CN116375466A - 一种压电陶瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种压电陶瓷材料,其通式为(1‑x)Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)0.88(Sr0.9Ga0.1)0.12O3‑xPbTiO3,其中x=0.36~0.42。本发明还涉及上述压电陶瓷的制备方法。本发明解决了现有的耐高温压电陶瓷铅含量低、成本低、并且能同时拥有高居里温度和压电性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合耐高温压电陶瓷及其制备方法,属于压电陶瓷生产技术领域。
背景技术
高温压电陶瓷被广泛应用于原子能、航空航天、汽车工业、地质勘测、冶金与石油化工等领域。虽然压电陶瓷在实际的应用中很光泛,但仍然存在一些有待解决的问题,实际应用中最为表现突出的问题就是压电性能方面的退极化问题。也就是说压电材料在使用的环境温度高于材料的居里温度时,便会发生铁电相顺电相变从而使压电性退极化,这样压电材料便会失效。除此之外含铅材料相对于无铅材料的电学性能方面更稳定,但含铅材料在生产、制备、使用及废弃后的处理过程中都会给环境带来严重污染,给人类健康带来很大的损害,严重影响人类的可持续发展。
铋层状结构高温压电陶瓷它具有高居里温度、高机械品质因数等特点,是一种较好的高温压电材料,但它压电常数低。(1-x)BiScO3-xPbTiO3(BS-PT)陶瓷优异的压电性能(d33在460pC/N)及高的居里温度(Tc在450℃左右)使之具有了很好的开发价值,但是制备原料中Sc2O3价格昂贵,这必成为BS-PT陶瓷开发和应用的一大障碍。虽然BiYbO3-PbTiO3(BY-PT)和BiInO3-PbTiO3(BI-PT)陶瓷有着高居里温度点,分别约600℃和550℃,但是由于其自身钙钛矿结构不稳定,使其压电性能方面表现很差。因此有必要研制一种既满足性能要求、成本要求,还要满足铅含量低的要求,具有高性能、高压电、介电常数的耐高温压电陶瓷体系。
发明内容
为解决现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种压电陶瓷及其制备方法,在控制铅含量的基础上,同时具有高居里温度和较好的压点性能。具体技术方案如下。
一种压电陶瓷,其特征在于,其通式为(1-x)Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)0.88(Sr0.9Ga0.1)0.12O3-xPbTiO3,其中x=0.36~0.42。
本发明还提供上述压电陶瓷的制备方法,主要包括以下步骤:
步骤一:配料:Bi2O3、SrO、GaO、MgO、TiO2和PbO按上述通式摩尔比称量,得到混合均匀的粉体;
步骤二:初次球磨:将磨球、酒精和步骤一得到的粉体放入行星式球磨机中研磨均匀;
步骤三:预烧:将步骤二得到的混合好的原料放入坩埚中预烧,预烧温度在870℃~920℃之间,保温2-3h;
步骤四:二次球磨:将球磨、酒精和步骤三得到的原料放入球磨罐中球磨;
步骤五:造粒:在步骤四得到的粉料加入浓度为4-6wt%的粘结剂,然后均匀混合,过180目筛网,得到大小均匀的颗粒;
步骤六:压片成型:将步骤五得到的颗粒压制成型,得到陶瓷胚体;
步骤七:排胶:将步骤六获得的陶瓷胚体在惰性气体环境下升温至580-620℃,保温一定时间后,随着将完成真空排胶的胚体置于空气环境下升温至780-820℃,保温一定时间;
步骤八:烧结:将步骤七排胶过后的样品放入高温炉进行烧结,在1350-1550°C保温3-4 h,然后降温至980-1050°C保温1-1.5 h,随后随炉冷至室温,得到陶瓷烧结体;
步骤九:烧银电极、极化处理:将陶瓷烧结体清洗涂覆银浆放入烧银炉中于680-720℃保温15-18min;然后进行极化处理,极化条件为:极化电场强度4-5.5KV/mm,极化温度90~110℃,极化时间为15-18min。
优选地,步骤二中,磨球:原料:酒精=2:1:2(重量比),球磨时间为12h,球磨机转速为270r/min。
优选地,步骤三中粉体的预烧温度为900℃,保温时间为2.5h。
优选地,步骤四中,按磨球:原料:酒精=2:1:2(重量比),球磨时间为24h,转速为270r/min。
优选地,步骤五中粘结剂为PVA(聚乙稀醇)。
优选地,步骤七包括真空排胶(惰性气体排胶)和空气排胶;第一步脱脂工艺为真空排胶,坯体在惰性气体环境下以缓慢的升温速度升至600℃,保温4h,其目的在于在保证坯体完整的前提下,将坯体内部的有机物还原成碳;第二步脱脂工艺为空气排胶,将完成真空排胶的坯体置于空气环境下以缓慢的升温速度升至800℃,保温4h,其目的在于使坯体里的碳与氧气结合生成二氧化碳从坯体中排出。
优选地,惰性气体为氮气。
目前大多数的高温压电陶瓷难以同时具有高居里温度和压电性能,本发明采用了上述技术方案,不仅能同时具有高居里温度和良好的压电性能,还提高了长时间高温工作的稳定性,且含铅量低。满足压电陶瓷在多领域的应用需求,解决了现有的压电陶瓷的电学性能无法满足要求的问题,具有工艺稳定,操作简单,成本低的特点。
附图说明
图1是(1-x)Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)0.88(Sr0.9Ga0.1)0.12O3-xPbTiO3(x=0.36~0.42)陶瓷与(1-x)Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3-xPbTiO3(x=0.36~0.42)陶瓷的压电常数d33的值。
实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明作进一步说明:
实施例
将Bi2O3、SrO、GaO、MgO、TiO2和PbO按通式0.64Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)0.8(Sr0.9Ga0.1)0.2O3-0.36PbTiO3摩尔比称量,倒入振磨机中振磨6h,得到混合均匀的粉体;按球磨:原料:酒精=2:1:2的比例放入尼龙罐中,采用转速为270r/min的行星式球磨机将所得配料研磨均匀,初次球磨时间为12h。将混合好的粉体放入坩埚中预烧,预烧温度在900℃,保温2.5h。同样按磨球:原料:酒精=2:1:2的比例放入球磨罐中,球磨时间为24h,转速为270r/min。将预烧的粉料加入浓度为5wt%的粘结剂,然后在研钵内均匀混合,过180目筛网,得到大小均匀的颗粒,使用特定大小磨具压制成型,排胶,并在1450°C温度下保温3.5 h烧结得到陶瓷片;将陶瓷样品清洗涂覆银浆放入烧银炉中烧至700℃保温15min。最后极化处理,极化条件为:极化电场强度5KV/mm,极化温度100℃,极化时间为15min,获得耐高温压电陶瓷片。放置24h充分老化后测得复合耐高温压电陶瓷样品综合电性能为:d33=196pC/N,Tm=385℃,Ɛm=3151,Pm=13.4μC/cm2,Ec=14.2KV/cm。
实施例
将Bi2O3、SrO、GaO、MgO、TiO2和PbO按通式0.62Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)0.85(Sr0.9Ga0.1)0.15O3-0.38PbTiO3摩尔比称量,倒入振磨机中振磨6h,得到混合均匀的粉体;按球磨:原料:酒精=2:1:2的比例放入尼龙罐中,采用转速为270r/min的行星式球磨机将所得配料研磨均匀,初次球磨时间为12h。将混合好的粉体放入坩埚中预烧,预烧温度在920℃,保温2h。同样按磨球:原料:酒精=2:1:2的比例放入球磨罐中,球磨时间为24h,转速为270r/min。将预烧的粉料加入浓度为4wt%的粘结剂,然后在研钵内均匀混合,过180目筛网,得到大小均匀的颗粒,使用特定大小磨具压制成型,排胶,并在1550°C温度下保温3 h烧结得到陶瓷片;将陶瓷样品清洗涂覆银浆放入烧银炉中烧至720℃保温15min。最后极化处理,极化条件为:极化电场强度5.5KV/mm,极化温度90℃,极化时间为18min,获得耐高温压电陶瓷片。放置24h充分老化后测得复合耐高温压电陶瓷样品综合电性能为:d33=201pC/N,Tm=384℃,Ɛm=3548,Pm=14.1μC/cm2,Ec=16.8KV/cm。
实施例
将Bi2O3、SrO、GaO、MgO、TiO2和PbO按通式0.6Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)0.9(Sr0.9Ga0.1)0.1O3-0.4PbTiO3摩尔比称量,倒入振磨机中振磨6h,得到混合均匀的粉体;按球磨:原料:酒精=2:1:2的比例放入尼龙罐中,采用转速为270r/min的行星式球磨机将所得配料研磨均匀,初次球磨时间为12h。将混合好的粉体放入坩埚中预烧,预烧温度在870℃,保温3h。同样按磨球:原料:酒精=2:1:2的比例放入球磨罐中,球磨时间为24h,转速为270r/min。将预烧的粉料加入浓度为6wt%的粘结剂,然后在研钵内均匀混合,过180目筛网,得到大小均匀的颗粒,使用特定大小磨具压制成型,排胶,并在1350°C温度下保温4 h烧结得到陶瓷片;将陶瓷样品清洗涂覆银浆放入烧银炉中烧至680℃保温18min。最后极化处理,极化条件为:极化电场强度4KV/mm,极化温度110℃,极化时间为15min,获得耐高温压电陶瓷片。放置24h充分老化后测得复合耐高温压电陶瓷样品综合电性能为:d33=206pC/N,Tm=392℃,Ɛm=4179,Pm=18.2μC/cm2,Ec=27.5KV/cm。
实施例
将Bi2O3、SrO、GaO、MgO、TiO2和PbO按通式0.58Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)0.88(Sr0.9Ga0.1)0.12O3-0.42PbTiO3摩尔比称量,倒入振磨机中振磨6h,得到混合均匀的粉体;按球磨:原料:酒精=2:1:2的比例放入尼龙罐中,采用转速为270r/min的行星式球磨机将所得配料研磨均匀,初次球磨时间为12h。将混合好的粉体放入坩埚中预烧,预烧温度在900℃,保温2.5h。同样按磨球:原料:酒精=2:1:2的比例放入球磨罐中,球磨时间为24h,转速为270r/min。将预烧的粉料加入浓度为5wt%的粘结剂,然后在研钵内均匀混合,过180目筛网,得到大小均匀的颗粒,使用特定大小磨具压制成型,排胶,并在1450°C温度下保温3.5 h烧结得到陶瓷片;将陶瓷样品清洗涂覆银浆放入烧银炉中烧至700℃保温15min。最后极化处理,极化条件为:极化电场强度5KV/mm,极化温度100℃,极化时间为15min,获得耐高温压电陶瓷片。放置24h充分老化后测得复合耐高温压电陶瓷样品综合电性能为:d33=218pC/N,Tm=401℃,Ɛm=4197,Pm=19.1μC/cm2,Ec=21.3KV/cm。
对比例1
将Bi2O3、MgO、TiO2和PbO按通式0.64Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3-0.36PbTiO3摩尔比称量,倒入振磨机中振磨6h,得到混合均匀的粉体;按球磨:原料:酒精=2:1:2的比例放入尼龙罐中,采用转速为270r/min的行星式球磨机将所得配料研磨均匀,初次球磨时间为12h。将混合好的粉体放入坩埚中预烧,预烧温度在900℃,保温2.5h。同样按磨球:原料:酒精=2:1:2的比例放入球磨罐中,球磨时间为24h,转速为270r/min。将预烧的粉料加入浓度为5wt%的粘结剂,然后在研钵内均匀混合,过180目筛网,得到大小均匀的颗粒,使用特定大小磨具压制成型,排胶,并在1450°C温度下保温3.5 h烧结得到陶瓷片;将陶瓷样品清洗涂覆银浆放入烧银炉中烧至700℃保温15min。最后极化处理,极化条件为:极化电场强度5KV/mm,极化温度100℃,极化时间为15min,获得耐高温压电陶瓷片。放置24h充分老化后测得复合耐高温压电陶瓷样品综合电性能为:d33=152pC/N,Tm=398℃,Ɛm=5145,Pm=16.2μC/cm2,Ec=31.3KV/cm。
对比例2
将Bi2O3、MgO、TiO2和PbO按通式0.62Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3-0.38PbTiO3摩尔比称量,倒入振磨机中振磨6h,得到混合均匀的粉体;按球磨:原料:酒精=2:1:2的比例放入尼龙罐中,采用转速为270r/min的行星式球磨机将所得配料研磨均匀,初次球磨时间为12h。将混合好的粉体放入坩埚中预烧,预烧温度在920℃,保温2h。同样按磨球:原料:酒精=2:1:2的比例放入球磨罐中,球磨时间为24h,转速为270r/min。将预烧的粉料加入浓度为4wt%的粘结剂,然后在研钵内均匀混合,过180目筛网,得到大小均匀的颗粒,使用特定大小磨具压制成型,排胶,并在1550°C温度下保温3 h烧结得到陶瓷片;将陶瓷样品清洗涂覆银浆放入烧银炉中烧至720℃保温15min。最后极化处理,极化条件为:极化电场强度5.5KV/mm,极化温度90℃,极化时间为18min,获得耐高温压电陶瓷片。放置24h充分老化后测得复合耐高温压电陶瓷样品综合电性能为:d33=121pC/N,Tm=411℃,Ɛm=4767,Pm=10.3μC/cm2,Ec=25.2KV/cm。
对比例3
将Bi2O3、MgO、TiO2和PbO按通式0.6Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3-0.4PbTiO3摩尔比称量,倒入振磨机中振磨6h,得到混合均匀的粉体;按球磨:原料:酒精=2:1:2的比例放入尼龙罐中,采用转速为270r/min的行星式球磨机将所得配料研磨均匀,初次球磨时间为12h。将混合好的粉体放入坩埚中预烧,预烧温度在870℃,保温3h。同样按磨球:原料:酒精=2:1:2的比例放入球磨罐中,球磨时间为24h,转速为270r/min。将预烧的粉料加入浓度为6wt%的粘结剂,然后在研钵内均匀混合,过180目筛网,得到大小均匀的颗粒,使用特定大小磨具压制成型,排胶,并在1350°C温度下保温4 h烧结得到陶瓷片;将陶瓷样品清洗涂覆银浆放入烧银炉中烧至680℃保温18min。最后极化处理,极化条件为:极化电场强度4KV/mm,极化温度110℃,极化时间为15min,获得耐高温压电陶瓷片。放置24h充分老化后测得复合耐高温压电陶瓷样品综合电性能为:d33=110pC/N,Tm=423℃,Ɛm=5057,Pm=11.1μC/cm2,Ec=26.5KV/cm。
对比例4
将Bi2O3、MgO、TiO2和PbO按通式0.58Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3-0.42PbTiO3摩尔比称量,倒入振磨机中振磨6h,得到混合均匀的粉体;按球磨:原料:酒精=2:1:2的比例放入尼龙罐中,采用转速为270r/min的行星式球磨机将所得配料研磨均匀,初次球磨时间为12h。将混合好的粉体放入坩埚中预烧,预烧温度在900℃,保温2.5h。同样按磨球:原料:酒精=2:1:2的比例放入球磨罐中,球磨时间为24h,转速为270r/min。将预烧的粉料加入浓度为5wt%的粘结剂,然后在研钵内均匀混合,过180目筛网,得到大小均匀的颗粒,使用特定大小磨具压制成型,排胶,并在1450°C温度下保温3.5 h烧结得到陶瓷片;将陶瓷样品清洗涂覆银浆放入烧银炉中烧至700℃保温15min。最后极化处理,极化条件为:极化电场强度5KV/mm,极化温度100℃,极化时间为15min,获得耐高温压电陶瓷片。放置24h充分老化后测得复合耐高温压电陶瓷样品综合电性能为:d33=106pC/N,Tm=427℃,Ɛm=5111,Pm=12.3μC/cm2,Ec=30.6KV/cm。
表1((1-x)Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)0.88(Sr0.9Ga0.1)0.12O3-xPbTiO3(x=0.36~0.42)陶瓷的介电性能、压电性能和铁电性能参数)
PT(x/mol) | x=0.36 | x=0.38 | x=0.40 | x=0.42 |
d33(pC/N) | 196 | 201 | 206 | 218 |
Tm(℃,100kHz) | 385 | 384 | 392 | 401 |
Ɛm(100kHz) | 3151 | 3548 | 4179 | 4197 |
Pm(μC/cm2,70KV/cm) | 13.4 | 14.1 | 18.2 | 19.1 |
Ec(KV/cm,70KV/cm) | 14.2 | 16.8 | 27.5 | 21.3 |
表2((1-x)Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3-xPbTiO3(x=0.36~0.42)陶瓷的介电性能、压电性能和铁电性能参数)
PT(x/mol) | x=0.36 | x=0.38 | x=0.40 | x=0.42 |
d33(pC/N) | 152 | 121 | 110 | 106 |
Tm(℃,100kHz) | 398 | 411 | 423 | 427 |
Ɛm(100kHz) | 5145 | 4767 | 5057 | 5111 |
Pm(μC/cm2,70KV/cm) | 16.2 | 10.3 | 11.1 | 12.3 |
Ec(KV/cm,70KV/cm) | 31.3 | 25.2 | 26.5 | 30.6 |
通过实施例和对比例的对照,可知在(1-x)Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3-xPbTiO3的基础上掺杂SrO、GaO不同氧化物,形成新型的铋基钙钛矿陶瓷材料,能够显著地提高压电陶瓷的压电性能。
Claims (8)
1.一种压电陶瓷材料,其特征在于,其通式为(1-x)Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)0.88(Sr0.9Ga0.1)0.12O3-xPbTiO3,其中x=0.36~0.42。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的压电陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤一: Bi2O3、SrO、GaO、MgO、TiO2和PbO按上述通式摩尔比称量,得到混合均匀的粉体;
步骤二:将球磨、酒精和步骤一得到的粉体放入行星式球磨机中研磨均匀;
步骤三:将步骤二得到的混合好的原料放入坩埚中预烧,预烧温度在870℃~920℃之间,保温2-3h;
步骤四:将球磨、酒精和步骤三得到的原料放入球磨罐中球磨;
步骤五:在步骤四得到的粉料加入浓度为4-6wt%的粘结剂,然后均匀混合,过180目筛网,得到大小均匀的颗粒;
步骤六:将步骤五得到的颗粒压制成型,得到陶瓷胚体;
步骤七:将步骤六获得的陶瓷胚体在惰性气体环境下升温至580-620℃,保温一定时间后,随后将完成真空排胶的坯体置于空气环境下升温至780-820℃,保温一定时间;
步骤八:将步骤七排胶过后的样品放入高温炉进行烧结,在1350-1550°C保温3-4 h,然后降温至980-1050°C保温1-1.5 h,随后随炉冷至室温,得到陶瓷烧结体;
步骤九:将陶瓷烧结体清洗涂覆银浆放入烧银炉中于680-720℃保温15-18min;然后进行极化处理,极化条件为:极化电场强度4-5.5KV/mm,极化温度90~110℃,极化时间为15-18min。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤五中粘结剂为PVA。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤二中,磨球:粉体:酒精=2:1:2,球磨时间为12h,球磨机转速为270r/min。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤三中粉体的预烧温度为900℃,保温时间为2.5h。
6.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤四中,按磨球:原料:酒精=2:1:2,球磨时间为24h,转速为270r/min。
7.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤七中,坯体在惰性气体环境下升温速度升至600℃,保温4h,然后将坯体置于空气环境下升至800℃,保温4h。
8.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:惰性气体为氮气。
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