CN116769611A - 一种产糖化酶的曲霉属菌株、糟醅发酵方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种产糖化酶的曲霉属菌株、糟醅发酵方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了涉及一种产糖化酶的曲霉属菌株、糟醅发酵方法及其应用,涉及微生物工程技术领域。其保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2022433。本发明提供的曲霉属菌株可应用于强化糟醅微生物群落,简化糟醅微生物群落组成,提高发酵效率。当应用于糟醅发酵,可以使糟醅中淀粉含量降低,提高还原糖含量,且显著增加糟醅酒精度。此外,还可提高糟醅中酯类化合物的浓度,增强糟醅的风味质量。因此,具有制备为菌剂以及直接用于糟醅发酵的良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物工程技术领域,具体而言,涉及一种产糖化酶的曲霉属菌株、糟醅发酵方法及其应用。
背景技术
糖化酶(Glucoamylase),又称葡萄糖淀粉酶,学名为α-1,4-葡萄糖水解酶,可由多种微生物分泌得到。糖化酶能把淀粉从非还原性未端水解α-1,4-葡萄糖苷键产生葡萄糖,也能缓慢α-1,6葡萄糖苷键,转化为葡萄糖。同时也能水解糊精,糖原的非还原末端释放β-D-葡萄糖。糖化酶广泛应用于酒精、白酒、黄酒、抗生素、味精、氨基酸、有机酸、甘油、葡萄糖、高果糖浆等工业中,是工业生产中重要酶类之一,也是我国产量最大的酶制剂产品。目前,发酵工业中应用的糖化酶来源多是曲霉。
浓香型大曲是采用传统自然接种方式制作的酿酒发酵剂,含有大量的微生物和其分泌的酶,在白酒酿造过程中,大曲中微生物分泌的酶参与了酿酒过程中的淀粉液化、淀粉糖化、碳水化合物发酵以及风味物质的形成,所以大曲的质量的优劣对出酒率以及酒的质量有着巨大影响。
白酒酿造过程中,需要大曲提供微生物对原料进行转化,其中较为重要的步骤是淀粉的糖化,淀粉糖化之后会转变为葡萄糖,为后续的发酵提供原料。在淀粉糖化的过程中,糖化酶是最重要的酶类,该过程中的糖化酶多来自大曲中的曲霉、毛霉、根霉,淀粉糖化生成葡萄糖,也为这些微生物提供营养物质,有利于微生物的生长代谢。因此糖化酶的活力是评价大曲质量的重要指标之一,糖化酶的酶活越高,越有利于原料的利用和出酒率的提高。所以筛选糖化酶的菌株对于提高大曲糖化酶活力具有重要意义,同时也是提升浓香型白酒品质的主要措施之一。
鉴于此,特提出本发明。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种产糖化酶的曲霉属菌株、糟醅发酵方法及其应用。
本发明是这样实现的:
第一方面,本发明提供了一种产糖化酶的曲霉属菌株(Aspergillus sp.F5),其于2022年4月20日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏地址为:中国,武汉,武汉大学。保藏编号为CCTCCNO:M 2022433,分类命名为Aspergillus sp.F5。鉴定结果为存活。
本发明提供的曲霉分离筛选自大曲粉,经过72h PDA斜面培养基培养,起初的菌落为白色绒毛状,之后转变为淡黄色,最后呈现灰绿色,干燥,密集,不透明,菌丝互相缠绕,易挑起。
发明人提供大量实验证实,本发明的曲霉属菌对糟醅具有强化作用,可以作为提高糟醅理化性质和风味物质含量的功能菌株。
在本发明应用较佳的实施方式中,上述菌株固体发酵平均产糖化酶酶活力为2200-2800U/g。
第二方面,本发明还提供了一种菌剂,其包括上述的曲霉属菌株。菌剂的形态包括不限于:粉剂、溶液剂、悬浮液剂、乳浊液剂。
第三方面,本发明还提供了一种曲霉属菌株或菌剂在制备糖化酶中的应用。例如,曲霉属菌株或菌剂发酵至菌体自溶严重,酶活无明显提高时放罐;经过提取和精制获得糖化酶成品酶制剂。
第四方面,本发明还提供了一种曲霉属菌株或菌剂在制备还原糖中的应用。还原糖例如选自葡萄糖。
第五方面,本发明还提供了一种曲霉属菌株或菌剂在糟醅发酵中的应用。曲霉属菌株或菌剂对糟醅具有强化作用,强化糟醅微生物群落,简化糟醅微生物群落组成,提高发酵效率。可以作为提高糟醅理化性质和风味物质含量的功能菌株。
在本发明应用较佳的实施方式中,曲霉属菌株或菌剂具有如下至少一种的用途:
(1)降低糟醅淀粉含量;
(2)提高糟醅还原糖含量;
(3)提高糟醅酒精度;
(4)提高糟醅中酯类化合物的含量;
以及(5)强化糟醅微生物群落,简化糟醅微生物群落组成。
本发明提供的曲霉属菌株可应用于强化糟醅微生物群落,简化糟醅微生物群落组成,提高发酵效率。当应用于糟醅发酵,可以使糟醅中淀粉含量降低,提高还原糖含量,且显著增加糟醅酒精度。此外,还可提高糟醅中酯类化合物的浓度,增强糟醅的风味质量。
酯类化合物选自己酸乙酯、庚酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯和棕榈酸乙酯中的至少一种。
第六方面,本发明还提供了一种使用上述的曲霉属菌株或菌剂进行糟醅发酵的方法,其包括如下步骤:将窖糟醅与上述的曲霉属菌株或上述的菌剂混合,密封无氧发酵;
在本发明应用较佳的实施方式中,曲霉属菌株或菌剂的添加量占窖糟醅添加质量的8-12%。
在本发明应用较佳的实施方式中,密封无氧发酵28-30天。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明提供的曲霉属菌株可应用于强化糟醅微生物群落,简化糟醅微生物群落组成,提高发酵效率。当应用于糟醅发酵,可以使糟醅中淀粉含量降低,提高还原糖含量,且显著增加糟醅酒精度。此外,还可提高糟醅中酯类化合物的浓度,增强糟醅的风味质量。因此,具有制备为菌剂以及直接用于糟醅发酵的良好的应用前景。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,应当理解,以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施例,因此不应被看作是对范围的限定,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本发明筛选出的菌株对糟醅淀粉含量、还原糖含量、酒精度的影响结果统计结果图;
图2为本发明筛选出的菌株进行糟醅发酵后,糟醅中四种酯类化合物含量测定结果图;
图3为系统发育进化树;
图4为糟醅微生物互作关系结果图,(A)对照糟醅微生物群落属间互作关系;(B)强化糟醅微生物群落属间互作关系。
具体实施方式
现将详细地提供本发明实施方式的参考,其一个或多个实例描述于下文。提供每一实例作为解释而非限制本发明。实际上,对本领域技术人员而言,显而易见的是,可以对本发明进行多种修改和变化而不背离本发明的范围或精神。例如,作为一个实施方式的部分而说明或描述的特征可以用于另一实施方式中,来产生更进一步的实施方式。
除非另外指明,否则实践本发明将采用细胞生物学、分子生物学(包含重组技术)、微生物学、生物化学和免疫学的常规技术,所述常规技术在本领域技术人员的能力范围内。文献中充分解释了这种技术,如《分子克隆:实验室手册(Molecular Cloning:ALaboratory Manual)》,第二版(Sambrook等人,1989);《寡核苷酸合成(OligonucleotideSynthesis)》(M.J.Gait编,1984);《动物细胞培养(Animal Cell Culture)》(R.I.Freshney编,1987);《酶学方法(Methods in Enzymology)》(学术出版社有限公司(Academic Press,Inc.);《实验免疫学手册(Handbook of Experimental Immunology)》(D.M.Weir和C.C.Blackwell编);《哺乳动物细胞用基因转移载体(Gene Transfer Vectors forMammalian Cells)》(J.M.Miller和M.P.Calos编,1987);《当代分子生物学方法(CurrentProtocols in Molecular Biology)》(F.M.Ausubel等人编,1987);《PCR:聚合酶链反应(PCR:The Polymerase Chain Reaction)》(Mullis等人编,1994);以及《当代免疫学方法(Current Protocols in Immunology)》(J.E.Coligan等人编,1991),所述文献中的每个文献均通过引用明确并入本文中。
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
以下结合实施例对本发明的特征和性能作进一步的详细描述。
实施例1
本实施例进行曲霉属菌株的筛选。
本实施例所使用的初筛培养基、复筛培养基和麸皮培养基,配方为:
初筛培养基:200g土豆,20g葡萄糖,20g琼脂,1000mL蒸馏水;
复筛培养基:可溶性淀粉12g,酵母膏8g,NaCl 5g,琼脂20g,蒸馏水1000mL;
麸皮培养基:20g麸皮,20mL蒸馏水,0.12MPa高压灭菌40min,降温至30℃左右,重复40min进行二次灭菌。
(1)将适量浓香型大曲粉碎,称取5g大曲粉,加入装有100mL无菌水和适量玻璃珠的三角瓶中,于180r/pm的摇床中振荡10min。将菌液分别稀释至10-1、10-2、10-3、10-4、10-5浓度。每个浓度吸取0.3mL涂布于初筛培养基上,每个浓度涂布3块平板。置于28℃恒温箱中培养3d。利用无菌接种针,挑取初筛培养基中的单霉菌群落于复筛培养基上,在28℃条件下静置培养72h,向复筛培养基中加入1mL稀碘液,3min后观察透明圈出现情况,选择出现透明圈的菌落进行后续固态培养。
(2)将目标菌落挑入无菌水中,配制成菌悬液,确保孢子数在106个/mL左右,按10%的接种量接入麸皮培养基,摇匀,置于28℃培养3d,每12h摇匀一次。将固体培养基所得产物倒入无菌牛皮纸袋,于40℃下通风干燥24h,制得曲霉菌粉。
(3)将菌粉在醋酸缓冲液中浸提,低温离心得到上清液即为酶液。利用DNS法对菌粉酶活进行测定。分离出糖化酶活力最高的菌株为目标菌株,并进行ITS鉴定。系统发育进化树参照图3所示,鉴定结果表明,糖化酶活力最高的真菌为Aspergillus sp.。
本发明提供的曲霉经过72h PDA斜面培养基培养,起初的菌落为白色绒毛状,之后转变为淡黄色,最后呈现灰绿色,干燥,密集,不透明,菌丝互相缠绕,易挑起,菌落铺满整个斜面。本发明提供的黄曲霉所产糖化酶活力为2048.52U/g。
实施例2
曲霉属菌株在模拟酿造中的应用。
(1)取400g入窖糟醅,加入40g实施例1分离获得的曲霉属菌粉,密封无氧发酵28d,设置不加菌粉的糟醅为空白对照组。
(2)发酵结束,按照DB 34T2264-2014的方法,对糟醅的淀粉含量、还原糖含量和酒精度进行测定。
(3)分别对糟醅的风味物质(酯类化合物)的含量进行测定。
测定结果见图1和图2。图1结果表明,发酵结束时,接入Aspergillus sp.F5的糟醅的淀粉含量为12.375%,普通糟醅的淀粉含量为15.75%,表明Aspergillus sp.F5能够更好地利用淀粉,提升淀粉的利用率。
接入Aspergillus sp.F5的糟醅还原糖含量为2.42%,普通糟醅还原糖含量为1.42%,表明Aspergillus sp.F5能够增加糟醅还原糖含量。
接入Aspergillus sp.F5的糟醅酒精度为6.67%,普通糟醅酒精度为5.5%,表明Aspergillus sp.F5具有提高乙醇含量的能力。
图2展示了糟醅中四大主要酯类化合物的含量。接入Aspergillussp.F5的糟醅中己酸乙酯含量达20.42μg/g,普通糟醅中己酸乙酯含量为13.61μg/g。接入Aspergillussp.F5的糟醅中庚酸乙酯含量达1.83μg/g,普通糟醅中庚酸乙酯含量为1.48μg/g。接入Aspergillus sp.F5的糟醅中辛酸乙酯含量达3.23μg/g,普通糟醅中辛酸乙酯含量为2.12μg/g;接入Aspergillus sp.F5的糟醅中棕榈酸乙酯含量达8.51μg/g,普通糟醅中棕榈酸乙酯含量为3.41μg/g。上述结果表明Aspergillus sp.F5有增加糟醅酯类化合物含量的能力,通过提高糟醅中酯类化合物的浓度,增强糟醅的风味质量。
实施例3
Aspergillus sp.简化糟醅微生物群落。
(1)Aspergillus sp.能够减少糟醅微生物群落OTU数
表1数据为糟醅细菌和真菌OTU组成情况,由表1数据可知,对照糟醅(同实施例2的条件密封无氧发酵28d,不含菌粉无氧发酵而得)中细菌OTU总数为1484种,而强化糟醅(添加有Aspergillussp.密封无氧发酵28d)中为890种;对照糟醅中真菌OTU总数为801种,强化糟醅中为622种。由此可见,Aspergillus sp.的加入,有助于简化微生物群落的物种数量。
表1糟醅OTU
(2)Aspergillus sp.能够简化微生物间互作关系
通过对比对照糟醅与强化糟醅中微生物群落属间互作关系,发现对照糟醅中的微生物互作关系多于强化糟醅中的微生物互作关系。
图4表明,对照糟醅中细菌的相互作用关系更加密集且复杂,其中Weissella、Bacillus、Lactococcus、Leuconostoc等几种优势细菌属间呈现正相关关系,但与另一优势菌属Lactobacillus呈负相关关系;对照糟醅真菌群落属间存在的互作关系较少,其中优势真菌属Aspergillus、Thermoascus与Kazachstania呈现负相关关系,而与Saccharomycopsis呈现正相关关系。强化糟醅中优势细菌属间互作关系同对照糟醅相似,主要体现在Bacillus与Lactobacillus的负相关关系;强化糟醅中的互作关系主要体现在真菌群落,Aspergillus在对照糟醅中与细菌无联系,但在强化糟醅中Aspergillus与7种细菌呈现出正相关关系,其中包括优势菌属Bacillus。同时,Aspergillus与Lactobacillus呈现负相关关系;Pichia在对照糟醅中与8种微生物呈负相关关系,但在强化糟醅中则与6种微生物呈现正相关关系。由此可见,外源添加的Aspergillus sp.可能改变了糟醅中部分真菌微生物间的互作关系,同时减少了细菌微生物间的互作关系。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种产糖化酶的曲霉属菌株(Aspergillus sp.F5),其特征在于,其保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M2022433。
2.根据权利要求1所述的曲霉属菌株,其特征在于,所述菌株固体发酵平均产糖化酶酶活力为2200~2800U/g。
3.一种菌剂,其特征在于,其包括权利要求1所述的曲霉属菌株。
4.一种如权利要求1-2任一项所述的曲霉属菌株或权利要求3所述的菌剂在制备糖化酶中的应用。
5.一种如权利要求1-2任一项所述的曲霉属菌株或权利要求3所述的菌剂在制备还原糖中的应用。
6.一种如权利要求1-2任一项所述的曲霉属菌株或权利要求3所述的菌剂在糟醅发酵中的应用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述曲霉属菌株或菌剂具有如下至少一种的用途:
(1)降低糟醅淀粉含量;
(2)提高糟醅还原糖含量;
(3)提高糟醅酒精度;
(4)提高糟醅中酯类化合物的含量;
以及(5)强化糟醅微生物群落,简化糟醅微生物群落组成;
优选地,所述酯类化合物选自己酸乙酯、庚酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯和棕榈酸乙酯中的至少一种。
8.一种使用权利要求1-2任一项所述的曲霉属菌株或权利要求3所述的菌剂进行糟醅发酵的方法,其特征在于,其包括如下步骤:将窖糟醅与权利要求1-2任一项所述的曲霉属菌株或权利要求3所述的菌剂混合,密封无氧发酵。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述曲霉属菌株或菌剂的添加量占所述窖糟醅添加质量的8-12%。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,密封无氧发酵28-30天。
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