CN116508698A - Green ecological breeding method for two crops of salt Wang Zi in one year - Google Patents
Green ecological breeding method for two crops of salt Wang Zi in one year Download PDFInfo
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- CN116508698A CN116508698A CN202310696596.2A CN202310696596A CN116508698A CN 116508698 A CN116508698 A CN 116508698A CN 202310696596 A CN202310696596 A CN 202310696596A CN 116508698 A CN116508698 A CN 116508698A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a salt Wang Zi one-year two-crop green ecological breeding method, which is divided into two stages of ecological breeding of shrimps, crabs and shellfish and breeding of conch suspension cages, wherein each stage lasts for 5 months; the method utilizes the annual available time of the salt Wang Zi to carry out two-crop cultivation of the jellyfish, the shrimp, the crab and the shellfish, fully utilizes water surface and water resources, utilizes shellfish to regulate water quality, increases economic benefit and high-quality products, provides service for stable yield and supply, forms a green comprehensive cultivation mode of ecological reciprocity of two-crop in one year, effectively improves the utilization rate and the yield of the salt Wang Zi, and increases the yield and the income of fishermen.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological aquaculture, in particular to a salt Wang Zi one-year two-crop green ecological aquaculture method.
Background
Salt Wang Zi generally refers to a pool for preparing brine by sun-curing salt, and salt Wang Zi can be used for culturing aquatic products in Tianjin coastal new area in China, for example, salt Wang Ziha (alias salt pool shrimp) is one of special fresh foods in two places of big harbor and Hangu in the coastal new area. Salt Wang Zi is cultured water and is introduced into seawater, the seawater can be promoted through evaporating salinity, a large amount of plankton which is supplied for salt Wang Ziha for predation can grow in the process of transpiration, because the salt grows in a special semi-natural mariculture environment, the salinity in the water is higher, artificial baits which are put in the raising process are fewer, the growing environment is more green and ecological, and the taste of salt Wang Ziha can be more elastic and tough than that of ordinary cultured shrimps, so that the salt is popular with citizens. Salt Wang Ziha is generally put into the market in a large quantity in 4 months and 7 to 9 months each year, and the rest time is the idle time of salt Wang Zi when only shrimps are cultivated alone, so that the utilization rate and yield of salt Wang Zi are increased, and comprehensive cultivation and cultivation of more than one year are the preferred cultivation modes in the future.
In the prior art, for the development and utilization of salt Wang Zi, most of 1-2 batches of prawns are bred in one year, single breeding species means that the water condition adjusting capability is poorer in the breeding process, the manual adjustment is completely relied on, the seawater is removed from the feed to supply part, and most of the feed needs to be supplemented by manually adding live feed; although still bringing a certain benefit to farmers, the salt Wang Zi is in a shrimp-free and nutritional state at the beginning of 8-9 months each year in a comprehensive way, and the water resource, equipment, manpower and other material investment in idle time is in an idle state, so that comprehensive, green and ecological multi-cropping cultivation is a future development direction in the long term for increasing the yield and income of the farmers.
Accordingly, those skilled in the art have focused on developing a salt Wang Zi two-year green ecological breeding method to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is the problem of the drawbacks of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: performing ecological cultivation of the jellyfish, the shrimp, the crab and the shellfish and two-stage cultivation of the shell snail cage in salt Wang Zizhong;
the first stage of ecological breeding of the shrimps, the crabs and the shellfish has a period of 4 to 9 months and a period of 5 months, and specifically comprises the following steps:
120 to 130 kg of sea melon seeds with the specification of 600 to 700 grains per kg are put in each mu in the last ten days of 4 months;
in the middle ten days of 4 months, 80-100 kg of Philippines clams with the specification of 400-500 grains per mu are put in;
in the middle ten days of 4 months, 50-60 umbrella-shaped jellyfish larvae with the egg size are put in each mu, and the jellyfish larvae are put in every 20 days for three times;
1.2 to 1.5 ten thousand prawns with the specification of 1.0 to 1.5cm are put in each mu in the late 4 months or the beginning 5 months;
in the late 4 months or at the beginning of 5 months, 0.4kg of portunus trituberculatus seedlings with the specification of 2.4-2.8 ten thousand per mu are put in per kg of portunus trituberculatus seedlings in stage II;
at the beginning of 7 months, jellyfish with the weight of more than 5.5 kg is captured and processed; capturing more than 11cm of Chinese prawn and more than 130g of portunus trituberculatus in the middle ten days of 8 months; capturing sea melon seeds and Philippines clams in the last 9 months; the capturing task is completed in 9 ten days of the middle month;
further, the ecological breeding of the jellyfish, the shrimp, the crab and the shellfish specifically comprises the following steps:
step A1, preparing a culture environment;
step A1.1, pond selection: 200-300 mu of area, mud and sand as the substrate, average water depth of 6m or more, salinity of 23-27S, water change of 50% along with flood tide in 2-3 days, water quality conforming to national standard, dissolved oxygen stability of 4mg/L or more, and pH value range of 8.0-8.8;
step A1.2, pond cleaning: dredging and trimming the pond, finishing and covering the beach surface of Bei Qi, repeatedly flushing the places with thicker sediments with seawater, draining accumulated water, and sealing the gate and airing the pond for 4-5 days;
step A1.3, installing a sluice gate and a double-layer filter screen: the water inlet and the water outlet are provided with filter screens to prevent the cultivated objects from escaping from the pond;
step A1.4, water inlet and pond disinfection: the water inflow is 10 to 15cm deep, and the dosage of quicklime is 100 to 120g/m 2 When the water depth is 1m, the dosage of the quicklime is 400-450 g/m 2 At the time of adding 30g/m 2 The crushed tea seed cake is soaked for 24 hours, and the pH value of pool water is 10-12, so that the wild fish, shrimp, parasites and bacteria can be rapidly removed;
step A1.5, fertilizer water: after the disinfection and sterilization for 7 days, fresh seawater is fed to the water level of 30-40 cm 10 days before seedling placement, water is fertilized, fermented chicken manure or water fertilizer paste and water treasures are used as the water fertilizer, the water is required to be brown or light brown, and the transparency is 50-60 cm;
step A1.6, setting a mesh belt: a 60-mesh protective net is additionally arranged at the position 1m away from the shore around the salt Wang Zi, the net belt is selected from bamboo poles or wood sticks inserted into the bottom of the pool, the upper end is penetrated by a plastic rope, and the lower end is buried into the bottom of the pool for fixation; the rod distance is 1.3-1.7 m, and the net belt is ensured to be upright and firm;
step A2, stocking seedlings;
step A2.1, after cleaning Philippine clams and sea melon seeds, uniformly playing on the beach surfaces at two sides, avoiding the gate, and keeping the stocking density at 100-120 grains/m 2 Water is immediately fed after 15-20 min after seeding;
step A2.2, transporting, cleaning and sterilizing Chinese prawn and portunus trituberculatus offspring seeds in advance, and then directly putting the blue prawn and portunus trituberculatus offspring seeds into a pool, wherein 1.2-1.5 ten thousand prawn seedlings are bred per mu, and 0.4 of portunus trituberculatus offspring seeds are bred per mu in the II period;
a2.3, throwing 50-60 umbrella-shaped larvae with the egg size per mu of jellyfish fries, throwing a second batch of jellyfish fries when the water temperature is stabilized at 20 ℃ when the first batch of jellyfish grows to more than 10cm, and then throwing three batches of jellyfish fries;
step A3, cultivation management;
step A3.1, bait feeding: the daily feeding amount of fresh live baits or compound feeds is 1.5% -2.0% of the weight of Chinese shrimps and portunus trituberculatus, the feeding amount in the evening accounts for 65%, the specific feeding amount is increased and decreased along with water temperature and weather factors, the feeding amount is increased after large tide flood and water change, the feeding amount is decreased in rainy days, the feeding amount is determined according to water quality and air temperature before feeding, and the feeding amount is twice a day and is once in the morning and evening;
step A3.2, water quality management: the water is mainly added in the early stage of cultivation, and is changed in the middle and later stages, so that a large-row large-irrigation method is not adopted for maintaining the stability of the water environment of salt Wang Zi, 15-25 cm of daily water is changed, and 25-35 cm of water is changed in large tide flood;
step A3.3, daily management: randomly observing and measuring the body length and the body weight of cultured organisms every half month, knowing the growth condition by observation, controlling the feeding quantity, controlling the pH value during the culture to be 8.0-8.5, the salinity to be 20-30S, the dissolved oxygen to be more than 4 millig/liter, the transparency of pool water to be 40-50 cm, the beach water level to be more than 1.2m, and timely adjusting the water level according to the seasonal change;
step A4, harvesting and capturing;
step A4.1, when the individual jellyfish reaches more than 6.0 kg, the jellyfish floats to the water surface in the morning for fishing every day, and the jellyfish is primarily processed and sold on the market after being caught and kept in a large size;
step A4.2, the length of the Chinese prawn body is more than 11cm, a ground cage net with a mesh of 3.5-4.0 cm is adopted, the large prawn body is caught, the small prawn body is caught, and the prawn body is caught in a wheel way and put on the market;
step A4.3, when the individual portunus trituberculatus reaches more than 130g, capturing by adopting a ground cage net, and capturing the portunus trituberculatus on the market in a wheel way;
step A4.4, capturing shellfish in the last ten days of 9 months, and finishing all the steps in the last ten days of 9 months;
further, for the step A1.3, the filter screen installed at the water inlet adopts sleeve meshes, and the frame gaps are filled with palm fibers to be firm; the filter screen arranged at the water outlet adopts an arc-shaped purse net; the specification of the filter screen is 60-70 meshes;
further, for the step A2, the time of the seed stocking is respectively as follows: the putting time of the Philippines clams and the sea melon seeds is 4 middle ten days; when the water temperature is stabilized at more than 14 ℃, jellyfish, chinese prawn and portunus trituberculatus offspring seeds are put in;
further, for the step A2.2, the offspring seed requirements of the Chinese prawn are tidier, the body surface is clean, no attachments exist, the activity is strong, the water reversing property is good, and the medicine residue detection is negative;
the period of the second-stage shell and spiral cage culture stage is 10 months from the last 10 months to the next 3 months of the second year, and the period is 5 months, specifically:
starting to put in shellfish and snail fries in the last 10 months, wherein the shellfish and snail fries sources, the specific putting time, the stocking density and the seedling separation time are determined according to the actual yield requirement and the ecological breeding mode;
sequentially harvesting the shell snails in the hanging cage and carrying out subsequent processing in the period of 1 month to 3 months in the next year;
further, the shell suspension cage culture specifically comprises the following steps:
step B1, breeding conditions and material preparation;
step B1.1, cleaning and finishing the pool: dredging and trimming the bottom of the pond in the late 9 th month, repeatedly flushing the places with thicker sediments with seawater, draining accumulated water, and sealing the gate and airing the pond for 4-5 days;
step B1.2, installing a sluice gate and a double-layer filter screen: filter screens are arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet to prevent harmful organisms from entering the salt Wang Zi;
step B1.3, water inlet and pond disinfection: when the water is 10-15 cm deep, 100-120 g/m of quicklime is used 2 When the water depth is 1m, the quicklime is 400-450 g/m 2 The pH value of the pond water is 10-12 after soaking for 24 hours, so that the wild fish, shrimp, parasites and bacteria can be rapidly removed;
step B1.4, preparing culture materials: wood peg: piling and fixing the hard miscellaneous tree, wherein the diameter of the hard miscellaneous tree is 13-15 cm, the length of the hard miscellaneous tree is 3.5-4.0 m, one end of the hard miscellaneous tree is cut into a sharp with an edge angle by 1/3 length, the lower part of the other end of the hard miscellaneous tree is drilled with a round hole with the diameter of 2.0cm, the hole edge is blunt, 8 holes per mu are cut, or the hard miscellaneous tree is fixed by using a welded iron anchor;
peg boom: polyethylene ropes with diameters of 1.8-2.0 cm are selected, and the effective length is 2.5 times of the water depth, 8 polyethylene ropes are used per mu;
floating boom: selecting polyethylene ropes with the diameter of 1.8-2.0 cm, tying 360 strands of polyethylene ropes every 100cm to form suspension cage buckles, wherein 4-5 polyethylene ropes are used for each mu, and each effective length is 90-100 m;
screen window net seedling bag: polypropylene is selected, the mesh is 1.5-2.0 mm, and the specification is 30cm multiplied by 45cm; 1000-1200 per mu; the method is additionally provided with 80 pieces of pendant stones per mu, and 80 seedling ropes per mu are grown at about 5.0 m;
hanging and raising cage: the hanging cage A is formed by selecting 18-24 strands of polyethylene wires as net sheets, wherein the mesh is 2.8-3.0 cm, each cage is 10 layers, the layer spacing is 12-15 cm, the diameter of a plastic disc is 30cm or 34cm, and the diameter of small holes on the disc is 1cm; the hanging cage B is a plastic plate with the diameter of 60cm or 65cm, and the diameter of small holes on the plate is 1.5cm; selecting 24-36 strands of polyethylene wires as meshes, wherein the meshes are 3.0-3.5 cm, each cage is 5 layers, and the layer spacing is 25-30 cm; the cage ropes are 240 strands of polyethylene ropes, two strands of polyethylene ropes and have an effective length of 2m, and each mu of the cage ropes is 400 cages;
and (3) floating: selecting 360 strands of polyethylene ropes with the diameter of 30cm, wherein the effective length is 1.0m, the binding method is a 'claw', one buoy is tied every 100cm, and 300-320 buoys are tied per mu;
management ship: 2 of 20 horsepower boats, 1 of 40 horsepower boats;
step B2, seedling throwing and seedling dividing;
step B2.1, purchasing or capturing qualified seedlings, and successively throwing in the beginning of 10 months;
step B2.2, checking the growth condition of the offspring seeds periodically, and timely dividing the offspring seeds according to the sizes of the offspring seeds to prevent the respiratory growth of the shellfish from being influenced by the overlarge density; seedling separation is carried out for 35 days of hanging culture, and the total seedling separation is carried out for 3-4 times in the whole culture process;
step B3, cultivation management;
step B3.1, checking floating balls, cages and checking the growth condition of shellfish; replacing the incoming water or broken float;
step B3.2, monitoring the composition and quantity of the species of the seawater phytoplankton for 1 time every other day, and timely feeding water or fertilizing water;
step B3.3, monitoring the water quality for 2-3 times per week, mainly monitoring salinity, pH value, permanganate index, active phosphate value, dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen;
step B3.4, lifting the cage for 1-2 times per month for checking or beating, and removing attachments of the lifting cage;
step B4, capturing: capturing the shellfish and the snail after reaching the qualified size of the variety of the shellfish and snail;
further, in the specific embodiment of the invention, the shell and the snail species in the second stage are selected from the group consisting of rapana venosa, arca subcrenata and oyster;
by adopting the scheme, the salt Wang Zi one-year two-crop green ecological breeding method disclosed by the invention has the following advantages:
(1) According to the method for ecologically cultivating the salt Wang Zi in two batches for one year, in the first stage, the characteristics of filtering single-cell algae and organic scraps of shellfish, feeding plankton, small crustacean, multi-hair and small fish and adjusting water quality are utilized, philippines clams and sea melon seeds are added in the ecologically cultivating the jellyfish, shrimp, crab and shellfish, single-cell algae are induced in the fertility of water in the mixed cultivated jellyfish, shrimp, crab and shellfish, so that abundant high-quality baits are provided for the shellfish, the water quality can be adjusted through the shellfish, and the income of shellfish cultivation can be additionally obtained.
(2) According to the method for ecologically cultivating the shellfish in the two batches of salt Wang Zi in one year, the leisure time of autumn and winter salt Wang Zi is utilized for cultivating the shellfish in the cage in the second stage, so that water surface and water resources are fully utilized, economic benefits and high-quality products are increased, services are provided for stable yield and supply, a year two batch ecologically reciprocal green comprehensive cultivation mode is formed, and the utilization rate and the yield of salt Wang Zi are effectively improved.
In summary, according to the salt Wang Zi one-year two-crop green ecological breeding method disclosed by the invention, the two-crop ecological breeding of the jellyfish, the shrimp, the crab and the shellfish suspension cage are carried out by utilizing the salt Wang Zi in the whole year, so that the water surface and the water resource are fully utilized, the water quality is regulated by utilizing shellfish, the economic benefit and high-quality products are increased, the service is provided for stable production and supply, the one-year two-crop ecological reciprocal green comprehensive breeding mode is formed, the utilization rate and the yield of the salt Wang Zi are effectively improved, and the yield and income are increased for fishermen.
The conception, specific technical scheme, and technical effects produced by the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the specific embodiments below to fully understand the objects, features, and effects of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes a number of preferred embodiments of the present invention to make its technical contents more clear and easy to understand. This invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments which are exemplary of the description and the scope of the invention is not limited to only the embodiments set forth herein.
If there are experimental methods for which specific conditions are not specified, the experimental methods are usually carried out according to conventional conditions, such as the related instructions or manuals.
Example 1 salt Wang Zizhe shrimp, crab and shellfish, bemisia tabaci and two-crop ecological cultivation in one year (200 mu) was performed according to the following steps
Step A1, preparing a culture environment;
step A1.1, pond selection: the area is 200 mu, the substrate is mud sand, the average water depth is 6m or more, the salinity is 23-27S, 50% or more of water can be changed along with the flood tide in 2-3 days, the water quality meets the national standard, the dissolved oxygen is stabilized at 4mg/L or more, and the pH value range is 8.0-8.8;
step A1.2, pond cleaning: dredging and trimming the pond, finishing and covering the beach surface of Bei Qi, repeatedly flushing the places with thicker sediments with seawater, draining accumulated water, and sealing the gate and airing the pond for 4-5 days;
step A1.3, installing a sluice gate and a double-layer filter screen: the filter screen is arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet to prevent the cultured organisms from escaping from the pool;
step A1.4, water inlet and pond disinfection: the water inflow is 10 to 15cm deep, and the dosage of quicklime is 100 to 120g/m 2 When the water depth is 1m, the dosage of the quicklime is 400-450 g/m 2 At the time of adding 30g/m 2 The crushed tea seed cake is soaked for 24 hours, and the pH value of pool water is 10-12, so that the wild fish, shrimp, parasites and bacteria can be rapidly removed;
step A1.5, fertilizer water: after the disinfection and sterilization for 7 days, fresh seawater is fed to the water level of 30-40 cm 10 days before seedling placement, water is fertilized, fermented chicken manure or water fertilizer paste and water treasures are used as the water fertilizer, the water is required to be brown or light brown, and the transparency is 50-60 cm;
step A1.6, setting a mesh belt: a 60-mesh protective net is additionally arranged at the position 1m away from the shore around the salt Wang Zi, the net belt is selected from bamboo poles or wood sticks inserted into the bottom of the pool, the upper end is penetrated by a plastic rope, and the lower end is buried into the bottom of the pool for fixation; the rod distance is 1.5m, so that the net belt is ensured to be upright and firm;
step A2, stocking seedlings;
step A2.1, after cleaning Philippines clams and sea melon seeds, uniformly playing on the beach surfaces at two sides, avoiding the gate, and keeping the breeding density of 120 grains/m 2 Water is immediately fed after 15-20 min after seeding;
step A2.2, transporting Chinese prawn and portunus trituberculatus offspring seeds in advance, cleaning and sterilizing, and then directly putting the blue prawn offspring seeds into a pool, wherein 1.5 ten thousand of blue prawn offspring seeds are bred per mu, and 0.4kg of portunus trituberculatus offspring seeds are bred per mu in the II period;
step A2.3, jellyfish fries, namely adding umbrella-shaped larvae with the size of 60 eggs per mu, adding a second batch of jellyfish fries when the first batch of jellyfish grows to more than 10cm and the water temperature is stable at 20 ℃, and adding three batches of jellyfish fries later;
step A3, cultivation management;
step A3.1, bait feeding: the daily feeding amount of fresh baits or compound feeds is 2.0 percent of the weight of the Chinese prawns and the portunus trituberculatus, the feeding amount in the evening is 65 percent, and the feeding amount is twice a day, and is once in the morning and evening;
step A3.2, water quality management: the water is mainly added in the early stage of cultivation, and is changed in the middle and later stages, so that a large-row large-irrigation method is not adopted for maintaining the stability of the water environment of salt Wang Zi, 25cm of water is changed every day, and 35cm of water is changed in a large tide;
step A3.3, daily management: randomly observing and measuring the body length and the body weight of cultured organisms every half month, knowing the growth condition by observation, controlling the feeding quantity, controlling the pH value during the culture to be 8.0-8.5, the salinity to be 20-30S, the dissolved oxygen to be more than 4 millig/liter, the transparency of pool water to be 40-50 cm, the beach water level to be more than 1.2m, and timely adjusting the water level according to the seasonal change;
step A4, harvesting and capturing;
step A4.1, when the individual jellyfish reaches more than 6.0 kg, the jellyfish floats to the water surface in the morning for fishing every day, and the jellyfish is primarily processed and sold on the market after being caught and kept in a large size;
step A4.2, the length of the Chinese prawn body is more than 11cm, a ground cage net with a mesh of 3.5-4.0 cm is adopted, the large prawn body is caught, the small prawn body is caught, and the prawn body is caught in a wheel way and put on the market;
step A4.3, when the individual portunus trituberculatus reaches more than 130g, capturing by adopting a ground cage net, and capturing the portunus trituberculatus on the market in a wheel way;
step A4.4, capturing shellfish in the last ten days of 9 months, and finishing all the steps in the last ten days of 9 months;
step B1, breeding conditions and material preparation;
step B1.1, cleaning and finishing the pool: dredging and trimming the bottom of the pond in the late 9 th month, repeatedly flushing the places with thicker sediments with seawater, draining accumulated water, and sealing the gate and airing the pond for 4-5 days;
step B1.2, installing a sluice gate and a double-layer filter screen: filter screens are arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet to prevent harmful organisms from entering the salt Wang Zi;
step B1.3, water inlet and pond disinfection: when the water is 10-15 cm deep, 100-120 g/m of quicklime is used 2 When the water depth is 1m, the quicklime is 400-450 g/m 2 The pH value of the pond water is 10-12 after soaking for 24 hours, so that the wild fish, shrimp, parasites and bacteria can be rapidly removed;
step B1.4, preparing culture materials: wood peg, peg boom, floating boom, screen mesh seedling bag, hanging cage, buoy and management ship;
step B2, seedling throwing and seedling dividing;
step B2.1, raising the offspring seed sources and the throwing time of the conch: the majority of the seedlings of the rapana venosa and the arca subcrenata are the seedlings which are harvested from Bohai Bay, have small specification and cannot be marketed, and the minority of the seedlings are purchased from Hebei, liaoning, shandong and the like; purchasing oyster seeds from Shandong;
hanging and breeding the shell snail stocking density: the stocking specification of the black snails is 14-16 grains/jin, the specification of the arca subcrenata is 38-43 grains/jin, the specification of the arca inflata reeve is 35-40 grains/jin, and the specification of the oyster is 400-500 grains/jin; putting the Arca inflata Reeve, the Arca subcrenata, the Androspire subcrenata and the oyster in the first 10 months; the initial throwing density of the Arca inflata Reeve, arca subcrenata and Anemone subcrenata is that each layer of the cage is thrown according to 0.6-0.7 jin; the initial putting density of the oyster is 1.5 to 2.0 jin for putting;
step B2.2, checking the growth condition of the offspring seeds periodically, and timely dividing the offspring seeds according to the sizes of the offspring seeds to prevent the respiratory growth of the shellfish from being influenced by the overlarge density; seedling separation is carried out for 35 days of hanging culture, and the total seedling separation is carried out for 3-4 times in the whole culture process;
step B3, cultivation management;
step B3.1, checking floating balls, cages and checking the growth condition of shellfish; replacing the incoming water or broken float;
step B3.2, monitoring the composition and quantity of the species of the seawater phytoplankton for 1 time every other day, and timely feeding water or fertilizing water;
step B3.3, monitoring the water quality for 2-3 times per week, mainly monitoring salinity, pH value, permanganate index, active phosphate value, dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen;
step B3.4, lifting the cage for 1-2 times per month for checking or beating, and removing attachments of the lifting cage;
step B4, capturing when the number of the red snails is 5-6 per jin, the number of the arca subcrenata is 25-27 per jin, the number of the arca inflata reeve is 23-25 per jin and the number of the oyster is 7-8 per jin; the common arca subcrenata, arca inflata reeve and rapana venosa are collected in 1 month to 2 months of the year, oyster can be caught and put in turn, and harvested 3 times from 10 months to 2-3 months of the next year, and seedlings can be put again after the first harvest;
example 2 salt Wang Zizhe shrimp, crab and shellfish, bemisia tabaci and Bemisia tabaci ecological breeding (300 mu) was developed according to the following steps
Step A1, preparing a culture environment;
step A1.1, pond selection: the area is 300 mu, the substrate is mud sand, the average water depth is 6m or more, the salinity is 23-27S, 50% or more of water can be changed along with the flood tide in 2-3 days, the water quality meets the national standard, the dissolved oxygen is stabilized at 4mg/L or more, and the pH value range is 8.0-8.8;
step A1.2, pond cleaning: dredging and trimming the pond, finishing and covering the beach surface of Bei Qi, repeatedly flushing the places with thicker sediments with seawater, draining accumulated water, and sealing the gate and airing the pond for 4-5 days;
step A1.3, installing a sluice gate and a double-layer filter screen: the water inlet and the water outlet are provided with filter screens to prevent the cultivated objects from escaping from the pond;
step A1.4, water inlet and pond disinfection: the water inflow is 10 to 15cm deep, and the dosage of quicklime is 100 to 120g/m 2 When the water depth is 1m, the dosage of the quicklime is 400-450 g/m 2 At the time of adding 30g/m 2 The crushed tea seed cake is soaked for 24 hours, and the pH value of pool water is 10-12, so that the wild fish, shrimp, parasites and bacteria can be rapidly removed;
step A1.5, fertilizer water: after the disinfection and sterilization for 7 days, fresh seawater is fed to the water level of 30-40 cm 10 days before seedling placement, water is fertilized, fermented chicken manure or water fertilizer paste and water treasures are used as the water fertilizer, the water is required to be brown or light brown, and the transparency is 50-60 cm;
step A1.6, setting a mesh belt: a 60-mesh protective net is additionally arranged at the position 1m away from the shore around the salt Wang Zi, the net belt is selected from bamboo poles or wood sticks inserted into the bottom of the pool, the upper end is penetrated by a plastic rope, and the lower end is buried into the bottom of the pool for fixation; the rod distance is 1.5m, so that the net belt is ensured to be upright and firm;
step A2, stocking seedlings;
step A2.1, after cleaning Philippines clams and sea melon seeds, uniformly playing on the beach surfaces at two sides, avoiding the gate, and keeping the breeding density of 120 grains/m 2 Water is immediately fed after 15-20 min after seeding;
step A2.2, transporting Chinese prawn and portunus trituberculatus offspring seeds in advance, cleaning and sterilizing, and then directly putting the blue prawn offspring seeds into a pool, wherein 1.5 ten thousand of blue prawn offspring seeds are bred per mu, and 0.4kg of portunus trituberculatus offspring seeds are bred per mu in the II period;
step A2.3, jellyfish fries, namely adding umbrella-shaped larvae with the size of 60 eggs per mu, adding a second batch of jellyfish fries when the first batch of jellyfish grows to more than 10cm and the water temperature is stable at 20 ℃, and adding three batches of jellyfish fries later;
step A3, cultivation management;
step A3.1, bait feeding: the daily feeding amount of fresh baits or compound feeds is 2.0 percent of the weight of the Chinese prawns and the portunus trituberculatus, the feeding amount in the evening is 65 percent, and the feeding amount is twice a day, and is once in the morning and evening;
step A3.2, water quality management: the water is mainly added in the early stage of cultivation, and is changed in the middle and later stages, so that a large-row large-irrigation method is not adopted for maintaining the stability of the water environment of salt Wang Zi, 25cm of water is changed every day, and 35cm of water is changed in a large tide;
step A3.3, daily management: randomly observing and measuring the body length and the body weight of cultured organisms every half month, knowing the growth condition by observation, controlling the feeding quantity, controlling the pH value during the culture to be 8.0-8.5, the salinity to be 20-30S, the dissolved oxygen to be more than 4 millig/liter, the transparency of pool water to be 40-50 cm, the beach water level to be more than 1.2m, and timely adjusting the water level according to the seasonal change;
step A4, harvesting and capturing;
step A4.1, when the individual jellyfish reaches more than 6.0 kg, the jellyfish floats to the water surface in the morning for fishing every day, and the jellyfish is primarily processed and sold on the market after being caught and kept in a large size;
step A4.2, the length of the Chinese prawn body is more than 11cm, a ground cage net with a mesh of 3.5-4.0 cm is adopted, the large prawn body is caught, the small prawn body is caught, and the prawn body is caught in a wheel way and put on the market;
step A4.3, when the individual portunus trituberculatus reaches more than 130g, capturing by adopting a ground cage net, and capturing the portunus trituberculatus on the market in a wheel way;
step A4.4, capturing shellfish in the last ten days of 9 months, and finishing all the steps in the last ten days of 9 months;
step B1, breeding conditions and material preparation;
step B1.1, cleaning and finishing the pool: dredging and trimming the bottom of the pond in the late 9 th month, repeatedly flushing the places with thicker sediments with seawater, draining accumulated water, and sealing the gate and airing the pond for 4-5 days;
step B1.2, installing a sluice gate and a double-layer filter screen: filter screens are arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet to prevent harmful organisms from entering the salt Wang Zi;
step B1.3, water inlet and pond disinfection: when the water is 10-15 cm deep, 100-120 g/m of quicklime is used 2 When the water depth is 1m, the quicklime is 400-450 g/m 2 The pH value of the pond water is 10-12 after soaking for 24 hours, so that the wild fish, shrimp, parasites and bacteria can be rapidly removed;
step B1.4, preparing culture materials: wood peg, peg boom, floating boom, screen mesh seedling bag, hanging cage, buoy and management ship;
step B2, seedling throwing and seedling dividing;
step B2.1, raising the offspring seed sources and the throwing time of the conch: the majority of the seedlings of the rapana venosa and the arca subcrenata are the seedlings which are harvested from Bohai Bay, have small specification and cannot be marketed, and the minority of the seedlings are purchased from Hebei, liaoning, shandong and the like; purchasing oyster seeds from Shandong;
hanging and breeding the shell snail stocking density: the stocking specification of the black snails is 14-16 grains/jin, the specification of the arca subcrenata is 38-43 grains/jin, the specification of the arca inflata reeve is 35-40 grains/jin, and the specification of the oyster is 400-500 grains/jin; putting the Arca inflata Reeve, the Arca subcrenata, the Androspire subcrenata and the oyster in the first 10 months; the initial throwing density of the Arca inflata Reeve, arca subcrenata and Anemone subcrenata is that each layer of the cage is thrown according to 0.6-0.7 jin; the initial putting density of the oyster is 1.5 to 2.0 jin for putting;
step B2.2, checking the growth condition of the offspring seeds periodically, and timely dividing the offspring seeds according to the sizes of the offspring seeds to prevent the respiratory growth of the shellfish from being influenced by the overlarge density; seedling separation is carried out for 35 days of hanging culture, and the total seedling separation is carried out for 3-4 times in the whole culture process;
step B3, cultivation management;
step B3.1, checking floating balls, cages and checking the growth condition of shellfish; replacing the incoming water or broken float;
step B3.2, monitoring the composition and quantity of the species of the seawater phytoplankton for 1 time every other day, and timely feeding water or fertilizing water;
step B3.3, monitoring the water quality for 2-3 times per week, mainly monitoring salinity, pH value, permanganate index, active phosphate value, dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen;
step B3.4, lifting the cage for 1-2 times per month for checking or beating, and removing attachments of the lifting cage;
step B4, capturing when the number of the red snails is 5-6 per jin, the number of the arca subcrenata is 25-27 per jin, the number of the arca inflata reeve is 23-25 per jin and the number of the oyster is 7-8 per jin; the common arca subcrenata, arca inflata reeve and rapana venosa are collected in 1 month to 2 months of the year, oyster can be caught and put in turn, and harvested 3 times from 10 months to 2-3 months of the next year, and seedlings can be put again after the first harvest;
comparative example 3A year-round ecological cultivation of salt Wang Zi Chinese prawns was carried out according to the following steps
Step 1, pond selection, pond cleaning, water gate and double-layer filter screen installation, pond water inflow and disinfection, fertilizer water and belt arrangement operation as in example 1;
step 2, at the bottom of 3 months, the Chinese prawn fries are transported in advance, cleaned and sterilized and then directly put into a pond, and 4.5 ten thousand Chinese prawns are bred per mu;
step 3, bait feeding, water quality management and daily management are as in example 1;
step 4, fishing, processing and selling the Chinese prawn bodies when the growth of the Chinese prawn bodies is more than 11cm in 6-7 months;
comparative example 4 one year two crops ecological cultivation of salt Wang Zi Chinese prawn was carried out according to the following steps
Step 1, pond selection, pond cleaning, water gate and double-layer filter screen installation, pond water inflow and disinfection, fertilizer water and belt arrangement operation as in example 2;
step 2, at the bottom of 3 months, the Chinese prawn fries are transported in advance, cleaned and sterilized, then are directly put into a pond, 3.5 ten thousand prawns (first crop) per mu of stocking Chinese prawns are temporarily cultivated in an indoor prawn pond, and the body length reaches more than 1.2cm to meet the requirement of outdoor feeding and then are moved to the outside;
step 3, bait feeding, water quality management and daily management are as in example 1;
step 4, fishing, processing and selling the Chinese prawn bodies when the growth of the Chinese prawn bodies is more than 11cm in 5-6 months;
step 5, in the middle ten days of 5 months, 3 ten thousand prawns (second crop) are bred in each mu; repeating bait feeding, water quality management and daily management, and fishing, processing and selling successively at the beginning of 8-9 months after meeting the conditions;
table 1 table Wang Zi data table for various cultivation modes
As shown in Table 1, the salt Wang Zi of the embodiment 1-2 has the advantages of profit compared with the single culture of Chinese shrimps (whether one crop or two crops) and the culture mode of the single culture of the shrimps, the ammonia nitrogen content of the seawater is higher, floating substances such as oil films and the like which are unfavorable for the survival of the shrimps occasionally appear, and the culture in the mode of the method can keep high quality of water all the time, because the functions of purifying water for the shellfish and the snail culture are introduced, the salt Wang Zi one-year two-crop green ecological culture method of the invention can utilize the total annual available time of the salt Wang Zi to carry out the two-crop culture of the shrimp and crab and the shellfish suspension cage culture, not only fully utilizes the water surface and the water resource and the shellfish to regulate the water quality, but also increases the economic benefit and high-quality products to provide service for stable production and protection, forms the green comprehensive culture mode of one-year two-crop reciprocal, and effectively improves the utilization rate and yield of the salt Wang Zi for fishermen.
The foregoing describes in detail preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be made in accordance with the concepts of the invention without requiring creative effort by one of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, all technical solutions which can be obtained by logic analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the prior art by a person skilled in the art according to the inventive concept shall be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A salt Wang Zi one-year two-crop green ecological breeding method is characterized in that,
the method is divided into two cultivation stages of ecological cultivation of the jellyfish, the shrimp, the crab and the shellfish and cultivation of the shell and the conch cage;
the ecological breeding stage of the jellyfish, the shrimp, the crab and the shellfish is carried out in the period of 4 to 9 months and in the period of 5 months, and specifically comprises the following steps:
120 to 130 kg of sea melon seeds with the specification of 600 to 700 grains per kg are put in each mu in the last ten days of 4 months;
in the middle ten days of 4 months, 80-100 kg of Philippines clams with the specification of 400-500 grains per mu are put in;
in the middle ten days of 4 months, 50-60 umbrella-shaped jellyfish larvae with the egg size are put in each mu, and the jellyfish larvae are put in every 20 days for three times;
1.2 to 1.5 ten thousand prawns with the specification of 1.0 to 1.5cm are put in each mu in the late 4 months or the beginning 5 months;
in the late 4 months or at the beginning of 5 months, 0.4kg of portunus trituberculatus seedlings with the specification of 2.4-2.8 ten thousand per mu are put in per kg of portunus trituberculatus seedlings in stage II;
at the beginning of 7 months, jellyfish with the weight of more than 5.5 kg is captured and processed; capturing more than 11cm of Chinese prawn and more than 130g of portunus trituberculatus in the middle ten days of 8 months; capturing sea melon seeds and Philippines clams in the last 9 months; the capturing task is completed in 9 ten days of the middle month;
wherein, the period of the Bemisia suspension cage cultivation stage is 10 months in the last ten days to 3 months in the next year, and the period is 5 months, and specifically comprises:
starting to put in shellfish and snail fries in the last 10 months, wherein the shellfish and snail fries sources, the specific putting time, the stocking density and the seedling separation time are determined according to the actual yield requirement and the ecological breeding mode;
and harvesting the shell snails in the hanging cage in succession from 1 month to 3 months in the next year and carrying out subsequent processing.
2. The method for ecologically cultivating two crops in one year with one salt Wang Zi according to claim 1,
the ecological breeding method of the jellyfish, shrimp, crab and shellfish specifically comprises the following steps:
step A1, preparing a culture environment;
step A1.1, pond selection: 200-300 mu of area, mud and sand as the substrate, average water depth of 6m or more, salinity of 23-27S, water change of 50% along with flood tide in 2-3 days, water quality conforming to national standard, dissolved oxygen stability of 4mg/L or more, and pH value range of 8.0-8.8;
step A1.2, pond cleaning: dredging and trimming the pond, finishing and covering the beach surface of Bei Qi, repeatedly flushing the places with thicker sediments with seawater, draining accumulated water, and sealing the gate and airing the pond for 4-5 days;
step A1.3, installing a sluice gate and a double-layer filter screen: the water inlet and the water outlet are provided with filter screens to prevent the cultivated objects from escaping from the pond;
step A1.4, water inlet and pond disinfection: when the water inflow is 10-15 cm deep, the dosage of quicklime is 100-120 g/m 2 When the water depth is 1m, the dosage of the quicklime is 400-450 g/m 2 At the time of adding 30g/m 2 The crushed tea seed cake is soaked for 24 hours, and the pH value of pool water is 10-12, so that the wild fish, shrimp, parasites and bacteria can be rapidly removed;
step A1.5, fertilizer water: after the disinfection and sterilization for 7 days, fresh seawater is fed to the water level of 30-40 cm 10 days before seedling placement, water is fertilized, fermented chicken manure or water fertilizer paste and water treasures are used as the water fertilizer, the water is required to be brown or light brown, and the transparency is 50-60 cm;
step A1.6, setting a mesh belt: a 60-mesh protective net is additionally arranged at the position 1m away from the shore around the salt Wang Zi, the net belt is selected from bamboo poles or wood sticks inserted into the bottom of the pool, the upper end is penetrated by a plastic rope, and the lower end is buried into the bottom of the pool for fixation; the rod distance is 1.3-1.7 m, and the net belt is ensured to be upright and firm;
step A2, stocking seedlings;
step A2.1, after cleaning Philippine clams and sea melon seeds, uniformly playing on the beach surfaces at two sides, avoiding the gate, and keeping the stocking density at 100-120 grains/m 2 Water is immediately fed after 15-20 min after seeding;
step A2.2, transporting, cleaning and sterilizing Chinese prawn and portunus trituberculatus offspring seeds in advance, and then directly putting the blue prawn and portunus trituberculatus offspring seeds into a pool, wherein 1.2-1.5 ten thousand prawn seedlings are bred per mu, and 0.4 of portunus trituberculatus offspring seeds are bred per mu in the II period;
a2.3, throwing 50-60 umbrella-shaped larvae with the egg size per mu of jellyfish fries, throwing a second batch of jellyfish fries when the water temperature is stabilized at 20 ℃ when the first batch of jellyfish grows to more than 10cm, and then throwing three batches of jellyfish fries;
step A3, cultivation management;
step A3.1, bait feeding: the daily feeding amount of fresh live baits or compound feeds is 1.5% -2.0% of the weight of Chinese shrimps and portunus trituberculatus, the feeding amount in the evening accounts for 65%, the specific feeding amount is increased and decreased along with water temperature and weather factors, the feeding amount is increased after large tide flood and water change, the feeding amount is decreased in rainy days, the feeding amount is determined according to water quality and air temperature before feeding, and the feeding amount is twice a day and is once in the morning and evening;
step A3.2, water quality management: the water is mainly added in the early stage of cultivation, and is changed in the middle and later stages, so that a large-row large-irrigation method is not adopted for maintaining the stability of the water environment of salt Wang Zi, 15-25 cm of daily water is changed, and 25-35 cm of water is changed in large tide flood;
step A3.3, daily management: randomly observing and measuring the body length and the body weight of cultured organisms every half month, knowing the growth condition by observation, controlling the feeding quantity, controlling the pH value during the culture to be 8.0-8.5, the salinity to be 20-30S, the dissolved oxygen to be more than 4 millig/liter, the transparency of pool water to be 40-50 cm, the beach water level to be more than 1.2m, and timely adjusting the water level according to the seasonal change;
step A4, harvesting and capturing;
step A4.1, when the individual jellyfish reaches more than 6.0 kg, the jellyfish floats to the water surface in the morning for fishing every day, and the jellyfish is primarily processed and sold on the market after being caught and kept in a large size;
step A4.2, the length of the Chinese prawn body is more than 11cm, a ground cage net with a mesh of 3.5-4.0 cm is adopted, the large prawn body is caught, the small prawn body is caught, and the prawn body is caught in a wheel way and put on the market;
step A4.3, when the individual portunus trituberculatus reaches more than 130g, capturing by adopting a ground cage net, and capturing the portunus trituberculatus on the market in a wheel way;
and (C) capturing shellfish in the last ten days of 9 months and finishing all the steps in the last ten days of 9 months.
3. The method for ecologically cultivating two crops in one year with one salt Wang Zi according to claim 1,
the shell and spiral cage culture specifically comprises the following steps:
step B1, breeding conditions and material preparation;
step B1.1, cleaning and finishing the pool: dredging and trimming the bottom of the pond in the late 9 th month, repeatedly flushing the places with thicker sediments with seawater, draining accumulated water, and sealing the gate and airing the pond for 4-5 days;
step B1.2, installing a sluice gate and a double-layer filter screen: filter screens are arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet to prevent harmful organisms from entering the salt Wang Zi;
step B1.3, water inlet and pond disinfection: when the water is 10-15 cm deep, 100-120 g/m of quicklime is used 2 When the water depth is 1m, the quicklime is 400-450 g/m 2 The pH value of the pond water is 10-12 after soaking for 24 hours, so that the wild fish, shrimp, parasites and bacteria can be rapidly removed;
step B1.4, preparing culture materials: wood peg, peg boom, floating boom, screen mesh seedling bag, hanging cage, buoy, management ship and dip net;
step B2, seedling throwing and seedling dividing;
step B2.1, purchasing or capturing qualified seedlings, and successively throwing in the beginning of 10 months;
step B2.2, checking the growth condition of the offspring seeds periodically, and timely dividing the offspring seeds according to the sizes of the offspring seeds to prevent the respiratory growth of the shellfish from being influenced by the overlarge density; seedling separation is carried out for 35 days of hanging culture, and the total seedling separation is carried out for 3-4 times in the whole culture process;
step B3, cultivation management;
step B3.1, checking floating balls, cages and checking the growth condition of shellfish; replacing the incoming water or broken float;
step B3.2, monitoring the composition and quantity of the species of the seawater phytoplankton for 1 time every other day, and timely feeding water or fertilizing water;
step B3.3, monitoring the water quality for 2-3 times per week, mainly monitoring salinity, pH value, permanganate index, active phosphate value, dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen;
step B3.4, lifting the cage for 1-2 times per month for checking or beating, and removing attachments of the lifting cage;
step B4, capturing: the shellfish and the snail can be captured after reaching the corresponding commodity specification.
4. A method for ecologically cultivating two crops in one year with one salt Wang Zi according to claim 2,
for the step A1.3, a filter screen arranged at the water inlet adopts sleeve meshes, and a frame gap is filled with palm fibers and is firm; the filter screen arranged at the water outlet adopts an arc-shaped purse net; the specification of the filter screen is 60-70 meshes.
5. A method for ecologically cultivating two crops in one year with one salt Wang Zi according to claim 2,
for the step A2.2, the offspring seed of the Chinese prawn is required to be of a tidy size, the body surface is clean, no attachments exist, the activity capability is strong, the water reversing property is good, and the medicine residue detection is negative.
6. A method for ecologically cultivating two crops in one year with one salt Wang Zi according to claim 2,
for the step A2, the time for stocking the seedlings is respectively as follows: the putting time of the Philippines clams and the sea melon seeds is 4 middle ten days; when the water temperature is stabilized above 14 ℃, jellyfish, chinese prawn and blue crab offspring seed are put in.
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| CN101347106A (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2009-01-21 | 宁波市海洋与渔业研究院 | Stereo fine cultivation technique of shrimp, crab and shellfish in sea water pond |
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