CN116784169A - Method for imitating wild three-dimensional planting of alpinia japonica and ganoderma lucidum in new forestation land in Ling nan area - Google Patents
Method for imitating wild three-dimensional planting of alpinia japonica and ganoderma lucidum in new forestation land in Ling nan area Download PDFInfo
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- 240000008397 Ganoderma lucidum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 235000001637 Ganoderma lucidum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 241001506940 Alpinia japonica Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 50
- 235000006886 Zingiber officinale Nutrition 0.000 claims description 30
- 235000008397 ginger Nutrition 0.000 claims description 30
- 244000062241 Kaempferia galanga Species 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000013421 Kaempferia galanga Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 240000002768 Alpinia galanga Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000006887 Alpinia galanga Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000526900 Camellia oleifera Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000007232 Illicium verum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000008227 Illicium verum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000273928 Zingiber officinale Species 0.000 claims 5
- 241000222336 Ganoderma Species 0.000 abstract description 7
- 241000234314 Zingiber Species 0.000 description 25
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 4
- 244000141218 Alpinia officinarum Species 0.000 description 3
- 241001489091 Ganoderma sinense Species 0.000 description 3
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000001774 alpinia officinarum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000046151 Acer negundo Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004422 Acer negundo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000013298 Alpinia <beetle> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001070941 Castanea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014036 Castanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000304337 Cuminum cyminum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007129 Cuminum cyminum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001633106 Lithocarpus Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for three-dimensionally planting alpinia japonica and ganoderma lucidum in a new forestation area in the south of Ling, which comprises the following steps: 1) Selecting a new forestation site in a Ling-nan area within 2 years of planting the tree; 2) Ridging between tree rows in a new forestation area, digging ganoderma lucidum planting grooves on the ridges, horizontally placing ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks in the ganoderma lucidum planting grooves, connecting the fungus sticks end to end, covering with crushed soil, covering soil layers on the fungus sticks, covering withered grass on the soil layers, and carrying out ganoderma lucidum wild-like planting; 3) Digging holes among the ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks for 4-5 months, applying organic fertilizer to each hole, uniformly mixing with soil, then putting a section of rhizome of the alpinia japonica, and filling fine surface soil while putting seeds in the bud head upwards to develop wild-imitating planting of the alpinia japonica; 4) Regional weeding and mountain Jiang Shifei; 5) Ganoderma lucidum and mountain Jiang Caishou. The method can not only realize the wild-like planting of the lucid ganoderma and the alpinia japonica in the new forestation land, but also improve the utilization rate of the new forestation land, achieve the purposes of cultivating for stroking and short cultivation, realize the three-dimensional planting of the new forestation land and improve the economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant interplanting cultivation, in particular to a method for three-dimensional planting of trees, alpinia japonica and ganoderma lucidum in new forestation sites in the south of Ling.
Background
Alpinia japonica is perennial herb with root-shaped stem; usually with developed overground stems, leaves oblong or in the shape of needles, and inflorescences usually in the form of acrogenic panicles, heads or spikes. There are 46 species of Alpinia japonica in our country, wherein the rhizome or fruit of Alpinia galanga (Alpinia officinarumHance), alpinia galanga (Alpinia galanga willd.) and the like are used for medicines,rhizoma Alpiniae OfficinarumZerumset Smith et Burtt is a garden ornamental plant.
Ganoderma, which is also called Ganoderma lucidum, ganoderma sinense, and Ganoderma, contains various active ingredients, and has effects of regulating immunity, resisting tumor, improving blood circulation, nourishing brain, strengthening body constitution, relieving inflammation, and promoting urination. Ganoderma lucidum can be planted under the forest stand with larger canopy density, but in newly planted forest lands, the ganoderma lucidum cannot be planted due to unsuitable environmental conditions.
Aiming at the problems that most of forests are free of income for 5 years before planting, measures such as tending and fertilizing are needed to be carried out manually in the early stage, no benefit is produced in the initial stage of a new forestation, the potential of the forestation is not fully excavated, and the like, a three-dimensional wild-imitating planting method capable of fully utilizing the new forestation and interplanting various plants in the new forestation is needed to be researched, so that the utilization rate of the forestation is improved, three-dimensional planting is realized, and the economic benefit is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for three-dimensional planting of alpinia japonica and ganoderma lucidum in a new forestation area in the south of the Ling area, which can not only improve the utilization rate of the forestation area and achieve the purposes of cultivating and tending with short cultivation, but also realize three-dimensional planting by utilizing the relation among several plants and improve the economic benefit.
The invention solves the technical problems with the following technical proposal:
the invention discloses a method for three-dimensionally planting alpinia japonica and ganoderma lucidum in a new forestation area in the south of Ling, which comprises the following operation steps:
1) Forest land selection: selecting a new afforestation land in a Ling-nan area within 2 years of planting the tree, wherein the gradient of the afforestation land is less than 15 degrees;
2) Wild-like planting of ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks: the method comprises the steps of (1) starting ridging at a place 70cm away from plants in tree rows of a new forestation site, wherein the ridge height is 10cm, transversely digging a ganoderma lucidum planting ditch with the width of 15cm and the depth of 15cm on the ridge every 60cm, selecting ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks with the diameter of 13-15cm, cutting fungus bags, taking out fungus sticks, horizontally placing the fungus sticks in the dug ganoderma lucidum planting ditch along the ditch, connecting the fungus sticks end to end, covering with crushed soil, pressing the fungus sticks with a proper amount of surrounding soil to ensure that the periphery of the fungus sticks does not form a cavity, covering a soil layer with the thickness of 2-3cm on the fungus sticks, and covering a layer of hay on the soil layer; developing the wild-imitating planting of the ganoderma lucidum without watering, fertilizing and spraying any pesticide;
3) Wild-like planting of alpinia japonica: digging holes between the ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks according to the plant row spacing of 50cm multiplied by 60cm on the ridge for planting the ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks for 4-5 months, applying 1.5kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each hole, uniformly mixing with soil, putting a section of rhizome of alpinia japonica, putting the bud head upwards, filling soil while planting the ginger, and covering fine surface soil for 5-7 cm; wild-like planting of alpinia japonica is developed without watering and spraying any pesticide;
4) Weeding and fertilizing: before the alpinia japonica is sealed, grass in the range of 7-10cm beside the ganoderma lucidum buds is removed, but grass in the range of 10-25cm is reserved, and grass outside 25cm is removed completely, so that the environment required by the initial growth of ganoderma lucidum can be saved, the height of ganoderma lucidum stipe can be improved, and the whole appearance is more attractive; after Jiang Feng lines of alpinia japonica, all weeds are removed, soil loosening is combined around plants to perform earthing and topdressing, 1.0-1.3kg of organic fertilizer is topplied to each plant of alpinia japonica, and 0.5-0.8kg of organic fertilizer is topplied to each plant of alpinia japonica every year after the second year to the harvesting year of ginger blocks.
5) Ganoderma lucidum and mountain Jiang Caishou: harvesting the first tide ganoderma lucidum from the bottom of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months each year, and harvesting the second tide ganoderma lucidum from 9-10 months, wherein the continuous harvesting can be carried out for 4 years; the fruits are collected every year, underground ginger blocks are collected and excavated 4-5 years after planting, and the collection time of the underground ginger blocks is 10-12 months.
The variety of the alpinia galanga is selected from varieties of which the underground ginger blocks are harvested for more than 4 years, the height of adult plants is more than 80cm and the length of the underground ginger blocks is less than 50cm after 2 years, and is preferably selected from galanga, galanga or alpinia warrior.
In the step 2), the thickness of the cumin is 5cm.
In the step 1), the new afforestation site is a camellia oleifera new afforestation site, an star anise new afforestation site, a agilawood new afforestation site or a fir new afforestation site.
In the step 2), the ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks are obtained by taking trees such as the lithocarpus and the chestnut as log raw materials, sterilizing and inoculating ganoderma lucidum strains, wherein the length of each fungus stick is 20-30cm.
The method of the invention has the following advantages:
1) Under the condition that the new forestation land is not suitable for planting lucid ganoderma by imitating wild, the species of the alpinia japonica is introduced, so that ecological positions between the new forestation land and the lucid ganoderma population are filled, community effect is formed, and diseases and insect pests of the lucid ganoderma are prevented and treated by utilizing aromatic substances emitted by the alpinia japonica, so that three-dimensional planting of three objects is realized.
2) Under the condition that the planting land does not have any facilities and is artificially watered, the invention fully utilizes the relation between communities established by planting plants, so that the three can well grow, and wild-simulated planting of two traditional Chinese medicinal materials of alpinia japonica and ganoderma on newly-planted forest lands is realized by utilizing unique hydrothermal conditions in the Lingnan area.
3) The ganoderma lucidum can collect 1-2 tide each year after being planted, can collect continuously for 4 years, and can collect after 4-5 years after being planted, and the two species are highly compatible in harvesting period. The ganoderma lucidum cultivated and harvested by the imitation wild cultivation has higher quality and has a price 4-7 times of the cultivation price of a greenhouse because of absorbing the ground gas in the forest, and has very good economic and nutritional values.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1: three-dimensional cultivation of camellia oleifera in new forestation sites, galangal and ganoderma lucidum
1) Oil tea woodland: and selecting a new forest land planted with the oil tea for 15 months, wherein the row spacing of the oil tea is 3 meters, and the gradient of the forest land is about 15 degrees.
2) Ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks: bagging and sterilizing the wood raw material with the wood tree as a section, and inoculating ganoderma lucidum strain to obtain fungus sticks with the length of 20cm and the diameter of 13cm.
3) Wild-like planting of ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks: the planting time of the ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks is 1-2 months, ridging is started at a place 70cm away from the camellia oleifera plants among the camellia oleifera rows, the ridge height is 10cm, the ridge width is about 1.5m, and a ganoderma lucidum planting ditch with the width of 15cm and the depth of 15cm is transversely dug on the ridge every 60 cm; cutting off a ganoderma lucidum fungus bag, taking out fungus sticks, horizontally placing the fungus sticks in dug ganoderma lucidum planting furrows in a manner of connecting the fungus sticks from head to tail, placing 7 fungus sticks in each furrow, covering the furrow with crushed soil, pressing a proper amount of soil around the fungus sticks to ensure that the periphery of the fungus sticks does not form a cavity, covering the fungus sticks with soil with the thickness of 2-3cm, and covering a layer of 5cm of hay on a soil layer; developing the wild-imitating planting of the ganoderma lucidum without watering, fertilizing and spraying any pesticide; about 3000 sticks are planted per mu.
4) Wild-like planting of galangal: digging holes between the ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks according to the line spacing of 50cm multiplied by 60cm on the ridge for 4-5 months, applying 1.5kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each hole with the depth of 15-20 cm and the length of 25-30 cm, uniformly mixing with soil, putting a section of rhizome (with the bud heads upwards) of the galangal, putting seeds while filling soil, and covering fine surface soil for 5-7 cm; the galangal is developed to simulate wild planting, and watering and spraying of any pesticide are not needed; about 1400 plants per mu are planted. The alpinia galanga is selected to be harvested into underground ginger blocks for more than 4 years, the height of adult plants is more than 80cm, and the length of the underground ginger blocks after 2 years is less than 50 cm.
5) Weeding: before the alpinia officinarum is not sealed, grass is removed within a range of 7-10cm beside the ganoderma lucidum buds, but grass is reserved within a range of 10-25cm, and grass is removed completely outside 25cm, so that the environment required by the initial growth of ganoderma lucidum can be saved, the height of ganoderma lucidum stipe can be improved, and the whole appearance is more attractive; after the alpinia galanga is sealed, all weeds are removed.
6) And (3) managing and protecting the galangal: in the current year of galangal planting, after the plant is sealed, soil loosening is combined around the plant to perform earthing up and topdressing, and 1.0-1.3kg of organic fertilizer is topdressed for each plant; and the organic fertilizer is applied to each plant of ginger from the second year to the harvesting year every year.
7) Harvesting ganoderma lucidum and galangal: the first tide of ganoderma lucidum is collected from the beginning of the current year of planting in the period from the end of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months, the second tide of ganoderma lucidum is collected in 9-10 months, 4 years of continuous collection can be carried out, and 200kg of dry ganoderma lucidum can be collected in each mu of 4 years; the fruit of galangal is harvested each year after the galangal seeds are planted, underground ginger blocks are harvested in 1 month of 5 th year after the galangal seeds, and 1000kg of fresh products are harvested per mu.
Example 2: three-dimensional cultivation of star anise new forestation land, galangal and ganoderma sinense
1) Octagonal woodland: and selecting a newly-built star anise forest land planted for 10 months, wherein the row spacing of the star anise is 4 meters, and the gradient of the forest land is about 12 degrees.
2) Ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks: bagging and sterilizing the maple tree serving as a log raw material, and inoculating ganoderma lucidum strains to obtain fungus sticks, wherein the length of the fungus sticks is 30cm and the diameter of the fungus sticks is 13cm.
3) Wild-like planting of ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks: the planting time of the ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks is 1-2 months, ridges are formed at 70cm away from the octagonal plants among the octagonal rows, the ridge height is 10cm, the ridge width is about 2.5m, and a ganoderma lucidum planting ditch with the width of 15cm and the depth of 15cm is transversely dug on each ridge every 60 cm; cutting off a ganoderma lucidum fungus bag, taking out fungus sticks, horizontally placing the fungus sticks in the dug ditches in a way that the heads and the tails of the fungus sticks are connected, placing 8 ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks in each ditch, covering with crushed soil, pressing a proper amount of soil around the fungus sticks to ensure that the periphery of the fungus sticks does not form a cavity, covering the fungus sticks with soil with the thickness of 2-3cm, and covering a layer of 5cm of hay on a soil layer; developing the wild-imitating planting of the ganoderma lucidum without watering, fertilizing and spraying any pesticide; about 3000 sticks are planted per mu.
4) Wild-like planting of galangal: digging holes between the ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks according to the line spacing of 50cm multiplied by 60cm on the ridge for 4-5 months, applying 1.5kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each hole with the depth of 15-20 cm and the length of 25-30 cm, uniformly mixing with soil, putting a section of rhizome (with the bud heads upwards) of the galangal, putting seeds while filling soil, and covering fine surface soil for 5-7 cm; the galangal is developed to simulate wild planting, and watering and spraying of any pesticide are not needed; about 1400 plants per mu are planted. The alpinia galanga is selected to be harvested into underground ginger blocks for more than 4 years, the height of adult plants is more than 80cm, and the length of the underground ginger blocks after 2 years is less than 50 cm.
5) Weeding: before the alpinia officinarum is not sealed, grass is removed within a range of 7-10cm beside the ganoderma lucidum buds, but grass is reserved within a range of 10-25cm, and grass is removed completely outside 25cm, so that the environment required by the initial growth of ganoderma lucidum can be saved, the height of ganoderma lucidum stipe can be improved, and the whole appearance is more attractive; after the alpinia galanga is sealed, all weeds are removed.
6) And (3) managing and protecting the galangal: in the current year of galangal planting, after the plant is sealed, soil loosening is combined around the plant to perform earthing up and topdressing, and 1.0-1.3kg of organic fertilizer is topdressed for each plant; and the second year to the harvesting year of underground ginger blocks, and each plant of ginger blocks is topdressing with 0.8kg of organic fertilizer each year.
7) Harvesting ganoderma lucidum and galangal: the first tide of ganoderma lucidum is collected from the beginning of the current year of planting in the period from the end of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months, the second tide of ganoderma lucidum is collected in 9-10 months, 4 years of continuous collection can be carried out, and 172kg of dry ganoderma lucidum can be collected in each mu of 4 years; fruits are harvested and planted each year after the galangal seeds, underground ginger blocks are harvested in the 5 th year and 1 month after the galangal seeds, and 910kg of fresh products are harvested per mu.
Example 3: three-dimensional cultivation of three species of agilawood new forestation land, galangal (fructus Galangae) and ganoderma sinense
1) Agilawood woodland: and selecting a new afforestation land planted with 20 months of agilawood, wherein the row spacing of the agilawood is 3 meters, and the gradient of the afforestation land is about 10 degrees.
2) Ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks: bagging and sterilizing the wood raw material with the wood tree as a section, and inoculating ganoderma lucidum strain to obtain fungus sticks with the length of 20cm and the diameter of 13cm.
3) Wild-like planting of ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks: the planting time of the ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks is 1-2 months, ridges are formed at the position 70cm away from the agilawood plants among agilawood rows, the ridge height is 10cm, the ridge width is about 1.5m, and a ganoderma lucidum planting ditch with the width of 15cm and the depth of 15cm is transversely dug on the ridge every 60 cm; cutting off a ganoderma lucidum fungus bag, taking out fungus sticks, horizontally placing the fungus sticks in the dug ditches, placing 7 fungus sticks in each ditch, covering with crushed soil, pressing the soil around the fungus sticks in proper amount to ensure that the periphery of the fungus sticks does not form a cavity, covering the fungus sticks with soil with the thickness of 2-3cm, and covering a layer of 5cm of hay on a soil layer; developing the wild-imitating planting of the ganoderma lucidum without watering, fertilizing and spraying any pesticide; about 3000 sticks are planted per mu.
4) Wild-like planting of galangal: digging holes between the ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks according to the plant row spacing of 50cm multiplied by 60cm on the ridge for 4-5 months, applying 1.5kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each hole, uniformly mixing with soil, putting a section of rhizome (bud head upwards) of galangal, putting seeds while filling soil, and covering fine surface soil for 5-7 cm; the wild-like planting of the galangal is developed without watering and spraying any pesticide; about 1400 plants per mu are planted. The alpinia galanga is selected to be harvested into underground ginger blocks which are more than 4 years, the height of adult plants is more than 80cm, and the length of the underground ginger blocks is less than 50cm after 2 years.
5) Weeding: before the alpinia galanga is sealed, grass is removed within a range of 7-10cm beside the ganoderma lucidum buds, but grass is reserved within a range of 10-25cm, and grass is removed completely outside 25cm, so that the environment required by the initial growth of ganoderma lucidum can be saved, the height of ganoderma lucidum stipe can be improved, and the whole appearance is more attractive; after the alpinia galanga is sealed, all weeds are removed.
6) Managing and protecting alpinia galanga: in the same year of alpinia galanga planting, after plant sealing, combining soil loosening around the plants to perform earthing up and topdressing, wherein each plant topdressing is 1.0-1.3kg of organic fertilizer; and the second year to the harvesting year of underground ginger blocks, and each plant of ginger blocks is topdressing with 0.5kg of organic fertilizer each year.
7) Harvesting ganoderma lucidum and alpinia galanga: the first tide of ganoderma lucidum is collected from the beginning of the current year of planting in the period from the end of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months, the second tide of ganoderma lucidum is collected in 9-10 months, 4 years of continuous collection can be carried out, and 230kg of dry ganoderma lucidum can be collected in each mu of 4 years; 180kg of galangal fruits are harvested every year after the galangal is planted, underground ginger blocks are harvested in 12 months of the 4 th year, and 1800kg of fresh products are harvested per mu.
Example 4: three-dimensional cultivation of fir tree in new forestation sites, alpinia japonica and ganoderma lucidum
1) Fir woodland: selecting a new afforestation site planted with fir for 24 months, wherein the row spacing of the fir is 3 meters, and the gradient of the afforestation site is about 10 degrees.
2) Ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks: bagging and sterilizing the raw materials of the white cone tree sections, and inoculating ganoderma lucidum strains to obtain fungus sticks, wherein the length of the fungus sticks is 20cm, and the diameter of the fungus sticks is 13cm.
3) Wild-like planting of ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks: the planting time of the ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks is 1-2 months, ridges are formed at the places, which are 70cm away from the fir plants, between the fir rows, the ridge heights are 10cm, the ridge widths are about 1.5m, and ganoderma lucidum planting furrows with the widths of 15cm and the depths of 15cm are transversely dug on the ridges every 60 cm; cutting off a ganoderma lucidum fungus bag, taking out fungus sticks, horizontally placing the fungus sticks in the dug ditches in a way of connecting the front and the tail of the fungus sticks, placing 7 fungus sticks in each ditch, covering with crushed soil, pressing a proper amount of soil around the fungus sticks to ensure that the periphery of the fungus sticks does not form a cavity, covering the fungus sticks with soil with the thickness of 2-3cm, and covering a layer of 5cm of hay on a soil layer; developing the wild-imitating planting of the ganoderma lucidum without watering, fertilizing and spraying any pesticide; about 3000 sticks are planted per mu.
4) Wild-like planting of alpinia japonica: digging holes between the ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks according to the line spacing of 50cm multiplied by 60cm on the ridge for 4-5 months, applying 1.5kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each hole with the depth of 15-20 cm and the length of 25-30 cm, uniformly mixing with soil, putting a section of rhizome (with the bud heads upwards) of the alpinia japonica, putting seeds while filling soil, and covering fine surface soil for 5-7 cm; wild-like planting of the alpinia japonica is developed without watering and spraying any pesticide; about 1400 plants per mu are planted. The alpinia japonica is selected to be harvested into underground ginger blocks which are more than 4 years, the height of adult plants is more than 80cm, and the length of the underground ginger blocks is less than 50cm after 2 years.
5) Weeding: before the alpinia japonica is sealed, grass is removed within 7-10cm beside the ganoderma lucidum buds, but grass is reserved within 10-25cm, and grass is removed completely outside 25cm, so that the environment required by the initial growth of ganoderma lucidum can be saved, the height of ganoderma lucidum stipe can be improved, and the whole appearance is more attractive; after the alpinia japonica is sealed, all weeds are removed.
6) Huashan Jiang Guanhu: in the current year of planting the alpinia japonica, after the plant is sealed, soil loosening is combined around the plant to carry out earthing up and topdressing, and 1.0-1.3kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant; and the second year to the harvesting year of underground ginger blocks, and each plant of ginger blocks is topdressing with 0.8kg of organic fertilizer each year.
7) Ganoderma lucidum and mountain Jiang Caishou: the first tide of ganoderma lucidum is collected from the beginning of the current year of planting in the period from the end of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months, the second tide of ganoderma lucidum is collected in 9-10 months, 4 years of continuous collection can be carried out, and 170kg of dry ganoderma lucidum can be collected in each mu in 4 years; fruits are harvested and planted each year after the alpinia japonica is planted, underground ginger blocks are harvested in 12 months of 4 th year after the alpinia japonica is planted, and 900kg of fresh products are harvested per mu.
Claims (6)
1. A method for three-dimensionally planting alpinia japonica and ganoderma lucidum in new forestation areas in the south of Ling is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Forest land selection: selecting a new afforestation land in a Ling-nan area within 2 years of planting the tree, wherein the gradient of the afforestation land is less than 15 degrees;
2) Wild-like planting of ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks: the method comprises the steps of (1) starting ridging at a place 70cm away from plants in tree rows of a new forestation site, wherein the ridge height is 10cm, transversely digging a ganoderma lucidum planting ditch with the width of 15cm and the depth of 15cm on the ridge every 60cm, selecting fungus sticks with the diameter of 13-15cm, cutting fungus sticks and fungus bags of ganoderma lucidum, taking out fungus sticks, horizontally placing the fungus sticks in the dug ganoderma lucidum planting ditch along the ditch, connecting the fungus sticks end to end, covering with crushed soil, pressing a proper amount of soil around the fungus sticks to ensure that the periphery of the fungus sticks does not form a cavity, covering a soil layer with the thickness of 2-3cm on the fungus sticks, and covering a layer of hay on the soil layer; developing the wild-imitating planting of the ganoderma lucidum without watering, fertilizing and spraying any pesticide;
3) Wild-like planting of alpinia japonica: digging holes between the ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks according to the line spacing of 50cm multiplied by 60cm on the ridge for planting the ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks for 4-5 months, applying 1.5kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each hole with the depth of 15-20 cm and the length of 25-30 cm, uniformly mixing with soil, then placing a section of rhizome of alpinia japonica, placing seeds while filling soil with the bud heads upwards, and covering fine surface soil for 5-7 cm; wild-like planting of alpinia japonica is developed without watering and spraying any pesticide;
4) Weeding and fertilizing: before the alpinia japonica is sealed, removing grass in the range of 7-10cm beside the ganoderma lucidum buds, but retaining grass in the range of 10-25cm, and completely removing grass outside 25 cm; after Jiang Feng lines of alpinia japonica, all weeds are removed, soil loosening is combined around plants to perform earthing and topdressing, 1.0-1.3kg of organic fertilizer is topplied to each plant of alpinia japonica, and 0.5-0.8kg of organic fertilizer is topplied to each plant of alpinia japonica every year after the second year to the harvesting year of ginger blocks;
5) Ganoderma lucidum and mountain Jiang Caishou: harvesting the first tide ganoderma lucidum from the bottom of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months each year, and harvesting the second tide ganoderma lucidum from 9-10 months, wherein the continuous harvesting can be carried out for 4 years; the fruits are collected every year, underground ginger blocks are collected and excavated 4-5 years after planting, and the collection time of the underground ginger blocks is 10-12 months.
2. The method for three-dimensional planting of alpinia japonica and ganoderma lucidum in new forestation areas in the south of the Ling area, according to claim 1, wherein the alpinia japonica variety is selected from varieties of which underground ginger blocks are harvested for more than 4 years, adult plant heights are more than 80cm and the length of the underground ginger blocks is less than 50cm after 2 years.
3. The method for three-dimensionally planting alpinia japonica and ganoderma lucidum in new forestation areas in the south of the Ling area according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the alpinia japonica variety is selected from galanga, alpinia galanga or alpinia japonica.
4. The method for three-dimensional planting of alpinia japonica and ganoderma lucidum in new forestation areas in the south of the Ling area, according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the thickness of the hay is 5cm.
5. The method for three-dimensional planting of alpinia japonica and ganoderma lucidum in a new afforestation area in the south of the Ling area, according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the new afforestation area is a camellia oleifera new afforestation area, an star anise new afforestation area or a fir new afforestation area.
6. The method for three-dimensional planting of alpinia japonica and ganoderma lucidum in new forestation areas in the south of the Ling area, which is characterized in that in the step 2), ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks are obtained by inoculating ganoderma lucidum strains after sterilizing segmented wood raw materials, wherein the length of each fungus stick is 20-30cm.
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