CN116549507B - 一种微生物发酵法制备葛根提取物的方法 - Google Patents
一种微生物发酵法制备葛根提取物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116549507B CN116549507B CN202310730884.5A CN202310730884A CN116549507B CN 116549507 B CN116549507 B CN 116549507B CN 202310730884 A CN202310730884 A CN 202310730884A CN 116549507 B CN116549507 B CN 116549507B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种微生物发酵法制备葛根提取物的方法,在热水超声法制备葛根提取物前,增加了微生物发酵处理。所用的发酵菌株毛霉HY6‑19,是针对能够水解葛根细胞壁而有目的分离和筛选,并经过诱变获得。毛霉HY6‑19在葛根粉中适度生长,产生较高活性的纤维素酶以及其他多种水解酶,之后,经发酵的葛根粉加水保温,细胞壁中的纤维素、半纤维素和果胶等物质被酶解,有助于细胞壁中与纤维素结合的物质和胞内物质溶出,提取物得率显著提高,多糖含量也显著提高。本发明提供的微生物发酵法制备葛根提取物的方法,较直接采用热水超声提取法相比,葛根提取物得率可以提高25.9%,多糖含量增加14.6%。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明属于生物技术在植物有效成分提取中的应用领域,具体涉及一种微生物发酵法制备葛根提取物的方法。
(二)背景技术
葛根为豆科多年生藤本植物野葛(Pueraria lobata)或粉葛(Puerafiathomsanii)的干燥根。我国葛根资源极为丰富,目前发现有9个品种和2个变种,大部分省份都有分布,野葛主要分布于陕西、湖北、湖南、河南、安徽、广东、四川、浙江等地;粉葛作为栽培品种种植,主产于广西、广东、云南、四川等地。
葛根素有“亚洲人参”的美誉,是我国一道传统中药材,具有解肌、退热、生津、透疹、升阳止泻的功效,多用于治疗外感发热、头痛、项背牵强、消渴、热痢、麻疹不透、泄泻、高血压等症状。葛根富含多糖、异黄酮类、葛根素、皂苷、蛋白质和微量元素等成分,表现出多种生理活性,如降血压、降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、免疫调节等。1998年3月我国卫生部将野葛正式列入“既是食品又是药品”的目录之中。作为食品,葛根可用于提取食用淀粉,或提取葛根素、异黄酮或多糖等有效成分,用于食品或保健食品。
葛根倍受人们关注的另一个原因是它的解酒功能。葛根解酒的历史记载由来已久,早在唐代《千金要方》中就有记载:以鲜葛根捣汁可治酒醉不醒者,且葛根性味甘凉,有鼓舞胃气、缓解酒毒呕吐之效;宋代《本草衍义》中记载:以葛根粉治酒醉者;唐代甄权《药性论》记载:葛根能“开胃下食、止烦渴”。现代药理学研究表明,葛根不仅能够降低酒精中毒患者血液中酒精浓度,还能够提高酒精性中毒的治疗有效率。近些年来,葛根解酒相关产品开发越来越丰富,形式也多种多样,不仅有解酒药物,还有各种解酒食品和饮料,如葛根解酒含片、葛根咀嚼片、葛根解酒烧鸡、葛根解酒茶、葛根解酒巧克力等等。
中药的提取常用方法有煎煮法、回流法、浸渍法、渗漉法等,这些方法往往存在有效成分损失大、耗时长、工序多、有效成分的提取率不高等缺点。近年来,人们开发了许多中药提取新技术、新方法,如超临界流体萃取技术、超声波提取技术、微波萃取技术、半仿生提取技术、生物酶解提取技术和组织破碎提取技术等,这些方法克服了传统中药提取方法存在的问题,极大的提高了中药有效成分的收率和纯度,但也存在设备要求高、增加了生产成本、有效成分降解等问题。有关从葛根中提取多糖、异黄酮和葛根素研究有较多报道。按提取使用的溶剂不同,有乙醇提取法和水提取法两种,在这两种方法的基础上,有辅以超声波、微波强化和酶解法强化提取,能显著提高提取物的得率。
近年来,酶解技术在中药活性成分的提取中有广泛应用,该方法具有反应条件温和、不破坏有效成分原有的立体结构和生物活性、提取时间短、提取率高、反应特异性高等优点。目前应用在植物活性成分提取中最多的酶是纤维素酶,由于植物的细胞壁构成包括纤维素、半纤维素、木质素和果胶等物质,单一使用纤维素酶,对提高产物提取得率非常有限。为了提高酶解提取的效果,许多研究采用复合酶法,就是同时使用纤维素酶、果胶酶和蛋白酶等2种及2种以上的酶。使用复合酶虽然可以有效地提高产物提取得率,但多种酶的使用,以及酶的使用量较大,无疑增加了提取的成本。
微生物能够产生多种水解植物组织的酶类,自然界中的植物残枝败叶都是由微生物产酶分解。特别是自然界中的一些霉菌,能够产生包括纤维素酶、半纤维素酶、木质素酶、果胶酶和蛋白酶等多种酶。所以,如果利用一株合适的霉菌直接发酵预处理葛根,只要控制好生长程度,达到产酶分解葛根的细胞壁,但又未分解有效成分,从而促进有效成分的溶出,提取物得率就能得以提高。相比于酶解提取法,微生物产生的多种酶对葛根的水解效果更好,而且多糖被适当降解,分子量降低,活性提高;一些黄酮苷的糖基被水解,释放出黄酮苷元,提取物的生物活性会更好。
为了提高葛根提取物的制备得率和生物活性,本发明对葛根进行微生物发酵后,再使用热水超声波提取,提取物得率提高,多糖的含量可以显著增加。
(三)发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种微生物发酵法制备葛根提取物的方法,将微生物发酵技术应用于葛根提取物的制备,葛根经微生物毛霉HY6-19发酵后,再经热水超声提取,提取物得率显著提高,多糖含量增加。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
本发明提供一种微生物发酵法制备葛根提取物的方法,所述方法为:(1)葛根粉中接种毛霉(Mucor sp.)HY6-19的孢子液,搅拌均匀后于30–32℃发酵52–60h,获得葛根发酵物;所述毛霉HY6-19,保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏编号:GDMCC No:63391,保藏日期2023年4月24日,地址:广东省广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼;邮编510070;(2)葛根发酵物中加入去离子水,搅拌均匀后于35–40℃保温3–5h,经热水超声提取后过滤,滤液浓缩,获得葛根水提浓缩液;(3)葛根水提浓缩液经真空干燥,粉碎后,获得葛根提取物。
进一步,所述步骤(1)中的葛根是豆科植物野葛(Pueraria lobata)的干燥根;葛根粉是干燥的葛根经粉碎后过60目筛的细粉。
进一步,所述步骤(1)中的毛霉HY6-19孢子液的制备方法为:低温保藏的毛霉HY6-19孢子接种于马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)平板培养基上,于30℃恒温培养48–72h后,加无菌生理盐水于培养物中,用接种环搅动使孢子悬浮,获得孢子液;优选用无菌生理盐水将孢子液调整孢子浓度为5×106–9×106个/mL。所述的PDA平板培养基是成品马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(青岛海博生物技术有限公司),用自来水按46g/L的浓度配制,pH自然,高压蒸汽121℃灭菌15min。
进一步,所述步骤(1)中的毛霉HY6-19的孢子液体积用量以葛根粉质量计为3–4mL/g。
进一步,所述步骤(2)葛根水提浓缩液的制备方法为:葛根发酵物中加入去离子水,搅拌均匀后于35–40℃保温3–5h,然后转入水温90–98℃的超声波清洗机中,160–200W超声提取40–60min,超声提取结束后,趁热用200目滤布过滤,将滤液于60℃、–0.1MPa下减压浓缩至原体积的1/15–1/25,获得葛根水提浓缩液,所述的去离子水体积加入量以发酵前葛根粉质量计为25–35mL/g。
进一步,所述步骤(3)中的葛根提取物的制备方法为:葛根水提浓缩液于65℃、–0.1MPa真空干燥至恒重,粉碎,得葛根提取物。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果主要体现在:在热水超声法制备葛根提取物前,增加了微生物发酵处理。所用的发酵菌株毛霉HY6-19,是针对能够水解葛根细胞壁而有目的分离和筛选,并经过诱变获得。毛霉HY6-19在葛根粉中适度生长,产生较高活性的纤维素酶以及其他多种水解酶,之后,经发酵的葛根粉加水保温,细胞壁中的纤维素、半纤维素和果胶等物质被酶解,有助于细胞壁中与纤维素结合的物质和胞内物质溶出,提取物得率显著提高,多糖含量也显著提高。本发明提供的微生物发酵法制备葛根提取物的方法,较直接采用热水超声提取法相比,葛根提取物得率可以提高25.9%,多糖含量增加14.6%。
(四)附图说明
图1为毛霉HY6-19在PDA上28℃培养2d的菌落形态照片。
图2为苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖的标准曲线(葡萄糖为标准品)。
图3为DNS法测定还原糖的标准曲线(葡萄糖为标准品)。
(五)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。
本发明实施例所用的葛根是豆科植物野葛(Pueraria lobata)的干燥根,葛根粉是干燥的葛根经粉碎后过60目筛的细粉。
本发明实施例所述的葛根的提取物得率按公式1计算:
实施例1:发酵葛根的微生物菌株分离和筛选
发酵葛根的微生物菌株,按如下步骤分离和筛选获得:
(1)从落叶较多的林地取松软湿润的土壤1g,用无菌生理盐水稀释1×10-4、1×10-5、1×10-6、1×10-7倍后,分别吸取0.1mL稀释液涂布于马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂平板培养基(PDA)上,于30℃恒温培养48h后。挑取颜色和形态不同的霉菌菌落转接新鲜PDA平板培养基,于30℃恒温培养72h,得纯培养霉菌菌株10株,各菌株的编号见表1;
(2)10个菌株的新鲜平板培养物中,分别加入10mL无菌生理盐水,用接种环搅动使孢子悬浮,孢子液转移至无菌试管中,用无菌生理盐水调整孢子浓度,使不同菌株的孢子液在5×106–9×106个/mL范围内,得各菌株的孢子液;
(3)10只经160℃、2h干热灭菌的250-mL三角瓶中,分别加入5g葛根粉,再分别加入15mL步骤(2)制备的各霉菌孢子液(体积用量以葛根粉质量计为3mL/g),搅拌均匀后,三角瓶用8层纱布扎口,于30℃条件下培养60h,获得葛根发酵物;
(4)步骤(3)全部葛根发酵物中,各加入150mL去离子水[料液比为1:30(g:mL)],搅拌均匀于35℃水浴中保温3h,然后转入90℃的超声波清洗机中,160W超声提取60min。超声提取结束后,趁热用200目滤布过滤,收集滤液;
(5)步骤(4)所得的滤液于60℃、–0.1MPa下减压浓缩至10mL(原体积的1/15),获得葛根水提浓缩液。水提浓缩液于65℃、–0.1MPa真空干燥至恒重,粉碎,得葛根提取物。
从步骤(3)开始,5g葛根粉中加入15mL无菌生理盐水,按照步骤(3)–(5)制备葛根提取物,做不接种霉菌的空白发酵对照;从步骤(4)开始,5g葛根粉加入150mL去离子水直接提取,按照步骤(4)、(5)制备葛根提取物,做未发酵的对照。经不同菌株发酵的葛根以及对照的提取物得率和多糖含量见表1。
表1经不同菌株发酵的葛根以及对照的提取物得率和多糖含量
由表1数据可以看出,加入无菌生理盐水但未接种霉菌孢子的空白发酵对照,虽有少量杂菌生长,但提取物得率较未发酵的对照无显著性差异,提取物的多糖含量却降低了8.12%。葛根经过多数菌株发酵后,提取物得率没有显著提高,甚至有显著降低。经过HY4、HY6和HY9菌株发酵后,提取物得率分别提高了12.6%、11.9%和10.9%,但是相比之下,经HY6发酵后的葛根提取物中多糖含量最高,较未经发酵对照提高了9.52%,本发明选定HY6菌株作为葛根的发酵菌种。
所述的PDA平板培养基是成品马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(青岛海博生物技术有限公司),用自来水按46g/L的浓度配制,pH自然,于三角瓶中,用8层纱布扎口,经高压蒸汽121℃灭菌15min,凝固前倒入直径9cm的无菌培养皿,每皿15–20mL。
所述的葛根提取物中多糖含量采用苯酚-硫酸法测定,具体方法为:用去离子水将葛根提取物配制成浓度为1mg/mL的水溶液;取1mL葛根提取物水溶液于10-mL离心管中,再加入4mL无水乙醇(体系的乙醇体积分数为80%),充分振荡后于4℃条件下静置12h后,8000r/min离心5min,弃上清液,加10mL去离子水溶解,得葛根提取物的多糖水溶液。取1mL葛根提取物的多糖水溶液于10mL具塞管中,加1mL体积浓度为5%的苯酚水溶液,摇匀后迅速加入5mL浓硫酸(质量浓度98%),摇匀后置沸水浴中加热15min,冷却至室温。以1mL去离子水代替多糖水溶液的相同处理为参比,测定490nm波长下的吸光度(A490)。以相同方法测定不同浓度葡萄糖样品的A490,绘制葡萄糖浓度—A490标准曲线(图2),得回归方程,由回归方程计算测定的葛根提取物多糖含量。
实施例2:发酵葛根的微生物菌株诱变选育
对实施例1筛选的菌株HY6进行诱变育种,筛选发酵性能优良的菌株,具体方法为:
(1)孢子液的制备:菌株HY6经PDA平板培养基30℃活化培养48h后,加5mL无菌生理盐水,用接种环搅动使孢子悬浮。移取1mL孢子液到装有50mL无菌生理盐水的三角瓶中(加有20–30粒玻璃珠),室温振荡15min。孢子液经过滤除去菌丝(三角漏斗底部塞一小团蓬松的脱脂棉),在显微镜下用血球计数板对孢子液中的孢子计数,用无菌生理盐水做适当倍数稀释,调整孢子数量为1.34×107个/mL;
(2)诱变:在红光照明下,分别取1.5mL上述孢子液和一枚无菌回形针于6只直径6cm的培养皿中,培养皿分别于磁力搅拌器上,在预热30min的15W紫外灯距离30cm处,分别照射1、2、3、4、5、6min。取0.5mL上述照射处理后的孢子液,用无菌生理盐水作适当倍数稀释后,分别移取0.1mL涂布PDA平板培养基。以同样操作,做未经紫外线照射的孢子液稀释涂平板作为对照,以计算致死率。接种后的PDA平板用黑布包裹,倒置于28℃培养48h,对平板上的菌落进行计数,计算致死率;
(3)筛选:挑取致死率在90%以上PDA平板上的菌落转接新鲜PDA平板培养基上,30℃培养72h,获得50个菌株。各个菌株的平板培养物中,分别加入10mL无菌生理盐水,用接种环搅动使得孢子悬浮,得各菌株的孢子液。取各菌株的孢子液2.5mL,接入50mL产酶培养基中,于30℃、200r/min振荡培养72h后,发酵液用布氏漏斗抽滤,收集滤液(即为粗酶液),测定各菌株发酵滤液的纤维素酶活力。选择产酶活力较原菌株HY6提高幅度相对较高的菌株15株,再按实施例1方法,用这些菌株的孢子液接种葛根粉发酵,再经热水超声提取,经突变菌株发酵葛根以及对照的提取物得率和多糖含量见表2。
表2经突变菌株发酵的葛根以及对照的提取物得率和多糖含量
从表2数据可以看出,在筛选的15个菌株中,编号为HY6-19的菌株,发酵产纤维素酶的活力为62.7U/mL,较野生菌株HY6的51.3U/mL提高了22.3%。用该菌株发酵葛根后,提取物得率为37.2%,较野生菌株HY6的33.8%提高了10.1%,较未发酵的对照30.2%提高了23.2%;提取物中的多糖含量为41.5%,较野生菌株HY6的33.8%提高了6.14%,较未发酵的对照35.7%提高了27.7%,所以,本发明选定HY6-19菌株作为发酵葛根的微生物菌株。
所述的产酶培养基组成为:小麦麸皮50g/L,(NH4)2SO4 6g/L,蛋白胨4g/L,KH2PO42g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 1g/L,CaCl2 0.5g/L,溶剂为自来水,pH 6.0。250-mL三角瓶装50mL产酶培养基,8层纱布扎口,高压蒸汽121℃灭菌20min。
所述的纤维素酶活力测定:10-mL刻度试管中分别加入1.5mL的10g/L羧甲基纤维素钠溶液(pH 6.0,0.2mol/L磷酸缓冲液配制)和0.5mL粗酶液,50℃水浴保温30min,然后加入3mL的DNS试剂,煮沸5min,流水冷却后加去离子水定容至10mL,搅拌均匀;用100℃煮沸10min后失活的粗酶液做相同处理为参比,于分光光度计测定波长540nm处吸光度(A540),由葡萄糖标准曲线(图3)计算样品中的葡萄糖浓度,再计算纤维素酶活力(U/mL)。纤维素酶活力的定义:在pH 6.0、50℃条件下,每分钟水解羧甲基纤维素钠生成1μg葡萄糖所需的酶量为1个酶活力单位(U)。
纤维素酶活力按公式2计算。
公式2中,C:由标准曲线计算得到的葡萄糖浓度(μg/mL);V1:酶反应体系体积,即2mL;T:反应时间,即30min;V2:粗酶液体积,即0.5mL。
葡萄糖标准曲线的绘制:7支10-mL刻度试管中,分别加入浓度为1mg/mL的标准葡萄糖水溶液0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2mL,然后各加入pH 6.0,0.2mol/L磷酸缓冲液2.0、1.8、1.6、1.4、1.2、1.0、0.8mL,再各加入DNS溶液3.0mL,混合液于沸水浴中煮沸5min,流水冷却后用去离子水定容至10mL,搅拌均匀,于分光光度计测定A540,以葡萄糖浓度为横坐标,A540为纵坐标绘制标准曲线(图3)。
DNS试剂的配制:6.3g的3,5-二硝基水杨酸、262mL浓度为2mol/L的NaOH水溶液加入到500mL含有182g酒石酸钠的热水溶液中,再加5g重蒸酚和5g亚硫酸钠,搅拌溶解,冷却后加去离子水定容至1L,贮于棕色瓶中,7d后使用。
实施例3:菌株HY6-19的分类鉴定
菌株HY6-19划线接种在PDA平板培养基上28℃培养,初期菌丝为灰白色;1天后灰色略有加深,菌丝较长、蓬松,表面产生少量灰色孢子。光学显微镜下可以观察到分生孢子梗单生,繁密成层,直立,全部顶生孢子囊,孢子囊较大,球形,灰褐色,孢囊孢子球形,直径4–5μm。毛霉HY6-19在PDA平板培养基上28℃培养2d的菌落照片见图1。
测得菌株HY6-19的rDNA-ITS核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO.1所示,该序列在NCBI(National Center for Biotechnology Information,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)进行BLAST比对,同源性大于95%的仅有2株,即Mucor lusitanicus CBS 108.17(96.56%和Mucor phayaoensis MFLUCC 21-0044(95.50%),所以依据ITS序列比对结果,可以确定HY6-19菌株是一株毛霉(Mucor),尚不能把HY6-19鉴定到种,因此,HY6-19的分类属于(参考NCBI,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)真菌界(Fungi),毛菌门(Mucoromycota),毛霉亚门(Pezizomycotina),毛霉纲(Mucoromycetes),毛霉目(Mucorales),毛霉科(Mucoraceae),毛霉属(Mucor)的一个种(Mucor sp.)。
所述菌株HY6-19的rDNA-ITS核苷酸序列为:
TTATCTATTTACTGTGAAACGTATTATTACTTGACGCCTGAGGGATGTTCCATTGCTATAAGGATAGGCAGCGGAAATGTTAACCGAGTCATAATCAAGCTTAGGCTTGGTATCCTATTATTATTTACCAAAAGAATTCAGAATTAATATTGTAACATAGACGTAAAAAATCTATAAAACAACTTTTAACAACGGATCTCTTGGTTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAGCAAAGTGCGATAACTAGTGTGAATTGCATATTCAGTGAATCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCAACTTGCGCTCATTGGTATTCCAATGAGCACGCCTGTTTCAGTATCAAAACAAACCCTCTATCCAACTTTTGTTGAATAGGATGACTGAGAGTCTCTTGATCGTCAGATCTCGAACCTCTTGAAATGTACAAAGGCCTGATCTTGTTTGATGGCTGAACTTTTTTTTAATATTAAAAAAAACTCCTGGGGGAAACTGGGGTGGGGCCCCCCCAATAACCCTTTTTTAAATTTGAACTGAAATCCAGGGGGAATACCCGGTGAACTT。
综上,从土壤中分离到微生物菌株HY6,经紫外线诱变后,筛选获得了用于发酵葛根的菌株HY6-19,即毛霉(Mucor sp.)HY6-19,该菌株保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏编号GDMCC No:63391,保藏日期2023年4月24日,地址:广东省广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼;邮编510070。
实施例4:毛霉HY6-19发酵制备葛根提取物的方法1
利用毛霉HY6-19发酵法制备葛根提取物,可以按以下步骤操作:
(1)冷冻干燥保存的毛霉HY6-19孢子粉,接种于新鲜PDA平板培养基上,于30℃恒温培养72h。加10mL的无菌生理盐水于培养皿中,用接种环搅动使孢子悬浮,孢子液转移至无菌试管中,用无菌生理盐水调整孢子浓度为8.70×106个/mL,得毛霉HY6-19孢子液。所述的PDA平板培养基成分和配制方法同实施例1;
(2)10g葛根粉于经160℃、2h干热灭菌的250-mL三角瓶中,再加入30mL步骤(1)制备的毛霉HY6-19孢子液(体积用量以葛根粉质量计为3mL/g),搅拌均匀。三角瓶用8层纱布扎口,于30℃条件下培养60h,获得葛根发酵物;
(3)步骤(2)的全部葛根发酵物转入500-mL的烧杯中,加300mL的去离子水[料液比为1:30(g:mL)],搅拌均匀后,于35℃水浴中保温5h。之后,烧杯转入水温90℃的超声波清洗机中,160W超声提取60min,趁热用200目滤布过滤,收集全部滤液;
(4)将步骤(3)制备的滤液于60℃、–0.1MPa条件下减压浓缩至12mL(原滤液体积的1/25),获得葛根水提浓缩液。全部的水提浓缩液于一只洁净的培养皿中,于65℃、–0.1MPa真空干燥至恒重,粉碎,得葛根提取物。
按上述步骤,从10g葛根中提取获得3.78g提取物,得率为37.8%,多糖含量为41.3%。
对比例1:常规热水超声法制备葛根提取物(与实施例4对比)
(1)10g葛根粉于500-mL的烧杯中,加300mL的去离子水[料液比为1:30(g:mL)],搅拌均匀后,于35℃水浴中保温5h。之后,烧杯转入水温90℃的超声波清洗机中,160W超声提取60min,趁热用200目滤布过滤,收集全部滤液;
(2)将步骤(1)制备的滤液于60℃、–0.1MPa条件下减压浓缩至12mL(原滤液体积的1/25),获得葛根水提浓缩液。全部的水提浓缩液于一只洁净的培养皿中,于65℃、–0.1MPa真空干燥至恒重,粉碎,得葛根提取物。
按上述步骤,从10g葛根中提取获得3.10g提取物,得率为31.0%,多糖含量为36.6%。
比较实施例4和对比例1的结果可以看出:在葛根热水超声提取前,增加了毛霉HY6-19发酵处理,提取物的制备得率由未发酵的31.0%提高到37.8%,提高了21.9%,提取物中的多糖含量由36.6%提高到41.3%,提高了12.8%。
实施例5:毛霉HY6-19发酵制备葛根提取物的方法2
利用毛霉HY6-19发酵法制备葛根提取物,可以按以下步骤操作:
(1)4℃保存的毛霉HY6-19的PDA平板孢子,接种于新鲜PDA平板培养基上,于30℃恒温培养64h,加10mL的无菌生理盐水于培养皿中,用接种环搅动使孢子悬浮,孢子液转移至无菌试管中,用无菌生理盐水调整孢子浓度为7.35×106个/mL,得毛霉HY6-19孢子液。所述的PDA平板培养基成分和配制方法同实施例1;
(2)10g葛根粉于经160℃、2h干热灭菌的250-mL三角瓶中,再加入35mL步骤(1)制备的毛霉HY6-19孢子液(体积用量以葛根粉质量计为3.5mL/g),搅拌均匀。三角瓶用8层纱布扎口,于32℃条件下培养56h,获得葛根发酵物;
(3)步骤(2)的全部葛根发酵物转入500-mL的烧杯中,加250mL的去离子水[料液比为1:25(g:mL)],搅拌均匀后,于37.5℃水浴中保温4h。之后,烧杯转入水温94℃的超声波清洗机中,180W超声提取50min,趁热用200目滤布过滤,收集全部滤液;
(4)将步骤(3)制备的滤液于60℃、–0.1MPa条件下减压浓缩至10mL(原滤液体积的1/25),获得葛根水提浓缩液。全部的水提浓缩液于一只洁净的培养皿中,于65℃、–0.1MPa真空干燥至恒重,粉碎,得葛根提取物。
按上述步骤,从10g葛根中提取获得3.67g提取物,得率为36.7%,多糖含量为41.8%。
对比例2:常规热水超声法制备葛根提取物(与实施例5对比)
(1)10g葛根粉于500-mL的烧杯中,加250mL的去离子水[料液比为1:25(g:mL)],搅拌均匀后,于37.5℃水浴中保温4h。之后,烧杯转入水温94℃的超声波清洗机中,180W超声提取50min,趁热用200目滤布过滤,收集全部滤液;
(1)将步骤(2)制备的滤液于60℃、–0.1MPa条件下减压浓缩至10mL(原滤液体积的1/25),获得葛根水提浓缩液。全部的水提浓缩液于一只洁净的培养皿中,于65℃、–0.1MPa真空干燥至恒重,粉碎,得葛根提取物。
按上述步骤,从10g葛根中提取获得2.99g提取物,得率为29.9%,多糖含量为37.1%。
比较实施例5和对比例2的结果可以看出:在葛根热水超声提取前,增加了毛霉HY6-19发酵处理,提取物的制备得率由未发酵的29.9%提高到36.7%,提高了22.7%,提取物中的多糖含量由37.1%提高到41.8%,提高了12.7%。
实施例6:毛霉HY6-19发酵制备葛根提取物的方法3
利用毛霉HY6-19发酵法制备葛根提取物,可以按以下步骤操作:
(1)4℃保存的毛霉HY6-19的PDA平板孢子,接种于新鲜PDA平板培养基上,于30℃恒温培养48h,加10mL的无菌生理盐水于培养皿中,用接种环搅动使孢子悬浮,孢子液转移至无菌试管中,用无菌生理盐水调整孢子浓度为6.85×106个/mL,得毛霉HY6-19孢子液。所述的PDA平板培养基成分和配制方法同实施例1;
(2)10g葛根粉于经160℃、2h干热灭菌的250-mL三角瓶中,再加入40mL步骤(1)制备的毛霉HY6-19孢子液(体积用量以葛根粉质量计为4mL/g),搅拌均匀。三角瓶用8层纱布扎口,于32℃条件下培养52h,获得葛根发酵物;
(3)步骤(2)的全部葛根发酵物转入500-mL的烧杯中,加350mL的去离子水[料液比为1:35(g:mL)],搅拌均匀后,于40℃水浴中保温3h。之后,烧杯转入水温98℃的超声波清洗机中,200W超声提取40min,趁热用200目滤布过滤,收集全部滤液;
(4)将步骤(3)制备的滤液于60℃、–0.1MPa条件下减压浓缩至14mL(原滤液体积的1/25),获得葛根水提浓缩液。全部的水提浓缩液于一只洁净的培养皿中,于65℃、–0.1MPa真空干燥至恒重,粉碎,得葛根提取物。
按上述步骤,从10g葛根中提取获得3.84g提取物,得率为38.4%,多糖含量为41.6%。
对比例3:常规热水超声法制备葛根提取物(与实施例5对比)
(1)10g葛根粉于500-mL的烧杯中,加350mL的去离子水[料液比为1:35(g:mL)],搅拌均匀后,于40℃水浴中保温3h。之后,烧杯转入水温98℃的超声波清洗机中,200W超声提取40min,趁热用200目滤布过滤,收集全部滤液;
(2)将步骤(1)制备的滤液于60℃、–0.1MPa条件下减压浓缩至14mL(原滤液体积的1/25),获得葛根水提浓缩液。全部的水提浓缩液于一只洁净的培养皿中,于65℃、–0.1MPa真空干燥至恒重,粉碎,得葛根提取物。
按上述步骤,从10g葛根中提取获得3.05g提取物,得率为30.5%,多糖含量为36.3%。
比较实施例6和对比例3的结果可以看出:在葛根热水超声提取前,增加了毛霉HY6-19发酵处理,提取物的制备得率由未发酵的30.5%提高到38.4%,提高了25.9%,提取物中的多糖含量由36.3%提高到41.6%,提高了14.6%。
Claims (8)
1.一种微生物发酵法制备葛根提取物的方法,其特征在于,所述方法为:(1)葛根粉中接种毛霉Mucor sp. HY6-19的孢子液,搅拌均匀后于30–32℃发酵52–60h,获得葛根发酵物;所述毛霉HY6-19,保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏编号:GDMCCNo:63391,保藏日期2023年4月24日,地址:广东省广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼;邮编510070;(2)葛根发酵物中加入去离子水,搅拌均匀后于35–40℃保温3–5h,经热水超声提取后过滤,滤液浓缩,获得葛根水提浓缩液;(3)葛根水提浓缩液经真空干燥,粉碎后,获得葛根提取物。
2.如权利要求1所述微生物发酵法制备葛根提取物的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中葛根粉是干燥的葛根经粉碎后过60目筛的细粉。
3.如权利要求1所述微生物发酵法制备葛根提取物的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中的毛霉HY6-19孢子液的制备方法为:低温保藏的毛霉HY6-19孢子接种于PDA平板培养基上,于30℃恒温培养48–72h后,加无菌生理盐水于培养物中,用接种环搅动使孢子悬浮,获得孢子液。
4.如权利要求1或3所述微生物发酵法制备葛根提取物的方法,其特征在于孢子液浓度为5×106–9×106个/mL。
5.如权利要求1所述微生物发酵法制备葛根提取物的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中的毛霉HY6-19的孢子液体积用量以葛根粉质量计为3–4mL/g。
6.如权利要求1所述微生物发酵法制备葛根提取物的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)葛根水提浓缩液的制备方法为:葛根发酵物中加入去离子水,搅拌均匀后于35–40℃保温3–5h,然后转入水温90–98℃的超声波清洗机中,160–200W超声提取40–60min,超声提取结束后,趁热用200目滤布过滤,将滤液于60℃、–0.1MPa下减压浓缩至原体积的1/15–1/25,获得葛根水提浓缩液。
7.如权利要求1或6所述微生物发酵法制备葛根提取物的方法,其特征在于,所述的去离子水体积加入量以发酵前葛根粉质量计为25–35mL/g。
8.如权利要求1所述微生物发酵法制备葛根提取物的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中的葛根提取物的制备方法为:葛根水提浓缩液于65℃、–0.1MPa真空干燥至恒重,粉碎,得葛根提取物。
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