CN116508589A - Three-dimensional branch of row of dragon fruit for bird's nest and pole frame system of protection - Google Patents
Three-dimensional branch of row of dragon fruit for bird's nest and pole frame system of protection Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional branch-removing and protecting rod frame system for bird's nest and dragon fruits, which comprises a plurality of upright rods arranged in rows, wherein branch-removing cross arm groups are arranged on the upright rods; the branch arranging cross arm group comprises an upper fork cross arm, a middle cross arm and a lower fork cross arm which are arranged in parallel, and are spaced at a certain distance; a plurality of groups of parallel bracket wires with different heights are erected between the branch-removing cross arm groups; the upper part of the vertical rod is also provided with a top cross arm, and a group of parallel bottom supporting wires are arranged between the top cross arms; a jacking line is arranged between the top of the vertical rod and the cap; the upper part of the transparent waterproof cloth is connected with the jacking lines, the bottom is respectively connected with the jacking lines on two sides, and the transparent waterproof cloth is unfolded above the upright rods by the jacking lines; the top of the vertical rod is also provided with a mounting seat, and a spray head is arranged on the mounting seat. The invention can provide support for three-dimensional branch removal of the bird's nest and dragon fruits, provide protection against rain and temperature reduction, and is beneficial to improving the fruit quality and yield of the bird's nest and dragon fruits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of dragon fruit orchards, and relates to a rod frame system for three-dimensional branch removal and protection of bird's nest dragon fruits.
Background
The bird's nest dragon fruit is also called kylin fruit, is a yellow skin white meat dragon fruit with thorns, is originally produced in the central america, and is rich in anthocyanin and water-soluble dietary fibers which are less in common plants. Compared with the common red Pi Bairou dragon fruit, the biggest disadvantage of the variety is that the growth speed is slow, the yield is low, the flowers and fruits in 1 year after the conventional garden building are carried out, and the per mu yield is 1000-1500 kg, which is only 12.5% of the per mu yield of the red Pi Bairou dragon fruit. However, the bird's nest and dragon fruit has excellent quality, high nutritive value and high price (about 60 yuan per kilogram of the place of production), so the bird's nest and dragon fruit has good economic value and extremely strong market competitiveness.
However, all growers in the current market mostly use 150-250 g of small bird's nest, dragon fruit and individual fruits with low air temperature in winter only can reach 250-350 g, and 300-350 g of single fruits can not exceed 30%; therefore, the fruits of the bird's nest dragon fruits are affected, the fruit optimizing rate is low, and the per mu yield economic benefit is to be improved.
At present, the planting technology of the bird's nest dragon fruit is mainly used for planting the red Pi Bairou dragon fruit, the tree form is mainly a vertical single layer, the parallel shelf (total height is 2 m), branches are sagged, the bird's nest dragon fruit is almost connected with the ground, and the branches are stacked in a whole sagged overlapping mode. The planting technology of the red Pi Bairou dragon fruit is based on the characteristics of large yield and high growth speed, however, the growth speed of the bird's nest dragon fruit is low and the yield is extremely low, so the current bird's nest dragon fruit tree shape has the following defects:
1) The branches drop close to the ridge surface, are almost not ventilated at all, and result in low yield and poor quality, which is one of the causes of ulcers (the first cause of the most serious ulcers of dragon fruits is poor ventilation, high temperature and high humidity); 2) The branches are stacked in a multi-layer accumulation and staggered way for many years, and the branches cannot be operated manually due to the fact that the leaves are fully covered with hard thorns, so that the branches are difficult to update; 3) The plant diseases and insect pests are convenient to conceal and easy to cross spread, pesticides can hardly be sprayed into the interior, the labor and the cost are wasted, the plant protection management difficulty is high, and the yield and the quality of fruits are seriously affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problem of providing a rod frame system for three-dimensional branch removal and protection of bird's nest and dragon fruits, which can provide support for three-dimensional branch removal of bird's nest and dragon fruits, provide protection against rain and temperature reduction and is beneficial to improving the quality and yield of the bird's nest and dragon fruits.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a three-dimensional branch-removing and protecting rod frame system for bird's nest and dragon fruit comprises a plurality of upright rods arranged in rows, and branch-removing cross arm groups are arranged on the upright rods; the branch arranging cross arm group comprises an upper fork cross arm, a middle cross arm and a lower fork cross arm which are arranged in parallel, and are spaced at a certain distance; a plurality of groups of parallel bracket wires with different heights are erected between the branch-removing cross arm groups;
the upper part of the vertical rod is also provided with a top cross arm, and a group of parallel bottom supporting wires are arranged between the top cross arms; a jacking line is arranged between the top of the vertical rod and the cap; the upper part of the transparent waterproof cloth is connected with the jacking lines, the bottom is respectively connected with the jacking lines on two sides, and the transparent waterproof cloth is unfolded above the upright rods by the jacking lines;
the top of the vertical rod is also provided with a mounting seat, the mounting seat is provided with a spray head, the spray head is connected with a high-pressure water supply pipeline, and the high-pressure water supply pipeline is fixed on the vertical rod and connected with a pump station unit.
The branch removing cross arm group comprises a lower fork cross arm, a middle cross arm and an upper fork cross arm which are uniformly distributed at intervals from bottom to top, wherein the lengths of the lower fork cross arm and the upper fork cross arm are both longer than the length of the middle cross arm;
the left side and the right side of the upper fork cross arm, the middle cross arm and the lower fork cross arm are respectively provided with a via hole for a bracket wire to pass through;
the bracket wires erected on the two sides of the middle cross arm are attached with binding bands for fixing the trunks of the bird's nest and the dragon fruits; a binding belt for fixing the fruiting branch of the downward bracket which germinates from the main trunk is attached to the lower fork bracket wires erected on two sides of the lower fork cross arm; the upper fork bracket wires erected on the two sides of the upper fork cross arm are attached with binding bands for fixing the fruiting branches of the upper bracket which germinate from the main trunk.
The centers of the lower fork cross arm, the middle cross arm and the upper fork cross arm are fixedly connected with the vertical rod, and the interval between the lower fork cross arm and the middle cross arm and the length of the bracket line passing through meet the following requirements:
the angle between the branches of the upper bracket of the lower fork bracket line and the ground is 75-85 degrees, and the angle between the branches of the upper bracket of the upper fork bracket line and the ground is 95-105 degrees.
In the upright posts arranged in rows, the arranged branch arranging cross arm groups can be at different heights; setting up the supporting wires parallel to the ground between the branch-removing cross arm groups at the same height, wherein the supporting wires set up on a row of upright posts can be at different heights;
wherein, the same upright rod can be provided with a plurality of branch-removing cross arm groups which are respectively positioned at different heights; or only one branch-removing cross arm group is arranged on the same upright rod, and the branch-removing cross arm groups of which one row of upright rods are provided with a plurality of upright rods are positioned at the same height.
The row of upright posts at least comprises two high branch-removing cross arm groups; wherein, the branch-removing cross arm group with one height is arranged at the position of 110-130cm of the ground, and the bracket line erected by the branch-removing cross arm group is used for supporting the lower layer fruit branches; the branch-removing cross arm group with one height is arranged at the position of 230-250cm above the ground, and the bracket line erected by the branch-removing cross arm group is used for supporting upper layer fruiting branches.
The lengths of the lower fork cross arm, the middle cross arm and the upper fork cross arm in the branch removing cross arm group are respectively 50-70 cm, 15-25 cm and 90-110 cm, and the distance between the lower fork cross arm, the middle cross arm and the upper fork cross arm in the vertical direction is 8-15 cm
The vertical rod is a cement vertical column, the cement vertical column is buried underground, and concrete is poured at the bottom of the cement vertical column;
the supporting wire is a steel strand, penetrates through the branch-removing cross arm group or the top cross arm, and two ends are anchored and fixed through the ground anchors respectively.
The lengths of the lower fork cross arm, the middle cross arm and the upper fork cross arm in the branch removing cross arm group are respectively 60cm, 20cm and 100cm, and the vertical direction is 10cm apart from each other.
The depth of the cement upright post buried underground is 50cm, and the longitudinal and transverse distances are 4m 5m; coarse cement columns are used for the head part and the tail part of the row, the row spacing of the coarse cement columns is 10 meters, and the middle 1:1 adding a fine cement column;
after the cement upright post is planted, horizontal, vertical and oblique alignment is required, and the deviation error is controlled within 3 cm;
the row head column and the side column are inclined outwards by 15 degrees and form an included angle of 75 degrees with the ground, the two side rods are provided with independent anchors, and the top transverse pulling steel strand is reinforced.
Transverse steel strands are also erected between the cement upright posts, and each row is provided with 1 transverse steel strand;
wherein, the side horizontal line draws thick line, and the middle horizontal line draws fine line.
Still further, erect 15 steel strand wires altogether between every drainage mud stand:
one lower fork cross arm, one middle cross arm and one upper fork cross arm in the branch cross arm group with the first height are respectively erected on two sides, the number of the lower fork cross arm, the middle cross arm and the upper fork cross arm is 6, and the steel strands are 110-130cm higher than the ground;
one lower fork cross arm, one middle cross arm and one upper fork cross arm in the branch cross arm group with the second height are respectively erected on two sides, and the number of the lower fork cross arm, the middle cross arm and the upper fork cross arm is 6, and the steel strands are 230-250cm higher than the ground;
the top cross arm is arranged at a position 320cm higher than the ground, and the length of the cross arm is 180cm; 2 steel strands are erected from the top to descend by 30cm so as to install the bottom supporting wires of the waterproof cloth, wherein the number of the bottom supporting wires is 2;
the top of the cement upright post is provided with a post cap, 1 steel strand is arranged, and a jacking line of the waterproof cloth is arranged, wherein the number of the jacking line is 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a three-dimensional branch removing and protecting rod frame system for bird's nest dragon fruits, which can realize three-dimensional branch removing of bird's nest dragon fruit branches, wherein an upper fork cross arm, a middle cross arm and a lower fork cross arm of a branch removing cross arm group can realize single-layer branch cutting distribution of branches, wherein the middle cross arm is used for fixing a trunk, a lower fork cross arm bracket is used for supporting lower branches, the upper branches of the upper fork cross arm bracket can be placed in a branch way, enough space is reserved between the branches which are separated, and ventilation and light transmission are good; moreover, because enough space is reserved, the labor work is convenient, the construction regulations are clear, and the updating of branches is convenient;
according to the three-dimensional branch-removing and protecting rod frame system for the bird's nest and dragon fruits, the growth space of the branches is extended towards three dimensions, the utilization of longitudinal space is increased, the technical prejudice of single-layer culture of the existing bird's nest and dragon fruit branches is broken, and therefore the increase of the density of the branches is facilitated; the increase of the density of the branches can properly widen the distance between the branches, more optimize ventilation and light transmission, and ensure high yield and excellent quality of the bird's nest dragon fruit;
the invention provides a three-dimensional branch-removing and protecting rod frame system for bird's nest and dragon fruits, wherein at least two high cross arms and bracket lines are arranged on the same row of upright rods, and the adjacent upright rods adopt a mode that the two high bracket lines are distributed in a staggered manner, so that the full utilization of space wind and light is further ensured; and because of the symmetrical arrangement of the cross arms, one row of upright rods can be used for two rows of fruit trees, so that the space utilization of the whole orchard, reasonable branch density, full space for the development of high-quality bird's nest and dragon fruit fruits, full utilization of bracket wires (steel stranded wires) and bracket rods can be realized, and the cost is saved.
The rod frame system for three-dimensional branch arrangement and protection of the bird's nest and dragon fruit is suitable for establishing a three-dimensional, double-layer and double-row planting bird's nest and dragon fruit garden, is convenient for the management of branches, reserves enough space for the whole bird's nest and dragon fruit garden, is convenient for ventilation and management, is not easy to store diseases and insect pests, is convenient for spraying, is easy for disease and insect pest control and has low cost; the produced bird's nest dragon fruit has good quality, high yield and low average cost; the invention is suitable for establishing high-quality, mechanized and automatically controlled bird nest dragon fruit orchards, and can further improve the fruit quality and yield of bird nest dragon fruits and the economic benefit of the bird nest dragon fruit orchards;
the invention provides a three-dimensional branch-removing and protecting rod frame system for bird's nest and dragon fruits, and the provided protection comprises rain-proof and cooling protection, and provides full guarantee for producing high-quality bird's nest and dragon fruits:
because the bird's nest and dragon fruit are tropical fruits, the tropical planting areas are more abundant in rainwater generally; however, if too much rainwater causes peel cracking in the fruit expanding stage, the quality of the fruits is reduced, and the transparent waterproof cloth is erected on the top of the fruit expanding stage, so that the full irradiation of sunlight is ensured, the expanding area is large enough to avoid the damage of too much rainwater to the fruits, and the water demand in the growing process can be provided through irrigation and drip irrigation; therefore, the rainproof device not only fully guarantees the growth requirement of the bird's nest dragon fruit, but also avoids the damage of excessive rainwater to the fruit, and is favorable for providing high-quality bird's nest dragon fruit.
Because the bird's nest dragon fruit is tropical fruit, and the temperature is higher in most of the time in the tropical planting area, if the temperature is too high, the bird's nest dragon fruit is not long, only the temperature is low in winter, individual fruits can only reach 250-350 g, and 300-350 g single fruits can not exceed 30%; the artificial spray cooling is introduced into the planting of the bird's nest dragon fruit, and the artificial spray cooling is organically combined with a rod frame system: a spray head is arranged at the top of the vertical rod and is connected with a high-pressure water supply pipeline; the water mist is sprayed out by pressure, so that a water mist layer can be formed at a position 4-6 m away from the ground;
the water mist layer can reduce the air temperature at a high place after being formed, and the air temperature is wet-cold low pressure compared with the ground, so that the micro-circulation of high-low air pressure convection can be formed at part of the orchard, and the disturbance of the high air temperature of the orchard is also achieved, thereby realizing the cooling of the orchard with lower cost and being beneficial to providing high-quality bird's nest dragon fruits; meanwhile, due to the arrangement of the waterproof cloth, the fruits cannot be affected by the water mist sprayed by the spray head.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a pole and bracket line of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a waterproof cloth and a spray head of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the cross arm structure of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the height distribution of the pole frame of the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is the pole setting, 2 is the lower fork cross arm, 3 is the middle cross arm, 4 is the upper fork cross arm, 5 is the top cross arm, 6 is the area cap, 7 is the steel strand wires, 8 is rain-proof cloth, 9 is the atomising head, 10 is the light filling lamp.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below in connection with examples, which are intended to be illustrative rather than limiting.
The existing bird nest dragon fruit planting is narrow-row and single-layer, close planting cultivation and branch sagging:
firstly, the single-layer cultivation yield is low, and the land is wasted in the plane cultivation;
secondly, the branches are almost connected with the ground, the ventilation is seriously blocked, and the yield and the quality are completely affected;
the double-layer three-dimensional bracket and the protective device for the bird's nest and the dragon fruit can fully utilize space and wind and light, and are suitable for establishing three-dimensional, double-layer and double-row planting bird's nest and dragon fruit orchards; the protection of rain prevention and temperature reduction is provided, the method is suitable for establishing a high-quality, mechanized and automatically-controlled bird nest dragon orchard, and the fruit quality and yield of bird nest dragon fruits can be improved.
Referring to fig. 1-4, a pole frame system for three-dimensional branch removal and protection of bird's nest dragon fruit comprises a plurality of poles 1 arranged in rows, wherein branch removal cross arm groups are arranged on the poles 1; the branch removing cross arm group comprises an upper fork cross arm 4, a middle cross arm 3 and a lower fork cross arm 2 which are arranged in parallel, and are spaced at a certain distance; a plurality of groups of parallel bracket wires with different heights are erected between the branch-removing cross arm groups; the bracket wire generally adopts a steel strand 7;
the upper part of the vertical rod is also provided with a top cross arm 5, and a group of parallel bottom supporting wires are arranged between the top cross arms 5; a jacking line is arranged between the top of the vertical rod and the cap; the upper part of the transparent waterproof cloth 8 is connected with the jacking lines, the bottom is respectively connected with the jacking lines on the two sides, and the transparent waterproof cloth is stretched above the upright rods by the jacking lines;
the top of the vertical rod is also provided with a mounting seat, the mounting seat is provided with a spray head, the spray head is connected with a high-pressure water supply pipeline, and the high-pressure water supply pipeline is fixed on the vertical rod and connected with a pump station unit; the water mist sprayed by the spray head can form a water mist layer for cooling at a position 4-6 m away from the ground.
Further, the branch removing cross arm group comprises a lower fork cross arm, a middle cross arm and an upper fork cross arm which are uniformly distributed at intervals from bottom to top, wherein the lengths of the lower fork cross arm and the upper fork cross arm are both larger than the length of the middle cross arm;
the left side and the right side of the upper fork cross arm, the middle cross arm and the lower fork cross arm are respectively provided with a via hole for a bracket wire to pass through;
the bracket wires erected on the two sides of the middle cross arm are attached with binding bands for fixing the trunks of the bird's nest and the dragon fruits; a binding belt for fixing the fruiting branch of the downward bracket which germinates from the main trunk is attached to the lower fork bracket wires erected on two sides of the lower fork cross arm; the upper fork bracket wires erected on the two sides of the upper fork cross arm are attached with binding bands for fixing the fruiting branches of the upper bracket which germinate from the main trunk.
When pruning, when the trunks grow to a certain height, binding and fixing the trunks, then placing germinated branches singly, binding and pulling the branches by leaving gaps on steel twisted wires with different heights, and forming the branches of the lower layer of branches and the upper layer of branches into required angles.
Furthermore, the centers of the lower fork cross arm, the middle cross arm and the upper fork cross arm are fixedly connected with the vertical rods, and the interval between the lower fork cross arm and the middle cross arm and the length of the bracket line passing through meet the following requirements:
the angle between the branches of the upper bracket of the lower fork bracket line and the ground is 75-85 degrees, and the angle between the branches of the upper bracket of the upper fork bracket line and the ground is 95-105 degrees.
The upper fork branches and the lower fork branches of the branch group are respectively supported on the supporting frame lines, and the heights of the supporting frames of the upper fork branches and the lower fork branches are different by 20cm to 30cm.
The advantages are that: the branch pruning angles of the lower layer of the fruit branches can be 75 degrees and 80 degrees and the branch pruning angles of the upper layer of the fruit branches can be 95 degrees, 100 degrees and 105 degrees;
the mode branches are provided with enough space, so that the mode branches are easy to update, work is good manually, and plant diseases and insect pests are not easy to store;
the second advantage is: the branches are forked for 100 degrees and 80 degrees, but not sagged, so that the nutrition terminal supply maximization of plants is met, and the fruits are easy to expand;
the third advantage is: the split fork branches are placed in a single layer, are clear in arrangement, good in management, good in ventilation and light transmission, convenient in manual work, high in yield, good in quality and low in cost.
In order to further realize space utilization, the three-dimensional branch-removing and protecting rod frame system for the bird's nest dragon fruits provided by the invention is based on single-layer bifurcation, and further considers that branches are distributed at different heights:
in the upright posts arranged in rows, the arranged branch arranging cross arm groups can be at different heights; setting up the supporting wires parallel to the ground between the branch-removing cross arm groups at the same height, wherein the supporting wires set up on a row of upright posts can be at different heights;
wherein, the same upright rod can be provided with a plurality of branch-removing cross arm groups which are respectively positioned at different heights; or only one branch-removing cross arm group is arranged on the same upright rod, and the branch-removing cross arm groups of which one row of upright rods are provided with a plurality of upright rods are positioned at the same height.
Further, one row of upright posts at least comprises two high branch-removing cross arm groups; wherein, the branch-removing cross arm group with one height is arranged at the position of 110-130cm of the ground, and the bracket line erected by the branch-removing cross arm group is used for supporting the lower layer fruit branches; the branch-removing cross arm group with one height is arranged at the position of 230-250cm above the ground, and the bracket line erected by the branch-removing cross arm group is used for supporting upper layer fruiting branches.
Specifically, the lengths of the lower fork cross arm, the middle cross arm and the upper fork cross arm in the branch removing cross arm group are respectively 50-70 cm, 15-25 cm and 90-110 cm, and the vertical direction intervals are 8-15 cm.
For example, the lengths of the lower fork cross arm, the middle cross arm and the upper fork cross arm in the branch arranging cross arm group are respectively 60cm, 20cm and 100cm, and the vertical distances are 10cm.
Multiple groups of parallel bracket lines with different heights are erected between the rod frames so as to be suitable for brackets of fruit branches with different heights of bird's nest and dragon fruit trees.
The space utilization, reasonable branch density, full space for the development of high-quality bird's nest dragon fruit fruits, and the further utilization of bracket wires (steel stranded wires) and bracket rods are realized, so that the cost is saved.
The rod frame system provided by the invention is suitable for bird's nest dragon fruit to adopt a double-row planting mode, can cultivate a plurality of fruit branches, reduces planting density, increases ventilation space, but increases the number of branches without reducing the density of the branches; and the double-row planting leaves sufficient space for the ridges, branches face the ridges, the arrangement is clear, the management is good, the ventilation and the light transmission are good, and the manual work is convenient.
Referring to fig. 4, a specific pole holder, guard embodiment is given below.
Example 1
1. Cement column installation
The upright posts are cement upright posts which are buried underground, and concrete is poured at the bottoms of the upright posts;
the supporting wire is a steel strand, penetrates through the branch-removing cross arm group or the top cross arm, and two ends are anchored and fixed through the ground anchors respectively.
The longitudinal and transverse distance of the cement columns is 4m 5m, the row head and the row tail are provided with coarse cement columns (model 9 x 9.5, cm), the row spacing of the coarse cement columns is 10 m, and the middle 1:1 adding a fine cement column (model 7 x 7, cm);
uniformly burying the cement upright posts into the ground for 50cm; pouring concrete at the bottom of the cement pole;
after the cement upright post is planted, horizontal, vertical and oblique alignment is required, and the deviation error is controlled within 3 cm;
the column heads and the side columns are inclined outwards by 15 degrees and form an included angle of 75 degrees with the ground, and the two side rods are reinforced by adding independent pull anchors (model 1.6 x 7, cm x m) and transverse pull (model 1.6 x 19, cm x m) steel strands at the top.
2. Ground anchor installation
Ground anchor pit: diameter 40cm and depth 200cm
The ground anchor rod: galvanized anchor rod length 240cm, roughness: 18mm, the end head of the anchor rod is provided with a screw and a thickened steel gasket is enlarged, the bottom end penetrates into the ground by 200cm, and the ground is left for 40cm;
bottom cement hanging hammer: 30cm thick, 30cm in top diameter, 38cm in bottom diameter, 25mm in middle hole, and small side facing upwards when in use;
the ground anchor is filled, water is poured for precipitation, and the surface of the water is compacted;
piling soil around the ground anchor: the height is 30cm, the width is 80-100 cm, and the surface is compacted.
3. Cross arm installation
Each cement column is provided with 7 upper and lower triangular iron cross arms, the specifications of the triangular iron models at the two sides are 63 x 6mm, and the specifications of the triangular iron models in the middle of the lines are 40 x 4mm;
the triangular iron cross arms are arranged up and down and are respectively 3+3+1;
the first group of cross arms are arranged at the position of 110-130cm of the ground, the three cross arms are distributed up and down, the distance between the three cross arms is 10cm, and the lengths of the three cross arms are respectively 100cm+20cm+60cm;
the second group of cross arms are arranged at the position of 230-250cm above the ground, are distributed up and down, have the interval of 10cm, and have the lengths of 100cm+20cm+60cm respectively;
the top cross arm is installed at the position of 320cm on the ground, and the length of the cross arm is 180cm.
4. Steel strand installation
Each row of 15 steel strands are vertically distributed, and 6+6+2+1 (the steel strands have the specification of 1.4cm x 7 m);
A. one lower fork cross arm, one middle cross arm and one upper fork cross arm in the branch cross arm group with the first height are respectively erected on two sides, the number of the lower fork cross arm, the middle cross arm and the upper fork cross arm is 6, and the steel strands are 110-130cm higher than the ground;
B. one lower fork cross arm, one middle cross arm and one upper fork cross arm in the branch cross arm group with the second height are respectively erected on two sides, and the number of the lower fork cross arm, the middle cross arm and the upper fork cross arm is 6, and the steel strands are 230-250cm higher than the ground;
C. the top cross arm is arranged at a position 320cm higher than the ground, and the length of the cross arm is 180cm; 2 steel strands are erected from the top to descend by 30cm so as to install the bottom supporting wires of the waterproof cloth, wherein the number of the bottom supporting wires is 2;
D. the top of the cement upright post is provided with a post cap, 1 steel strand is arranged, and a jacking line of the waterproof cloth is arranged, wherein the number of the jacking line is 1.
E. The transverse pull wires of each area are horizontally distributed at the top of the cement pole;
the transverse stay wires are transversely 1 in each row;
roughness of side-row transversal stay (model 1.6 x 19), roughness of middle-row transversal stay (model 1.6 x 7)
The quality standard of the transverse ground anchor is the same as that of the transverse ground anchor, and the installation method is consistent with that of the transverse ground anchor;
F. after all the steel strands are tensioned, the steel strands are not folded and loosened, 20 jin of weights are hung between the columns, and the sagging height is less than 5cm;
a turnbuckle screw is added at the joint of the steel strand and the ground anchor, M12 is used for a thin steel strand, and M20 is used for a thick steel strand;
the thin steel strand is fixed by two clamping heads (M5), and the thick steel strand is fixed by 3 clamping heads (M8).
Below are given examples of bird's nest and dragon fruit planting using the three-dimensional branch-removing and protecting rod frame system of the present invention.
Example 2
The garden building and installation of the rod frame system for three-dimensional branch removal and protection of bird's nest and dragon fruits comprises the following steps:
1) Leveling the land of the garden and burying necessary pipelines, wherein the pipelines comprise water pipes and wires;
dividing planting fields according to a plan with ridge bottom surface width of 100-150 cm and ridge top surface width of 50-80 cm and ridge space width of 3-4 m, and then burying a rod frame on the reserved ridge land;
erecting a plurality of groups of parallel bracket wires with different heights between the rod frames;
2) After leaving the travel head road, ridging according to planning, and adding organic fertilizer or soil organic matters into the ridges;
laying drip irrigation water pipes on the ridges and connecting the drip irrigation water pipes with the buried water pipes;
then, planting dragon fruit stocks in parallel in double rows at row spacing of 15-25 cm and plant spacing of 20-40 cm on the top surface of the ridge;
3) Grafting the bird's nest and dragon fruit scions after the dragon fruit stock grows to a certain height;
after the bird's nest dragon fruit scions grow to 90-100 cm in height, breeding a plurality of fruiting branches from branches germinated on the bird's nest dragon fruit scions, and supporting the fruiting branches on a bracket line; the height of the bracket is at least 60cm away from the top surface of the ridge;
after the branches are pulled or trimmed, the fruiting branches of the bracket on the bracket line are all oriented to the ridges.
Example 3
The bird's nest dragon fruit is planted by utilizing the three-dimensional branch removing and protecting rod frame system:
longitudinal double-layer wide-row spacing double-row planting is adopted:
double-row planting: row spacing is 20cm, plant spacing is 20cm, and each mu of plants is 1667 plants;
longitudinal double layer: each row is provided with two high branch-removing cross arms, and the main stems 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and other odd numbers of the bird's nest dragon fruit tree seedlings all germinate a V-shaped lower layer fruiting branch group; even numbers of the main sapling stems 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and the like germinate an upper V-shaped fruiting branch group; the height difference of the brackets of the lower fruiting branch group and the upper fruiting branch group is 100-120 cm.
Wide row spacing: the width between the two rows is 4m wide, and the row length per mu is 166.75 m;
10-12 branches of each plant, 16670-20000 branches of each mu, sufficient branches,
the planting advantages are as follows:
the method has the advantages that 4m wide rows are ventilated and transparent, and the yield is high and the quality is good;
the method has the advantages that the 4m wide row is convenient for large-scale mechanized work, the pesticide spraying speed is high, the pesticide spraying is uniform, and the pest control capability is strong;
the third advantage is: picking and transporting are mechanized, the speed is high, and the cost is low;
the invention provides a three-dimensional branch-removing and protecting rod frame system for bird's nest and dragon fruits, and the provided protection comprises rain-proof and cooling protection, and provides full guarantee for producing high-quality bird's nest and dragon fruits:
example 4
The invention provides rainproof and cooling protection:
as shown in fig. 2, the transparent waterproof cloth is erected on the top of the solar water heater, so that the full irradiation of sunlight is ensured, the unfolding area is large enough to avoid the damage of excessive rainwater to fruits, and the water demand in the growth process can be provided by irrigation and drip irrigation;
specifically, 2 steel strands are arranged on the top cross arm, and a bottom supporting wire of the waterproof cloth is arranged
The top is provided with a column cap, 1 steel strand is arranged, and a jacking line of the waterproof cloth is arranged;
the upper part of the transparent waterproof cloth is connected with the jacking lines, the bottom is respectively connected with the jacking lines on two sides, and the transparent waterproof cloth is unfolded above the upright rods by the jacking lines;
the moisture demand is provided by drip irrigation, drip irrigation waterway distribution:
the pipeline adopts a high-pressure PE pipe, a main pipeline 110 x, a branch pipeline 75 x, and the capillary adopts a Torphy 1.0 x 30 x 2.0 liter pressure compensation pipe of israel; the main pipe is 10 kg, the branch pipe is 6 kg, and the field is 2.6 to 3 kg. Its water channel has the advantages of uniform water outlet, high pressure resistance and durable use.
Therefore, the rainproof device not only fully guarantees the growth requirement of the bird's nest dragon fruit, but also avoids the damage of excessive rainwater to the fruit, and is favorable for providing high-quality bird's nest dragon fruit.
Furthermore, light supplementing lamps are erected at the tops of the two rows of vertical rods, so that when light supplementing is needed, the light supplementing lamps are used for supplementing light to surrounding bird's nest and dragon fruits.
In the existing bird nest and dragon fruit plantation, when the temperature of an orchard is high, a lightproof sunshade or sunshade cloth is generally built on a fruit tree; the actual cooling effect is limited; and the awning or the awning cloth also need different disassembly, which is time-consuming and labor-consuming and has poor effect.
The artificial spray cooling is based on the principle of double flow of aerosol and evaporation heat absorption, and the cooling terminal diffuses mist particles with particle diameters of 1-10 micrometers to a cooling area, and continuously evaporates in the diffusion process and absorbs a large amount of heat energy in the area; when the air temperature reaches above 35 ℃, the air temperature can be reduced to 25 ℃ under the action of the spray cooling system.
As shown in fig. 2, the artificial spray cooling is introduced into the planting of the bird's nest dragon fruit, and the artificial spray cooling and the rod frame system are organically combined: a spray head is arranged at the top of the vertical rod and is connected with a high-pressure water supply pipeline;
the high-pressure water can be supplied by a pump station unit, one or more orchards can be provided, and then the orchards are connected to the high-pressure water supply pipelines at the upright posts through pipelines, and then the high-pressure water supply pipelines are used for supplying spray heads at the top;
specifically, the pump station unit adopts a high-pressure ceramic plunger pump to generate high-pressure water of 7Mpa, and the pressure sensor and the frequency converter are utilized to automatically regulate the pressure of the pump station.
The spray head can be a copper or stainless steel micro-fog nozzle, and the aperture can be selected: 0.1524mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm; spraying amount is 3-4 kg/h (P=7Mpa); the water mist sprayed by the spray head can form a water mist layer for cooling at a position 4-6 m away from the ground.
The water mist layer can reduce the air temperature at a high place after being formed, and the air temperature is wet-cold low pressure compared with the ground, so that the micro-circulation of high-low air pressure convection can be formed at part of the orchard, and the disturbance of the high air temperature of the orchard is also achieved, thereby realizing the cooling of the orchard with lower cost and being beneficial to providing high-quality bird's nest dragon fruits; meanwhile, due to the arrangement of the waterproof cloth, the fruits cannot be affected by the water mist sprayed by the spray head.
Therefore, the rod frame system for three-dimensional branch removal and protection of the bird's nest and dragon fruits can provide support for three-dimensional branch removal of the bird's nest and dragon fruits, provide protection against rain and temperature reduction, and contribute to improvement of fruit quality and yield of the bird's nest and dragon fruits.
The embodiments given above are preferred examples for realizing the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Any immaterial additions and substitutions made by those skilled in the art according to the technical features of the technical scheme of the invention are all within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The rod frame system for three-dimensional branch removal and protection of bird's nest and dragon fruits is characterized by comprising a plurality of upright rods arranged in a row, wherein branch removal cross arm groups are arranged on the upright rods; the branch arranging cross arm group comprises an upper fork cross arm, a middle cross arm and a lower fork cross arm which are arranged in parallel, and are spaced at a certain distance; a plurality of groups of parallel bracket wires with different heights are erected between the branch-removing cross arm groups;
the upper part of the vertical rod is also provided with a top cross arm, and a group of parallel bottom supporting wires are arranged between the top cross arms; a jacking line is arranged between the top of the vertical rod and the cap; the upper part of the transparent waterproof cloth is connected with the jacking lines, the bottom is respectively connected with the jacking lines on two sides, and the transparent waterproof cloth is unfolded above the upright rods by the jacking lines;
the top of the vertical rod is also provided with a mounting seat, the mounting seat is provided with a spray head, the spray head is connected with a high-pressure water supply pipeline, and the high-pressure water supply pipeline is fixed on the vertical rod and connected with a pump station unit.
2. The pole frame system for three-dimensional branch removal and protection of bird's nest dragon fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the branch removal cross arm group comprises a lower fork cross arm, a middle cross arm and an upper fork cross arm which are uniformly distributed from bottom to top, wherein the lengths of the lower fork cross arm and the upper fork cross arm are larger than the length of the middle cross arm;
the left side and the right side of the upper fork cross arm, the middle cross arm and the lower fork cross arm are respectively provided with a via hole for a bracket wire to pass through;
the bracket wires erected on the two sides of the middle cross arm are attached with binding bands for fixing the trunks of the bird's nest and the dragon fruits; a binding belt for fixing the fruiting branch of the downward bracket which germinates from the main trunk is attached to the lower fork bracket wires erected on two sides of the lower fork cross arm; the upper fork bracket wires erected on the two sides of the upper fork cross arm are attached with binding bands for fixing the fruiting branches of the upper bracket which germinate from the main trunk.
3. The pole frame system for three-dimensional branch removal and protection of bird's nest dragon fruit according to claim 2, wherein the centers of the lower fork cross arm, the middle cross arm and the upper fork cross arm are fixedly connected with the vertical pole, and the interval between the two poles and the length of the bracket line passing through meet the following requirements:
the angle between the branches of the upper bracket of the lower fork bracket line and the ground is 75-85 degrees, and the angle between the branches of the upper bracket of the upper fork bracket line and the ground is 95-105 degrees.
4. A pole frame system for three-dimensional branch removal and protection of bird's nest dragon fruits as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the branch removal cross arm groups are arranged at different heights in the pole rods arranged in rows; setting up the supporting wires parallel to the ground between the branch-removing cross arm groups at the same height, wherein the supporting wires set up on a row of upright posts can be at different heights;
wherein, the same upright rod can be provided with a plurality of branch-removing cross arm groups which are respectively positioned at different heights; or only one branch-removing cross arm group is arranged on the same upright rod, and the branch-removing cross arm groups of which one row of upright rods are provided with a plurality of upright rods are positioned at the same height.
5. The pole frame system for three-dimensional branch removal and protection of bird's nest dragon fruit as claimed in claim 4, wherein the row of poles comprises at least two high branch removal cross arm groups; wherein, the branch-removing cross arm group with one height is arranged at the position of 110-130cm of the ground, and the bracket line erected by the branch-removing cross arm group is used for supporting the lower layer fruit branches; the branch-removing cross arm group with one height is arranged at the position of 230-250cm above the ground, and the bracket line erected by the branch-removing cross arm group is used for supporting upper layer fruiting branches.
6. The stereoscopic branch removing and protecting rod frame system for bird's nest dragon fruit according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the lengths of the lower fork cross arm, the middle cross arm and the upper fork cross arm in the branch removing cross arm group are respectively 50-70 cm, 15-25 cm, 90-110 cm, and the vertical distances are 8-15 cm
The vertical rod is a cement vertical column, the cement vertical column is buried underground, and concrete is poured at the bottom of the cement vertical column;
the supporting wire is a steel strand, penetrates through the branch-removing cross arm group or the top cross arm, and two ends are anchored and fixed through the ground anchors respectively.
7. The pole frame system for three-dimensional branch removal and protection of bird's nest dragon fruit according to claim 6, wherein the lengths of the lower fork cross arm, the middle cross arm and the upper fork cross arm in the branch removal cross arm group are respectively 60cm, 20cm and 100cm, and the vertical direction is spaced by 10cm.
The depth of the cement upright post buried underground is 50cm, and the longitudinal and transverse distances are 4m 5m; coarse cement columns are used for the head part and the tail part of the row, the row spacing of the coarse cement columns is 10 meters, and the middle 1:1 adding a fine cement column;
after the cement upright post is planted, horizontal, vertical and oblique alignment is required, and the deviation error is controlled within 3 cm;
the row head column and the side column are inclined outwards by 15 degrees and form an included angle of 75 degrees with the ground, the two side rods are provided with independent anchors, and the top transverse pulling steel strand is reinforced.
8. The pole frame system for three-dimensional branch removal and protection of bird's nest dragon fruit according to claim 6, wherein transverse steel strands are also erected between the cement upright posts, and each row is provided with 1 transverse steel strand;
wherein, the side horizontal line draws thick line, and the middle horizontal line draws fine line.
9. The pole frame system for three-dimensional branch removal and protection of bird's nest dragon fruit as claimed in claim 7 or 8, wherein the steel strand is anchored:
ground anchor pit: diameter 40cm, depth 200cm;
the ground anchor rod: galvanized anchor rod length 240cm, roughness: 18mm, the end head of the anchor rod is provided with a screw and a steel gasket, the bottom end penetrates into the ground by 200cm, and the ground is left for 40cm;
bottom cement hanging hammer: 30cm thick, 30cm in top diameter, 38cm in bottom diameter, 25mm in middle hole, and small side facing upwards when in use;
the ground anchor is filled, water is poured for precipitation, and the surface of the water is compacted;
piling soil around the ground anchor: the height is 30cm, the width is 80-100 cm, and the surface is tamped;
all the steel strands are not folded in half and loose after being tensioned; when 20 jin of weight is hung between the columns, the sagging height of the steel stranded wires is less than 5cm;
the joint of the steel strand and the ground anchor is provided with a turnbuckle screw, M12 is used for a thin steel strand, and M20 is used for a thick steel strand;
the thin steel strand is fixed by two clamping heads, and the thick steel strand is fixed by 3 clamping heads.
10. The pole frame system for three-dimensional branch removal and protection of bird's nest dragon fruit as claimed in claim 6, wherein 15 steel strands are erected between each drainage mud upright:
one lower fork cross arm, one middle cross arm and one upper fork cross arm in the branch cross arm group with the first height are respectively erected on two sides, the number of the lower fork cross arm, the middle cross arm and the upper fork cross arm is 6, and the steel strands are 110-130cm higher than the ground;
one lower fork cross arm, one middle cross arm and one upper fork cross arm in the branch cross arm group with the second height are respectively erected on two sides, and the number of the lower fork cross arm, the middle cross arm and the upper fork cross arm is 6, and the steel strands are 230-250cm higher than the ground;
the top cross arm is arranged at a position 320cm higher than the ground, and the length of the cross arm is 180cm; 2 steel strands are erected from the top to descend by 30cm so as to install the bottom supporting wires of the waterproof cloth, wherein the number of the bottom supporting wires is 2;
the top of the cement upright post is provided with a post cap, 1 steel strand is arranged, and a jacking line of the waterproof cloth is arranged, wherein the number of the jacking line is 1.
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| CN202310598443.4A CN116508589A (en) | 2023-05-25 | 2023-05-25 | Three-dimensional branch of row of dragon fruit for bird's nest and pole frame system of protection |
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