CN116548608B - 一种儿童全营养配方粉及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种儿童全营养配方粉及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116548608B CN116548608B CN202310507272.XA CN202310507272A CN116548608B CN 116548608 B CN116548608 B CN 116548608B CN 202310507272 A CN202310507272 A CN 202310507272A CN 116548608 B CN116548608 B CN 116548608B
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Landscapes
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- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及特殊医学食品领域，具体涉及一种儿童全营养配方粉及其制备方法和应用，该配方粉包括以下组分：麦芽糊精、部分水解乳清蛋白粉、玉米糖浆、中链甘油三酯、白砂糖、复合植物油、大豆油、磷酸氢钙、柠檬酸钾、碳酸钙、硫酸镁、磷酸三钙、氯化钠、复合维生素、低聚半乳糖、单,双甘油脂肪酸酯、磷脂、氯化钾、氯化胆碱、复合矿物质、牛磺酸、左旋肉碱、DHA粉、ARA粉、L‑抗坏血酸钠、复配核苷酸、动物双歧杆菌Bb‑12。该配方粉成分配比合理，能够快速产生能量，适合1‑10岁营养不良儿童，抗氧化及抗疲劳效果好，贴合儿童喜好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于特殊医学食品领域，具体涉及一种儿童全营养配方粉及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
儿童不同年龄段有不同的代谢特点和营养需求。营养不良不仅会影响患儿的疾病康复、增加并发症的发生风险、延长住院时间，甚至影响患儿的生长发育与远期的健康状况。营养在实现最佳健康方面发挥着重要作用，合理的营养支持有利于减轻并预防疾病相关营养不良，促进康复。但在某些患有严重系统性疾病的高危患儿中，通过传统的口服饮食获得足够的营养可能很困难，因为他们无法耐受、消化和吸收全食，在这些营养脆弱的人群中，需要额外的营养支持。
特殊医学用途配方食品(Food for Special Medical Purpose，FSMP)也称为医用食品，是指为了满足进食受限、消化吸收障碍、代谢紊乱或特定疾病状态人群对营养素或膳食的特殊需求，专门加工配制而成的配方食品，该产品必须在医生或临床营养师指导下，单独食用或与其他食品配合食用。FSMP作为主要的肠内营养制剂，在临床中使用的主要目的是为了预防或者治疗因疾病引起的营养不良，改善患者的营养状况，其在保护胃肠粘膜结构和功能的完整性，预防肠道菌群易位，降低脓毒血症的发生及脏器功能衰竭，并促进患者胃肠道正常功能的恢复中发挥了重要的作用。
由于营养不良儿童存在肠道功能受损、严重粘膜异常和吸收不良，可能无法很好地耐受标准肠道配方。含有游离氨基酸(FAA)形式的蛋白质的配方奶粉虽然也适用于吸收不良、食物过敏或特定器官疾病(即肾或肝衰竭)。但仅由游离氨基酸组成的元素饮食的使用口感不佳，可能会因其高渗透压而导致呕吐、腹泻和电解质异常，限制了其潜在益处。中国专利CN113317494A公开了一种全营养配方粉及其制备方法和应用，具体配方包括：蛋白质0.5-3.5份，脂肪0.4-2.0份，碳水化合物1.8-6.0份，复合维生素0.05-0.5份，复合矿物质0.05-
0.5份，膳食纤维0.1-1.0份，益生菌0.05-1.0份，促使营养物质全面均衡且有利于人体吸收，并且配方科学、流动性和冲调性好、食用方便、口感良好等，能够作为单一营养来源满足进食受限、消化吸收障碍、代谢紊乱或特定疾病状态人群的营养需求，但是该配方粉利用分离乳清蛋白或浓缩乳清蛋白提供蛋白质，不能够满足1-10岁对牛奶蛋白过敏患儿的要求。越来越多的临床证据表明，可以通过使用100％乳清蛋白水解(WHP)饮食改善此类儿童的健康和营养状况。这种类型的饮食由肽、必需脂肪酸、中链甘油三酯、维生素和矿物质组成，这类配方易于吸收和耐受良好。研究结果表明，WHP饮食在体重增加和生长、减少全身炎症反应、提高营养吸收效率、降低死亡率和降低医疗成本方面的表现更好，但是，100％乳清蛋白水解的口感较差，不能较好的贴近儿童的喜好。
所以当前亟需一种全面改善1-10岁儿童的营养不良、较快供能、以最小致敏性诱导口服耐受并贴近儿童喜好的营养配方粉。
发明内容
除非上下文另有明确指示，否则如本文所用的单数形式“一个”、“一种”和“所述”包括单数和复数指示物。通过端点表述的数值范围包括在对应范围内的所有数值和分数，以及所表述的端点。
本发明针对现有技术存在的问题，提供了一种儿童全营养配方粉及其制备方法和应用，该营养配方粉为一种短肽型、应用于1-10岁儿童的特殊医学用途全营养配方食品，能够为营养不良儿童提供肠内支持，可满足营养不良儿童的日常能量及各类营养需求，且贴合儿童喜好。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
本发明提供了一种儿童全营养配方粉，包括以下重量份的组分：麦芽糊精300-400份，部分水解乳清蛋白粉150-200份，固体玉米糖浆100-150份，中链甘油三酯80-120份，白砂糖50-100份，复合植物油30-50份，大豆油15-45份，磷酸氢钙8-15份，柠檬酸钾8-12份，碳酸钙3-7份，硫酸镁3-6份，磷酸三钙2-4份，氯化钠2-4份，复合维生素2-4份，低聚半乳糖2-4份，单,双甘油脂肪酸酯2-4份，磷脂2-4份，氯化钾1-3份，氯化胆碱1-3份，复合矿物质0.5-2份，牛磺酸0.1-0.3份，左旋肉碱0.1-0.4份，DHA粉4-7份，ARA粉6-10份，L-抗坏血酸钠0.5-1份，复配核苷酸0.1-0.5份，动物双歧杆菌Bb-12 0.1-0.5份。
部分水解乳清蛋白粉既能够提供蛋白，又可保留足够大小的肽和免疫原性，以最小致敏性诱导口服耐受。复配核苷酸有以下作用：①增强免疫力，核苷酸可以提升体内免疫球蛋白IgA,IgG的浓度，提高儿童的机体免疫应答的能力；②促进肠道健康，核苷酸能够促进儿童肠道内双歧杆菌的生长。动物双歧杆菌Bb-12的作用如下：①改善便秘，动物双歧杆菌分泌的大量短链脂肪酸，可酸化肠道，其结果能控制由有害菌引起的异常发酵，刺激胃肠蠕动，促进排便，有效改善便秘症状；②改善消化不良，动物双歧杆菌Bb-12可以在肠道内产生消化酶，这些消化酶可以将食物的营养进行分解成可被肠道吸收的小分子结构，从而促进儿童对营养的充分吸收，减少和预防消化不良的现象；③改善腹泻，动物双歧杆菌可以通过调节肠道菌群，从而保护肠道黏膜，消除肠道内的有害菌，有助于营养物质的消化和吸收，预防和改善各种腹泻(普通腹泻，急性腹泻，轮状病毒感染引发的腹泻，抗生素腹泻等)；④防止呼吸道感染疾病，Bb-12会提高机体对常见呼吸道感染的抵抗力，它主要是通过增强针对免疫挑战的特定免疫应答，增加机体对常见感染的抵抗力，可能降低呼吸道感染的发病率，并缩短发病时间；⑤降低过敏性疾病的发生风险，它可以调节免疫细胞里特异因子的表达，恢复免疫防御应答的平衡，缓解和预防过敏症状。低聚半乳糖是低聚合度膳食纤维，人体无法直接利用，但是其可以促进动物双歧杆菌的增殖，加速动物双歧杆菌在大肠中演变为优势菌群，对于增加胃肠道调控具有积极的意义。
优选地，所述的儿童全营养配方粉中DHA、ARA、复配核苷酸的质量比为(4-7)：(6-9)：(0.1-0.5)；所述动物双歧杆菌与低聚半乳糖的质量比为(0.1-0.5)：(2-3)。
进一步优选地，所述的儿童全营养配方粉中DHA、ARA、复配核苷酸的质量比为6：8：0.3；所述动物双歧杆菌与低聚半乳糖的质量比为0.3：3。
优选地，所述儿童全营养配方粉，包括以下重量份的组分：麦芽糊精380份，部分水解乳清蛋白粉180份，固体玉米糖浆125份，中链甘油三酯100份，白砂糖75份，复合植物油40份，大豆油25份，磷酸氢钙12份，柠檬酸钾10份，碳酸钙5份，硫酸镁4份，磷酸三钙3份，氯化钠3份，复合维生素3份，低聚半乳糖3份，单，双甘油脂肪酸酯3份，磷脂3份，氯化钾2份，氯化胆碱1.5份，复合矿物质1份，牛磺酸0.2份，左旋肉碱0.3份，DHA粉6份，ARA粉8份，L-抗坏血酸钠0.6份，复配核苷酸0.3份，动物双歧杆菌Bb-120.3份。
优选地，所述部分水解乳清蛋白粉的水解度为11％-15％，小于3500Da肽段的占比为65％-100％。
优选地，所述复合植物油包括玉米油、低芥酸菜籽油、椰子油、葵花籽油和大豆油中的至少两种。
进一步优选地，所述复合植物油由玉米油、低芥酸菜籽油、椰子油、葵花籽油和大豆油组成。
优选地，所述复合植物油中玉米油、低芥酸菜籽油、椰子油、葵花籽油和大豆油的质量范围分别为：玉米油35％-40％，低芥酸菜籽油20％-28％，椰子油18％-22％，葵花籽油10％-18％，大豆油3％-7％。
优选地，所述复合维生素包括维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K1、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素C、生物素、烟酰胺、叶酸、泛酸中的至少两种。
进一步优选地，所述复合维生素由维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K1、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素C、生物素、烟酰胺、叶酸、泛酸组成。
优选地，所述复合维生素以1克计包括维生素A 2309-3214μg RE，维生素D 31-42μg，维生素E 21-29mgα-TE，维生素K1 170-230μg，维生素B1 2635-3565μg，维生素B2 4080-5520μg，维生素B6 2918-3948μg，维生素B12 6.8-9.2μg，维生素C 453-613μg，生物素54-73μg，烟酰胺16940-22920μg，叶酸524-710μg，泛酸10170-13760μg。
优选地，所述的复合矿物质包括铜、铁、锌、锰、碘、硒中的至少两种。
进一步优选地，所述的复合矿物质由铜、铁、锌、锰、碘、硒组成。
优选地，所述复合矿物质以1克计包括铜3200-4320μg、铁64-86mg、锌37-51mg、锰1500-2030μg、碘553-748μg、硒179-242μg。
优选地，所述复配核苷酸包括5'-肌苷酸二钠、5'-鸟苷酸二钠、5'-尿苷酸二钠、5'-胞苷酸二钠、5'单磷酸腺苷中的至少一种。
优选地，以质量分数计，所述复配核苷酸包括5'-肌苷酸二钠14.2％-16.8％，5'-鸟苷酸二钠6.2％-7.9％，5'-尿苷酸二钠20％-25％，5'-胞苷酸二钠36.2％-40％，5'单磷酸腺苷14.3％-17.9％。
本发明还提供了一种上述儿童全营养配方粉的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、配料：在水中先加入磷酸氢钙、磷酸三钙、碳酸钙、氯化钾、柠檬酸钾、氯化钠、硫酸镁、氯化胆碱、牛磺酸、低聚半乳糖、左旋肉碱、L-抗坏血酸钠、磷脂和单,双甘油脂肪酸酯后搅拌，再加入复合矿物质溶解，再加入部分水解乳清蛋白粉，最后加入剩余组分混合均匀；
S2、均质：在温度50-60℃、压力16-20MPa下对S1中混合均匀的原料进行均质，均质后的原料冷却到10-20℃；
S3、杀菌浓缩：对均质冷却后的原料进行杀菌浓缩，所述杀菌的条件为：温度92-98℃，时间5-15s；所述的浓缩为三效浓缩，浓缩的条件为：一效蒸发温度68-75℃、二效蒸发温度54-60℃、三效蒸发温度46-54℃；一效分离器真空-0.065-0.071MPa、二效分离器真空-0.081-0.084MPa、三效分离器真空-0.084-0.091MPa；
S4、喷雾干燥：浓缩后的原料进行喷雾干燥，经流化床冷却后得到所述的儿童全营养配方粉。
本发明还提供了一种上述儿童全营养配方粉或上述制备方法制备得到的儿童全营养配方粉在食品加工中的应用。
相对于现有技术，本发明具有以下有益效果：
部分水解乳清蛋白粉与碳水化合物的特定比例是本发明的关键，当碳水化合物量过少或者不足时，不能生成足够的乙酰辅酶A，这时需要蛋白质参与进行供能，不能充分的利用部分水解乳清蛋白的高生物价；而当碳水化合物含量过高时，会在一定程度上阻碍蛋白质的吸收，因此，部分水解乳清蛋白粉与碳水化合物发生协同作用，结合其他组分和制备方法的改良，满足营养不良儿童的日常能量及各类营养需求，可作为营养不良儿童的营养补充。
本发明使用部分水解乳清蛋白粉，更加有利于营养不良儿童的消化吸收，同时采用白砂糖改善口感，更加贴近儿童的喜好，并且添加了DHA、ARA、核苷酸、益生菌等多种物质，营养丰富，成分配比合理，能够快速产生能量，并且不会转化为脂肪储存；能够改善便秘、腹泻等症状；能够以最小致敏性诱导口服耐受；且能够明显提高免疫力，具有抗氧化和抗疲劳的作用。
附图说明
图1为儿童营养配方粉的冲调图；其中，A为实施例4得到的儿童营养配方粉的冲调图，B为对比例1得到的儿童营养配方粉的冲调图，C为对比例2得到的儿童营养配方粉的冲调图，D为对比例3得到的儿童营养配方粉的冲调图，E为市售品A得到的儿童营养配方粉的冲调图；
图2为儿童营养配方粉冲调后的白点情况图：其中，A为实施例4得到的儿童营养配方粉的白点情况图，B为对比例1得到的儿童营养配方粉的白点情况图，C为对比例2得到的儿童营养配方粉的白点情况图，D为对比例3得到的儿童营养配方粉的白点情况图，E为市售品A得到的儿童营养配方粉的白点情况图；
图3为儿童营养配方粉的喜爱度评价图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明进行说明，以使本发明技术方案更易于理解、掌握，但本发明并不局限于此，描述的实施例仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
在本文中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值，这些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围或值的值。对于数值范围来说，各个范围的端点值之间、各个范围的端点值和单独的点值之间，以及单独的点值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围，这些数值范围应被视为在本文中具体公开。
基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都应当属于本申请保护的范围。下述实施例中所述实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法；所述试剂和材料，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径获得。
DHA粉购自嘉必优生物工程(武汉)有限公司；
ARA粉购自嘉必优生物工程(武汉)有限公司；
部分水解乳清蛋白粉(Lacprodan@IF-3070)购自北京中柏创业化工产品有限公司；
复配牛磺酸营养强化剂购自北京金康普食品科技有限公司；
复配左旋肉碱营养强化剂购自北京金康普食品科技有限公司；
抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯购自北京金康普食品科技有限公司。
实施例1
一种用于1-10岁儿童的全营养配方粉，包括以下重量份的组分：麦芽糊精380份，部分水解乳清蛋白粉180份，固体玉米糖浆125份，中链甘油三酯100份，白砂糖75份，复合植物油40份，大豆油25份，磷酸氢钙12份，柠檬酸钾10份，碳酸钙5份，硫酸镁4份，磷酸三钙3份，氯化钠3份，复合维生素3份，低聚半乳糖3份，单,双甘油脂肪酸酯3份，磷脂3份，氯化钾2份，氯化胆碱1.5份，复合矿物质1份，牛磺酸0.2份，左旋肉碱0.3份，DHA粉6份，ARA粉8份，L-抗坏血酸钠0.6份，复配核苷酸0.3份，动物双歧杆菌Bb-120.3份；
其中，复合植物油包括玉米油38％、低芥酸菜籽油25％、椰子油20％、葵花籽油15％和大豆油5％；
每克复合维生素包括维生素A 3000μgRE、维生素D 38μg、维生素E 25mgα-TE、维生素K1 195μg、维生素B1 3000μg、维生素B2 4800μg、维生素B6 3500μg、维生素B12 7.8μg、维生素C 520μg、生物素62μg、烟酰胺19500μg、叶酸600μg、泛酸11500μg；
每克复合矿物质包括铜3700μg、铁75mg、锌45mg、锰1800μg、碘600μg、硒200μg；
复合核苷酸包括5'-肌苷酸二钠15.29％、5'-鸟苷酸二钠7.01％、5'-尿苷酸二钠23.78％、5'-胞苷酸二钠36.47％、5'单磷酸腺苷17.45％。
实施例2
一种用于1-10岁儿童的全营养配方粉，包括以下重量份的组分：麦芽糊精300份，部分水解乳清蛋白粉200份，固体玉米糖浆100份，中链甘油三酯120份，白砂糖50份，复合植物油30份，大豆油45份，磷酸氢钙8份，柠檬酸钾8份，碳酸钙7份，硫酸镁6份，磷酸三钙2份，氯化钠2份，复合维生素4份，低聚半乳糖3份，单,双甘油脂肪酸酯4份，磷脂2份，氯化钾1份，氯化胆碱1份，复合矿物质2份，牛磺酸0.1份，左旋肉碱0.1份，DHA粉7份，ARA粉6份，L-抗坏血酸钠1份，复配核苷酸0.1份，动物双歧杆菌Bb-12
0.5份；
其中，复合植物油包括玉米油35％、低芥酸菜籽油20％、椰子油22％、葵花籽油18％和大豆油3％；
每克复合维生素包括维生素A 2309μgRE、维生素D 31μg、维生素E 29mgα-TE、维生素K1 170μg、维生素B1 3565μg、维生素B2 4080μg、维生素B6 3948μg、维生素B12 6.8μg、维生素C 453μg、生物素54μg、烟酰胺16940μg、叶酸710μg、泛酸10170μg；
每克复合矿物质包括铜3200μg、铁86mg、锌37mg、锰1500μg、碘553μg、硒242μg；
复合核苷酸包括5'-肌苷酸二钠14.2％、5'-鸟苷酸二钠6.2％、5'-尿苷酸二钠20％、5'-胞苷酸二钠40％、5'单磷酸腺苷17.9％。
实施例3
一种用于1-10岁儿童的全营养配方粉，包括以下重量份的组分：麦芽糊精400份，部分水解乳清蛋白粉150份，固体玉米糖浆150份，中链甘油三酯80份，白砂糖100份，复合植物油50份，大豆油15份，磷酸氢钙15份，柠檬酸钾12份，碳酸钙3份，硫酸镁3份，磷酸三钙4份，氯化钠4份，复合维生素2份，低聚半乳糖2份，单,双甘油脂肪酸酯2份，磷脂4份，氯化钾3份，氯化胆碱3份，复合矿物质0.5份，牛磺酸0.3份，左旋肉碱0.4份，DHA粉4份，ARA粉9份，L-抗坏血酸钠0.5份，复配核苷酸0.5份，动物双歧杆菌Bb-120.1份；
其中，复合植物油包括玉米油40％、低芥酸菜籽油28％、椰子油18％、葵花籽油10％和大豆油7％；
每克复合维生素包括维生素A 3214μgRE、维生素D 42μg、维生素E 21mgα-TE、维生素K1 230μg、维生素B1 2635μg、维生素B2 5520μg、维生素B6 2918μg、维生素B12 9.2μg、维生素C 613μg、生物素73μg、烟酰胺22920μg、叶酸524μg、泛酸13760μg；
每克复合矿物质包括铜4320μg、铁64mg、锌51mg、锰2030μg、碘748μg、硒179μg；
复合核苷酸包括5'-肌苷酸二钠16.8％、5'-鸟苷酸二钠7.9％、5'-尿苷酸二钠25％、5'-胞苷酸二钠36.2％、5'单磷酸腺苷14.3％。
实施例4
按照实施例1的配方，制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、配料：原辅料，经核对有关信息后，按配方准确计量加入盛有热水的剪切混合罐中进行混合。配料程序为，在配料罐中打入55℃配料水，开启剪切搅拌，
配料顺序为先加入添加剂类粉状原料(磷酸氢钙、磷酸三钙、碳酸钙、氯化钾、柠檬酸钾、氯化钠、硫酸镁、氯化胆碱、复配牛磺酸营养强化剂、复配左旋肉碱营养强化剂、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、磷脂和单,双甘油脂肪酸酯，投完料后剪切搅拌2min，复合矿物质在矿物质溶解缸溶解后打入剪切罐，保证添加剂完全溶解，然后再加入部分水解乳清蛋白粉，剪切搅拌10min，保证其完全溶解，之后再加入其它粉类原料(麦芽糊精和固体玉米糖浆、白砂糖等)，最后将复配维生素缓慢倒入混料罐中，混合搅拌约10分钟后打入到待均质罐中。
S2、均质：均质前应对物料进行定位，在混合配料罐中补足水量、根据不同品种调配不同浓度，使物料混合均匀，进入均质机均质。打开料泵后慢慢地调节均质的压力，使压力在18MPa，均质后料液经110℃短时杀菌(约6s)后冷却打入暂存罐暂存。均质结束之前，要用温水冲混合缸中的泡沫，脂肪上浮团块；均质杀菌后的物料及时冷却到15℃，暂存时间不应超过2小时，暂存罐要加有搅拌。
S3、杀菌浓缩：当锅炉压力达到0.8MPa，压缩空气压力达到0.4MPa以上，杀菌器温度达到92℃时打开进料阀，关闭回流阀向浓奶罐送料。三效分汽缸压力≥0.8Mpa、热压泵压力0.5MPa。杀菌温度92℃约15s。一效蒸发温度70℃、二效蒸发温度58℃、三效蒸发温度50℃，冷却水排水温度≤40℃。一效分离器真空0.041MPa、二效分离器真空0.025MPa、三效分离器真空0.020MPa。
S4、喷雾干燥：浓缩后的奶液进入喷雾干燥塔，当排风温度达到90℃，进风温度在130℃以上时，调节高压泵压力至15MPa以上，开始喷雾干燥，经流化床冷却后得到儿童全营养配方粉。
实施例5
按照实施例2的配方，制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、配料：原辅料，经核对有关信息后，按配方准确计量加入盛有热水的剪切混合罐中进行混合。配料程序为，在配料罐中打入60℃配料水，开启剪切搅拌，
配料顺序为先加入添加剂类粉状原料(磷酸氢钙、磷酸三钙、碳酸钙、氯化钾、柠檬酸钾、氯化钠、硫酸镁、氯化胆碱、复配牛磺酸营养强化剂、复配左旋肉碱营养强化剂、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、磷脂和单,双甘油脂肪酸酯，投完料后剪切搅拌2min，复合矿物质在矿物质溶解缸溶解后打入剪切罐，保证添加剂完全溶解，然后再加入部分水解乳清蛋白粉，剪切搅拌10min，保证其完全溶解，之后再加入其它粉类原料(麦芽糊精和固体玉米糖浆、白砂糖等)，最后将复配维生素缓慢倒入混料罐中，混合搅拌约10分钟后打入到待均质罐中。
S2、均质：均质前应对物料进行定位，在混合配料罐中补足水量、根据不同品种调配不同浓度，使物料混合均匀，进入均质机均质。打开料泵后慢慢地调节均质的压力，使压力在16MPa，均质后料液经115℃短时杀菌(约6s)后冷却打入暂存罐暂存。均质结束之前，要用温水冲混合缸中的泡沫，脂肪上浮团块；均质杀菌后的物料及时冷却到10℃，暂存时间不应超过2小时，暂存罐要加有搅拌。
S3、杀菌浓缩：当锅炉压力达到0.8MPa，压缩空气压力达到0.4MPa以上，杀菌器温度达到95℃时打开进料阀，关闭回流阀向浓奶罐送料。三效分汽缸压力≥0.8Mpa、热压泵压力0.3MPa。杀菌温度95℃约15s。一效蒸发温度68℃、二效蒸发温度54℃、三效蒸发温度46℃，冷却水排水温度≤40℃。一效分离器真空0.071MPa、二效分离器真空0.084MPa、三效分离器真空0.091MPa。
S4、喷雾干燥：浓缩后的奶液进入喷雾干燥塔，当排风温度达到90℃，进风温度在130℃以上时，调节高压泵压力至15MPa以上，开始喷雾干燥，经流化床冷却后得到儿童全营养配方粉。
实施例6
按照实施例3的配方，制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、配料：原辅料，经核对有关信息后，按配方准确计量加入盛有热水的剪切混合罐中进行混合。配料程序为，在配料罐中打入50℃配料水，开启剪切搅拌，
配料顺序为先加入添加剂类粉状原料(磷酸氢钙、磷酸三钙、碳酸钙、氯化钾、柠檬酸钾、氯化钠、硫酸镁、氯化胆碱、复配牛磺酸营养强化剂、复配左旋肉碱营养强化剂、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、磷脂和单,双甘油脂肪酸酯，投完料后剪切搅拌2min，复合矿物质在矿物质溶解缸溶解后打入剪切罐，保证添加剂完全溶解，然后再加入部分水解乳清蛋白粉，剪切搅拌10min，保证其完全溶解，之后再加入其它粉类原料(麦芽糊精和固体玉米糖浆、白砂糖等)，最后将复配维生素缓慢倒入混料罐中，混合搅拌约10分钟后打入到待均质罐中。
S2、均质：均质前应对物料进行定位，在混合配料罐中补足水量、根据不同品种调配不同浓度，使物料混合均匀，进入均质机均质。打开料泵后慢慢地调节均质的压力，使压力在20MPa，均质后料液经120℃短时杀菌(约6s)后冷却打入暂存罐暂存。均质结束之前，要用温水冲混合缸中的泡沫，脂肪上浮团块；均质杀菌后的物料及时冷却到20℃，暂存时间不应超过2小时，暂存罐要加有搅拌。
S3、杀菌浓缩：当锅炉压力达到0.8MPa，压缩空气压力达到0.4MPa以上，杀菌器温度达到98℃时打开进料阀，关闭回流阀向浓奶罐送料。三效分汽缸压力≥0.8Mpa、热压泵压力0.8MPa。杀菌温度98℃约15s。一效蒸发温度75℃、二效蒸发温度60℃、三效蒸发温度54℃，冷却水排水温度≤40℃。一效分离器真空-0.065MPa、二效分离器真空-0.081MPa、三效分离器真空-0.084MPa。
S4、喷雾干燥：浓缩后的奶液进入喷雾干燥塔，当排风温度达到90℃，进风温度在130℃以上时，调节高压泵压力至15MPa以上，开始喷雾干燥，经流化床冷却后得到儿童全营养配方粉。
对比例1
与实施例4相比，区别仅在于：全营养配方粉中DHA粉、ARA粉和复配核苷酸的重量份不同，分别为DHA粉10份、ARA粉7份、复配核苷酸1份。
对比例2
与实施例4相比，区别仅在于：全营养配方粉中动物双歧杆菌、低聚半乳糖、复配核苷酸和部分水解乳清蛋白粉的重量份不同，分别为动物双歧杆菌1份，低聚半乳糖3份，复配核苷酸1份，部分水解乳清蛋白粉100份。
对比例3
与实施例4相比，区别仅在于：全营养配方粉中复合核苷酸包括5'-肌苷酸二钠14％、5'-鸟苷酸二钠6％、5'-尿苷酸二钠26％、5'-胞苷酸二钠36％、5'单磷酸腺苷18％。
效果例1冲调、感官评价
分别称取实施例4-6和对比例1-3得到的全营养配方粉和市售营养粉A各55g倒入可密闭容器内，用210mL温水(不超过50℃)倒入其中，盖上盖子，紧按舌盖，上下摇晃20s，静置5min后，观察冲调液状态，冲调比对结果如表1、图1和图2所示。
表1各组冲调结果
| 冲调描述 | 白点情况 | |
| 实施例4 | 颜色为乳黄色，搅拌120下，没有团块，完全溶解 | 没有白点 |
| 实施例5 | 颜色为乳黄色，搅拌120下，没有团块，完全溶解 | 没有白点 |
| 实施例6 | 颜色为乳黄色，搅拌120下，没有团块，完全溶解 | 没有白点 |
| 对比例1 | 颜色为乳黄色，搅拌120下，产生较多团快 | 白点较多 |
| 对比例2 | 颜色为乳黄色，搅拌120下，产生较多团块 | 白点较多 |
| 对比例3 | 颜色为乳黄色，搅拌120下，产生较多团块 | 白点较多 |
| 市售品A | 颜色为乳黄色，搅拌120下，产生大团块 | 少量白点 |
由上表可知，本发明实施例4-6得到的儿童全营养配方粉与对比例相比，冲调表现良好，没有白点，无团块。
同时，随机选取20位身体健康，无不良嗜好，年龄在20-40周岁的人群对实施例4-6以及对比例1-3得到的全营养配方粉和市售营养粉A(含部分水解乳清蛋白粉)以盲样的形式从外观、香味、风味、甜味、奶味、口感、后味和整体上进行打分评价，评价结果如图3所示。
根据图3可知，本发明实施例4-6总体喜爱度评价高于市售品A和对比例1-3。
效果例2改善小鼠营养不良的研究
1.实验动物及分组
选取健康雄性昆明小鼠90只，购于山东鲁抗医药股份有限公司，体重18-22g；适应性饲喂一周，随机选取10只为正常组，剩余小鼠每日给予原日剂量饲料的一半，连续饲喂四周，小鼠表现为营养不良典型症状：毛无光泽，行为活动减少，体瘦。然后随机将小鼠分为模型组、实施例4组、实施例5组、实施例6组、对比例1组、对比例2组和对比例3组，每组10只。
2.实验方法
配方粉的浓度为1.8g/ml，小鼠受试剂量为4ml/次，实施例4-6组和对比例1-3组按照对应的配方粉早中晚灌胃，一次7.2g/kg，(日剂量相当于人体推荐剂量的8倍)，一日三次，连续灌胃15天，自由饮水；正常组和模型组灌胃相同剂量的纯净水。各组于末次给药后称重，麻醉小鼠摘眼球取血，室温静置离心取血清，检测血清中SOD、CAT酶活性；并解剖取小鼠肝脏，脾脏，肾脏称重，并与小鼠体重相比得脏体比。其实验结果见下表。
表2各组对小鼠肝、脾、肾的脏体比及SOD、CAT酶活性的影响
注：同一列不同字母表示相应组之间比较具有显著的统计学差异，p＜0.05。
由上表可知，本发明实施例配方可以改善营养不良小鼠肝脏、脾脏和肾脏的脏体比，具有明显的提高免疫力作用，除此之外，通过对小鼠血清中SOD和CAT酶活力的测定，可知本发明实施例配方粉可以很好的清除机体内的过氧化物自由基，相比模型组具有明显的抗氧化和抗疲劳作用。
最后应当说明的是，以上内容仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对本发明保护范围的限制，本领域的普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案进行的简单修改或者等同替换，均不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种儿童全营养配方粉，其特征在于：包括以下重量份的组分：麦芽糊精300-400份，部分水解乳清蛋白粉150-200份，固体玉米糖浆100-150份，中链甘油三酯80-120份，白砂糖50-100份，复合植物油30-50份，大豆油15-45份，磷酸氢钙8-15份，柠檬酸钾8-12份，碳酸钙3-7份，硫酸镁3-6份，磷酸三钙2-4份，氯化钠2-4份，复合维生素2-4份，低聚半乳糖2-4份，单,双甘油脂肪酸酯2-4份，磷脂2-4份，氯化钾1-3份，氯化胆碱1-3份，复合矿物质0.5-2份，牛磺酸0.1-0.3份，左旋肉碱0.1-0.4份，DHA粉4-7份，ARA粉6-10份，L-抗坏血酸钠0.5-1份，复配核苷酸0.1-0.5份，动物双歧杆菌Bb-12 0.1-0.5份；
所述DHA、ARA、复配核苷酸的质量比为4-7：6-9：0.1-0.5；所述动物双歧杆菌与低聚半乳糖的质量比为0.1-0.5：2-3；
以质量分数计，所述复配核苷酸由5'-肌苷酸二钠14.2％-16.8％，5'-鸟苷酸二钠6.2％-7.9％，5'-尿苷酸二钠20％-25％，5'-胞苷酸二钠36.2％-40％，5'单磷酸腺苷14.3％-17.9％组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的儿童全营养配方粉，其特征在于：所述部分水解乳清蛋白粉的水解度为11％-15％，小于3500Da肽段的占比为65％-100％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的儿童全营养配方粉，其特征在于：所述复合植物油包括玉米油、低芥酸菜籽油、椰子油、葵花籽油和大豆油中的至少两种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的儿童全营养配方粉，其特征在于：所述复合维生素包括维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K1、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素C、生物素、烟酰胺、叶酸、泛酸中的至少两种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的儿童全营养配方粉，其特征在于：所述复合维生素以1克计包括维生素A 2309-3214μg RE，维生素D 31-42μg，维生素E 21-29mgα-TE，维生素K1 170-230μg，维生素B1 2635-3565μg，维生素B2 4080-5520μg，维生素B6 2918-3948μg，维生素B126.8-9.2μg，维生素C 453-613μg，生物素54-73μg，烟酰胺16940-22920μg，叶酸524-710μg，泛酸10170-13760μg。
6.根据权利要求1所述的儿童全营养配方粉，其特征在于：所述的复合矿物质包括铜、铁、锌、锰、碘、硒中的至少两种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的儿童全营养配方粉，其特征在于：所述复合矿物质以1克计包括铜3200-4320μg、铁64-86mg、锌37-51mg、锰1500-2030μg、碘553-748μg、硒179-242μg。
8.一种权利要求1-7任一项所述的儿童全营养配方粉的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
S1、配料：在水中先加入磷酸氢钙、磷酸三钙、碳酸钙、氯化钾、柠檬酸钾、氯化钠、硫酸镁、氯化胆碱、牛磺酸、低聚半乳糖、左旋肉碱、L-抗坏血酸钠、磷脂和单,双甘油脂肪酸酯后搅拌，再加入复合矿物质溶解，再加入部分水解乳清蛋白粉，最后加入剩余组分混合均匀；
S2、均质：在温度50-60℃、压力16-20MPa下对S1中混合均匀的原料进行均质，均质后的原料冷却到10-20℃；
S3、杀菌浓缩：对均质冷却后的原料进行杀菌浓缩，所述杀菌的条件为：温度92-98℃，时间5-15s；所述的浓缩为三效浓缩，浓缩的条件为：一效蒸发温度68-75℃、二效蒸发温度54-60℃、三效蒸发温度46-54℃；一效分离器真空-0.065-0.071MPa、二效分离器真空-0.081-0.084MPa、三效分离器真空-0.084-0.091MPa；
S4、喷雾干燥：浓缩后的原料进行喷雾干燥，经流化床冷却后得到所述的儿童全营养配方粉。
9.权利要求1-7任一项所述的儿童全营养配方粉或权利要求8所述的制备方法制备得到的儿童全营养配方粉在食品加工中的应用。
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| CN108029768A (zh) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-15 | 上海晨冠乳业有限公司 | 一种含乳铁蛋白和益生菌的婴幼儿配方奶粉及其制备方法 |
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| CN109601981A (zh) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-04-12 | 武汉轻工大学 | 一种适用于早产和低出生体重儿的营养特膳食品及其制备方法 |
| CN111011522A (zh) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-04-17 | 青岛索康食品有限公司 | 一种提高免疫力的儿童配方奶粉及其制备方法 |
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