CN116744559A - Automatic pin punching mechanism and pin punching method for PCB numerical control machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic doweling mechanism for PCB CNC machine tools, which includes a doweling assembly, a dowel box holder and a dowel box. The doweling assembly includes a mechanism mounting plate, and the mechanism mounting plate is close to the side of the bakelite workbench. An upper and lower driving device is provided at the top. The mechanism mounting plate is provided with a sliding connecting plate on one side close to the bakelite workbench and close to the bottom through a sliding component. The upper and lower driving devices are connected to the sliding connecting plate and drive the sliding connecting plate. Move up and down along the sliding part. The invention also discloses an automatic doweling method for a PCB CNC machine tool.

Description

An automatic pin-driving mechanism and pin-driving method for PCB CNC machine tools

This invention is a divisional application of the Chinese invention patent titled "An automatic doweling mechanism and doweling method for PCB CNC machine tools" application number: 201910729684.1, application date: 2019.08.08.

Technical field

The invention belongs to the field of PCB processing and manufacturing, and specifically relates to an automatic doweling mechanism and a doweling method of a PCB CNC machine tool.

Background technique

The PCB pins currently on the market are made by first using a spindle to drill holes into the bakelite board on the workbench, and then the operator drives the pins into the pin holes on the bakelite board to prevent PCB deviation during processing. Factors such as shifting or warping or rotation will affect the quality of the product after processing. This series of operations are all manual operations, which consume most of the personnel's time and waste time and efficiency. Moreover, as the types of PCBs processed on bakelite boards increase later, there will be more and more pin holes on the bakeboard boards. In the future, the operators will not be able to find the drilled pin holes, or it will be difficult to find them, which will greatly affect the processing. efficiency.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an automatic doweling mechanism and a doweling method for a PCB CNC machine tool in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, so as to realize the automation and precision of the entire doweling process and greatly improve the automation of the machine tool. degree, while improving production efficiency and effectiveness.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an automatic pin-driving mechanism of a PCB CNC machine tool, which includes a plurality of pins that are arranged on the moving component of the PCB CNC machine tool close to the drilling component and can move horizontally with the moving component of the PCB CNC machine tool. component, several bakelite worktables arranged on the PCB CNC machine tool at one end away from the moving component and corresponding to several pin box fixing seats, and a pin box arranged on the top of each pin box fixing seat, The dowel assembly includes a mechanism mounting plate connected to the moving component of the PCB CNC machine tool. The mechanism mounting plate is provided with an up and down drive device on one side close to the bakelite workbench and near the top. The mechanism mounting plate is close to the bakelite board. A sliding connection plate is provided on one side of the workbench near the bottom through a sliding component. The upper and lower driving devices are connected with the sliding connecting plate and drive the sliding connecting plate to move up and down along the sliding component. A downward pressure is provided on the lower surface of the sliding connecting plate. The mechanism body is provided with a chuck at a certain distance from the lower surface of the pressing mechanism body. A guide rod extending to the inside of the chuck is provided inside the pressing mechanism body. The pressing mechanism body The top is provided with a press-down driving device that is connected to the guide rod and drives the guide bar to move up and down in the press-down mechanism body and the chuck. The side of the press-down mechanism body away from the sliding connection plate is provided with a press-down drive device that is connected to the chuck and drives the chuck to open. and closed gripper drive.

In one embodiment, the upper and lower driving devices are at least one of a hydraulic mechanism, a motor screw assembly, a linear motor, a cylinder, an electric push rod, a rack and pinion assembly, or a worm gear assembly.

In one embodiment, the sliding component is at least one of a ball slider and guide rail assembly, a cylindrical guide rail and slider assembly, a V-shaped guide rail and slider assembly, or a dovetail guide rail and slider assembly.

In one embodiment, a guide bearing is provided inside the pressing mechanism body at a position outside the guide rod.

In one embodiment, the downward pressure driving device is at least one of a hydraulic mechanism, a motor screw assembly, a linear motor, a cylinder, an electric push rod, a rack and pinion assembly, or a worm gear assembly.

In one embodiment, the gripper driving device is at least one of a hydraulic mechanism, a motor screw assembly, a linear motor, a cylinder, an electric push rod, a rack and pinion assembly, or a worm gear assembly.

In one embodiment, the chuck includes a first chuck and a second chuck. The first chuck includes a first connecting part and a first clamping part that are connected to each other. The first connecting part and the clamping part are connected to each other. The hand drive device is connected, a first clamping hole is opened on one side of the end of the first clamping part away from the first clamping part, and the second clamping head includes a second connecting part and a second clamping part that are connected to each other. part, the second connecting part is connected to the clamp driving device, a second clamping hole is opened on one side of one end of the second clamping part away from the second clamping part, the first clamping hole and the third Two clamping holes are arranged oppositely. When the first clamping head and the second clamping head are closed under the drive of the clamping hand driving device, a clampable pin is formed between the first clamping hole and the second clamping hole. A clamping cavity within which the guide rod can move.

In one embodiment, the first and second clamping parts of the first and second clamps are respectively provided with a first guide part and a second guide part at the top, and the first guide part and The guide surfaces of the second guide part are arranged oppositely.

The invention also discloses an automatic doweling method for PCB CNC machine tools, which includes the following steps:

a. Use the detection component installed on the PCB CNC machine tool to detect the PCB after drilling. If the pin hole meets the drilling requirements, return to the drilling step. If it meets the drilling requirements, enter step b;

b. The moving component of the PCB CNC machine tool drives the pin-driving component to move above the pin box, and the clamp hand driving device drives the chuck to open, and enter step c;

c. The upper and lower driving devices push the sliding connecting plate downward, the clamping hand driving device drives the chuck to close, and the chuck clamps the pin. The upper and lower driving devices pull the sliding connecting plate to move upward under the guidance of the sliding component, and enter step d;

d. The moving component of the PCB CNC machine tool drives the pin-driving component to move above the designated pin hole. The upper and lower driving devices push the sliding connection plate downwards, and send the lower part of the pin into the pin hole, and enter step e;

e. The downward pressure driving device drives the guide rod to reciprocate up and down to hit the top of the pin. After the pin enters the pin hole to a qualified length and does not fall off, stop hitting and enter step f;

f. Repeat steps b-e until pins are driven into all designated pin holes on the PCB and proceed to step g;

g. Use the detection component to detect the pin striking effect in all designated pin holes of the PCB. If the striking effect is qualified, the pin punching is completed. If the striking effect is unqualified, the unqualified pin information is obtained. The pin punching component moves above the pin and repeats step e. Until the test is passed, the pin driving is completed.

In one embodiment, the detection component is at least one of a CCD camera component, a metal sensor component, an infrared sensor component or an optical fiber sensor component.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention is aimed at optimizing the efficiency of the PCB fixing link. The original manual pin finding, pin punching and other links of the PCB fixing pin are all pulled by an automated mechanism grafted on the internal coordinate system of the machine tool. Realization, this can save the time spent by personnel on driving pins and finding pin holes, and can be used for multi-axis equipment, which is flexible and multi-purpose, reducing the time spent by personnel at this stage, improving the work efficiency of personnel and equipment and reducing Auxiliary losses.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the present invention and a PCB CNC machine tool;

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

Figure 4 is an exploded view of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the mechanism mounting plate of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the sliding connecting plate of the present invention;

Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the pressing mechanism of the present invention;

Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the chuck of the present invention;

Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the first chuck of the present invention;

Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the second chuck of the present invention;

In the picture: 1. Moving component; 2. Drilling component; 3. Bakelite workbench; 4. Pin box holder; 5. Pin box; 6. Mechanism mounting plate; 7. Up and down drive device; 8. Sliding parts; 9. Sliding connecting plate; 10. Press down mechanism body; 11. Collet; 12. Guide rod; 13. Press down drive device; 14. Clamp drive device; 15. Guide bearing; 111. First chuck; 112 , second chuck; 113, clamping cavity; 1111, first connecting part; 1112, first clamping part; 1113, first clamping hole; 1114, first guide part; 1121, second connecting part; 1122 , the second clamping part; 1123, the second clamping hole; 1124, the second guide part.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in Figures 1 to 10, an automatic doweling mechanism of a PCB CNC machine tool includes several moving components 1 arranged near the drilling component 2 of the PCB CNC machine tool and can move horizontally with the moving components 1 of the PCB CNC machine tool. The dowel assembly, several bakelite workbench 3 arranged on the PCB CNC machine tool away from one end of the moving component 1 and corresponding to the several dowel assemblies, and the pin box fixing seats 4 provided on each of the dowel boxes The pin box 5 on the top of the seat 4. The pin assembly includes a mechanism mounting plate 6 connected to the moving component 1 of the PCB CNC machine tool. The mechanism mounting plate 6 is provided on one side of the bakelite workbench 3 and near the top. The upper and lower driving device 7 is provided with a sliding connection plate 9 through a sliding component 8 on one side of the mechanism mounting plate 6 close to the bakelite workbench 3 and close to the bottom. The upper and lower driving device 7 is connected to the sliding connection plate 9 and drives the sliding The connecting plate 9 moves up and down along the sliding component 8. The lower surface of the sliding connecting plate 9 is provided with a press-down mechanism body 10. A chuck is provided below the press-down mechanism body 10 and is at a certain distance from the lower surface of the press-down mechanism body 10. 11. The inside of the pressing mechanism body 10 is provided with a guide rod 12 extending to the inside of the chuck 11. The top of the pressing mechanism body 10 is connected with the guide rod 12 and drives the guide rod 12 between the pressing mechanism body 10 and the clamp. A pressing driving device 13 moves up and down in the head 11. The pressing mechanism body 10 is provided with a clamping hand driving device 14 on the side away from the sliding connecting plate 9 that is connected to the chuck 11 and drives the chuck 11 to open and close.

In this embodiment, the upper and lower driving devices 7 are at least one of a hydraulic mechanism, a motor screw assembly, a linear motor, a cylinder, an electric push rod, a rack and pinion assembly, or a worm gear assembly.

In this embodiment, the sliding component 8 is at least one of a ball slider and guide rail assembly, a cylindrical guide rail and slider assembly, a V-shaped guide rail and slider assembly, or a dovetail guide rail and slider assembly.

In this embodiment, a guide bearing 15 is provided inside the pressing mechanism body 10 at a position outside the guide rod 12 .

In this embodiment, the pressing down driving device 13 is at least one of a hydraulic mechanism, a motor screw assembly, a linear motor, a cylinder, an electric push rod, a rack and pinion assembly, or a worm gear assembly.

In this embodiment, the gripper driving device 14 is at least one of a hydraulic mechanism, a motor screw assembly, a linear motor, a cylinder, an electric push rod, a rack and pinion assembly, or a worm gear assembly.

In this embodiment, the chuck 11 includes a first chuck 11 head and a second chuck 11 head. The first chuck 11 head includes a first connecting part 1111 and a first clamping part 1112 that are connected to each other. The first connecting part 1111 is connected to the clamp driving device 14. A first clamping hole 1113 is opened on one side of the end of the first clamping part 1112 away from the first clamping part 1112. The second clamping head The head 11 includes a second connecting part 1211 and a second clamping part 1212 that are connected to each other. The second connecting part 1211 is connected to the clamping hand driving device 14. The second clamping part 1212 is away from the second clamping part 1212. A second clamping hole 1213 is opened on one side of one end. The first clamping hole 1113 and the second clamping hole 1213 are arranged oppositely. When the first clamping head 11 and the second clamping head 11 are in the clamping hand, When closed under the driving of the driving device 14, a clamping cavity 113 is formed between the first clamping hole 1113 and the second clamping hole 1213, which can clamp the pin and allow the guide rod 12 to move inside it.

In this embodiment, a first guide part 1114 and a second guide part 1124 are respectively provided on the tops of the first clamping part 1112 and the second clamping part 1212 of the first and second clamping heads 11 and 11, respectively. The guide surfaces of the first guide part 1114 and the second guide part 1124 are arranged oppositely.

This mechanism is based on the PCB CNC machine tool. The automatic pin driving mechanism is set on the moving component 1 of the PCB CNC machine tool. The pin box fixing seat 4 is set on the side of the bakelite workbench 3 of the PCB CNC machine tool. The pin box 5 is fixed on The inside of the pin box holder 4.

The pin box fixing base 4 can be connected to the bakelite workbench 3 of the PCB CNC machine tool, and the shape and size are subject to the ability to fix the pin box 5. The shape and size of the pin box 5 are determined according to the PCB parameters and striking requirements. The mechanism mounting plate 6, the sliding connecting plate 9 and the pressing mechanism body 10 only need to be able to connect various components, and their shapes and sizes can be adjusted according to the actual situation.

The upper and lower driving device 7, the lower pressure driving device 13 and the clamping hand driving device 14 of this mechanism are at least one of a hydraulic mechanism, a motor screw assembly, a linear motor, a cylinder, an electric push rod, a rack and pinion assembly or a worm gear assembly. The above-mentioned hydraulic mechanism, motor screw assembly, linear motor, cylinder, electric push rod, rack and pinion assembly or turbine worm assembly are all existing technologies, and will not be described separately in this application. At the same time, the model and performance of the above-mentioned driving device are determined based on comprehensive factors such as PCB CNC machine tool performance, PCB parameters, and pin parameters, and will not be described separately in this application. However, the up and down driving device 7, the pressing down driving device 13 and the gripper driving device 14 are not limited to the above-mentioned driving devices. Existing conventional linear driving devices and driving devices that convert rotation into linear motion can also be used as the driving devices of this mechanism.

The sliding component 8 of this mechanism is at least one of a ball slider and guide rail assembly, a cylindrical guide rail and a slider assembly, a V-shaped guide rail and a slider set, or a dovetail guide rail and slider assembly; the above-mentioned ball slider and guide rail assembly, cylindrical guide rail and slider assembly The guide rail and slider assembly, the V-shaped guide rail and slider assembly, or the dovetail guide rail and slider assembly are all existing technologies and will not be described in detail in this application. At the same time, the model and performance of the above-mentioned sliding component 8 are determined based on comprehensive factors such as PCB CNC machine tool performance, PCB parameters, and pin parameters, and will not be described separately in this application. However, the sliding part 8 of this mechanism is limited to the above-mentioned components. Various existing precision or non-precision guide mechanisms can be used as the sliding part of this mechanism.

When doweling, the automatic doweling mechanism moves through the moving component 1 of the PCB CNC machine tool. The moving component 1 of the PCB CNC machine tool drives the automatic pin driving mechanism to move above the pin box 5, and the clamp driving device 14 drives the chuck 11 to open; the upper and lower driving devices 7 push the sliding connecting plate 9 to move downward under the guidance of the sliding component 8; The hand driving device 14 drives the chuck 11 to close, and the chuck 11 clamps the pin. The upper and lower driving devices 7 pull the sliding connecting plate 9 to move upward under the guidance of the sliding component 8; the moving component 1 of the PCB CNC machine tool drives the automatic pin-driving mechanism to move to Above the corresponding pin hole, the upper and lower driving device 7 pushes the sliding connecting plate 9 to move downward under the guidance of the sliding component 8, sending the lower part of the pin into the pin hole; the downward pressing driving device 13 drives the guide rod 12 to move up and down to hit the top of the pin; repeat Follow the above steps until pins are driven into all designated pin holes on the PCB.

The invention also discloses an automatic doweling method for PCB CNC machine tools, which includes the following steps:

Step 1. Use the detection component installed on the PCB CNC machine tool to detect the PCB after drilling. If the pin hole meets the drilling requirements, return to the drilling step. If it meets the drilling requirements, go to step 2;

Step 2. The moving component of the PCB CNC machine tool drives the pin-driving component to move above the pin box. The clamping hand driving device drives the chuck to open, and enter step 3;

Step 3: The upper and lower driving devices push the sliding connecting plate downward, the clamp driving device drives the chuck to close, and the chuck clamps the pin. The upper and lower driving devices pull the sliding connecting plate to move upward under the guidance of the sliding component, and enter step 4;

Step 4. The moving component of the PCB CNC machine tool drives the pin-driving component to move above the designated pin hole. The upper and lower driving devices push the sliding connecting plate downwards and send the lower part of the pin into the pin hole. Step 5 is entered;

Step 5: Press down on the driving device to drive the guide rod up and down to hit the top of the pin. After the pin enters the pin hole to a qualified length and does not fall off, stop hitting and proceed to step 6;

Step 6. Repeat steps 2 to 5 until pins are driven into all designated pin holes on the PCB and proceed to step 7;

Step 7. Use the detection component to detect the pin striking effect in all designated pin holes of the PCB. If the striking effect is qualified, the pin drilling is completed. If the striking effect is unqualified, the unqualified pin information is obtained. The pin drilling component moves to the pin and repeats step 5. , until the test is qualified and the pin driving is completed.

In this embodiment, the detection component is at least one of a CCD camera component, a metal sensor component, an infrared sensor component or an optical fiber sensor component.

The detection component in this pin driving method is at least one of a CCD camera component, a metal sensor component, an infrared sensor component or an optical fiber sensor component; the above-mentioned CCD camera component, metal sensor component, infrared sensor component or optical fiber sensor component are all modern There is technology, which will not be described separately in this application. At the same time, the model and performance of the above-mentioned detection components are determined based on comprehensive factors such as PCB CNC machine tool performance, PCB parameters, and pin parameters, and will not be described separately in this application.

The above-described embodiments only express specific implementations of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An automatic pin-driving mechanism for PCB CNC machine tools, which is characterized in that it includes a moving component, a pin-driving component that can move horizontally with the moving component, a pin box fixing seat, a pin box arranged on the pin box fixing seat, and drilling components, When driving a pin, the moving component moves, driving the pin driving component to move to the pin box to clamp the pin; then the moving component drives the pin driving component to move to the corresponding pin hole, and sends the lower part of the pin into the pin hole. inside the pin hole. 2. The automatic pin-driving mechanism of a PCB CNC machine tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pin-driving component is disposed close to the drilling component, and the pin box holder is disposed on the workbench away from the position. one end of the mobile component. 3. The automatic doweling mechanism of PCB CNC machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that the doweling assembly includes a mechanism mounting plate connected to the moving assembly, and the mechanism mounting plate is provided with an upper and lower driving device and a sliding mechanism. The connecting plate, the upper and lower driving device is connected with the sliding connecting plate and drives the sliding connecting plate to move up and down. A pressing mechanism body is provided below the sliding connecting plate. The pressing mechanism body is provided with a chuck. The pressing mechanism The body is also provided with a clamp hand driving device connected to the chuck and driving the chuck to open and close; When driving the pin, the moving component drives the automatic pin driving mechanism to move to the top of the pin box. The clamp driving device drives the chuck to open. The upper and lower driving devices push the sliding connecting plate downward. The clamp driving device drives the chuck to close. Clamp the pin, the upper and lower driving devices pull the sliding connecting plate to move up, the moving assembly drives the automatic pin driving mechanism to move above the corresponding pin hole, the upper and lower driving devices push the sliding connecting plate to move downward, and send the lower part of the pin into inside the pin hole. 4. The automatic doweling mechanism of PCB CNC machine tools according to claim 3, characterized in that the inside of the pressing mechanism body is provided with a guide rod extending to the inside of the chuck, and the top of the pressing mechanism body is provided with a guide rod. The lower pressing drive device is connected to the rod and drives the guide rod to move up and down in the lower pressing mechanism body and the chuck; The push-down mechanism body is provided with a guide bearing at a position outside the guide rod. The push-down driving device is a hydraulic mechanism, a motor screw assembly, a linear motor, a cylinder, an electric push rod, a rack and pinion assembly, or a worm gear assembly. at least one of them. 5. The automatic doweling mechanism of PCB CNC machine tools according to claim 3, characterized in that there is a certain distance between the chuck and the lower surface of the pressing mechanism body; The mechanism mounting plate is provided with a sliding connecting plate through a sliding component, and the upper and lower driving device drives the sliding connecting plate to move up and down along the sliding component; The sliding component is at least one of a ball slider and guide rail assembly, a cylindrical guide rail and slider assembly, a V-shaped guide rail and slider assembly, or a dovetail guide rail and slider assembly; The upper and lower driving devices are at least one of a hydraulic mechanism, a motor screw assembly, a linear motor, a cylinder, an electric push rod, a rack and pinion assembly or a turbine worm assembly; The dowel assembly and the drilling assembly are arranged side by side on the moving assembly; The gripper driving device is at least one of a hydraulic mechanism, a motor screw assembly, a linear motor, a cylinder, an electric push rod, a rack and pinion assembly or a worm gear assembly. 6. The automatic doweling mechanism of a PCB CNC machine tool according to claim 3, wherein the chuck includes a first chuck and a second chuck. When the first chuck and the second chuck are clamped, When closed under the driving of the hand driving device, the first and second clamps form a clamping cavity that can clamp the pin and allow the guide rod to move inside it. 7. The automatic doweling mechanism of a PCB CNC machine tool according to claim 6, wherein the first chuck includes a first connecting part and a first clamping part that are connected to each other, and the first connecting part and the clamping part are connected to each other. The hand drive device is connected, a first clamping hole is opened on one side of the end of the first clamping part away from the first clamping part, and the second clamping head includes a second connecting part and a second clamping part that are connected to each other. part, the second connecting part is connected to the clamp driving device, a second clamping hole is opened on one side of one end of the second clamping part away from the second clamping part, the first clamping hole and the third Two clamping holes are arranged oppositely. When the first clamping head and the second clamping head are closed under the drive of the clamping hand driving device, the clamping cavity is formed between the first clamping hole and the second clamping hole. ; The tops of the first and second clamping parts of the first and second clamps are respectively provided with first and second guide parts, and the guide parts of the first and second guide parts are The surfaces are arranged facing each other; and/or the top shapes of the first clamping part and the second clamping part are different. 8. An automatic doweling method for PCB CNC machine tools, which is characterized by including the following steps: a. After drilling the PCB, go to step b; b. The moving component drives the pin driving component to move above the pin box, and the clamp hand driving device drives the chuck to open and enter step c; c. The clamp driving device drives the chuck to close, the chuck clamps the pin, and enters step d; d. The moving component drives the pin-driving component to move above the designated pin hole, and feed the lower part of the pin into the pin hole. 9. The automatic doweling method of PCB CNC machine tools as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that, In step a, the PCB after drilling is detected through the detection component installed on the PCB CNC machine tool. If the pin hole meets the drilling requirements, return to the drilling step. If it meets the drilling requirements, enter step b. In the step c, the upper and lower driving devices push the sliding connecting plate to move downward, the clamping hand driving device drives the chuck to close, and the chuck clamps the pin, and the upper and lower driving devices pull the sliding connecting plate to move upward under the guidance of the sliding component, entering step d; In step d, the moving component of the PCB CNC machine tool drives the pin-driving component to move above the designated pin hole, and the upper and lower driving devices push the sliding connecting plate downward to send the lower part of the pin into the pin hole, and then enter step e; The step e is: press down the driving device to drive the guide rod to strike the top of the pin. After the pin enters the pin hole to a qualified length and does not fall off, stop striking and enter step f; Step f is to repeat steps b to e until pins are driven into all designated pin holes of the PCB. 10. The automatic doweling method of a PCB CNC machine tool as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that after the step f, a step g is also included, and the step g is: detecting the pins in all designated pin holes of the PCB through the detection component. The striking effect, if the striking effect is qualified, the pin driving is completed. If the striking effect is unqualified, the unqualified pin information is obtained, the pin driving component moves to the pin, and step e is repeated until the detection is qualified and the pin driving is completed; The detection component is at least one of a CCD camera component, a metal sensor component, an infrared sensor component or an optical fiber sensor component.