CN116686562A - Cultivation method of southern apple sapling in Gangdongnan region - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a cultivation method of apple sapling in south of Gannan region, comprising the following steps: s1, selecting a stock: selecting plants of Malus genus of Rosaceae family which always exist wild in Gandong south through screening and searching, collecting fruits of Malus genus of Rosaceae family in autumn for separating fruits and seeds, sun-drying and storing for 2 months of the next year for sowing, and obtaining qualified stock for 3 months of the next year; s2, cultivating varieties: s3, apple sapling cultivation. The invention solves the problems that apple trees not only can survive in the Gannan and southward regions, but also can produce high-quality apples with the same taste as the northern apples, and fills the blank that the high-quality apples cannot be planted in the Gannan and southward regions; the cultivated apple seedlings grow well, have normal results, sweet taste, high sugar content and low yield, and are suitable for large-area popularization.

Description

Cultivation method of southern apple sapling in Gangdongnan region

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of apple sapling cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of a southern apple sapling in a Ganyun region.

Background

Apple growth needs to be carried out in a low-temperature and low-humidity area in winter, and ancient times, the theory of 'Nanguo Bei Guo' is given. Apples have been planted only in the north and have not been successfully planted in the south, particularly in the Ganlun southeast high temperature and high humidity areas. At present, most of the apples planted in the south are introduced varieties from the north, even if the apples are planted in the north, the apples can only bear fruits which are small in size, hard in taste and sour and astringent, and the apples are easy to die due to large-area root rot by four or five years, so that the apples cannot be widely planted.

For example, chinese patent publication No. CN103340104B discloses a cultivation method of apple tree seedlings suitable for south Hunan and south Henan areas, comprising the following steps: a. the branches of three apple trees, namely, fuji, gala and Chenyang, are grafted on a south wild sweet tea tree stock in a high position; when the apple grafted seedlings grow to 70 cm, pruning branches of the sweet tea trees on the stocks so as to enable the apple grafted seedlings to grow; b. grafting the south wild sweet tea tree branches on the south wild mountain stator tree stocks in a T-shaped bud 8-9 months in autumn until 20 days before the sweet tea tree branches sprout in the last 3 months of spring of the next year, and pruning the tops of the mountain stator tree stocks; c. c, grafting the branches of the short-branch red Fuji tree grafted in the step a on the sweet tea branches grafted in the step b and growing high in autumn for 8-9 months; d. c, grafting in autumn 8-9 months, and grafting the bud of the short-branch red Fuji apple in the step c onto the malus halliana stock. The apple sapling cultivation method is widely used in the southeast of Hunan, but is not suitable for popularization in the southeast of Gangnan.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a cultivation method of apple seedlings in south of Gan southeast areas.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a method for cultivating seedlings of apples in south of Gannan regions comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting a stock:

selecting plants of Malus genus of Rosaceae family which always exist wild in Gandong south through screening and searching, collecting fruits of Malus genus of Rosaceae family in autumn for separating fruits and seeds, sun-drying and storing for 2 months of the next year for sowing, and obtaining qualified stock for 3 months of the next year;

s2, cultivating varieties:

s21, directly grafting the northern existing apple variety to a stock in spring of the third year, and flowering and fruiting in the fourth year;

s22, pollinating the flower of the northern apple variety grafted on the stock as a female parent in the fourth year, collecting pollen of the wild rosaceae apple plant as a male parent, picking apples in autumn, selecting fruits with more than 75 individuals and more than 10 sugar degrees for picking seeds, sowing in spring of the fifth year, and obtaining grafted scion strips in spring of the second year after sowing;

s23, grafting the grafted scions on the perennial wild rose apple plants at the top in spring of the sixth year, and obtaining mature apples by the scions grafted at the top in the seventh year;

s24, selecting mature apple trees, and taking apple trees with the individual apple numbers of more than 80 and the sugar degree of more than 12 accounting for more than 80% as bred apple variety spike selection trees.

Further, the plant of the genus Malus of the family Rosaceae is Malus hupehensis.

The cultivation method of the apple sapling in the south of Gangdong south area further comprises the following steps: s3, apple sapling cultivation:

grafting the cultivated variety on a stock in the next year in spring, and obtaining the apple finished seedlings suitable for growth in the Ganlun south after growth for one year.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention solves the problems that apple trees not only can survive in the Gannan and southward regions, but also can produce high-quality apples with the same taste as the northern apples, and fills the blank that the high-quality apples cannot be planted in the Gannan and southward regions; the cultivated apple seedlings grow well, have normal results, sweet taste, high sugar content and low yield, and are suitable for large-area popularization;

the cultivated apple seedlings are the local wild malus hupehensis, so that the apple seedlings are completely suitable for the high-temperature and high-humidity environment in the local area, and the phenomenon that the northern stocks are not suitable for the high-temperature and high-humidity environment in the south and die due to root diseases (mainly root rot) in 2-3 years can be avoided;

the apple variety is bred by hybridization by taking the local wild malus hupehensis as a male parent and the northern apple variety as a female parent, so that the characteristics of high temperature resistance, high humidity and high temperature dormancy of the local wild malus hupehensis are maintained, and the characteristics of large individual and high sweetness of the northern apples are also maintained. Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a flowchart showing the step S2 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, whether the fruit tree is suitable for the growth of a region is mainly determined by whether the stock and the fruit variety are suitable for the local climate and the soil environment, if the existing apple in the north is transplanted to the Gandongnan, the apple tree is easy to die due to the reasons of climate, temperature, humidity, soil pH value and the like, the variety can be changed greatly, and commodity apples with good taste, attractive appearance and bigger individuals can not be obtained, so that the cultivation method of the apple tree seedlings in the south of the Gandongnan is very important, and the invention provides a cultivation method of the apple tree seedlings in the south of the Gandongnan, which comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting a stock: apple stocks mostly adopt plants of Malus genus of Rosaceae in cold-resistant and drought-resistant areas such as North Malus spectabilis or sweet tea as stocks, and the stocks are not suitable for growing in the Gannan regions. If the stock with the same genus can be found locally, the climate environment of the Ganortheast can be adapted. Through screening and searching, we selected plants of Malus genus of Rosaceae family which always have wild life in Gangdongnan: malus hupehensis (L.) kurz. The fruit of the wild begonia hupehensis is collected in autumn, the fruit and the seed are separated, and the begonia hupehensis is sun-dried and stored until 2 months of the next year for sowing. And obtaining qualified stocks by 3 months in the next year.

S2, cultivating varieties

(1) In spring of the third year, the current apple variety in northern area is directly grafted onto stock, and flowering and fruiting are carried out in the fourth year. However, the individual quality of the fruits is unbalanced, and the size and the taste of the fruits are not controlled.

(2) And collecting wild malus hupehensis pollen in the fourth year.

(3) And in the fourth year, pollinating the northern apple seed flowers grafted on the malus hupehensis stock as female parent and the collected wild malus hupehensis pollen as male parent. And (5) picking apples in autumn, and selecting fruits with the sugar degree of more than 75 of an individual to take seeds. Sowing can be performed in spring in the fifth year. The grafted scion strip can be obtained from the next year (sixth year) after sowing.

(4) Grafting the grafted spike on the perennial wild malus hupehensis stock in spring of the sixth year, and obtaining the mature apple by the spike grafted on the seventh year.

(5) Mature apple trees are selected, and apple trees with the individual apple numbers of more than 80 and the sugar degree of more than 12 accounting for more than 80 percent are used as the selected apple variety spike selection tree.

S3, apple sapling cultivation

Grafting the cultivated variety on a stock in the next year in spring, and obtaining the apple finished seedlings suitable for growth in the Ganlun south after growth for one year.

The 5-year comparison table of the northern variety transplanting and the invention southern variety is as follows:

in conclusion, the invention solves the problems that apple trees not only can survive in Gannan and south areas, but also can produce high-quality apples with the same taste as northern apples, and fills the blank that the high-quality apples cannot be planted in Gannan and south areas; the cultivated apple seedlings grow well, have normal results, sweet taste, high sugar content and low yield, and are suitable for large-area popularization;

the cultivated apple seedlings are the local wild malus hupehensis, so that the apple seedlings are completely suitable for the high-temperature and high-humidity environment in the local area, and the phenomenon that the northern stocks are not suitable for the high-temperature and high-humidity environment in the south and die due to root diseases (mainly root rot) in 2-3 years can be avoided;

the apple variety is bred by hybridization by taking a local wild Hubei Malus spectabilis as a male parent and a northern apple variety as a female parent, so that the characteristics of high temperature resistance, high humidity and high temperature dormancy of the local wild Hubei Malus spectabilis in winter are maintained, and the characteristics of large individual and high sweetness of the northern apples are also maintained;

the apple seedling cultivated by the cultivation method of the apple seedlings in the south of the Ganortheast area has moderate tree vigor, early fruiting (fruiting in the second year), good taste (sweet and moderate sour), average fruit size of each tree of more than 70 jin in the fifth year, fruit size of more than 85 jin, weight of more than half jin, maximum fruit size of 110 jin and weight of more than one jin.

The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of the method or process disclosed.

Claims (3)

1. A method for cultivating a southern apple tree seedling in Gangdong south area is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, selecting a stock:

selecting plants of Malus genus of Rosaceae family which always exist wild in Gandong south through screening and searching, collecting fruits of Malus genus of Rosaceae family in autumn for separating fruits and seeds, sun-drying and storing for 2 months of the next year for sowing, and obtaining qualified stock for 3 months of the next year;

s2, cultivating varieties:

s21, directly grafting the northern existing apple variety to a stock in spring of the third year, and flowering and fruiting in the fourth year;

s22, pollinating the flower of the northern apple variety grafted on the stock as a female parent in the fourth year, collecting pollen of the wild rosaceae apple plant as a male parent, picking apples in autumn, selecting fruits with more than 75 individuals and more than 10 sugar degrees for picking seeds, sowing in spring of the fifth year, and obtaining grafted scion strips in spring of the second year after sowing;

s23, grafting the grafted scions on the perennial wild rose apple plants at the top in spring of the sixth year, and obtaining mature apples by the scions grafted at the top in the seventh year;

s24, selecting mature apple trees, and taking apple trees with the individual apple numbers of more than 80 and the sugar degree of more than 12 accounting for more than 80% as bred apple variety spike selection trees.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the apple tree seedling in the south of the southeast region is malus hupehensis.

3. The method of cultivating apple seedlings in the south of the southeast area according to claim 1, further comprising:

s3, apple sapling cultivation:

grafting the cultivated variety on a stock in the next year in spring, and obtaining the apple finished seedlings suitable for growth in the Ganlun south after growth for one year.