CN114208728A - Method for intercropping eels in grass carp main culture pond - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for intercropping eel in a grass carp main culture pond, which comprises 5 production steps of pond preparation, fish seed stocking, bait feeding, daily management and harvesting. According to the invention, by reducing the stocking amount of grass carp acres, special aquatic product eels are bred in a intercropping manner, a new pond breeding mode is developed, and the aims of reducing weight, increasing income, improving quality and efficiency, realizing green development and enriching fishermen are achieved. The invention has simple and convenient operation and is easy to be accepted and popularized by people.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for intercropping eel in a grass carp main culture pond.
Background
Four famous Chinese carps (black carp, grass carp, silver carp and bighead carp) belong to the cyprinidae fishes of the cypriniformes, are the freshwater aquaculture support industry in China and have a long history of artificial aquaculture. The fresh water fish meat is delicious in meat quality and rich in nutrition, and simultaneously, the fresh water fish meat also very accords with the consumption habits of people in China, so that the fresh water fish meat is also a main variety for freshwater fish consumption in China. The four major Chinese carps play a significant role in freshwater fish culture in China. The four Chinese carps can adapt to the water temperature conditions in most areas of China, and the natural food is easy to obtain and the growth speed is high. The method relates to 3 kinds of four Chinese carps: grass carp, silver carp and bighead carp. Grass carp (Ctenophagodon idella) is called grass carp, grass root, grass carp and the like, belongs to typical herbivorous fishes, is generally favored to inhabit the middle and lower layers of a water body or places close to a lot of water plants, becomes an excellent culture object in China due to rapid growth and wide feed sources, and is transplanted to many countries of Asia, Europe, America and non-continents; silver carps (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) are also called silver carps, jumping silver carps, silver carps and the like, and the silver carps are impatient and jumping well and live on the upper layer of a water body. Chubs are typical filter feeding fishes, mainly eat zooplankton in the fry stage, and gradually feed phytoplankton when the chubs grow to more than 1.5 cm; bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) is called spotted silver carp, fat head fish, big head fish, spotted silver carp and the like, and the appearance is similar to that of silver carp. The sexual life is mild, does not like jumping, and lives in the upper layer of the water body. The filter feeding property is that zooplankton such as rotifer, cladocera, copepod and the like are eaten mainly, and part of phytoplankton and artificial feed are also eaten. Silver carps and bighead carps are the best water quality control ability and are indispensable stocking varieties in the freshwater aquaculture industry. The four Chinese carps are main species for fresh water fish culture in China, and with the rapid development of economy in China, the living standard of people is continuously improved, and the requirements of people on the quality of aquatic products are higher and higher. With the continuous improvement of the breeding technology of four major fishes in the future, the breeding prospect of four major fishes in China is wide. The existing farmers generally adopt a high-density intensive culture mode, so that the breeding management is quite efficient, but the mode has serious water body pollution, more diseases and increased dosage, the price of baits and fisheries is increased in the years, the breeding cost is increased naturally, the price of the four major fishes in the commodities with high density and high yield is relatively low, and particularly in the last years, the intensive culture mode enables the breeding benefit of the four major fishes to be obviously reduced. Therefore, the breeding mode of the four major fishes needs to be changed urgently, and ecological breeding, mixed breeding and brand development are the key directions for developing the breeding mode of the four major fishes in the future.
Carassius auratus gibelio is a breeding method for stimulating the ovum of Carassius auratus by using the gynogenesis reproduction characteristic of natural triploid Carassius auratus and the sperms of other fishes which grow faster and have larger individuals than the Carassius auratus, which is called gynogenesis reproduction, and the gynogenesis of Carassius auratus by using the unique gynogenesis mode of the Carassius auratus, namely the Carassius auratus bred in different aspects, and gynogenesis offspring produced by inseminating the ovum of the Carassius auratus with the heterology sperms (other than the Carassius auratus) in production is generally called Carassius auratus gibelio. The carassius auratus gibelio has rich nutrition, delicious meat taste, strong adaptability, and is a good variety for pond culture, and the feeding is easy.
Eel (Anguilla japonica Temminck et Schlegel) belongs to the order anguillales, family anguillaceae, genus Anguilla, also known as Anguilla japonica: river eel, Japanese eel and the like are traditional famous fishes and are mainly distributed in Yangtze river, Minjiang river, Zhujiang river basin, Hainan island, river and lake in China. The eel has strong vitality, can survive after being eaten for one and a half years, and the life of the bred eel can be as long as 50 years. Eel is a migratory fish which is native to the sea, grows in fresh water after tracing the river, returns to the sea to lay eggs, and a large number of young eels (also called white fries and eel streaks) enter river mouths from the sea in groups in spring every year, so that fishermen can catch the eel streaks which are just tracing the river by using handmade nets on the coast near the river mouths to sell the eel streaks to farmers within 12-1 month each year. Eel is often eaten at night, and food contains small fish, crab, shrimp, crustacean and aquatic insects, and also eats putrid animal bodies, and higher plant debris is found in part of individual food. The ingestion intensity and the growth speed are enhanced along with the rise of water temperature, and the highest values are generally used in spring and summer. Submerging into mud in winter to hibernate. Eel is rich in nutrition, delicious in taste, less in thorn and fleshy, has the functions of cooling, relieving summer heat, nourishing and strengthening body, and is praised as 'ginseng in water and soft gold in water'.
However, no report is found about a method for culturing eels in a grass carp main culture pond in a intercropping manner at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for intercropping eel in a grass carp main culture pond.
In order to realize the aim, the invention provides a method for culturing eels by intercropping a grass carp main culture pond, which consists of 5 production steps of pond preparation, fingerling stocking, bait feeding, daily management and harvesting, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A) preparing a pond: the method is characterized by selecting a pond with good water retention, flat bottom, less sludge and convenient water feeding and discharging, preferably having the pond depth of 2-2.5 m, the water level of 2.0-2.2 m and the area of 8-10 mu, and allocating 1 aerator of 1.5kw per 4-5 mu of pond area, wherein the water inlet is sleeved with a double-layer 60-mesh sieve silk mesh bag for filtering, and the water outlet is provided with two escape-preventing nets. Before the pond is used, the pond needs to be trimmed and cleaned for disinfection.
Further, the two escape-preventing nets in the step a: the first path is a 20-mesh arc purse seine, and the second path is a 30-mesh brake net to prevent fish seeds from escaping.
Further, the pond cleaning and disinfection in the step A are as follows: reserving 30cm of water at the bottom of the pool, soaking and disinfecting the pool with 10-20 kg/mu of bleaching powder for 48 hours, and then thoroughly draining and exposing the pool to the sun for later use; or sterilizing the mixture by using a dry method with 150-200 kg/mu of quicklime. The quicklime can be uniformly dug at the bottom of the pool, and after being dissolved by water, the quicklime is uniformly splashed to the whole pool bottom and pool slope when the quicklime is hot, and the bleaching powder is also uniformly splashed after being completely dissolved by water. No matter what kind of medicine is used for disinfection, the principle of 'less use on the beach, more use in the puddle, less use in shallow water and more use in deep water' needs to be mastered.
B) Breeding fish seeds: the 12 months to the 3 months of the next year are the stocking time of the conventional fish species, the water temperature is low at the stage, and the stocking survival rate is high. Selecting fish seeds with no deformity, regular specification, smooth body surface and strong mobility according to standard requirements for stocking, and disinfecting the purchased fish seeds before being put into a pond, wherein the fish seeds can be soaked in 8-12 per mill (mass percent) of salt solution for 20-30 minutes. The grass carp is bred by 1-2 jin/tail with 200-250 tails/mu; the silver carp is bred by 0.3-0.5 jin/tail at a rate of 50-60 tails/mu; the spotted silver carp is bred by 0.3-0.5 jin/tail with the size of 80-100 tails/mu; the carassius auratus gibelio is bred by 400 tails per mu in a breeding mode of 6-7 tails per jin. 4. And purchasing eel seeds for stocking according to the requirements of quality and specification when the water temperature is more than 15 ℃ in 5 months, and stocking 50 eel seeds per mu. The quality requirement is as follows: healthy and disease-free, smooth and harmless body surface and strong vitality; the specification requirement is as follows: the weight of the feed is 1.0-1.2 jin/tailed; the stocking requirement is as follows: when the eel is taken out of the pond, 1 to 2 mass percent of salt water is used for soaking and disinfecting for 20 to 30 minutes, then the eel is fished out and put into a prepared net cage in the culture pond, water is pumped by a water pump level opposite to the net cage, and the top water of the eel automatically swims out of the net cage and enters the culture pond.
C) Feeding baits: in the early stage of stocking, the water temperature is low, and some sinking hard granules (Hengxing brand, freshwater fish granules (model YL8101S) produced by Hengxing feed Co., Ltd., Zhejiang) are fed in a proper amount in sunny days for fish seeds to eat, so that the fish can be familiar with and adapt to the environment of an ingestion area as soon as possible. With the gradual rise of the water temperature, the normal feeding is started in 4 months every year, the feeding is carried out 2 times every day, the feeding is carried out once in the morning and afternoon, and the feeding time is controlled within 2 hours each time. The grass carp bait is prepared from 28% protein puffed pellet feed (Hengxing brand, freshwater fish)PuffingMaterial (type PY8610) produced by Hengxing feed Co., Ltd, Zhejiang province). The allogynogenetic crucian carp bait is made of sinking hard pellet feed (Hengxing brand, freshwater fish pellet feed (models YL8101, YL8101S) with protein content of 28-30%, and is produced by Hengxing feed Limited in Zhejiang province). Feeding 3 times every day in 7 months, feeding once in the morning, noon and afternoon, and feeding 2 times in the recovery days in 11 months. Conditional need for additional feeding of fresh green forage throughout the breeding season. In general, the bait feeding rate of the grass carp expanded pellet feed is as follows: 1.0% -1.5% in months 4-5; 1.5% -2.0% in months of 6-7; 2.0% -3.0% in 8-9 months; the 10-12 months are 1.0% -1.5%. The feeding rate of the carassius auratus gibelio is as follows: the month of 4-5 is 0.5% -1.0%; 1.0% -2.0% in months 6-9; the 10-12 months are 1.0% -1.5%. Eel powdery compound feed with protein content of 45% (changxing brand, adult eel compound feed, produced by fuzhou hippocampus feed limited), firstly powdery compound feed and water are mixed by weight of 1: 1, stirring in a stirrer, pouring out after bonding and forming, cutting into blocks with proper size, manually shaping into a smooth edge and flat dough, and then putting into a feeding frame. The feeding frame can be made into a similar iron fence frame (length is multiplied by width is multiplied by height is 200cm multiplied by 100cm multiplied by 50cm) by round stainless steel or steel bars, the distance between the fence frames is 10cm, the processed feeding frame is fixed on the water surface, the underwater is 30cm and 20cm above the water, a 2-inch water pump is arranged, the water pump is started to flush the horizontal plane of the feeding frame before feeding, the water outlet is 1-2m away from the feeding frame, and the eel is arranged in the waterFeeding of the eel requires stimulation by water flow. Feeding 1 time every afternoon, and controlling eel feeding time within 1 hour. It is recommended that the eel feeding frame is arranged opposite to the grass carp feeding area.
D) Daily management: the bait feeding needs to be fixed in time, fixed in quality and fixed in quantity at fixed points, the ingestion condition needs to be checked after each feeding, 1-2 material tables are needed to be placed on the sinking material to facilitate the checking, and the next feeding amount is adjusted in time according to the weather and the ingestion condition. The pond is patrolled 2 times in the morning and at night every day, the fish dynamics is carefully observed, the fish floating head signs are found in time, and the occurrence of the floating head pond-overtopping event is strictly prevented. And meanwhile, the water color change is observed, measures for improving the water quality are taken in time, and if the water is difficult to change, quicklime water is splashed in the whole pool to adjust the water quality, and the quicklime water is used by 30-50 jin per mu. The cleaning and sanitation work of the fishpond is well done, and a pond card recording system is established, so that statistics and tracing are convenient.
E) Catching and harvesting: and (3) pulling a net to catch grass carp, spotted silver carp and allogynogenetic crucian carp at the end of the year according to market demand and selling price, and if the eel is caught and sold or is moved into an indoor temporary culture pond for temporary culture, after the conventional fish catching is finished, draining and catching the remaining eel, or reserving 10cm of water at the bottom of the pond, and catching and taking along as required.
By adopting the method for intercropping the eels in the grass carp main culture pond, the two risks of grass carp culture are solved: the disease and the cost are reduced, the pollution pressure of the aquaculture pond caused by high traditional stocking density is solved, special aquatic products with high nutritive value are provided for consumers, and the vegetable basket is enriched. When the grass carps are bred and harvested, the specifications of the grass carps reach more than 8 jin/tail, the survival rate is more than 90%, and the yield per mu of the grass carps is 1600-1800 jin; the silver carp is 3-4 jin/tail, the spotted silver carp is 4-5 jin/tail, the survival rate is more than 95%, and the yield of the spotted silver carp per mu is 500-600 jin; the carassius auratus gibelio specification is 0.6-0.8 jin/tail, the survival rate is more than 90%, and the yield per mu is 200-260 jin; the specification of the eels reaches 1.45-1.63 jin/tail, the recapture rate is more than 98%, and the yield of the eels is 70-80 jin per mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the outstanding advantages that:
1. according to the traditional grass carp culture method, due to high-density stocking and high feed input, water body pollution and high fish morbidity are caused, the culture cost is increased year by year, meanwhile, the grass carp is influenced by market price fluctuation, and the culture benefit is reduced year by year. By reducing the stocking amount of grass carp per mu from 500-600 tails per mu to 200-250 tails per mu, special aquatic product eels are increased for intercropping, a new pond culture mode is developed, and the aims of reducing weight, increasing income, improving quality and efficiency, realizing green development and being rich in fishermen are achieved.
2. Due to the fact that the stocking amount of the grass carps is reduced, the overload pressure of the aquaculture pond is reduced, the aquaculture water quality of the pond is improved, the growth performance of each aquaculture variety is effectively released, the harvesting specification of the aquaculture grass carps is changed from the traditional 6-7 jin/tailed mode to the current 8 jin/tailed mode, and the specifications of the grass carps are relatively uniform.
3. The interference of wild fishes and other conditions can not be avoided in the whole breeding process, after the intercropping of the eels, the wild fishes are ingested and utilized by the fierce eels, so that the wild fishes are removed, the pond breeding environment is improved, the artificial feed is saved, and the feed feeding cost is reduced.
4. By means of the culture method for polyculturing grass carp and eel, the risk of disease incidence of grass carp is reduced, and the culture survival rate of grass carp is improved to over 90% from the traditional 60-80%. In addition, the eels can completely adapt to the culture environment in the grass carp culture pond, the growth of the eels is not influenced, and the culture recapture rate can reach more than 98 percent.
5. After the eel is intercropped in the grass carp culture pond, the acre benefit is doubled compared with the traditional benefit. The culture area of the grass carps in the Chongming area in Shanghai city is huge, if the grass carps are popularized and cultured for 1 ten thousand mu, the economic income is directly increased by 3000 yuan according to the increment of each mu, the economic benefit is huge, and the culture risk is small.
6. The invention has simple and convenient operation and is easy to be accepted and popularized by people.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1:
the invention relates to a method for intercropping eel in a grass carp main culture pond, which comprises 5 production steps of pond preparation, fingerling stocking, bait feeding, daily management and harvesting, and comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a pond: select the pond that water retention nature is good, the bottom of the pool is flat, silt is few and advance the drainage convenience to 2 ~ 2.5m of pond depth, water level 2.0 ~ 2.2m, area 8 ~ 10 mu are good, and every 4 ~ 5 mu pond area is equipped with 1 1.5 kw's oxygen-increasing machine, and the double-deck 60 mesh sieve silk pocket of water inlet cover filters, and the net is prevented escaping by two times is established to the outlet: the first path is a 20-mesh arc purse seine, and the second path is a 30-mesh brake net to prevent fish seeds from escaping. Before the pond is used, the pond needs to be trimmed and cleaned for disinfection. And (3) reserving 30cm of water at the bottom of the pool, soaking and disinfecting the pool by using bleaching powder of 10-20 kg/mu for 48 hours, completely draining the pool, and exposing the pool for later use, or disinfecting the pool by using quick lime of 150-200 kg/mu in a dry method. The quicklime can be uniformly dug at the bottom of the pool, and after being dissolved by water, the quicklime is uniformly splashed to the whole pool bottom and pool slope when the quicklime is hot, and the bleaching powder is also uniformly splashed after being completely dissolved by water. No matter what kind of medicine is used for disinfection, the principle of 'less use on the beach, more use in the puddle, less use in shallow water and more use in deep water' needs to be mastered.
2) Breeding fish seeds: the 12 months of each year-3 months of the next year are the stocking time of the conventional fish species, the water temperature is low in the period, and the stocking survival rate is high. Selecting fish seeds with no deformity, regular specification, smooth body surface and strong mobility according to standard requirements for stocking, and disinfecting the purchased fish seeds before being put into a pond, wherein the fish seeds can be soaked in 8-12 per mill of salt solution for 20-30 minutes. The grass carp is bred by 1-2 jin/tail with 200-250 tails/mu; the silver carp is bred by 0.3-0.5 jin/tail at a rate of 50-60 tails/mu; the spotted silver carp is bred by 0.3-0.5 jin/tail with the size of 80-100 tails/mu; the carassius auratus gibelio is bred by 400 tails per mu in a breeding mode of 6-7 tails per jin. 4. Stocking eel seeds in 5 months with water temperature above 15 ℃, stocking 50 fish seeds per mu, and stocking the specification of 1.0-1.2 jin/tail. During stocking, the eel is soaked in salt water for disinfection and then is put into a net cage in a pond, and then the net cage is filled with water to form water flow, so that the top water of the eel can swim out automatically until all the top water swims out.
3) Feeding baits: the water temperature is low in the early stage of stocking, and some sinking hard particles are fed in a proper amount in sunny days for fish species to eat, so that the fish can become familiar and adapt to the environment of an ingestion area as soon as possible. With the gradual rise of the water temperature, the normal feeding is started in 4 months every year, the feeding is carried out 2 times every day, the feeding is carried out once in the morning and afternoon, and the feeding time is controlled within 2 hours each time. The grass carp bait is expanded pellet feed with the protein content of 28%, and the carassius auratus gibelio bait is sinking hard pellet feed with the protein content of 28-30%. Feeding 3 times every day in 7 months, feeding once in the morning, noon and afternoon, and feeding 2 times in the recovery days in 11 months. Conditional need for additional feeding of fresh green forage throughout the breeding season. In general, the bait feeding rate of the grass carp expanded pellet feed is as follows: 1.0% -1.5% in months 4-5; 1.5% -2.0% in months of 6-7; 2.0% -3.0% in 8-9 months; the 10-12 months are 1.0% -1.5%. The feeding rate of the carassius auratus gibelio is as follows: the month of 4-5 is 0.5% -1.0%; 1.0% -2.0% in months 6-9; the 10-12 months are 1.0% -1.5%. The powdery compound feed for eel with protein content of 45 percent is prepared by feeding eel with the powdery compound feed and water in a weight ratio of 1: 1, stirring in a stirrer, pouring out after bonding and forming, cutting into blocks with proper size, manually shaping into a smooth edge and flat dough, and then putting into a feeding frame. The feeding frame can be made into a similar iron fence frame (length multiplied by width multiplied by height is 200cm multiplied by 100cm multiplied by 50cm) by round stainless steel or steel bars, the distance between the fence frames is 10cm, the processed feeding frame is fixed on the water surface, the water is 30cm above the water and 20cm above the water, a 2-inch water pump is arranged, the water pump is started to flush the horizontal plane of the feeding frame before feeding, the water outlet is 1-2m away from the feeding frame, and eel needs water flow stimulation when eating. Feeding 1 time every afternoon, and controlling eel feeding time within 1 hour. It is recommended that the eel feeding frame is arranged opposite to the grass carp feeding area.
4) Daily management: the bait feeding needs to be fixed in time, fixed in quality and fixed in quantity at fixed points, the ingestion condition needs to be checked after each feeding, 1-2 material tables are needed to be placed on the sinking material to facilitate the checking, and the next feeding amount is adjusted in time according to the weather and the ingestion condition. The pond is patrolled 2 times in the morning and at night every day, the fish dynamics is carefully observed, the fish floating head signs are found in time, and the occurrence of the floating head pond-overtopping event is strictly prevented. And meanwhile, the water color change is observed, measures for improving the water quality are taken in time, and if the water is difficult to change, quicklime water is splashed in the whole pool to adjust the water quality, and the quicklime water is used by 30-50 jin per mu. The cleaning and sanitation work of the fishpond is well done, and a pond card recording system is established, so that statistics and tracing are convenient.
5) Catching and harvesting: and (3) pulling a net to catch grass carp, spotted silver carp and allogynogenetic crucian carp at the end of the year according to market demand and selling price, and if the eel is caught and sold or is moved into an indoor temporary culture pond for temporary culture, after the conventional fish catching is finished, draining and catching the remaining eel, or reserving 10cm of water at the bottom of the pond, and catching and taking along as required.
During harvesting, the grass carp is over 8 jin/tail, the survival rate is over 90 percent, and 1600-1800 jin; the silver carp is 3-4 jin/tail, the spotted silver carp is 4-5 jin/tail, the survival rate is more than 95%, and the yield of the spotted silver carp per mu is 500-600 jin; the carassius auratus gibelio specification is 0.6-0.8 jin/tail, the survival rate is more than 90%, and the yield per mu is 200-260 jin; the specification of the eels reaches 1.45-1.63 jin/tail, the recapture rate is more than 98%, and the yield of the eels is 70-80 jin per mu.
Example 2:
by adopting the method, 14 of the aquaculture professional cooperative society of Shanghai Rui bowl in Chongming district of Shanghai city in 2020#Intercropping the pond, wherein the area of the pond is 8 mu, and breeding 1760 grass carps in 2 months and 24-27 days, wherein the specification is 1.60 jin/tail; breeding 450 silver carps with the specification of 0.34 jin/tail; 750 spotted silver carps are released and bred, and the specification is 0.39 jin/tail; 3200 tails of carassius auratus gibelio are bred in a stocking way, and the specification is 0.15 jin/tail. Eel 400 tails are bred in 27 days after 4 months, and the specification is 1.2 jin/tail. The grass carps are cultured to the end of the year, and are sequentially caught from 12 months to 3 days, and the catching is finished from 1 month to 20 days in the next year, the average catching specification of the grass carps is 8.3 jin/tail, the survival rate is 92%, and the yield per mu is 1680 jin; the average fishing specification of the silver carps is 3.3 jin/tail, the survival rate is 95 percent, and the yield per mu is 176 jin; the average fishing specification of the spotted silver carps is 4.6 jin/tail, the survival rate is 96 percent, and the yield per mu is 414 jin; the average fishing specification of the carassius auratus gibelio is 0.71 jin/tail, the survival rate is 92 percent, and the yield per mu is 260 jin; the average fishing specification of eels is 1.48 jin/tail, the fishing rate is 98 percent, and the yield per mu is 72.5 jin. The grass carp is over 8 jin/tail, the selling price can reach 7 yuan/jin, and the yield per mu of the grass carp is 11760 yuan; the yield per mu of silver carps is 720 yuan; the yield of spotted silver carps per mu is 2600 yuan; the acre yield value of the carassius auratus gibelio is 1500 yuan; the eel yield per mu is 7250 yuan, the total yield per mu is 23830 yuan, the cost per mu is 18210 yuan, the profit per mu is 5620 yuan, the profit per mu is 3000 yuan higher than that of 2500-2800 yuan of the traditional grass carp culture method, the eel yield per mu is doubled, and the culture risk is small.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited thereto, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the scope of the appended claims is to be accorded the full range of equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. A method for intercropping eels in a grass carp main culture pond is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A) preparing a pond: selecting a pond with good water retention, flat bottom, less sludge and convenient water feeding and discharging, wherein the depth of the pond is 2-2.5 m, the water level is 2.0-2.2 m, the area is 8-10 mu, 1 aerator with 1.5kw is arranged in every 4-5 mu of pond area, a double-layer 60-mesh sieve silk mesh bag is sleeved at a water inlet for filtering, and two escape-proof nets are arranged at a water outlet; before the pond is used, the pond needs to be trimmed and cleaned for disinfection;
B) breeding fish seeds: selecting and breeding the conventional fingerlings with no deformity, regular specification, smooth body surface and strong mobility in 12 to 3 months of the next year, and soaking the outsourced fingerlings in 8-12 per mill of salt solution for 20-30 minutes before being put into a pond for disinfection; the grass carp is bred by 1-2 jin/tail with 200-250 tails/mu; the silver carp is bred by 0.3-0.5 jin/tail at a rate of 50-60 tails/mu; the spotted silver carp is bred by 0.3-0.5 jin/tail with the size of 80-100 tails/mu; the carassius auratus gibelio is bred by 400 fish/mu in a breeding mode of 6-7 fish/jin; 4. purchasing eel seeds for stocking according to the requirements of quality and specification when the water temperature is more than 15 ℃ in 5 months, stocking 50 eel seeds per mu; the quality requirement is as follows: healthy and disease-free, smooth and harmless body surface and strong vitality; the specification requirement is as follows: the weight of the feed is 1.0-1.2 jin/tailed; the stocking requirement is as follows: soaking and disinfecting the eel in 1-2% saline solution for 20-30 minutes when the eel is put into a pond, then fishing out the eel and putting the eel into a prepared net cage in the culture pond, flushing the water level of a water pump opposite to the net cage, and enabling the top water of the eel to automatically swim out of the net cage and enter the culture pond;
C) feeding baits: feeding normally in 4 months every year, wherein the feeding is carried out 2 times every day, the feeding is carried out once in the morning and afternoon, and the feeding time is controlled within 2 hours each time; the grass carp bait is expanded pellet feed with the protein content of 28%, and the carassius auratus gibelio bait is sinking hard pellet feed with the protein content of 28-30%; feeding 3 times every day in 7 months, feeding once in the morning, noon and afternoon, and feeding 2 times in the recovery day in 11 months; conditionally requiring an additional feeding of fresh green forage throughout the breeding season; the bait feeding rate of the grass carp puffed pellet feed is as follows: 1.0% -1.5% in months 4-5; 1.5% -2.0% in months of 6-7; 2.0% -3.0% in 8-9 months; the 10-12 months are 1.0% -1.5%. The feeding rate of the carassius auratus gibelio is as follows: the month of 4-5 is 0.5% -1.0%; 1.0% -2.0% in months 6-9; 1.0% -1.5% in 10-12 months; the powdery compound feed for eel with protein content of 45 percent is prepared by feeding eel with the powdery compound feed and water in a weight ratio of 1: 1, stirring the materials in a stirrer, pouring out the materials after bonding and forming, cutting the materials into blocks with proper size, manually shaping the blocks into a smooth edge and flat dough, and putting the blocks into a feeding frame; the feeding frame is an iron fence frame processed by round stainless steel or steel bars, the length is multiplied by the width, and the height is multiplied by 200cm, multiplied by 100cm, multiplied by 50cm, the distance between fences is 10cm, the processed feeding frame is fixed on the water surface, the water is 30cm above the water and 20cm above the water, a 2-inch water pump is arranged, the water pump is started to flush the horizontal plane of the feeding frame before feeding, and the water outlet is 1-2m away from the feeding frame; feeding 1 time every afternoon, and controlling the eel feeding time within 1 hour; arranging an eel feeding frame opposite to a grass carp feeding area;
D) daily management: the bait feeding needs fixed-point timing quality fixing and quantifying, the ingestion condition needs to be checked after each feeding, 1-2 material tables are needed for the sinking material to facilitate the checking, and the next feeding amount is adjusted in time according to the weather and the ingestion condition; insisting on the pond patrol 2 times in the morning and at night every day, carefully observing the fish dynamics, finding out fish floating head signs in time and strictly preventing floating head overtopping accidents from happening; meanwhile, the water color change is observed, measures for improving the water quality are taken in time, if the water is difficult to change, the water quality is adjusted by sprinkling quicklime water in the whole pool, and the weight of each mu is 30-50 jin; cleaning and sanitation disinfection work of the fishpond is well done, a pond card recording system is established, and statistics and tracing are convenient;
E) catching and harvesting: and (4) pulling the net to catch grass carp, spotted silver carp and allogynogenetic crucian carp at the end of the year according to market demand and selling price, if the eel is caught to be sold or is moved to an indoor temporary culture pond to be temporarily cultured, after the conventional fish catching is finished, draining and catching the remaining eel, or reserving 10cm of water at the bottom of the pond, and catching and taking along as required.
2. The method for intercropping eels in a grass carp main culture pond according to claim 1, wherein the two escape-preventing nets in step A: the first path is a 20-mesh arc purse seine, and the second path is a 30-mesh brake net to prevent fish seeds from escaping.
3. The method for culturing eels by intercropping grass carp main culture ponds according to claim 1, wherein the pond cleaning and disinfection in the step A are as follows: reserving 30cm of water at the bottom of the pool, soaking and disinfecting the pool with 10-20 kg/mu of bleaching powder for 48 hours, and then thoroughly draining and exposing the pool to the sun for later use; or sterilizing the mixture by using a dry method with 150-200 kg/mu of quicklime.
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