CN116588992A - 硼磷酸盐与焦磷酸盐包覆改性的前驱体及其制备方法、应用 - Google Patents
硼磷酸盐与焦磷酸盐包覆改性的前驱体及其制备方法、应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 title description 3
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 title 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229940005657 pyrophosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 30
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910016774 Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940048084 pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910016783 Ni0.5Mn0.5(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017095 Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017288 Ni0.8Mn0.2(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RGVLTEMOWXGQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);oxalate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O RGVLTEMOWXGQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002345 surface coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/37—Phosphates of heavy metals
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/37—Phosphates of heavy metals
- C01B25/377—Phosphates of heavy metals of manganese
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- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
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- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
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- C01B35/00—Boron; Compounds thereof
- C01B35/08—Compounds containing boron and nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C01B35/14—Compounds containing boron and nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C01B35/143—Phosphates
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- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
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Abstract
本发明属于锂离子电池材料技术领域,主要公开了包覆改性的前驱体及其制备方法。所述前驱体包括基体材料和包覆层,所述基体材料的化学通式为NimMnnCo1‑m‑n(OH)2,其中0.5≤m≤0.8,0.2≤n≤0.5;所述包覆层为M3BPO7和M2P2O7的复合物,M为Zn、Cu、Mn中的至少一种。制备方法包括以下步骤:取化学计量比的M盐、硼酸和磷酸氢铵固相混合,高温烧结,得到烧结料;将基体材料分散在有机溶剂中,先加入上述烧结料,然后加入焦磷酸和M盐,反应一段时间后,得到上述包覆改性的正极材料的前驱体。另本发明公开了上述前驱体混锂烧结得到的正极材料,也公开了一种锂离子电池。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于锂离子电池材料技术领域,具体涉及正极材料前驱体的改性。
背景技术
锂离子电池具有高能量密度、高功率、循环寿命长、体积小和重量轻等特点,被广泛应用于便携式电子设备、新能源汽车和固定式能源储存等领域。正极材料是锂离子电池的核心组成部分,影响锂离子电池的容量、寿命、倍率性能、安全性能等方面。动力电池市场商业化应用的NCM、NCA等都属于层状结构,从克容量指标来看,三元正极材料相对于磷酸铁锂、锰酸锂都有比较大的优势。目前,对三元正极材料的研究较多,改性手段也是重点研究范畴。包覆作为重点改性手段之一,能够减小应力,增加液体电解质的润湿性并降低界面电荷转移阻力,减少副反应,从而有效优化正极材料。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提供一种包覆改性的锂离子电池正极材料的前驱体及其制备方法、应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供以下具体的技术方案。
首先,本发明提供一种包覆改性的正极材料的前驱体,所述前驱体包括基体材料和包覆层,所述基体材料的化学通式为NimMnnCo1-m-n(OH)2,其中0.5≤m≤0.8,0.2≤n≤0.5;所述包覆层为M3BPO7和M2P2O7的复合物,M为Zn、Cu、Mn中的至少一种。
其次,本发明提供上述包覆改性的正极材料的前驱体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
取化学计量比的M盐、硼酸和磷酸氢铵固相混合,高温烧结,得到烧结料;
将基体材料NimMnnCo1-m-n(OH)2分散在有机溶剂中,先加入上述烧结料,然后加入焦磷酸和M盐,反应一段时间后,得到上述包覆改性的正极材料的前驱体。
在进一步的优选方案中,所述M盐为硝酸盐、乙酸盐、草酸盐、硫酸盐中的至少一种。
在进一步的优选方案中,M盐、硼酸、磷酸氢铵的化学计量摩尔比为3:1.02~1.05:1。
在进一步的优选方案中,所述高温烧结的气氛为氮气或氩气气氛,所述高温烧结的温度为500~1000℃,所述高温烧结的时间为4~10h。
在进一步的优选方案中,所述有机溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇中的至少一种。
在进一步的优选方案中,所述基体材料、烧结料、M盐、焦磷酸的用量摩尔比为1:0.02~0.05:0.04~0.1:0.02~0.05。
在进一步的优选方案中,所述反应的时间为40~120min。
此外,本发明提供一种正极材料,由上述包覆改性的正极材料的前驱体混锂烧结得到。
本发明也提供一种锂离子电池,包含上述正极材料。
本发明具有以下明显的有益效果:
本发明所述的前驱体的表面包覆层为聚阴离子复合层,硼磷酸盐与焦磷酸盐具有共同的磷氧键,同时又有线性硼氧键作为桥接键连接两相的磷氧键,这种化学键连接方式使得包覆层具有更坚固的结构稳定性,也为正极材料前驱体提供稳固的表面复合层。
前驱体混锂烧结后,得到正极材料,正极材料的电化学性能良好,应用到锂离子电池中后,能显著提升电池的循环性能和倍率性能。
本发明提供的制备前驱体的方法简单、流程短,制备过程无有毒有害物质产生,易于实现规模化生产。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中包覆层的XRD图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明,下文将结合说明书附图和较佳的实施例对本发明做更全面、细致地描述,但本发明的保护范围并不限于以下具体实施例。
除非另有定义,下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的,并不是旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
除非另有特别说明,本发明中用到的各种原材料、试剂、仪器和设备等均可通过市场购买得到或者可通过现有方法制备得到。
实施例1
(1)取0.03mol硝酸锌、0.0102mol硼酸和0.01 mol磷酸氢铵进行固相混合后,在氮气气氛下经700℃高温煅烧4h得到烧结料;
(2)将0.1molNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2(OH)2三元前驱体分散于100ml乙醇中,加入3mmol步骤(1)中的烧结料,通过静电吸引吸附后,再加入3mmol焦磷酸和6mmol硝酸锌,反应40min,得到包覆改性的前驱体。
为清晰得到包覆层的结构,将3mmol步骤(1)所得烧结料分散在100ml乙醇中,然后加入3mmol焦磷酸和6mmol硝酸锌,反应40min,固液分离后,洗涤、烘干固相,得到包覆层。
图1为包覆层的XRD图,可见,包覆层为Zn3BPO7-Zn2P2O7。
将制备得到的包覆改性的前驱体与氢氧化锂以1:1.03的摩尔比例混合,然后在930℃烧结12h,得到正极材料。
对比例1
将Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2(OH)2三元前驱体与氢氧化锂以1:1.03的摩尔比例混合,然后在930℃烧结12h,得到正极材料。
实施例2
(1)取0.03mol硫酸铜、0.0105mol硼酸和0.01 mol磷酸氢铵进行固相混合后,在氩气气氛下经500℃高温煅烧10h得到烧结料;
(2)将0.1mol三元前驱体Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2(OH)2分散于100ml乙醇中,加入2mmol步骤(1)中的烧结料,通过静电吸引吸附后,再加入2mmol焦磷酸和4mmol硝酸锌,反应100min,得到包覆改性的前驱体。
将制备得到的包覆改性的前驱体与氢氧化锂以1:1.04的摩尔比例混合,然后在950℃烧结10h,得到正极材料。
对比例2
将三元前驱体Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2(OH)2与氢氧化锂以1:1.04的摩尔比例混合,然后在950℃烧结10h,得到正极材料。
实施例3
(1)取0.03mol草酸锰、0.0103mol硼酸和0.01 mol磷酸氢铵进行固相混合后,在氮气气氛下经1000℃高温煅烧4h得到烧结料;
(2)将0.1mol前驱体Ni0.8Mn0.2(OH)2分散于100ml乙醇中,加入5mmol步骤(1)中的烧结料,通过静电吸引吸附后,再加入5mmol焦磷酸和10mmol硫酸锰,反应120min后,得到包覆改性的前驱体。
将制备得到的包覆改性的前驱体与氢氧化锂以1:1.03的摩尔比例混合,然后在930℃烧结16h,得到正极材料。
对比例3
将Ni0.8Mn0.2(OH)2前驱体与氢氧化锂以1:1.03的摩尔比例混合,然后在930℃烧结16h,得到正极材料。
实施例4
(1)取0.03mol乙酸锌、0.0102mol硼酸和0.01 mol磷酸氢铵进行固相混合后,在氩气气氛下经800℃高温煅烧6h得到烧结料;
(2)将0.1mol前驱体Ni0.5Mn0.5(OH)2分散于100ml乙醇中,加入3mmol步骤(1)中的烧结料,通过静电吸引吸附后,再加入2mmol焦磷酸和4mmol硫酸铜,反应40min后,得到包覆改性的前驱体。
将制备得到的包覆改性的前驱体与氢氧化锂以1:1.04的摩尔比例混合,然后在950℃烧结12h,得到正极材料。
对比例4
将Ni0.5Mn0.5(OH)2前驱体与氢氧化锂以1:1.04的摩尔比例混合,然后在950℃烧结12h,得到正极材料。
实施例5
(1)取0.03mol硝酸锌、0.0102mol硼酸和0.01 mol磷酸氢铵进行固相混合后,在氮气气氛下经600℃高温煅烧8h得到烧结料;
(2)将0.1mol三元前驱体Ni0.7Mn0.2Co0.1(OH)2分散于100ml乙醇中,加入3mmol步骤(1)中的烧结料,通过静电吸引吸附后,再加入4mmol焦磷酸和8mmol乙酸锰,反应80min后,得到包覆改性的前驱体。
将制备得到的包覆改性的前驱体与氢氧化锂以1:1.03的摩尔比例混合,然后在930℃烧结16h,得到正极材料。
对比例5
将三元前驱体Ni0.7Mn0.2Co0.1(OH)2与氢氧化锂以1:1.03的摩尔比例混合,然后在930℃烧结16h,得到正极材料。
通过以下方法完成电池组装:
将实施例1-5以及对比例1-5得到的正极材料与导电剂乙炔黑(AB)、粘结剂聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)按质量比8:1:1的比例混合,以N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)为溶剂,置于小烧杯中按800r/min的转速搅拌混料2h,得到浆料。使用自动涂布机将浆料涂覆在集流体铝箔上,平放于钢化玻璃上并转至85℃的真空干燥箱中干燥4h,冲片制备成直径为12mm的极片后于真空干燥箱中105℃干燥4h,在含水量和含氧量均低于0.1ppm、充满氩气气氛的手套箱中放置4h以降低极片在转移过程中吸附的水分,后在手套箱中组装成CR2032型扣式电池。该电池以直径为16mm、厚0.5mm的纯金属锂片充当负极,直径为18mm的型号为Celgard2300的多孔聚乙烯膜为隔膜。
电池组装完成经老化12h后,进行不同电位的充放电测试。煅烧后样品在3-4.3V电压下,以1 C电流密度下循环100圈后的放电比容量结果如表1所示。
表1
正极材料来源 | 初始比容量 (mA h/g) | 循环后比容量 (mA h/g) | 容量保持率 (%) |
实施例1 | 172.4 | 162.7 | 94.4 |
对比例1 | 170.3 | 152.4 | 89.5 |
实施例2 | 168.7 | 160.6 | 95.2 |
对比例2 | 165.5 | 141.3 | 85.4 |
实施例3 | 181.4 | 173.1 | 95.4 |
对比例3 | 178.1 | 158.0 | 88.7 |
实施例4 | 164.2 | 157.9 | 96.2 |
对比例4 | 161.8 | 146.3 | 90.4 |
实施例5 | 177.9 | 172.2 | 96.8 |
对比例5 | 172.3 | 156.8 | 91.0 |
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种包覆改性的正极材料的前驱体,其特征在于,所述前驱体包括基体材料和包覆层,所述基体材料的化学通式为NimMnnCo1-m-n(OH)2,其中0.5≤m≤0.8,0.2≤n≤0.5;所述包覆层为M3BPO7和M2P2O7的复合物,M为Zn、Cu、Mn中的至少一种。
2.如权利要求1所述的包覆改性的正极材料的前驱体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
取化学计量比的M盐、硼酸和磷酸氢铵固相混合,高温烧结,得到烧结料;
将基体材料NimMnnCo1-m-n(OH)2分散在有机溶剂中,先加入所述烧结料,然后加入焦磷酸和M盐,反应一段时间后,得到包覆改性的正极材料的前驱体。
3.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述M盐为硝酸盐、乙酸盐、草酸盐、硫酸盐中的至少一种。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,M盐、硼酸、磷酸氢铵的化学计量摩尔比为3:1.02~1.05:1。
5.如权利要求2或3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述高温烧结的气氛为氮气或氩气气氛,所述高温烧结的温度为500~1000℃,所述高温烧结的时间为4~10h。
6.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇中的至少一种。
7.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述基体材料、烧结料、M盐、焦磷酸的用量摩尔比为1:0.02~0.05:0.04~0.1:0.02~0.05。
8.如权利要求2或7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应的时间为40~120min。
9.一种正极材料,其特征在于,由权利要求1所述的包覆改性的正极材料的前驱体或权利要求2-8任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的包覆改性的正极材料的前驱体混锂烧结得到。
10.一种锂离子电池,其特征在于,包含权利要求9所述的正极材料。
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