CN116649164A - Pitaya cultivation method taking perennial wild peanuts as raw grass - Google Patents
Pitaya cultivation method taking perennial wild peanuts as raw grass Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D91/00—Methods for harvesting agricultural products
- A01D91/04—Products growing above the soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Transplanting Machines (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a dragon fruit cultivation method taking perennial wild peanuts as raw grass, which comprises the following steps of S1, selecting land, preparing land and ridging; s2, punching upright posts, and planting dragon fruit seedlings; s3, cutting and transplanting wild peanuts: cutting wild peanut branches in furrows of a dragon orchard according to row spacing of 20-25 cm and plant spacing of 15-20 cm; s4, water and fertilizer management; s5, mowing: when the flowers of the wild peanuts basically wither and the whole leaves are in an old green color, the mowing machine is used for mowing the overground parts of the wild peanuts and returning the overground parts to the field directly, and the rhizomes of the underground parts are reserved and mowed for 4 times in 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 11 months each year respectively. According to the application, the wild peanuts A.glaberata (PI 262801) are intercropped to cultivate the dragon fruits by adopting the perennial rooting stem group, the dragon fruits are planted for 1 time by cutting and benefit from the orchard for many years, and the growth of weeds can be inhibited.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a dragon fruit cultivation method taking perennial wild peanuts as raw grass.
Background
The tropical and subtropical regions in Guangxi places are rich in light, heat and water resources, and are very suitable for growth of various tropical and subtropical fruits such as dragon fruits, longan, litchi, mangoes, and Vol oranges, and the industrial scale of the Guangxi fruits is continuously increased in recent years. According to statistical data of fruits in Guangxi agricultural halls, the area of the fruits in Guangxi agricultural halls exceeds 2000 mu, the total yield reaches 2400 tens of thousands of tons, the fruits become one of the most important fruit supply provinces and export trade provinces in China, the area of the dragon fruits is 34.11 mu, the yield is 45.76 tens of thousands of tons, the fruits are one of the biggest yield areas of the winter ripe dragon fruits in China, the main yield area is south Ning and hundreds of colors, and is one of the fastest fruits in recent years, however, in the high-temperature and high-humidity climate conditions, orchard weeds are easy to grow, the current control is mainly performed by spraying herbicide or covering black films, the short-term effect is good, but long-term use causes the problems of reduced soil fertility, serious pesticide residues, ecological withdrawal of the orchard and the like, and the novel orchard management modes such as weed control are sought.
In the prior art, green fertilizers such as alfalfa, white clover and concha haliotidis are adopted for cultivation, but the result shows that the cultivation effects of different green fertilizers are different, the effects of cooling and moisturizing in summer, heat preservation and moisturizing in winter, soil temperature, soil volume weight, soil water content, total soil porosity and soil capillary porosity, soil organic matter content, content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc and the like in soil, weed suppression and the like are all different, but the cultivation effects are better than those of contrast clear cultivation, however, at present, most of green fertilizers are annual, the growth period is generally about 4 months, the purpose of preventing and controlling weeds in whole year can be achieved only by multiple planting in one year, and certain green fertilizers cannot resist high temperature and cannot grow in summer and high temperature seasons such as alfalfa is sought, so that a better weed cultivation mode is sought, and an optimal intercropping management method is developed, and the yield and quality of dragon fruits are improved on the premise of not using herbicides and manual weeding.
Disclosure of Invention
The application solves the technical problems that most of green fertilizers are annual, the growth period is generally about 4 months, the purpose of preventing and controlling weeds in whole year can be achieved only by planting for many times within one year, and the green fertilizers cannot resist high temperature and cannot grow in summer high-temperature seasons, and the cultivation effect of the grown weeds is poor in the prior art, and provides a dragon fruit cultivation method using perennial wild peanuts as the grown weeds.
A dragon fruit cultivation method taking perennial wild peanuts as raw grass comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting land, preparing land and ridging;
s2, punching upright posts, and planting dragon fruit seedlings;
s3, cutting and transplanting wild peanuts: cutting wild peanut branches in the groves of a dragon orchard according to the 'groves' with the row spacing of 20-25 cm and the plant spacing of 15-20 cm; the wild peanut is a rhizome block wild peanut germplasm (PI 26268011A. Glabira);
s4, water and fertilizer management;
s5, mowing: when the flowers of the wild peanuts basically wither and the leaves are in an old green color as a whole, the mowing machine is used for mowing the overground parts of the wild peanuts and returning the overground parts to the field directly, and the rhizomes of the underground parts are reserved and mowed for 4 times in 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 11 months each year respectively.
Further, the management method of the S5 mowing and three-stubble fruits in one year comprises the following steps: after harvesting wild peanuts for returning to the field in 3 months each year, starting to manually supplement light to the dragon fruits to induce flowers, stopping supplementing light in the middle ten days of April, and completely removing the buds extracted from the first dragon fruits after leaving the buds in the middle ten days of 7 months; cutting wild peanuts before and after 6 months of dragon fruit ripening, and completely removing the buds which are extracted from the second dragon fruit from the time when the second dragon fruit leaves enough buds to the middle 9 months; and harvesting the wild peanuts after harvesting the dragon fruits, manually supplementing light to the dragon fruits to induce flowers after harvesting the wild peanuts, ending supplementing light in the next ten days of 10 months, harvesting the wild peanuts in 11 months, and completely removing the flower buds of the drawn dragon fruits after the third period of 11 months after the flower buds of the third period of the dragon fruits are left.
Further, in the cutting seedling of S3, the wild peanut branches are branches with 3-4 cm underground rootstock and 2-3 leaves.
Further, in the cutting seedlings of the S3, the branches are soaked in an ABT rooting powder solution with the concentration of 50mg/kg for 2-3 hours before the wild peanut branches are cut.
Further, in the step S1, after ridging, grass-proof cloth is laid in advance, the soil is firstly prepared by adopting a mode of firstly laying and then planting, ditching and ridging are completed, the smoothness of the ridge surface is ensured, 1-meter wide bunching of land step ridging surfaces are laid in the middle of the ridge surface, the bunching land step ridging surfaces are fixed by using ground nails, and then upright posts are opened and planted at corresponding positions in the middle of the ridge surface, namely the middle of the grass cloth.
In the S4, in the water and fertilizer management, 50 kg/mu of urea is sprayed after the wild peanuts root, and the water is sprayed after the fertilizer is applied, so that the dissolution and absorption speed of the fertilizer are accelerated.
In the S4, in the water and fertilizer management, 7.5-15 kg/plant farmyard manure is applied as base fertilizer before planting; and after rooting, the dragon fruits begin to be applied with chemical fertilizers, 2 times per month, 25g of urea is applied to each plant, 50g of compound fertilizer is applied to the other plant, and the two fertilizers are used alternately.
Further, in the S4, in the water and fertilizer management, the fertilizer management is as follows: paving micro-sprinkling irrigation on the base part of the pitaya seedling, paving a PVC pipe with a pipe neck of 110mm along the direction of the vertical ridge surface of the field edge, reserving sprinkling irrigation interfaces corresponding to the planting rows of the pitaya, paving sprinkling irrigation belts on the root parts of the pitaya along the ridge surface, and connecting the top ends of the sprinkling irrigation belts with the reserved sprinkling irrigation interfaces; the length of each sprinkling irrigation belt is within 15 meters; water was sprayed on a regular basis and thoroughly sprayed on a weekly basis.
And S3, in the wild peanuts transplanted by cutting, the soil is loosened on the furrow surface of the dragon fruits before the wild peanuts are cut, the soil is kept loose, 10-15 kg/mu of compound fertilizer is spread in a cutting ditch, and the wild peanut branches are immediately sprayed with water and thoroughly sprayed after the wild peanut branches are transplanted.
Further, in the S2 perforated upright posts, the upright posts are cultivated to be 3m multiplied by 2.5m according to the flat land and the mountain land is arranged to be 2.2m multiplied by 2.2m in the field planting dragon fruit seedlings; cutting and planting dragon fruit seedlings, cutting 25cm of dragon fruit branches, standing for 6-12 hours after cutting, collecting water, soaking the branches in an ABT rooting powder solution with the concentration of 50mg/kg for 1-2 hours before planting, and transplanting when root systems grow to 3-4 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The application adopts the intercropping cultivation of the pitaya by adopting the perennial rooting stem group wild peanut A.glabra (PI 262801), the peanut A.glabra belongs to perennial leguminous crops, the cutting planting is carried out for 1 time, and after the seedlings survive, the cutting planting is not needed in the coming year and the next years of the orchard, so that the 1-time planting and the multi-year benefit of the orchard can be realized. The stem leaves on the land of the wild peanut A.glaberata grow vigorously, the effect of covering the surface of the soil is excellent, the height of the stem leaves on the land is only 15-20 cm, the normal growth of the overground parts of the dragon fruits is not affected, and the flowering and the fruiting of the dragon fruits are not affected; underground rootstocks also grow vigorously and are staggered with each other, and the growth of weeds can be inhibited simultaneously from the underground aspect and the overground aspect, so that the wild peanuts can be cultivated without spraying herbicide or manually weeding; many green manure is mainly used for inhibiting weed growth by overground growth. And compared with other green manure, the wild peanut has good effect of improving deep soil.
(2) The wild peanut A.glaberata is the most disease-resistant, drought-resistant and shade-resistant germplasm material in peanuts, and does not have plant diseases and insect pests, so that intercropping with the dragon fruits does not have co-generated plant diseases and insect pests or cause the dragon fruit plant diseases and insect pests, and careful management is not required; many green manure has common disease and pest resistance and drought resistance, needs careful management, and can cause diseases and pests of dragon fruits.
(3) The wild peanut A.glabera belongs to infinite growth, and because of strong growth vigor, the overground parts (stems and leaves) need to be mowed at intervals, the mowed stems and leaves can be directly returned to the field on the furrow surface, and can also be stacked around the stem base of the dragon fruit plant, so that the organic matter content of soil can be increased; because the underground rhizome is alive, a large number of tender stems and leaves can be continuously and rapidly sprouted. Most green manure is not of an infinite growth type, grows to death according to the growth period rule of the green manure, and even if the green manure needs to be mowed, the number of times of mowing is limited, and after mowing, green manure plants, such as alfalfa and round leaf abalone, die.
(4) As the wild peanuts A.glaberata are subjected to 'groined' ditching cuttage and cuttage according to proper row spacing, underground rootstocks grow vigorously, and the speed of covering the orchard with the wild peanuts is high.
(5) When the wild peanut A.glabra overground part is mowed, a mower is stuck to the ground to mow the stem and leaf on the mowing part; in the cutting time, when the flowers of the wild peanuts basically wither and the color of the leaves is totally old green, the ground stems and leaves are cut by a mower, and in the south of Guangxi, such as Nanning, the time from the start of new bud extraction, the time from the time of flowers blooming to the time of all withering of the flowers and the time of the color of the leaves is totally old green is generally about 3 months, so that the ground stems and leaves can be cut 4 times each year, and the time is respectively 3 months old, 6 months old, 9 months old and 11 months old. The management method for the three-stubble fruits in one year is that after wild peanuts are mowed in the last ten days of 3 months, artificial light supplementing induction is carried out to form flowers, compared with the situation that the wild peanuts are full of the ground, the effect of light supplementing induction is good, and the wild peanuts after returning to the field are slowly decomposed and can be used as organic fertilizers of the one-stubble fruits, so that the growth of the one-stubble fruits is promoted. The 6 months of early cutting, the illumination time of the 6 months is long, the illumination is sufficient, the light supplementing and flower induction are not needed, and the newly grown stems and leaves after the 6 months of early cutting can fully cover the soil surface of an orchard in 7 months, so that the temperature of the soil surface can be effectively reduced in the summer high-temperature season of 7-8 months, and the occurrence of heat injury of second-stubble fruits is reduced; harvesting the wild peanuts after harvesting the dragon fruits in 9 months, manually supplementing light after harvesting to induce flowers, and harvesting the newly grown stems and leaves to cover the soil surface of an orchard in 10 months and effectively maintain the soil moisture in autumn of 10-11 months; after the crops are mowed and returned to the field at the bottom of 11 months, the newly grown stems and leaves just can fully cover the surface of the soil of the orchard at the bottom of 12 months and the beginning of 1 month, so that the effects of heat preservation and water preservation can be achieved in winter, and the growth of three-stubble fruits can be promoted. The application discovers that different wild peanut mowing methods have different influences on the yield and quality of the dragon fruits, and the application is matched with the management of three-stubble fruits in one year and has the best yield and quality on the dragon fruits when mowing for 4 times in 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 11 months each year.
(6) According to the application, after the mulching film is adopted for ridging, the ridge surface is paved by using the mulching film of 1 meter, so that the wild peanuts can be effectively prevented from creeping growth due to overground stems and rapidly rooting and spreading to the bases and the roots of the pitaya stems.
Detailed Description
The application is further illustrated by the following examples and experiments.
Example 1
A dragon fruit cultivation method taking perennial wild peanuts as raw grass comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting land, preparing land and ridging;
selecting a place with convenient traffic and sufficient sunlight for building a garden, selecting neutral or weak acidic soil with deep soil layer, rich humus, water retention and fertilizer retention from the aspect of soil level, and selecting a sunny slope facing south when planting on a hillside with the gradient of more than 15 degrees, and building a terrace along a contour line to ensure convenient drainage and irrigation;
the land preparation is carried out on sunny days, and rotary tillage is carried out for 1 to 2 times by using a rotary tillage plow 1 to 2 days before sowing, so that deep, loose, fine, crushed and flat soil is achieved.
Dragon fruit is planted mainly in wide ridges and deep furrows, and accumulated water can be avoided. The ridging mode is divided into two types: (1) Single-ridge single-row planting, wherein the ridge surface width is 2.2 meters, the ditch width is 0.8 meter, the ditch depth is 0.5 meter, and the row plant spacing is 3 meters by 2.5 meters. (2) Single-ridge double-row planting, wherein the ridge surface is 5 meters wide, the ditch width is 2 meters, the ditch depth is 1 meter, and the row plant spacing is 3.5 meters x 2.5 meters. In the embodiment, single-ridge single-row planting is adopted;
paving a mulching film: spreading grass-proof ground cloth in advance, adopting a form of spreading and planting firstly, finishing the soil, finishing ditching and ridging, ensuring the surface of the ridge to be smooth, spreading a 1-meter-wide bundle of ground cloth between the ridge surfaces, fixing the soil by using ground nails, and then perforating upright posts in the middle of the ridge surfaces, namely, the middle of the ground cloth at corresponding positions, and carrying out planting. In the embodiment, the size of the ground fabric is 1 meter, and in other embodiments, the size is preferably less than 1.2 meters, so that an isolation area of 50-60 cm is formed around the dragon fruit, and the situation that the growth of the root of the dragon fruit root is affected by the creeping growth of the stem of the wild peanut on the ground and the creeping growth of the stem of the wild peanut downwards to the root and the root of the dragon fruit can be effectively prevented, and the branches of the wild peanut on the ground can still be laid on the ground fabric, so that the soil surface of the whole orchard is paved as fully as possible.
S2, punching the upright column, and planting dragon fruit seedlings:
pitaya is planted and needs to be provided with climbing struts to play a role in fixing, and generally, a column type planting mode is adopted. The specific operation is as follows: cement columns are reasonably arranged in a cultivation area, then seedlings are cultivated at the periphery of the cultivation area, after the seedlings grow, the seedlings climb along the cement columns, the setting principle of the cement columns is that the seedlings are cultivated in a flat land of 3m multiplied by 2.5m and the mountain land of 2.2m multiplied by 2.2m, and the dragon seedlings are planted in holes distributed in the land according to the size requirement of the stand columns.
The dragon fruit seedlings are planted by cutting, the dragon fruit seedlings are the dragon fruit seedlings of the variety 'purple dragon', the air temperature is stable at 15 ℃, the dragon fruit seedlings are planted before and after rain, 25cm sections of dragon fruit branches are cut, water is collected after the cut sections are placed for 12 hours, the branches can be soaked in an ABT rooting powder solution with the concentration of 50mg/kg for 2 hours before planting, the rooting effect is better, and the dragon fruit seedlings are transplanted when root systems grow to 3-4 cm.
S3, cutting and transplanting wild peanuts: loosening soil on the furrow surface of the dragon fruit before cutting the wild peanut, keeping the soil loose, and broadcasting 10kg of compound fertilizer per mu in a cutting ditch; in order to improve the transplanting survival rate and survival speed of the wild peanut A.glaberata, the wild peanut branch strips are provided with 3-4 cm underground rootstock and 2-3 leaves during transplanting; in addition, soaking the branches in an ABT rooting powder solution with the concentration of 50mg/kg for 2 hours, and cutting the wild peanut branches in furrows of a dragon orchard according to the row spacing of 20-25 cm and the plant spacing of 15-20 cm; and (5) after the wild peanut branches are transplanted in a cutting manner according to the optimal plant row spacing, immediately watering and thoroughly watering.
S4, water and fertilizer management:
and paving micro-sprinkling irrigation at the base part of the pitaya seedling, paving a PVC pipe with a pipe neck of 110mm along the direction of the vertical ridge surface of the field edge, reserving sprinkling irrigation interfaces corresponding to the planting row of the pitaya, paving the purchased sprinkling irrigation belt on the root part of the pitaya along the ridge surface, and connecting the top end of the purchased sprinkling irrigation belt into the reserved sprinkling irrigation interfaces, wherein the length of each sprinkling irrigation belt is within 15 meters for ensuring the sprinkling irrigation range. The water demand is more in the growth process of the dragon fruits, the dragon fruits should be sprayed with water at regular intervals every week, and the dragon fruits should be sprayed with water thoroughly every time;
and applying farmyard manure as base fertilizer before planting, and applying 7.5kg of farmyard manure per plant of self-fermented chicken manure, and applying 15kg of farmyard manure per plant of commercial finished product. The embodiment is from the farmyard manure of the self-fermented chicken manure;
the fertilizer is applied after the dragon fruits root, urea and compound fertilizer are mainly applied before fruiting, 25g of urea is applied once per plant, 50g of compound fertilizer is applied another time, the two fertilizers are alternately used, water is sprayed in time after the fertilization, and the dissolution and absorption speed of the fertilizer are accelerated; of course, in other embodiments, the fertilizer can be directly dissolved in water, and the water and fertilizer are integrated for spraying, wherein the liquid fertilizer is about 1.5 kg/column each time;
in order to promote the rapid growth of wild peanuts, the fertilizer is applied once after the wild peanuts root, namely 50kg of urea is applied per mu, and the fertilizer is sprayed thoroughly in time after being applied, so that the dissolution and absorption speed of the fertilizer are accelerated;
s5, mowing: according to the growth condition of the overground parts of the wild peanuts A.glaberla, when the flowers of the wild peanuts basically wither and the color of the leaves is wholly old green, the overground parts of the wild peanuts are mowed by a mower and returned to the field directly. After the above-ground part is mowed, as the underground rhizome of the A.glabra is alive, a large number of tender stems and leaves can be rapidly germinated and a large number of flowers can bloom, when the flowers of the wild peanuts basically wither and the color of the leaves is wholly in an old green state (generally 2-3 months are needed), the mowing machine is continuously used for mowing the above-ground part of the wild peanuts and the wild peanuts are directly returned to the field. The method combines subtropical monsoon climate, ji Gaowen, autumn water retention, winter heat preservation and moisture retention, and is characterized in that the method is carried out by cutting 4 times in 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 11 months in one year respectively, and the method is as follows:
after the wild peanuts are mowed for returning to the field in the early 3 months each year, the artificial light supplementing induction of the dragon fruits is started to form flowers, the light supplementing is stopped in the middle ten days of April, and all the buds extracted from the first-harvest dragon fruits after leaving the buds to the middle ten days of 7 months are removed; the light-inducing effect of the dragon fruits after 3 months of mowing is good, and the wild peanuts after returning to the field are slowly decomposed and can be used as organic fertilizers for one-crop fruits, so that the growth of one-crop fruits is promoted; wild peanuts are mowed before and after 6 months of fruit ripening, light supplementing is not needed for the dragon fruits, all buds extracted from the second crop of the dragon fruits are removed from the period from the time when the second crop of the dragon fruits leaves enough buds to the time when the second crop of the dragon fruits is in the middle of 9 months, the newly grown wild peanut stems and leaves after 6 months of mowing can be fully covered on the soil surface of an orchard in 7 months, the temperature of the soil surface can be effectively reduced in the summer high-temperature seasons of 7-8 months, and the occurrence of heat damage of the second crop of the dragon fruits is reduced; harvesting the dragon fruits, cutting the wild peanuts after harvesting the dragon fruits for 9 months, manually supplementing light to the dragon fruits after cutting to induce flowers, and ending supplementing light in the next 10 months; after the wild peanuts are mowed for 11 months and the buds are left on the third dragon fruit, the buds of the drawn dragon fruits are all removed after the last ten days of 11 months, the newly grown stems and leaves of the mowed wild flowers for 9 months can be fully covered on the soil surface of an orchard in 10 months, and the soil moisture can be effectively maintained in autumn of 10-11 months; after the peanuts at the bottom of 11 months are mowed and returned to the field, the newly grown stems and leaves of the peanuts can just cover the soil surface of the orchard at the bottom of 12 months and the beginning of 1 month, and the peanuts can have good heat preservation and water preservation functions in winter. In the method for managing three-crop fruits in one year of the embodiment, the relative dormancy stage cultivation management and the young shoot growth stage cultivation management of the dragon fruits are the prior art, and the light supplementing technology, the whole-garden overall fruiting branch rate, the pest control and other flower and fruit management technologies in the first flower and fruit growth stage cultivation management, the second flower and fruit growth stage cultivation management and the third flower and fruit growth stage cultivation management are all the prior art, and are managed by referring to the group standard "standard cultivation technical rules for three-crop-one year (stubble) of dragon fruits (request opinion manuscripts).
Experiment 1:
to investigate the influence of cutting shoot patterns on the yield and rooting rate, the inventors set the following cutting shoot interception patterns and treatment methods on the basis of example 1, the results of which are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 fruit yield and rooting speed of cutting shoots
As is clear from Table 1, the survival rate of the branches of the above-ground stems comprising 3-4 cm underground roots and 2-3 leaves was higher than that of the branches of the above-ground stems comprising only 2-3 leaves, and the rooting time was sufficiently increased by 5 days after the rooting powder was used.
Experiment 2:
the greater the density of the ground plants, the faster the soil covered on the surface of the orchard, but the more shoots were needed, the inventors set up different line spacing experiments on the basis of example 1 in order to balance the two factors of the coverage speed and the number of cutting shoots, the results of which are shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 row spacing and number of shoots required and time required to cover orchard
And (3) obtaining the optimal plant row spacing of 20-25 cm and 15-20 cm by the plant row spacing comparison test results in Table 2, namely 20-33 plants per square cutting. In order to accelerate the growth speed of underground rootstock of wild peanuts so as to promote rapid orchard covering, cutting furrows are formed in a 'well' -shape (specification: 15-20 multiplied by 20-25 cm) according to experimental data of optimal plant row spacing.
Experiment 3:
in order to study the influence on soil fertility, enzyme activity and microorganism content under the conditions of a cultivation mode and a clear cultivation mode of intercropping perennial wild peanuts in a dragon orchard and under different green manure cultivation modes. The inventor is 3 months away, a pitaya orchard with a scientific demonstration base is planted in a culture method of an embodiment 1 for preventing and controlling weeds in an orchard by planting perennial wild peanuts A.glabra and planting alfalfa and round leaf abalone (wherein the culture method of the alfalfa and the round leaf abalone is different from that of the wild peanuts in that 1, the alfalfa and the round leaf abalone are cultivated in a sowing mode, the furrow surfaces of the pitaya are loosened before sowing, soil is kept loose, the seeds are mixed with the soil after being soaked according to a compound fertilizer of 10 kg/mu, the mixed seeds are sowed on the soil surface after being soaked in the sowing, and then the water is sprayed through.2 cutting modes are that the alfalfa and the round leaf abalone grow to a height of 30-40 cm and are covered on site, and 3, the alfalfa and the round leaf abalone are planted in a sowing area after being cut for a plurality of times, and even die, the sowing effect of the alfalfa and the round leaf abalone are obviously improved after sowing in a fertilization control area of the alfalfa and the round leaf abalone in the experiment is carried out again in 3 months each year, and the whole grass is also obviously covered with the wild peanut in the same mode after the sowing method is carried out in the experiment, and the whole grass is cultivated in the same as the other peanut cultivation mode, and the peanut is 1 month. The method is characterized in that the cultivation mode of taking samples of wild peanuts, alfalfa, round-leaf concha haliotidis and clear cultivation in a dragon orchard is used for carrying out microorganism cultivation, enzyme activity measurement and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient analysis in four cultivation modes of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-20 cm, and the clear cultivation is used as a reference, the cultivation mode of growing the wild peanuts into grasses can obviously improve the content of hydrolytic nitrogen, effective phosphorus and effective potassium in the cultivation layer soil of the orchard, wherein the cultivation mode of 0-5 cm is most obvious, the hydrolytic nitrogen in the intercropping wild peanut mode is improved by 30.97% compared with the clear cultivation, the effective phosphorus is improved by 143.94%, the effective potassium is improved by 150.28%, and the amplification of the hydrolytic nitrogen, the effective phosphorus and the effective potassium in the intercropping wild peanuts is higher than that in the intercropping alfalfa and the round-leaf concha haliotidis. In the aspect of soil enzyme activity, the activities of soil urease, acid phosphatase and catalase of cultivated layers of 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm under the cultivation condition of the wild peanuts are also remarkably high in Yu Qinggeng contrast, and compared with the cultivation modes of alfalfa and concha haliotidis, the activities of the soil urease, the acid phosphatase and the catalase of the wild peanuts are remarkably improved. The raw data are shown in tables 3 and 4.
Table 3 determination of soil nutrients of different cultivated layers in two cultivation modes of grassy cultivation and clear cultivation in dragon orchard
Table 4 determination of soil microorganisms and enzyme Activity of different cultivation layers in four cultivation modes of grassy cultivation and clear cultivation of dragon orchard
Meanwhile, fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes in the cultivated soil are cultivated, compared with clear cultivation, the quantity of microorganisms in the cultivated soil can be greatly increased by taking wild peanut A.glaberata as grass, wherein the bacteria in the cultivated soil with the concentration of 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm are 2 times of those in clear cultivation, the fungi and actinomycetes are 3 times of those in clear cultivation, and compared with other two green manure cultivation, the quantity of microorganisms in the soil can be increased by the wild peanut, and specific data are shown in the following table 5.
Table 5 determination of soil microorganism numbers in different cultivation layers in four cultivation modes of grassy cultivation and clear cultivation in dragon orchard
And the temperature of the surface soil (0-5 cm) of the orchard is measured and tracked in noon of 1 month-12 months after cutting the wild peanuts, the average temperature result is shown in Table 6, the surface soil of the intercropping perennial wild peanut orchard is relatively stable, the surface soil is relatively clear to cultivate contrast, and the other two green manure cultivation modes have the effects of cooling in summer and heat preservation in winter. The intercropped alfalfa and the round leaf abalone are also more stable than the clear-cultivated control, but are still worse than the intercropped perennial wild peanuts.
Table 6 determination of surface soil (0-5 cm) temperature in four cultivation modes of grassy cultivation and clear cultivation in dragon orchard
From the data, the pitaya orchard intercropping perennial wild peanuts can effectively prevent and control weed growth, increase soil fertility, improve soil enzyme activity, increase the number of soil microorganisms and regulate the soil surface soil temperature, so that the soil microecology of the pitaya orchard is improved. Compared with other green manure, the cultivation effect has technical advantages.
Experiment 4:
to study the effect of different mowing methods of wild peanuts on annual acre yield, average single fruit weight, peel thickness, fruit hardness, soluble solids, soluble sugar and titratable acid of dragon fruits, the inventors set the following different mowing methods of wild peanuts on the basis of example 1, the results of which are shown in table 7 below:
mowing mode 1: the first mowing is 3 months old, and the mowing is carried out only when the wild flowers grow to 18cm in height;
mowing mode 2: and (3) cutting three times a year, namely cutting the dragon fruits of three crops after flowers are contained, namely cutting the dragon fruits between the first ten days of 4 months and the middle ten days of 5 months, cutting the dragon fruits of 8 months and cutting the dragon fruits of 10 months to 11 months.
TABLE 7 influence of different wild peanut mowing methods on yield and quality of Dragon fruit
Note that: the data in table 7 were collected the third year after cultivation of dragon fruit, wherein the average single fruit weight, peel thickness, fruit hardness, soluble solids, soluble sugar and titratable acid were measured by sampling 20 fruits from three fruits, and the average was obtained as the data in table 7.
As can be seen from Table 7, the method for mowing according to the application, in combination with the method for managing three-crop fruits, has the best yield and quality on the dragon fruits, while the mowing mode 1 has little influence on flower forcing and fruit preservation of the dragon fruits when wild peanuts are mowed by 18cm in length, the number of the dragon fruits is higher (mu yield/average single fruit weight), the yield is slightly lower than that of the example 1, but indexes such as the single fruit weight, the content of soluble solids, the soluble sugar and titratable acid of the dragon fruits are poorer than that of the application, and the inventor guesses that the indexes are possibly that when the wild peanuts are mowed, the plants of the wild peanuts are inconsistent with the content of organic matters and the like after the plants are basically withered and the leaves are fully colored to be old green, and that when the method for mowing according to the mowing mode 1 is not used for carrying out heat preservation and cooling according to the windy weather conditions of subtropical seasons, and the reason that the mowing mode 1 is possibly that the environment characteristics of the dragon fruits are not changed before the mowing in summer are not suitable for the change, and the light of the dragon fruits are not suitable for the development of the application, so that the environment is not changed. However, the mowing mode 2 is greatly reduced in acre yield and average single fruit weight compared with the embodiment 1, and the inventor believes that the mowing mode is because wild peanuts are mowed after flowers are contained, the wild peanuts affect the flower forcing of the dragon fruits, and the temperature and the wetland regulating effect on the dragon fruits after mowing are not optimal environmental conditions required by the flowering and fruiting of the dragon fruits and the production period of the fruits, so that the quality of the dragon fruits is poor.
The foregoing description is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present application, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the application, and all equivalent changes or modifications made under the technical spirit of the present application should be construed to fall within the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The dragon fruit cultivation method taking perennial wild peanuts as raw grass is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, selecting land, preparing land and ridging;
s2, punching upright posts, and planting dragon fruit seedlings;
s3, cutting and transplanting wild peanuts: cutting wild peanut branches in the groves of a dragon orchard according to the 'groves' with the row spacing of 20-25 cm and the plant spacing of 15-20 cm; the wild peanut is a rhizome block wild peanut germplasm (PI26268011A. Glabira);
s4, water and fertilizer management;
s5, mowing: when the flowers of the wild peanuts basically wither and the leaves are in an old green color as a whole, the mowing machine is used for mowing the overground parts of the wild peanuts and returning the overground parts to the field directly, and the rhizomes of the underground parts are reserved and mowed for 4 times in 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 11 months each year respectively.
2. The cultivation method of dragon fruits using perennial wild peanuts as grasses according to claim 1, wherein the management method of the S5 mowing and three-stubble fruits in one year is characterized in that: after harvesting wild peanuts for returning to the field in 3 months each year, starting to manually supplement light to the dragon fruits to induce flowers, stopping supplementing light in the middle ten days of April, and completely removing the buds extracted from the first dragon fruits after leaving the buds in the middle ten days of 7 months; cutting wild peanuts before and after 6 months of dragon fruit ripening, and completely removing the buds which are extracted from the second dragon fruit from the time when the second dragon fruit leaves enough buds to the middle 9 months; and harvesting the wild peanuts after harvesting the dragon fruits, manually supplementing light to the dragon fruits to induce flowers after harvesting the wild peanuts, ending supplementing light in the next ten days of 10 months, harvesting the wild peanuts in 11 months, and completely removing the flower buds of the drawn dragon fruits after the third period of 11 months after the flower buds of the third period of the dragon fruits are left.
3. The method for cultivating dragon fruits with perennial wild peanuts as grass according to claim 1, wherein in the cutting seedlings of S3, the wild peanut branches are branches with 3-4 cm underground rootstock and 2-3 leaves.
4. The method for cultivating dragon fruits by using perennial wild peanuts as grass according to claim 1, wherein in the cutting seedlings of S3, the branches of the wild peanuts are soaked in an ABT rooting powder solution with the concentration of 50mg/kg for 2-3 hours before cutting.
5. The method for cultivating dragon fruits by using perennial wild peanuts as raw grasses according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, after ridging, grass-proofing cloth is laid in advance, the land is firstly prepared by adopting a form of firstly laying and then planting, ditching and ridging are finished, the surface of the ridge is ensured to be flat, a 1-meter-wide bundle of land cloth is laid in the middle of the surface of the ridge, the surface of the ridge is fixed by ground nails, and then upright posts are perforated at corresponding positions in the middle of the surface of the ridge, namely the middle of the land cloth, and planting is carried out.
6. The method for cultivating dragon fruits by taking perennial wild peanuts as raw grass according to claim 1, wherein in the S4, in the water and fertilizer management, 50 kg/mu of urea is sprayed after the wild peanuts root, and the fertilizer is sprayed through water after the fertilizer is applied, so that the dissolution and absorption speed of the fertilizer are accelerated.
7. The method for cultivating dragon fruits by taking perennial wild peanuts as raw grass, as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the S4, the water and fertilizer management, 7.5-15 kg/plant farmyard manure is applied as a base fertilizer before planting; and after rooting, the dragon fruits begin to be applied with chemical fertilizers, 2 times per month, 25g of urea is applied to each plant, 50g of compound fertilizer is applied to the other plant, and the two fertilizers are used alternately.
8. The method for cultivating dragon fruits with perennial wild peanuts as grasses according to claim 1, wherein in the S4, the water and fertilizer management, the fertilization management is as follows: paving micro-sprinkling irrigation on the base part of the pitaya seedling, paving a PVC pipe with a pipe neck of 110mm along the direction of the vertical ridge surface of the field edge, reserving sprinkling irrigation interfaces corresponding to the planting rows of the pitaya, paving sprinkling irrigation belts on the root parts of the pitaya along the ridge surface, and connecting the top ends of the sprinkling irrigation belts with the reserved sprinkling irrigation interfaces; the length of each sprinkling irrigation belt is within 15 meters; water was sprayed on a regular basis and thoroughly sprayed on a weekly basis.
9. The method for cultivating dragon fruits by taking perennial wild peanuts as raw grass according to claim 1, wherein the S3 is characterized in that in the wild peanuts transplanted by cutting, soil is loosened on the ridge surface of the dragon fruits before the wild peanuts are transplanted by cutting, soil is kept loose, 10-15 kg/mu of compound fertilizer is spread in a cutting ditch, and water is sprayed and thoroughly sprayed immediately after the wild peanut branches are transplanted.
10. The cultivation method of dragon fruit with perennial wild peanut as grass according to claim 1, wherein in the S2 perforated upright post, the upright post is cultivated according to the flat land to be 3m multiplied by 2.5m, and the mountain land is 2.2m multiplied by 2.2 m; cutting and planting dragon fruit seedlings, cutting 25cm of dragon fruit branches, standing for 6-12 hours after cutting, collecting water, soaking the branches in an ABT rooting powder solution with the concentration of 50mg/kg for 1-2 hours before planting, and transplanting when root systems grow to 3-4 cm.
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