includes: collecting fresh leaves of the leaf of the cymbidium below 4 th leaf at the top of the plant. Harvesting according to the growth condition of the leaves of the cymbidium, wherein the harvesting can be performed for 1 time every 45-60 days for 4-9 months; harvesting for 1 time every 60-70 days in 9 months-2 months next year. The harvesting can be carried out 5 to 7 times per year.
Preferably, the fresh leaves are harvested by using a semi-mechanical electric leaf cutter.
Further preferably, the step S8 of quality detection specifically includes: and (3) carrying out leaf detection and leaf preservation on the leaves of the cymbidium goeringii collected in the step S7.
Preferably, the leaf detection is to carry out the quality safety detection of fresh leaves of the cymbidium leaves on a rapid detector for the residues and heavy metals of the cymbidium She Nongyao, so as to ensure the quality safety of the cymbidium leaves.
Preferably, the blade preservation adopts a refrigeration preservation method, and the temperature is controlled at 2-8 ℃.
The beneficial effects are that:
1. the leaves of the banjo in rubber forests are planted in a wide and narrow row mode, a full-period banjo mode rubber garden is established, and the resource utilization rate is improved.
2. According to the frontal biological effect between the rubber forest and the cymbidium faberi leaves, the inventor particularly develops a intercropping mode which does not influence the rubber yield of the rubber forest, can greatly develop the cymbidium faberi leaves, can realize the complementation and resource sharing of the two industries of the rubber and the cymbidium faberi leaves, and can realize the high-quality development.
3. By planting the cymbidium leaves under the rubber forest, the water retention capacity of the cymbidium She Genji can reduce the water and soil loss of the lower land of the rubber forest, reduce the morbidity of rubber trees, improve the ecological environment of the rubber garden, and increase the ecological effects of carbon fixation, oxygen release, water conservation and the like.
4. By utilizing the removal effect of the rubber forest on the insect pest moth larvae, locust, snail and slug organisms of the leaf of the cymbidium, mating during the pest imago prevention and control period is combined with agricultural prevention and control, biological prevention and control, physical prevention and control and medicament prevention and control, the ecological cycle of the planting industry is achieved, and the economic benefit of the rubber forest is further increased.
5. The garden is tidied before the cymbidium She Dingzhi, the base fertilizer is applied by ditching, the soil fertility is enhanced, and the micro-droplet irrigation facilities are paved, so that the survival rate of the cymbidium She Chongmiao is improved. And selecting seedlings, so that the consistency of the seedlings of the leaves of the cymbidium is improved. Seedling management is carried out according to the actual condition of the rubber garden, so that fertilization, weeding and irrigation are carried out, and the land yield is improved.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a method for planting cymbidium kanran leaves under rubber forests, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a garden.
S2: and selecting rubber forest.
S3: and (5) tidying the garden.
S4: selecting seedlings.
S5: and (5) seedling management.
S6: and (5) field management.
S7: and (5) harvesting fresh leaves.
S8: and (5) quality detection.
The selecting garden in the step S1 specifically comprises the following steps: a flat land or a gentle slope land rubber garden with an altitude of 200m is selected, the annual average temperature is more than 21 ℃, the cold injury is less, the annual rainfall is 1200mm, irrigation and drainage are more convenient, and red soil with good ecological conditions is used. The floor area of the rubber forest is 6.67hm 2 。
The low cold damage means that the temperature is mostly at the low temperature above 0 ℃ and no harm is caused to temperature-preference plants.
The irrigation and drainage convenience means that sufficient water sources and good irrigation equipment are arranged around the forest land, so that the irrigation requirement of the rubber forest is met.
The step S2 is to select a rubber forest specifically as follows: the planting density is selected to be 400 plants/hm 2 The planting mode is wide-narrow row planting, the plant row spacing is 1m, the narrow row is 4m, the wide row is 23m, and the canopy density is 0.4.
The garden arrangement in the step S3 is specifically as follows: and (3) carrying out soil preparation, tillage, ditching, fertilization and water spraying irrigation on the garden.
The soil preparation and tillage depth is 20cm, the ditching and fertilizing amount is 500kg, and the water spraying irrigation mode is spray irrigation.
The step S4: the seedling selection comprises the following steps: selecting a plat She Chongmiao, wherein tissue culture seedlings or tillering seedlings are adopted as seedlings, detoxified healthy seedlings are adopted as the tissue culture seedlings, and the seedling height is 12cm; tillering seedling adopts seedling with healthy and developed root system, and the seedling height is 17cm. The bagged seedlings should be sun-dried for 30 days before seedling cultivation and transplanting in the greenhouse.
The seedling management in the step S5 specifically comprises the following steps: setting the planting density of the cymbidium faberi leaf seedlings within a fixed value time, wherein the fixed value is in a rubber forest.
The fixed value time is 5 months.
The plant-row spacing of the cymbidium faberi seedling is 40 multiplied by 60cm, and the planting density is 18000 plants/hm 2 ，
The planting quantity is 6 ten thousand plants.
The planting density of the cymbidium parviflora seedlings is based on the degree of rubber forest depression, namely the degree of rubber forest depression is small, and the row spacing specification of the field planting plants is small; the canopy density is high, and the row spacing specification of the field planting plants is preferably high. Meanwhile, plant row spacing is conveniently and properly adjusted according to the mechanized operation of the rubber garden.
The method for setting the value comprises the following steps: and (5) removing the cymbidium She Yomiao device at fixed value, placing the seedlings into planting holes, and setting the planting depth to ensure that the cymbidium She Chongmiao root clusters are 5cm below the ground, returning soil, righting and compacting. And (5) irrigating root fixing water after field planting.
The step S6 of field management specifically comprises the following steps: and adopting standardized measures to regularly carry out the treatment of the cymbidium She Jiao tank, weeding, fertilizing and pest control.
The irrigation method comprises the following steps: irrigation is carried out once every two days at the temperature of the seedling stage of more than 35 ℃; the harvesting period is to regularly water the cymbidium She Jiaoshui, 1 time per week in dry season and 1 time per month in rainy season, and irrigation is preferable in early morning or afternoon.
The weeding method comprises the following steps: weeding the plagiosa leaf planting land by adopting a spraying herbicide, weeding intercropping according to the weed growth condition, wherein the weeding is carried out 1 time per month in rainy season and 1 time per two months in dry season.
The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: in the seedling stage, 50g of compound microorganism liquid bacterial manure is used for each plant, and 2 times per month. Additional fertilizer is applied for 1 time in 6-8 months after field planting. Each 666.7m2 of urea is applied 15 kg-20 kg, and each plant uses 100 g-150 g of compound microorganism liquid bacterial fertilizer. The harvesting period takes biological fertilizer and organic fertilizer as main materials and fertilizer as auxiliary materials, and the fertilizer is applied for 2-3 times per year. Each 666.7m2 of the microbial fertilizer is applied with 100 kg-150 kg of organic fertilizer or 25 kg-30 kg of urea, and the microbial fertilizer is applied with water after rain or is applied with water after water, or each plant uses 100 g-150 g of compound microbial fertilizer.
The pest control is to control stem rot, phomopsis and phomopsis, and main pests are moth larvae, locust, snail and slug.
The prevention measures for pest control comprise: agricultural control, physical control and biological control measures, and a drug control technology is scientifically and safely used. The agricultural control is focused on strengthening seedling quarantine, draining field ponding in time, preventing quarantine diseases from spreading and reducing germ breeding conditions. The physical control adopts artificial pinching to remove moth larvae or insect egg masses; the biological control adopts a compound microorganism bacterial manure to carry out bacterial control; the medicament prevention and treatment is carried out by unmanned aerial vehicle spraying or manual spraying according to the regulations of GB/T8321 (all parts) and NY/T1276.
The step S7 of fresh leaf harvesting specifically comprises the following steps: collecting fresh leaves of the leaf of the cymbidium below 4 th leaf at the top of the plant. Harvesting according to the growth condition of the leaves of the cymbidium, wherein the harvesting can be performed for 1 time every 45-60 days for 4-9 months; harvesting for 1 time every 60-70 days in 9 months-2 months next year. The harvesting can be carried out 5 to 7 times per year.
And the fresh leaves are harvested by using a semi-mechanical electric leaf cutter.
The step S8 of quality detection specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out leaf detection and leaf preservation on the leaves of the cymbidium goeringii collected in the step S7.
The leaf detection is that the quick detector for the residue of the cymbidium She Nongyao and heavy metals carries out the quality safety detection of the fresh leaves of the cymbidium leaves, so that the quality safety of the cymbidium leaves is ensured.
The leaf preservation adopts a refrigeration preservation method, and the temperature is controlled at 2-8 ℃.
Example 2
This example 2 discloses a method for interplanting cymbidium kanran leaves under rubber forests, which comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a garden.
S2: and selecting rubber forest.
S3: and (5) tidying the garden.
S4: selecting seedlings.
S5: and (5) seedling management.
S6: and (5) field management.
S7: and (5) harvesting fresh leaves.
S8: and (5) quality detection.
The selecting garden in the step S1 specifically comprises the following steps: a flat land or a gentle slope land rubber garden with the altitude of 300m is selected, the annual average temperature is more than 21 ℃, the cold injury is less, the annual rainfall is 1200mm, irrigation and drainage are more convenient, and red soil with good ecological conditions is adopted. The floor area of the rubber forest is 6.67hm 2 。
The low cold damage means that the temperature is mostly at the low temperature above 0 ℃ and no harm is caused to temperature-preference plants.
The irrigation and drainage convenience means that sufficient water sources and good irrigation equipment are arranged around the forest land, so that the irrigation requirement of the rubber forest is met.
The step S2 is characterized in that the rubber forest is selected as follows: the method comprises the steps of selecting rubber forests with the planting density of 500 plants/hm 2, the planting mode of wide and narrow row planting, the plant row spacing of 1m, the narrow row of 4m, the wide row of 36m and the canopy density of 0.5.
The garden arrangement in the step S3 is specifically as follows: and (3) carrying out soil preparation, tillage, ditching, fertilization and water spraying irrigation on the garden.
The soil preparation and tillage depth is 25cm, the ditching and fertilizing amount is 1000kg, and the water spraying irrigation mode is spray irrigation.
The step S4: the seedling selection comprises the following steps: selecting a plat She Chongmiao, wherein tissue culture seedlings or tillering seedlings are adopted as seedlings, detoxified healthy seedlings are adopted as the tissue culture seedlings, and the seedling height is 15cm; tillering seedling adopts seedling with healthy and developed root system, and the seedling height is 20cm. The bagged seedlings should be sun-dried for 30 days before seedling cultivation and transplanting in the greenhouse.
The seedling management in the step S5 specifically comprises the following steps: setting the planting density of the cymbidium faberi leaf seedlings within a fixed value time, wherein the fixed value is in a rubber forest.
The fixed value time is 8 months.
The plant row spacing of the cymbidium faberi seedling is 70 multiplied by 80cm, the planting density is 12000 plants/hm < 2 >, and the planting quantity is 4 ten thousand plants.
The planting density of the cymbidium parviflora seedlings is based on the degree of rubber forest depression, namely the degree of rubber forest depression is small, and the row spacing specification of the field planting plants is small; the canopy density is high, and the row spacing specification of the field planting plants is preferably high. Meanwhile, plant row spacing is conveniently and properly adjusted according to the mechanized operation of the rubber garden.
The method for setting the value comprises the following steps: and (5) removing the cymbidium She Yomiao device at fixed value, placing the seedlings into planting holes, and setting the planting depth to ensure that the cymbidium She Chongmiao root clusters are 5cm below the ground, returning soil, righting and compacting. And (5) irrigating root fixing water after field planting.
The step S6 of field management specifically comprises the following steps: and adopting standardized measures to regularly carry out the treatment of the cymbidium She Jiao tank, weeding, fertilizing and pest control.
The irrigation method comprises the following steps: irrigation is carried out once every two days at the temperature of the seedling stage of more than 35 ℃; the harvesting period is to regularly water the cymbidium She Jiaoshui, 1 time per week in dry season and 1 time per month in rainy season, and irrigation is preferable in early morning or afternoon.
The weeding method comprises the following steps: weeding the plagiosa leaf planting land by adopting a spraying herbicide, weeding intercropping according to the weed growth condition, wherein the weeding is carried out 1 time per month in rainy season and 1 time per two months in dry season.
The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: in the seedling stage, 50g of compound microorganism liquid bacterial manure is used for each plant, and 2 times per month. Additional fertilizer is applied for 1 time in 6-8 months after field planting. Each 666.7m2 of urea is applied 15 kg-20 kg, and each plant uses 100 g-150 g of compound microorganism liquid bacterial fertilizer. The harvesting period takes biological fertilizer and organic fertilizer as main materials and fertilizer as auxiliary materials, and the fertilizer is applied for 2-3 times per year. Each 666.7m2 of the microbial fertilizer is applied with 100 kg-150 kg of organic fertilizer or 25 kg-30 kg of urea, and the microbial fertilizer is applied with water after rain or is applied with water after water, or each plant uses 100 g-150 g of compound microbial fertilizer.
The pest control is to control stem rot, phomopsis and phomopsis, and main pests are moth larvae, locust, snail and slug.
The prevention measures for pest control comprise: agricultural control, physical control and biological control measures, and a drug control technology is scientifically and safely used. The agricultural control is focused on strengthening seedling quarantine, draining field ponding in time, preventing quarantine diseases from spreading and reducing germ breeding conditions. The physical control adopts artificial pinching to remove moth larvae or insect egg masses; the biological control adopts a compound microorganism bacterial manure to carry out bacterial control; the medicament prevention and treatment is carried out by unmanned aerial vehicle spraying or manual spraying according to the regulations of GB/T8321 (all parts) and NY/T1276.
The step S7 of fresh leaf harvesting specifically comprises the following steps: collecting fresh leaves of the leaf of the cymbidium below 4 th leaf at the top of the plant. Harvesting according to the growth condition of the leaves of the cymbidium, wherein the harvesting can be performed for 1 time every 45-60 days for 4-9 months; harvesting for 1 time every 60-70 days in 9 months-2 months next year. The harvesting can be carried out 5 to 7 times per year.
And the fresh leaves are harvested by using a semi-mechanical electric leaf cutter.
The step S8 of quality detection specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out leaf detection and leaf preservation on the leaves of the cymbidium goeringii collected in the step S7.
The leaf detection is that the quick detector for the residue of the cymbidium She Nongyao and heavy metals carries out the quality safety detection of the fresh leaves of the cymbidium leaves, so that the quality safety of the cymbidium leaves is ensured.
The leaf preservation adopts a refrigeration preservation method, and the temperature is controlled at 2-8 ℃.
Example 3
This example 3 discloses a method for interplanting cymbidium kanran leaves under rubber forests, which comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a garden.
S2: and selecting rubber forest.
S3: and (5) tidying the garden.
S4: selecting seedlings.
S5: and (5) seedling management.
S6: and (5) field management.
S7: and (5) harvesting fresh leaves.
S8: and (5) quality detection.
The selecting garden in the step S1 specifically comprises the following steps: elevation of choice 250m of flat land or gentle slope land rubber garden with annual average temperature of more than 21 ℃ and less cold injury, annual rainfall of 1220mm, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and red soil with good ecological condition is used. The floor area of the rubber forest is 6.67hm 2 。
The low cold damage means that the temperature is mostly at the low temperature above 0 ℃ and no harm is caused to temperature-preference plants.
The irrigation and drainage convenience means that sufficient water sources and good irrigation equipment are arranged around the forest land, so that the irrigation requirement of the rubber forest is met.
The step S2 is characterized in that the rubber forest is selected as follows: the planting density is selected to be 450 plants/hm 2 The planting mode is wide-narrow row planting, the plant row spacing is 2m, the narrow row is 4m, the wide row is 18m, and the canopy density is 0.45.
The garden arrangement in the step S3 is specifically as follows: and (3) carrying out soil preparation, tillage, ditching, fertilization and water spraying irrigation on the garden.
The soil preparation and tillage depth is 22cm, the ditching and fertilizing amount is 600kg, and the water spraying irrigation mode is spray irrigation.
The step S4: the seedling selection comprises the following steps: selecting a plat She Chongmiao, wherein tissue culture seedlings or tillering seedlings are adopted as seedlings, detoxified healthy seedlings are adopted as the tissue culture seedlings, and the seedling height is 13cm; tillering seedling adopts seedling with healthy and developed root system, and the seedling height is 18cm. The bagged seedlings should be sun-dried for 30 days before seedling cultivation and transplanting in the greenhouse.
The seedling management in the step S5 specifically comprises the following steps: setting the planting density of the cymbidium faberi leaf seedlings within a fixed value time, wherein the fixed value is in a rubber forest.
The fixed value time is 6 months.
The plant row spacing of the cymbidium faberi seedling is 40 multiplied by 80cm, the planting density is 15000 plants/hm < 2 >, and the planting quantity is 5 ten thousand plants.
The planting density is based on the degree of rubber forest depression, namely the degree of rubber forest depression is small, and the row spacing specification of the field planting plants is small; the canopy density is high, and the row spacing specification of the field planting plants is preferably high. Meanwhile, plant row spacing is conveniently and properly adjusted according to the mechanized operation of the rubber garden.
The method for setting the value comprises the following steps: and (5) removing the cymbidium She Yomiao device at fixed value, placing the seedlings into planting holes, and setting the planting depth to ensure that the cymbidium She Chongmiao root clusters are 5cm below the ground, returning soil, righting and compacting. And (5) irrigating root fixing water after field planting.
The step S6 of field management specifically comprises the following steps: and adopting standardized measures to regularly carry out the treatment of the cymbidium She Jiao tank, weeding, fertilizing and pest control.
The irrigation method comprises the following steps: irrigation is carried out once every two days at the temperature of the seedling stage of more than 35 ℃; the harvesting period is to regularly water the cymbidium She Jiaoshui, 1 time per week in dry season and 1 time per month in rainy season, and irrigation is preferable in early morning or afternoon.
The weeding method comprises the following steps: weeding the plagiosa leaf planting land by adopting a spraying herbicide, weeding intercropping according to the weed growth condition, wherein the weeding is carried out 1 time per month in rainy season and 1 time per two months in dry season.
The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: in the seedling stage, 50g of compound microorganism liquid bacterial manure is used for each plant, and 2 times per month. Additional fertilizer is applied for 1 time in 6-8 months after field planting. Each 666.7m2 of urea is applied 15 kg-20 kg, and each plant uses 100 g-150 g of compound microorganism liquid bacterial fertilizer. The harvesting period takes biological fertilizer and organic fertilizer as main materials and fertilizer as auxiliary materials, and the fertilizer is applied for 2-3 times per year. Every 666.7m 2 Each time, 100 kg-150 kg of organic fertilizer or 25 kg-30 kg of urea is applied, and the organic fertilizer is sprayed or irrigated after the organic fertilizer is sprayed after rain, or 100 g-150 g of compound microbial fertilizer is used for each plant.
The pest control is to control stem rot, phomopsis and phomopsis, and main pests are moth larvae, locust, snail and slug.
The prevention measures for pest control comprise: agricultural control, physical control and biological control measures, and a drug control technology is scientifically and safely used. The agricultural control is focused on strengthening seedling quarantine, draining field ponding in time, preventing quarantine diseases from spreading and reducing germ breeding conditions. The physical control adopts artificial pinching to remove moth larvae or insect egg masses; the biological control adopts a compound microorganism bacterial manure to carry out bacterial control; the medicament prevention and treatment is carried out by unmanned aerial vehicle spraying or manual spraying according to the regulations of GB/T8321 (all parts) and NY/T1276.
The step S7 of fresh leaf harvesting specifically comprises the following steps: collecting fresh leaves of the leaf of the cymbidium below 4 th leaf at the top of the plant. Harvesting according to the growth condition of the leaves of the cymbidium, wherein the harvesting can be performed for 1 time every 45-60 days for 4-9 months; harvesting for 1 time every 60-70 days in 9 months-2 months next year. The harvesting can be carried out 5 to 7 times per year.
And the fresh leaves are harvested by using a semi-mechanical electric leaf cutter.
The step S8 of quality detection specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out leaf detection and leaf preservation on the leaves of the cymbidium goeringii collected in the step S7.
The leaf detection is that the quick detector for the residue of the cymbidium She Nongyao and heavy metals carries out the quality safety detection of the fresh leaves of the cymbidium leaves, so that the quality safety of the cymbidium leaves is ensured.
The leaf preservation adopts a refrigeration preservation method, and the temperature is controlled at 2-8 ℃.
Comparative example 1
The plant row spacing of the cymbidium faberi seedling is 70 multiplied by 80cm, and the planting density is 12000 plants/hm 2 The planting quantity is 4 ten thousand plants. The fixed time was 9 months, and the rest was the same as in example 3. The floor area of the rubber forest is 6.67hm 2 。
Comparative example 2
The plant-row spacing of the cymbidium faberi seedling is 40 multiplied by 60cm, and the planting density is 18000 plants/hm 2 The planting quantity is 6 ten thousand plants. The fixed time was 9 months, and the rest was the same as in example 3. .
Performance testingTaking example 3 as an example, the following data were calculated:
1. cost value
6.67hm of intercropping plague leaf base under rubber garden 2 (practical 3.33 hm) 2 ) The basic investment cost is 30.00 ten thousand yuan, and the average investment cost is 2.00 ten thousand yuan/year calculated according to 15 years of the economic life of the cymbidium leaves. Wherein: the existing rubber garden is utilized without paying land rents, 5 ten thousand plants×4 yuan/plant=20.00 ten thousand yuan is purchased, land preparation and soil ploughing are performed by 3.33hmh ×0.30 ten thousand yuan/hmh =1.00 ten thousand yuan, base fertilizer application is performed by 3.33hmh ×0.60 ten yuan/hmh =2.00 ten thousand yuan, irrigation system construction is performed by 3.33hmh ×0.90 ten yuan/hmh =3.00 ten yuan, manual permanent planting expenditure is performed by 50 people×2d×200 yuan/person h d =2.00 ten thousand yuan, and agricultural tools and the like are purchased for spraying and harvesting 2.00 ten thousand yuan. The average input cost is 2.00 ten thousand yuan/year calculated according to the 15 years of the economic life of the cymbidium leaves.
The daily management cost of the base is 9.20 ten thousand yuan/year. Wherein: 6.67hm of field management 2 1 person is added on the basis of 1 person of the original rubber forest worker, and then 1 person is multiplied by 4.20 ten thousand yuan/person per year=4.20 ten thousand yuan; fertilizer, water and production data 3.33hmh ×1.5 ten thousand yuan/hmh =5.00 ten thousand yuan. The cost of the base harvesting and selling links is 16.46 ten thousand yuan/year. Wherein: harvesting by a semi-mechanical electric leaf cutter, wherein each person can harvest 200kg each day. Harvest leaves 82500 kg/200 kg/person=413 person times, 413 person times x 200 yuan/person=8.26 ten thousand yuan; for each 2000kg of truck transport, 82500 kg/2000 kg=41 times, 41 times×2000 yuan/time=8.20 ten thousand yuan.
Then 6.67hm 2 The construction investment cost of the intercropping base under the rubber forest is 30.00 ten thousand yuan (2.00 ten thousand yuan each year), and the cost of management, harvesting and selling links per year is 25.66 ten thousand yuan.
2. Theoretical benefit
6.67hm of intercropping plague leaf base under rubber garden 2 (practical 3.33 hm) 2 ) The leaves of the cymbidium can be harvested 7-8 months after planting, and can be harvested 5-7 times per year, and each time fresh leaves 3750-4500 kg/hm are produced 2 The annual fresh leaves 24750kg/hm calculated by the average 6 times of fresh leaves 4125kg each time 2 The annual fresh leaves are 82500kg.
The annual sales income of the cymbidium leaves is calculated according to the market price of 6.00 yuan/kg. 82500kg x 6 yuan/kg=49.5 ten thousand yuan. According to 6.67hm of rubber garden 2 Calculated, the annual new production value is about 74250 yuan/hm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 3.8kg of dry rubber of single plant of the rubber tree is per 450 plants/hm of the rubber tree 2 Calculating 1713kg/hm dry adhesive per unit 2 The dry glue is calculated according to the market price of 10000 yuan/t, and the annual output value of the dry glue is 17130 yuan/hm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The comprehensive benefit is 91380 yuan/hm 2 。
Annual revenue generation = annual sales revenue-annual input cost. Then 6.67hm 2 Annual income of intercropping base under rubber forest=49.50-2.00-25.66-21.84 ten thousand yuan. The net revenue is 32758 yuan/hmh.
The calculated theoretical gains for examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-2 are reported in Table 1 according to the algorithm described above.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the optimum net benefit is obtained for the planting densities of the rubber forest and the leaf of the Murraya koenigii only in the case of example 3.
Claims (10)
1. A method for planting cymbidium kanran leaves under rubber forests, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1: selecting a garden; s2: selecting a rubber forest; s3: arranging a garden; s4: selecting seedlings; s5: seedling management; s6: performing field management; s7: harvesting fresh leaves; s8: and (5) quality detection.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said step S1: the selection garden specifically comprises the following steps: a flat land or a gentle slope land rubber garden with the altitude below 400m is selected, the annual average temperature is above 21 ℃, the cold damage is less, the annual rainfall is more than 1200mm, irrigation and drainage are more convenient, and red soil or brick red soil with good ecological conditions is adopted.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that said step S2: the rubber forest is specifically selected as follows: selecting plant density of 400-500 plants/hm 2 The planting mode is wide-narrow row planting, the plant row spacing is 1-3m, the narrow row is 4m, the wide row is 16-50m, and the canopy density is 0.3-0.6.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that said step S3: the arrangement garden specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out soil preparation, tillage, ditching, fertilization and water spraying irrigation on the garden.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said step S4: the seedling selection comprises the following steps: selecting a plat She Chongmiao, wherein tissue culture seedlings or tillering seedlings are adopted as seedlings, detoxified healthy seedlings are adopted as the tissue culture seedlings, and the seedling height is 10 cm-20 cm; tillering seedlings adopt seedlings with healthy and developed root systems, and the heights of the seedlings are 15 cm-30 cm; the bagged seedlings should be sun-dried for 30 days before seedling cultivation and transplanting in the greenhouse.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein said step S5: seedling management specifically comprises: setting the planting density of the cymbidium faberi leaf seedlings within a fixed value time, wherein the fixed value is in a rubber forest.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the fixed value time is 4-9 months, and the planting density of the cymbidium faberi seedlings is 12000-18000 plants/hm 2 。
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S6 of field management is specifically: and adopting standardized measures to regularly carry out the treatment of the cymbidium She Jiao tank, weeding, fertilizing and pest control.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the pest control is control of stem rot, phomopsis and phomopsis, and the main pests are moth larvae, locust, snails and slugs.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S7 of fresh leaf harvesting is specifically: harvesting fresh leaves of the cymbidium leaves below the 4 th leaf at the top of the plant, harvesting according to the growth condition of the cymbidium leaves, wherein the harvesting can be performed for 1 time every 45-60 days for 4-9 months; the harvesting is carried out for 1 time every 60-70 days and 5-7 times every year in 9 months to 2 months next year.
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