CN116831247B - Additive for breeding of seed fish of sinocyclocheilus grahami and application of additive in artificial propagation - Google Patents
Additive for breeding of seed fish of sinocyclocheilus grahami and application of additive in artificial propagation Download PDFInfo
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- CN116831247B CN116831247B CN202310738302.8A CN202310738302A CN116831247B CN 116831247 B CN116831247 B CN 116831247B CN 202310738302 A CN202310738302 A CN 202310738302A CN 116831247 B CN116831247 B CN 116831247B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Abstract
The invention provides a breeding additive for a breeding fish of a sinocyclocheilus grahami and application thereof in artificial propagation, wherein the breeding additive for the breeding fish of the sinocyclocheilus grahami comprises basic feed and a dry powder composition, and the mass of the dry powder composition accounts for 20-35% of the total mass of the breeding additive; based on the dry powder composition, the dry powder composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of dragonfly larva powder and 30-50 parts of sand worm powder. Can promote the development of spermary of the male split-isthmus seed fish, improve sperm quality and fertilization success rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a breeding additive for a sinocyclocheilus grahami and application thereof in artificial propagation.
Background
The split-gorgeous cheilus belongs to the order of cyprinid, the family of cyprinid, the split-gorgeous cheilus belongs to the genus of cyprinid, and is mainly distributed in the downstream river basin of the Langjiang in China, and is mainly distributed in the Zhuga river and the Malaya in foreign countries. The split-gorge cheilus is a species representative of fishes at the downstream of the lan, and is an important economic fish in the producing area. In recent years, due to the requirement of social and economic development, a plurality of large hydropower stations are established in the trunk river channel of the lan cangjiang, so that the ecological environment of the water area is changed dramatically, the perching environment of the split gorge cheilus is destroyed, the population reproduction is disturbed, and the population quantity is continuously reduced; in addition, the influence of excessive fishing, water pollution and the like is also exerted on the resources of the Langjiang fish. However, there are few reports of biological studies on the split sinocyclocheilus. In view of this, a variety of fish breeding additives are proposed for the study of the sinocyclocheilus, which is one of the important ways to promote the success of artificial breeding of sinocyclocheilus.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breeding additive for a spinus grahami breeding fish and application of the breeding additive in artificial propagation of the spinus grahami breeding fish, so as to promote the development and maturation of sperms of male spinus grahami breeding fish of the spinus grahami, and improve sperm quality and fertilization success rate.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a breeding additive for a species of a sinocyclocheilus grahami, comprising a basic feed and a dry powder composition, wherein the mass of the dry powder composition accounts for 20-35% of the total mass of the breeding additive; based on the dry powder composition, the dry powder composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of dragonfly larva powder and 30-50 parts of sand worm powder.
For fish, the nutrition supply in the reproduction stage is critical to the gonad development of parent fish, the quality of gametes and the growth of larvae, and the sexual maturity, gonad development, fertility rate, hatchability, quality and survival rate of ova of the parent fish are closely related to the nutrition condition of the feed. The dragonfly larva powder and the sandworm powder contained in the breeding fish breeding additive provided by the invention have the characteristics of high protein and low fat, and are very suitable for feeding the split sinocyclocheilus; the dragonfly larva powder has high amino acid content and rich Ca and Se elements and contains alpha-tocopherol with extremely strong activity, wherein the organic selenium contained in the dragonfly larva powder can act with the alpha-tocopherol to play a role in promoting the development of the spermary of the sinocyclocheilus, so that the sinocyclocheilus of the stramineus generates high-activity and high-quantity sperms.
The sargassum powder contains cordycepin and cordyceps polysaccharide, and firstly, the cordycepin and the cordyceps polysaccharide can improve the hematopoietic function of the split-isthmus, so that the physiological metabolism of cells is enhanced, the cell life is prolonged, the ATP content of sperms is improved, the motility of sperms is improved, and the success probability of fertilization of sperms and oocytes is improved; secondly, the cordycepin can promote the synthesis of testosterone in testicular interstitial cells, further improve the concentration of testosterone in serum, has the special effects of activating cells and protecting the genetic code of life bodies, and can further improve the survival rate of offspring of the sinocyclocheilus grahami.
More importantly, the cordycepin in the sargassum powder can promote the alpha-tocopherol to induce the bodies of the sinocyclocheilus grahami to increase the production capacity of superoxide dismutase, and the superoxide dismutase is used as the main antioxidant enzyme in the seminal plasma, so that the quality and sperm activity of the seminal fluid in the sinocyclocheilus grahami spermary can be improved by increasing the content of the superoxide dismutase; meanwhile, the arginine in the dragonfly larva powder can further improve the activity of superoxide dismutase in the seminal plasma, and further improve the quality of semen and sperm activity in the spermary of the sinocyclocheilus grahami, so that the fertilization success rate and the fertilized egg hatching rate of the sinocyclocheilus grahami are obviously improved.
Preferably, the dry powder composition further comprises 1.5 to 3 parts of magnolia extract, based on the dry powder composition.
Preferably, the dry powder composition further comprises 2.1 to 2.7 parts of magnolia extract, based on the dry powder composition.
Preferably, the magnolia bud extract is prepared by the following steps:
step one: mixing the magnolia bud with water, boiling and cooling; taking out the cooked magnolia buds, soaking the magnolia buds in water, taking out the soaked magnolia buds, airing, and grinding to obtain magnolia bud powder;
step two: mixing the magnolia bud powder with ethanol, heating and refluxing, collecting filtrate, and drying to obtain magnolia bud extract.
Preferably, in the first step, the boiling time of the magnolia buds after being mixed with water is 15-30min, and the soaking time of the magnolia buds after being cooked in water is 2-4 d.
Preferably, in the second step, the volume ratio of the mass of the magnolia bud powder to the ethanol is 1:20-40, wherein the heating time is 1-1.5h, and the mass concentration of the ethanol is 70-90%.
Firstly, removing tannin which causes bitter taste in magnolia buds through heating and soaking, so as to improve the palatability of the magnolia buds as feed; and the magnolia bud extract contains plant sterol and gallic acid, wherein the plant sterol can effectively improve the utilization rate of the seed fish to the protein in the dry powder composition and promote the digestion and absorption of the protein in the dry powder composition, and the gallic acid has the effect of combining the protein of the dry powder composition and preventing the degradation of the protein by microorganisms, and the plant sterol and the gallic acid act together, so that the protein utilization rate of the seed fish to the high-protein feed can be obviously improved, the growth and development of the seed fish are promoted, the condition that the ammonia nitrogen content exceeds the standard in a water body is avoided, and the condition that the male parent fish spermary is prevented from developing mature and even is poisoned and dead due to the accumulation of the ammonia nitrogen in the water body in the cultivation process of the seed fish is avoided.
Finally, the terpenoid contained in the magnolia bud extract can act together with lysine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid in dragonfly larva dry powder, so that the feeding promoting effect on the split-gorge cheilus is remarkable, the appetite of the split-gorge cheilus and the gastrointestinal peristalsis of the split-gorge cheilus can be promoted, the efficiency of intestinal absorption and utilization of nutrients is remarkably improved, the development maturity of spermary is improved, the generation of superoxide dismutase in split-gorge cheilus is further promoted, the sperm quantity, sperm activity and sperm quality are further improved, the fertilization success rate and fertilized egg hatching rate of the artificial propagation of the split-gorge cheilus are improved, and the success rate of the artificial propagation of the split-gorge cheilus is further improved.
Preferably, the basic feed comprises the following components in parts by weight based on the basic feed: 10-25 parts of bean pulp powder, 30-40 parts of peanut pulp, 40-52 parts of wheat germ, 0.15-0.25 part of compound vitamin and 0.5-1 part of compound mineral.
Besides providing basic nutrients such as protein, amino acid, fat, fatty acid, sugar, mineral substances and other nutrients for the growth of the species of the sinocyclocheilus grahami, the eicosatetraenoic acid contained in the peanut meal of the basic feed stimulates the interstitial cells and lobular world cells in the spermary to generate testosterone through conversion into PGE2, can secrete male hormones such as testosterone, testosterone 11-ate and prostaglandin, and the testosterone 11-ate and testosterone can regulate the growth and development of gonads and the appearance of secondary sex characteristics, and can regulate the secretion of hypothalamic release hormone and pituitary gonadotrophin through the feedback effect, so that the effect of regulating fish reproduction is achieved; the prostaglandin secretion can promote the increase of testosterone secretion, and can directly stimulate the secretion activity of testicular interstitial cells, thereby being beneficial to improving the sperm quantity and sperm motility of the sinocyclocheilus.
Preferably, based on the compound vitamin, the compound vitamin comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.45 to 1 part of vitamin A, 0.015 to 0.025 part of vitamin D3, 4 to 8 parts of vitamin K3, 8 to 12 parts of vitamin B1, 14 to 16 parts of vitamin B2, 18 to 22 parts of vitamin B6 and 0.02 to 0.04 part of vitamin B12.
By adding the compound vitamins, indispensable trace elements are provided for maintaining the growth and development of fish bodies and the metabolism of organisms, and the growth and development of the gonads of the split-isthmus species fish are facilitated.
Preferably, based on the composite mineral, the composite mineral comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 to 7 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3 to 4 parts of calcium carbonate, 7 to 9 parts of ferrous fumarate and 4 to 6 parts of zinc gluconate.
By adding the composite mineral matters, the electrolyte balance of the split grahami breeding fish body is maintained, the osmotic pressure is induced stably, the appetite of the split grahami breeding fish is promoted to be improved, and the nutrient absorption degree is improved, so that the reproduction performance of the split grahami breeding fish is improved.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides the use of a breeding additive for the species of the species cyclocheilus grahami in artificial reproduction.
By feeding the breeding fish cultivation additive in the breeding fish cultivation process, the absorption of the breeding fish to nutrient substances and the growth and development of the breeding fish are promoted, so that the development degree of the spermary of the breeding fish is good, the activity of sperm of the breeding fish and the sperm quality are improved, and the fertilization success rate of the ovum and the hatching success rate of the fertilized ovum in the artificial cultivation process are further improved.
Preferably, in the artificial propagation process of the sinocyclocheilus grahami, the breeding additive is used for feeding the sinocyclocheilus grahami seed fish, and the daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the weight of the seed fish, and the seed fish is fed once in the morning, in the middle and in the evening.
Preferably, the water temperature is kept at 18-25 ℃ in the process of feeding the split sinocyclocheilus grahami; the feeding amount is reduced to 1/2 of the original feeding amount in the first month before artificial propagation.
The temperature and the feeding amount of the water body are strictly controlled in the artificial propagation stage, so that the breeding habit of the sinocyclocheilus grahami is met, and the growth and development of the sinocyclocheilus grahami are promoted.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following description will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1. Preparation of breeding fish cultivation additive
A breeding additive for a seed fish of a sinocyclocheilus grahami, comprising a basic feed and a dry powder composition: the mass of the dry powder composition accounts for 28% of the total mass of the cultivation additive, and the mass of the basic feed accounts for 72% of the total mass of the cultivation additive;
based on the dry powder composition, the dry powder composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50g of dragonfly larva powder and 40g of sandworm powder;
based on basic feed, the basic feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12g of soybean meal, 35g of peanut meal, 46g of wheat germ and 0.2g of compound vitamin: wherein the vitamin B compound comprises 0.75g of vitamin A, 0.02g of vitamin D3, 6g of vitamin K3, 10g of vitamin B1, 15g of vitamin B2, 20g of vitamin B6, 0.03g of vitamin B12 and 0.75g of compound mineral substance: which comprises 6g of magnesium sulfate, 3.5g of calcium carbonate, 8g of ferrous fumarate and 5g of zinc gluconate;
and weighing the obtained dry powder composition and basic feed according to the respective proportion of the dry powder composition and the basic feed in the cultivation additive, and mixing to obtain the breeding fish cultivation additive suitable for the sinocyclocheilus grahami.
2. Application of breeding additive for breeding of sinocyclocheilus grahami in artificial propagation
An artificial propagation method suitable for the species of the sinocyclocheilus grahami comprises the following steps:
a. breeding fish: selecting a good-development and healthy split sinocyclocheilus as a breeding fish, and controlling the proportion of male to female to be 1: (1.0-1.5), regulating and controlling the water temperature to rise gradually, feeding the breeding fish cultivation additive when the water temperature is above 18-25 ℃, wherein the daily feeding amount is 4% of the weight of the breeding fish, feeding the breeding fish once in the morning, in the middle and at the evening, and reducing the feeding amount to 1/2 of the original feeding amount one month before artificial propagation; flushing once a day to promote the gonadal maturation of the sinocyclocheilus grahami;
b. spawning induction of fish: injecting oxytocin into chest cavity of selected oxytocin breeding fish, placing the oxytocin breeding fish into oxytocin pond with water depth of 80cm and area of 3m 2 Observing the activity state of the breeding fish at any time after injection in a water tank, and the effect time is 8h;
c. artificial insemination: when the breeding fish begins to chase each other to reach oestrus and high tide, egg collection and semen collection are carried out; firstly, sperm and eggs are stored in different containers separately, after the sperm and eggs are completely collected, the sperm and eggs are put into the same container, a small amount of activating solution is added to activate the sperm, and fertilization is completed by light stirring, so that fertilized eggs are formed; repeatedly flushing fertilized eggs for 4-5 times under running water after 1min, and washing off sundries and mucus on the surfaces of the fertilized eggs;
d. and (3) artificial incubation: placing the cleaned fertilized eggs into a You Xianke incubator for incubation, wherein the density of fertilized eggs is not too high, and adjusting the water flow according to the development condition of the fertilization rate in the incubation process, and timely picking out dead eggs and sundries until the fertilized eggs are out of the membrane;
e. and (3) fish fry cultivation: in order to improve the survival rate, the fries are required to be raised in a room with the water temperature of 26 ℃; the fish larvae after hatching the film for 3 days begin to ingest, and feed yolk, midge larvae, micro-ingredients and the compound feed of the sinocyclocheilus schizoisthmus with the protein content of 35% in stages.
Example 2
1. Preparation of breeding fish cultivation additive
A breeding additive for a seed fish of a sinocyclocheilus grahami, comprising a basic feed and a dry powder composition: the mass of the dry powder composition accounts for 20% of the total mass of the cultivation additive, and the mass of the basic feed accounts for 80% of the total mass of the cultivation additive;
based on the dry powder composition, the dry powder composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60g of dragonfly larva powder and 30g of sandworm powder;
based on basic feed, the basic feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10g of soybean meal, 40g of peanut meal, 40g of wheat germ and 0.15g of compound vitamin, wherein the compound vitamin comprises 1g of vitamin A, 0.025g of vitamin D3, 4g of vitamin K3, 8g of vitamin B1, 16g of vitamin B2, 18g of vitamin B6, 0.04g of vitamin B12, and 1g of compound mineral, wherein the compound mineral comprises 5g of magnesium sulfate, 4g of calcium carbonate, 9g of ferrous fumarate and 4g of zinc gluconate;
and weighing the obtained dry powder composition and basic feed according to the respective proportion of the dry powder composition and the basic feed in the cultivation additive, and mixing to obtain the breeding fish cultivation additive suitable for the sinocyclocheilus grahami.
2. Application of breeding additive for breeding of sinocyclocheilus grahami in artificial propagation
An artificial propagation method suitable for the species of the sinocyclocheilus grahami comprises the following steps:
a. breeding fish: selecting a good-development and healthy split sinocyclocheilus as a breeding fish, and controlling the proportion of male to female to be 1: (1.0-1.5), regulating and controlling the water temperature to rise gradually, feeding the breeding fish cultivation additive when the water temperature is above 18-25 ℃, wherein the daily feeding amount is 3% of the weight of the breeding fish, feeding the breeding fish once in the morning, in the middle and at the evening, and reducing the feeding amount to 1/2 of the original feeding amount in the first month before artificial propagation; flushing once a day to promote the gonadal maturation of the sinocyclocheilus grahami;
b. spawning induction of fish: injecting oxytocin into chest cavity of selected oxytocin breeding fish, placing the oxytocin breeding fish into oxytocin pond with water depth of 80cm and area of 3m 2 In the water pool, injectionObserving the activity state of the breeding fish at any time, and enabling the effect time to be 8 hours;
c. artificial insemination: when the breeding fish begins to chase each other to reach oestrus and high tide, egg collection and semen collection are carried out; firstly, sperm and eggs are stored in different containers separately, after the sperm and eggs are completely collected, the sperm and eggs are put into the same container, a small amount of activating solution is added to activate the sperm, and fertilization is completed by light stirring, so that fertilized eggs are formed; repeatedly flushing fertilized eggs for 4-5 times under running water after 1min, and washing off sundries and mucus on the surfaces of the fertilized eggs;
d. and (3) artificial incubation: placing the cleaned fertilized eggs into a You Xianke incubator for incubation, wherein the density of fertilized eggs is not too high, and adjusting the water flow according to the development condition of the fertilization rate in the incubation process, and timely picking out dead eggs and sundries until the fertilized eggs are out of the membrane;
e. and (3) fish fry cultivation: in order to improve the survival rate, the fries are required to be raised in a room with the water temperature of 26 ℃; the fish larvae after hatching the film for 3 days begin to ingest, and feed yolk, midge larvae, micro-ingredients and the compound feed of the sinocyclocheilus schizoisthmus with the protein content of 35% in stages.
Example 3
1. Preparation of breeding fish cultivation additive
A breeding additive for a seed fish of a sinocyclocheilus grahami, comprising a basic feed and a dry powder composition: the mass of the dry powder composition accounts for 35% of the total mass of the cultivation additive, and the mass of the basic feed accounts for 65% of the total mass of the cultivation additive;
based on the dry powder composition, the dry powder composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40g of dragonfly larva powder and 50g of sandworm powder;
based on basic feed, the basic feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25g of soybean meal, 30g of peanut meal, 52g of wheat germ, 0.25g of compound vitamin, wherein the compound vitamin comprises 0.45g of vitamin A, 0.015g of vitamin D3, 8g of vitamin K3, 12g of vitamin B1, 14g of vitamin B2, 22g of vitamin B6, 0.02g of vitamin B12, and 0.5g of compound mineral, wherein the compound mineral comprises 7g of magnesium sulfate, 3g of calcium carbonate, 7g of ferrous fumarate and 6g of zinc gluconate;
and weighing the obtained dry powder composition and basic feed according to the respective proportion of the dry powder composition and the basic feed in the cultivation additive, and mixing to obtain the breeding fish cultivation additive suitable for the sinocyclocheilus grahami.
2. Application of breeding additive for breeding of sinocyclocheilus grahami in artificial propagation
An artificial propagation method suitable for the species of the sinocyclocheilus grahami comprises the following steps:
a. breeding fish: selecting a good-development and healthy split sinocyclocheilus as a breeding fish, and controlling the proportion of male to female to be 1: (1.0-1.5), regulating and controlling the water temperature to rise gradually, feeding the breeding fish cultivation additive when the water temperature is above 18-25 ℃, wherein the daily feeding amount is 5% of the weight of the breeding fish, feeding the breeding fish once in the morning, in the middle and at the evening, and reducing the feeding amount to 1/2 of the original feeding amount one month before artificial propagation; flushing once a day to promote the gonadal maturation of the sinocyclocheilus grahami;
b. spawning induction of fish: injecting oxytocin into chest cavity of selected oxytocin breeding fish, placing the oxytocin breeding fish into oxytocin pond with water depth of 80cm and area of 3m 2 Observing the activity state of the breeding fish at any time after injection in a water tank, and the effect time is 8h;
c. artificial insemination: when the breeding fish begins to chase each other to reach oestrus and high tide, egg collection and semen collection are carried out; firstly, sperm and eggs are stored in different containers separately, after the sperm and eggs are completely collected, the sperm and eggs are put into the same container, a small amount of activating solution is added to activate the sperm, and fertilization is completed by light stirring, so that fertilized eggs are formed; repeatedly flushing fertilized eggs for 4-5 times under running water after 1min, and washing off sundries and mucus on the surfaces of the fertilized eggs;
d. and (3) artificial incubation: placing the cleaned fertilized eggs into a You Xianke incubator for incubation, wherein the density of fertilized eggs is not too high, and adjusting the water flow according to the development condition of the fertilization rate in the incubation process, and timely picking out dead eggs and sundries until the fertilized eggs are out of the membrane;
e. and (3) fish fry cultivation: in order to improve the survival rate, the fries are required to be raised in a room with the water temperature of 26 ℃; the fish larvae after hatching the film for 3 days begin to ingest, and feed yolk, midge larvae, micro-ingredients and the compound feed of the sinocyclocheilus schizoisthmus with the protein content of 35% in stages.
Example 4
This example differs from example 1 in that the dry powder composition further comprises 2.1g of magnolia extract, which was prepared as follows:
step one: mixing the magnolia bud with water, boiling for 25min, and cooling; soaking the cooked magnolia buds in the water solution for 3d, taking out, airing and grinding to obtain magnolia bud powder;
step two: mixing 5g of Magnolia bud powder with 150ml of 80% ethanol, boiling for 1.2 hr, collecting filtrate, and drying at 55deg.C to obtain Magnolia bud extract.
The remainder was the same as in example 1.
Example 5
This example differs from example 1 in that the dry powder composition further comprises 1.5g of magnolia extract, which was prepared as follows:
step one: mixing the magnolia bud with water, boiling for 30min, and cooling; soaking the cooked magnolia buds in the water solution for 2d, taking out, airing and grinding to obtain magnolia bud powder;
step two: mixing 5g of Magnolia bud powder with 200ml of 70% ethanol, boiling for 1.5 hr, collecting filtrate, and drying at 60deg.C to obtain Magnolia bud extract.
The remainder was the same as in example 1.
Example 6
This example differs from example 1 in that the dry powder composition further comprises 3g of magnolia extract, which was prepared as follows:
step one: mixing the magnolia bud with water, boiling for 15min, and cooling; soaking the cooked magnolia bud in the water solution for 4 days, taking out, airing and grinding to obtain magnolia bud powder.
Step two: mixing 5g of Magnolia bud powder with 100ml of 90% ethanol, heating for 1 hr, collecting filtrate, and drying at 50deg.C to obtain Magnolia bud extract.
The remainder was the same as in example 1.
Example 7
This example differs from example 1 in that the dry powder composition further comprises 2.7g of magnolia extract, which was prepared as follows:
step one: mixing the magnolia bud with water, boiling for 20min, and cooling; soaking the cooked magnolia bud in the water solution for 3 days, taking out, airing and grinding to obtain magnolia bud powder.
Step two: mixing 5g of Magnolia bud powder with 180ml of 85% ethanol, heating for 1.5 hr, collecting filtrate, and drying at 60deg.C to obtain Magnolia bud extract.
The remainder was the same as in example 1.
Example 8
This example differs from example 1 in that the dry powder composition further comprises 1g of magnolia extract, and the preparation method of the magnolia extract is the same as that of the magnolia extract of example 4; the remainder was the same as in example 1.
Example 9
This example differs from example 1 in that the dry powder composition further comprises 4g of magnolia extract, the preparation method of which is the same as that of magnolia extract in example 4; the remainder was the same as in example 1.
Example 10
This example differs from example 1 in that the dry powder composition also includes 2.1g of magnolia extract; the magnolia bud extract is prepared according to the following steps:
step one: drying the magnolia buds and grinding the dried magnolia buds to obtain magnolia bud powder;
step two: mixing 5g of Magnolia powder with 150ml of 80% ethanol, heating for 1.2 hr, collecting filtrate, and drying at 55deg.C to obtain Magnolia extract. The remainder was the same as in example 1.
The remainder was the same as in example 1.
Example 11
This example differs from example 1 in that the dry powder composition further comprises 2.1g of magnolia powder, which is prepared by the steps of: mixing 5g of magnolia bud with water, boiling for 25min, and cooling; soaking the cooked magnolia bud in the water solution for 3 days, taking out, airing and grinding to obtain magnolia bud powder.
The remainder was the same as in example 1.
Example 12
This example differs from example 1 in that the dry powder composition also includes 2.1g betaine; the remainder was the same as in example 1.
Example 13
This example differs from example 1 in that the cuttlefish breeding additive of example 1 was used to feed cuttlefish breeds; the remainder was the same as in example 1.
Example 14
This example differs from example 1 in that the breeding fish breeding additive of example 1 was used to feed the schizothorax beancurd fish; the remainder was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the cultivation additive does not contain sand worm powder, and the remainder is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the cultivation additive does not contain dragonfly larva powder, and the remainder is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the mass ratio of the dry powder composition in the incubation additive is 5%, and the remainder is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the mass ratio of the dry powder composition in the incubation additive is 50%, the remainder being the same as example 1.
Test case
(1) Sperm motility test
Sperm motility tests are carried out on the split gorge male breeding fish, the black head fish male breeding fish and the blue-black-belly split belly fish male breeding fish in examples 1-14 and comparative examples 1-4, and the stator motility is mainly judged from two indexes of the fast movement duration and the survival duration of sperms; wherein, the time period(s) of the rapid movement of the sperm is the time taken from when the sperm is fully activated to when 90% of the sperm is shaken in situ; the length of sperm survival(s) refers to the time taken for the sperm to stop shaking from after the sperm has been fully activated to 90% of the sperm.
Titrating 0.1mol/L alkaline solution and distilled water to prepare aqueous solution with pH of 8.0, and placing the aqueous solution in a constant-temperature water bath kettle with the temperature of 24 ℃ for standby; taking a clean glass slide, picking a proper amount of white semen by a needle head, uniformly coating the white semen on the glass slide, adding the water solution with the same amount, and uniformly mixing; the state of sperm motility in the same field was observed under a microscope, and the duration of rapid movement(s) and duration of survival(s) of sperm were recorded. 3-5 parallel solutions were set for each temperature, and the average was taken over several experiments and recorded in table 1.
(2) Fertilization rate statistics
The fertility rates of the female fish eggs during artificial propagation were tested on the split sinocyclocheilus males, the black head fish males and the lan cang split belly fish males of examples 1 to 14 and comparative examples 1 to 4; the method comprises the steps of selecting male breeding fish of the split-gorge cheilus with good gonad development, male breeding fish of the black-head cheilus and male breeding fish of the lan cang split-belly cheilus, simultaneously injecting an oxytocic into female breeding fish of the split-gorge cheilus, female breeding fish of the black-head cheilus and female breeding fish of the lan cang split-belly cheilus in an oxytocic phase, and putting the female breeding fish and the male breeding fish of the same kind together after the oxytocic is injected; after 18-32 h, the female and male fish spawn and discharge sperm automatically, the ovum completes fertilization in the water body, fertilized eggs are obtained, and fertilization rates of the three female fish ovum are counted.
TABLE 1 sperm status and fertilization rates of Male species fish
| Project | Fast motion time/s | Sperm survival duration/s | Fertilization rate/% |
| Example 1 | 68.3 | 351.7 | 85.3 |
| Example 2 | 67.9 | 346.2 | 83.5 |
| Example 3 | 68.1 | 348.6 | 84.6 |
| Example 4 | 73.7 | 363.5 | 90.8 |
| Example 5 | 72.8 | 361.1 | 89.1 |
| Example 6 | 72.6 | 360.5 | 88.9 |
| Example 7 | 73.2 | 362.3 | 89.6 |
| Example 8 | 68.5 | 353.5 | 86.1 |
| Example 9 | 68.9 | 354.9 | 87.6 |
| Example 10 | 66 | 343.7 | 81.8 |
| Example 11 | 65.2 | 342.5 | 80.9 |
| Example 12 | 66.3 | 344.2 | 81.9 |
| Example 13 | 60 | 315.2 | 73.1 |
| Example 14 | 58.8 | 313.2 | 71.6 |
| Comparative example 1 | 58.5 | 311.6 | 71.1 |
| Comparative example 2 | 56.3 | 305.9 | 70.2 |
| Comparative example 3 | 54.3 | 301.8 | 68.9 |
| Comparative example 4 | 52.4 | 297.7 | 65.5 |
Combining examples 1-3, comparative examples 1-2 and table 1, it can be seen that the cooperation of dragonfly larva powder and sandworm powder can significantly improve sperm motility, fertilized rate of ova and hatching rate of fertilized ova of the male fish of the sinocyclocheilus grahami; this is because the high protein and low fat characteristics of dragonfly larva powder and sandworm powder can provide necessary energy for growth and development of the split-isthmus species fish; moreover, the cordycepin in the sand worm powder can promote the capability of alpha-tocopherol in dragonfly larva powder to induce the bodies of the split cheilus to increase the production of superoxide dismutase, so that the improvement of semen quality and sperm activity of the split cheilus has positive promotion effect, thereby improving the fertilization rate of fertilized eggs.
By combining example 1, comparative examples 3-4 and Table 1, it can be seen that the quality of the dry powder composition in the breeding additive is not good for improving the sperm quality of the breeding male fish of the split-isthmus grahami when the quality of the dry powder composition is too high or too low, because the nutrient substances in the breeding additive can only maintain the normal growth and development of the breeding fish when the quality of the dry powder composition is too low, the sperm nest development of the breeding male fish of the split-isthmus grahami can not be further promoted, the stable sperm quality of the breeding fish of the split-isthmus grahami is not good for the artificial propagation of the breeding fish of the split-isthmus grahami; when the mass ratio of the dry powder composition is too high, the protein content in the nutrient substances in the breeding additive for the breeding fish is too high, the capability of the breeding fish of the split gorge is limited, the protein scattered in the water body is limited, namely, the more the protein is in the residual bait and the feces, the larger the ammonia nitrogen content in the breeding water body is, the growth and development of the breeding fish of the split gorge are not facilitated, the development of the spermary of the breeding fish of the split gorge is seriously influenced, and the death of the breeding fish of the split gorge is even caused.
By combining examples 1, 4-9 and Table 1, it can be seen that the addition of the magnolia bud extract can significantly improve the sperm activity of the male fish of the species of the sinocyclocheilus grahami and improve the fertilization rate of fertilized eggs, because the plant sterols and gallic acid in the magnolia bud extract improve the utilization rate of the protein in the dry powder composition by the species of the sinocyclocheilus grahami, and the condition that the ammonia nitrogen content exceeds the standard in the water body is avoided; in addition, the terpenoid contained in the magnolia bud extract can act together with lysine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid in dragonfly larva dry powder, so that the feeding promoting effect on the split-canyon is remarkable, the appetite of the split-canyon can be improved, the gastrointestinal peristalsis of the split-canyon can be promoted, the efficiency of absorbing and utilizing nutrient substances in intestinal tracts can be remarkably improved through the combined action of the terpenoid and lysine in the dry powder composition, the development of gonads of split-canyon species fish is improved, and the success rate of artificial propagation of the split-canyon is further improved. Meanwhile, attention is paid to reasonably controlling the addition amount of the magnolia bud extract, so that the breeding fish breeding additive with remarkable effect of promoting the super-development of the male milter of the sinocyclocheilus grahami is obtained.
Combining examples 1, 10-12 and Table 1, it can be seen that the boiling and soaking treatment of the magnolia bark powder affects the palatability of the magnolia bark extract and dry powder composition, affects the intake of the seed fish cultivation additive by the seed fish of the sinocyclocheilus grahami, and is detrimental to its growth and development; however, when betaine is used instead of magnolia bud extract, although betaine can improve the palatability of the breeding fish breeding additive, the activity of the semen of the high-split sinocyclocheilus breeding fish is not remarkably improved, probably because betaine can improve the palatability of the breeding fish breeding additive to a certain extent, so that the intake of the breeding additive by the high-split sinocyclocheilus breeding fish is improved, and further the absorption of nutrient substances is improved, but the high-split sinocyclocheilus breeding fish breeding additive does not have an effective ingredient which can be matched with other components to improve the development of the spermary of the breeding fish, the quality and the vitality of sperms.
By combining examples 1, 13-14 and Table 1, it can be seen that the effect of the breeding fish breeding additive prepared by the application on improving the development of spermary, sperm quality and vitality of the breeding fish of the sinocyclocheilus grahami is far higher than the effect of the breeding fish of the sinocyclocheilus grahami and the improvement of the development of spermary, sperm quality and vitality of the breeding fish of the sinocyclocheilus grahami, and the application shows that the breeding fish breeding additive prepared by the application has stronger pertinence on improving the growth development and reproductive capacity of the male breeding fish of the sinocyclocheilus grahami.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention after reading the present specification, and these modifications and variations do not depart from the scope of the invention as claimed in the pending claims.
Claims (7)
1. A breeding additive for a split-isthmus seed fish, which is characterized in that: comprises basic feed and dry powder composition, wherein the mass of the dry powder composition accounts for 20-35% of the total mass of the cultivation additive;
based on the dry powder composition, the dry powder composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of dragonfly larva powder and 30-50 parts of sand worm powder.
2. The breeding additive for the species of the sinocyclocheilus grahami as claimed in claim 1, wherein: based on the dry powder composition, the dry powder composition also comprises 1.5-3 parts of magnolia bud extract.
3. The breeding additive for the species of the sinocyclocheilus grahami as claimed in claim 2, wherein: based on the dry powder composition, the dry powder composition also comprises 2.1-2.7 parts of magnolia bud extract.
4. A split-isthmus fish breeding additive as claimed in any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that: the magnolia bud extract is prepared by the following steps:
step one: mixing the magnolia bud with water, boiling and cooling; taking out the cooked magnolia buds, soaking the magnolia buds in water, taking out the soaked magnolia buds, airing, and grinding to obtain magnolia bud powder;
step two: mixing the magnolia bud powder with ethanol, heating and refluxing, collecting filtrate, and drying to obtain magnolia bud extract.
5. The breeding additive for the species of the sinocyclocheilus grahami as claimed in claim 1, wherein: based on the basic feed, the basic feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-25 parts of bean pulp powder, 30-40 parts of peanut pulp, 40-52 parts of wheat germ, 0.15-0.25 part of compound vitamin and 0.5-1 part of compound mineral.
6. The additive for breeding split-isthmus fish according to claim 5, wherein the compound vitamin comprises the following components in parts by weight based on the compound vitamin: 0.45 to 1 part of vitamin A, 0.015 to 0.025 part of vitamin D3, 4 to 8 parts of vitamin K3, 8 to 12 parts of vitamin B1, 14 to 16 parts of vitamin B2, 18 to 22 parts of vitamin B6 and 0.02 to 0.04 part of vitamin B12.
7. The breeding additive for the species of the sinocyclocheilus grahami as claimed in claim 5, wherein: based on the composite mineral, the composite mineral comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 to 7 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3 to 4 parts of calcium carbonate, 7 to 9 parts of ferrous fumarate and 4 to 6 parts of zinc gluconate.
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| CN114468186A (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-05-13 | 西双版纳云博水产养殖开发有限公司 | Barbus capito breeding fish feed and application thereof in artificial cultivation of Barbus capito |
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| KR20010009794A (en) * | 1999-07-14 | 2001-02-05 | 김성식 | Artificiality of the rapids used a mandarin fish breeding a farm method equipment |
| CN104719222A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-06-24 | 宁国市金东坊农业开发有限公司 | Tor brevifilis, grass carp, chub and freshwater shrimp mixed aquaculture method |
| CN110024722A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-07-19 | 海南晨海水产有限公司 | A kind of artificial fecundation method of scavenger |
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| CN111160708A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-05-15 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Analysis method and device for evaluating alternative protection effect of branch habitat |
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