CN116369159A - Low-carbon precipitation collecting and irrigating method for stony bud ditch on stony desertification slope - Google Patents
Low-carbon precipitation collecting and irrigating method for stony bud ditch on stony desertification slope Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 270
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 84
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-carbon precipitation collecting and irrigating method for a stone bud ditch of a stony desertification slope, which is carried out by adopting a precipitation collecting and irrigating system, wherein the system comprises a ditch water collecting tank, a self-flowing water collecting pipe, a water collecting and pumping device, a pumping pipe, a pumping water storage and irrigating device and a pressure-bearing irrigation pipe; each water collecting and lifting device is connected with a plurality of ditch water collecting tanks through a self-flowing water collecting pipe, and the position of the water collecting and lifting device is lower than that of each ditch water collecting tank connected with the water collecting and lifting device; the water collecting and lifting device is connected with the water lifting and storage irrigation device through a lifting pipe; the position of the water-lifting water-storage irrigation device is higher than that of the water-collecting water-lifting device and the ditch water-collecting tank; the ditch water collecting pool comprises exposed stone buds, a gravel ditch deposited, a ditch water collecting baffle and a ditch water collecting water outlet pipe; the water collecting and lifting device adopts a solar panel to supply power. The invention can solve the problem of rain and flood resource utilization in the karst stony desertification region by utilizing the own terrain and climate characteristics of the stony desertification region, and realize full-slope agricultural production and multi-period ecological restoration irrigation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a method for collecting and irrigating low-carbon precipitation in a stone bud ditch of a stony desertification area by utilizing rain and flood resources in the karst stony desertification area.
Background
Precipitation collection irrigation is a way of utilizing rainfall flood resources, and is generally referred to as collecting precipitation for agricultural irrigation or ecological restoration. Stony desertification (rocky desertification) refers to the phenomenon that under the natural background of Karst (Karst) development in tropical, subtropical humid and semi-humid areas, due to the interference of natural and artificial activities, vegetation on the ground surface is destroyed, so that soil is severely eroded, bedrock is exposed in a large area, gravel is piled up, land productivity is reduced or even lost, and land degradation or even disappearance of desertification landscapes is presented on the ground surface. In the karst region, although precipitation resources are abundant, lithology leaks, a large amount of precipitation leaks to underground river, so that the available water resources on the surface are lack, and the requirement of agricultural irrigation or ecological restoration water is difficult to meet, which is called as engineering water shortage in the karst region. How to effectively solve the engineering water shortage is a great difficulty facing the stony desertification control.
The existing stony desertification land standard in China refers to forested lands, shrub forests, grasslands, non-terraced fields and the like with rock exposure of more than 30% and vegetation comprehensive coverage of less than 50%. The large amount of bare rock on the stony desertification slope exists in the form of a stony bud ditch. The rock buds (clints) are formed by long-term corrosion of surface water on the surface of the surface-soluble rock body, the surface of the surface-soluble rock body is exposed from the conical rock body with the tip end and the thick lower part, and the surface-soluble rock body is ridged rock body between grooves formed by corrosion of the surface water along the surface cracks of the carbonate rock; the gully (karren) is a groove where rainwater flows along the slope of carbonate rock and erodes. The rock bud solution ditch is special for karst landforms and is a small fluctuation combination form accompanied with a limestone surface; the difference between the positive and negative terrains of the stone bud solution ditch is generally from a few centimeters to a few meters, and the deepest difference can reach more than ten meters. The exposed stone bud solution ditches on the stony desertification land are distributed in a large quantity, and when the moderate and severe stony desertification degree is reached, the area of the exposed stone bud solution ditches is generally more than 50 percent, even more than 70 percent. At present, the exposed stone bud ditch cannot be utilized, and the land is crushed, so that a large amount of manpower and material resources are required to be input for crushing, carrying and landfill in the stony desertification control, which is called as stony desertification cancer.
In order to solve the precipitation collection and utilization problems in karst stony desertification areas, more and more researchers design precipitation collection and utilization devices in the stony desertification areas. The application number is as follows: 201210277217.8, the design of which utilizes the rock grooves naturally formed in the existing stony desertification area as a water storage foundation, and performs anti-seepage water treatment on the water storage foundation to form a water storage unit. Application number: 201410111614.7, a water resource utilization method in karst regions is provided, and the water resource utilization method comprises the steps of establishing a slope rain collecting device, constructing a water lifting project to develop karst subcutaneous water and upper-layer water stagnation, establishing a roof rain collecting device, testing and popularizing shallow irrigation water-saving agricultural technology and establishing a scientific and reasonable irrigation mode. Application number: 201810820157.7, a device comprising a fixing mechanism and a rainwater collecting mechanism is designed, and rainfall in areas is mastered by collecting rainfall in real time through the arrangement of a signal processor. Application number: 201910558665.7 discloses a karst sloping field water collecting irrigation device, which is characterized in that a plurality of water collecting mechanisms are arranged on a sloping surface from top to bottom, rainwater flowing on the sloping surface is collected, and farmlands are irrigated through a self-flow pipe. Application number: 201920892256.6 discloses a water storage and irrigation device in stony desertification areas, which utilizes the height of land to automatically collect water in a ditch into a water storage tank, and automatically reaches an irrigation pipe for irrigation through a main water outlet pipe and a branch water outlet pipe. Application number: 202111100744.7, a test model and a test method for combined water storage and water holding maintenance of vegetation board and grooves of stony desertification slopes are disclosed.
These techniques solve the precipitation collection problem in karst regions to a certain extent, but have the following disadvantages: 1) Precipitation collection and convergence are not proposed for stone bud ditches widely distributed on stony desertification sloping fields, such as application number: 201210277217.8 only shows that the rock grooves naturally formed in the stony desertification area can be used as a water storage foundation, but the rock grooves are scattered in disorder, different in size and limited in water storage capacity; in addition, the positions are variable, the distance from the cultivated land is far and near, and the water requirement for large-scale agricultural production and ecological restoration is difficult to meet. 2) The gravity flow design is carried out without utilizing the height difference of stone buds and ditches of the stony desertification sloping field, such as application number: the Chinese patent 201410111614.7 only proposes a karst region water resource utilization method, but does not disclose facility design; the application number is as follows: the design proposed by the chinese patent 201810820157.7 is only for measuring precipitation, and is not related to precipitation collection irrigation in karst stony desertification areas. 3) The water flow of the slope water potential difference in reverse direction is not solved, and the design of the water for irrigation which can be supplied to all land of the stony desertification slope is proposed; the application number is as follows: 201920892256.6 only provides that rainwater is collected into a water storage tank and irrigates farmlands through a self-flowing pipe, but the collected water quantity is concentrated at the low part of a hillside, and the water consumption requirement of farmland at the high part of the hillside or ecological restoration land cannot be met; the application number is as follows: 202111100744.7 Chinese patent proposes the water storage design of stony desertification side slope, which only satisfies the water of the water storage area at the original position after water storage and does not provide water for other areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the utilization problem of exposed stone bud ditches on a stony desertification slope, solve the defects of the prior art and provide a low-carbon precipitation collection irrigation method for the stone bud ditches on the stony desertification slope.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention designs a large amount of rock bud solution ditches which are distributed on the rock desertification sloping fields and cannot be utilized as a water collecting tank, and collects precipitation through self-flowing; then the water collecting and pumping device is designed by self, the water collecting is sent to the high water storage of the sloping field in a low-carbon photovoltaic mode, and the water is irrigated by the pumping and water storage irrigation device arranged on the stony desertification sloping field.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a stony desertification slope stony bud ditch low-carbon precipitation collecting and irrigating method is carried out by adopting a precipitation collecting and irrigating system, and comprises a ditch water collecting pool, a self-flowing water collecting pipe, a water collecting and pumping device, a pumping pipe, a pumping water storage and irrigating device and a pressure-bearing irrigation pipe; each water collecting and lifting device is connected with more than two ditch water collecting tanks through a self-flowing water collecting pipe, and the position of the water collecting and lifting device is lower than that of each ditch water collecting tank connected with the water collecting and lifting device; the water collecting and pumping device is connected with the pumping water storage irrigation device through the pumping pipe, and the pumping pipe is provided with a one-way valve to enable water to flow to the pumping water storage irrigation device in a one-way manner; the position of the water-lifting water-storage irrigation device is higher than that of the water-collecting water-lifting device and the ditch water-collecting tank; a water outlet pipe of the water pumping and storing irrigation device is connected with the pressure-bearing irrigation pipe; the ditch water collecting pool comprises a gravel accumulation ditch, a ditch water collecting baffle plate and a ditch water collecting water outlet pipe, wherein the gravel accumulation ditch is connected with the bottom of the exposed stone bud, the ditch water collecting baffle plate is arranged at the outlet of the gravel accumulation ditch, and the ditch water collecting water outlet pipe penetrates through the ditch water collecting baffle plate; the ditch water collecting and discharging pipe is connected with a water inlet of the self-flow water collecting pipe; the water collecting and lifting device is provided with a water storage part and a sand settling part connected with the water storage part, and is powered by a solar panel;
the precipitation collection irrigation comprises the following steps:
step one, collecting precipitation in a water collecting pool of a ditch: generating water flow along the exposed stone buds during each precipitation, collecting the water flow from the upper parts of the exposed stone buds, entering a gravel accumulation solution ditch, accumulating gravel to filter sediment in the water flow, gradually collecting the water flow through the blocking water flow of a solution ditch water collecting baffle plate, and entering a self-flow water collecting pipe through a solution ditch water collecting water outlet pipe;
step two, self-flowing collection: the self-flow water collecting pipe connects all the ditch water collecting ponds of the stony desertification slope setting section, and the water flow of each ditch water collecting pond is collected into a water collecting and lifting device with a lower position in a self-flow mode;
step three, collecting water and lifting water: the collected water flow enters a water collecting and pumping device and is pumped into a pumping water storage irrigation device at a higher position through a pumping pipe after further sand sedimentation; counting local weather data, collecting water during rainfall, pumping water during sunny days at rainfall intervals, and supplying power for pumping water through a solar panel;
step four, irrigation: the water entering the water-lifting water-storing irrigation device is delivered to any section of the stony desertification slope through the pressure-bearing irrigation pipe at any time period according to the requirement, so that slope agricultural production or ecological restoration irrigation is carried out.
Further optimization of water collecting and pumping device, water collecting and pumping device includes: the self-flow water storage tank and the sand sedimentation tank are communicated with the self-flow water storage tank; a sand sedimentation tank water inlet pipe is arranged on one side of the sand sedimentation tank, the other side of the sand sedimentation tank is communicated with a water inlet of a self-flow water storage tank water inlet pipe, and a water outlet of the self-flow water storage tank water inlet pipe is connected with the rear wall surface of the self-flow water storage tank; the upper part and the lower part of the front wall surface of the self-flow water storage tank are respectively provided with a self-flow water storage tank flood overflow pipe and a self-flow water storage tank sand discharge pipe; the self-flow water storage tank sand discharge pipe is provided with a self-flow water storage tank sand discharge pipe valve; the self-flow water storage tank is internally provided with a self-flow water storage tank submersible pump and a self-flow water storage tank water level valve which are connected with each other; the outside of the self-flow water storage tank is also provided with a storage battery and an inverter assembly, and a solar panel connected with the storage battery and the inverter assembly supplies energy for the self-flow water storage tank submersible pump; the outlet of the self-flow water storage tank diving pump is connected with a water pumping outlet pipe of the self-flow water storage tank extending out of the self-flow water storage tank; the rear wall of the self-flowing water storage tank is also provided with a self-flowing water storage tank door; the water inlet of the sand settling tank water inlet pipe is connected with the water outlet of the self-flow water collecting pipe; the water lifting outlet pipe of the self-flow water storage tank is connected with the water inlet of the water lifting pipe. The water flow flows into the sand sedimentation tank through the self-flow water collecting pipe and the sand sedimentation tank water inlet pipe, and after sediment is settled, the water flow enters the self-flow water storage tank through the self-flow water storage tank water inlet pipe; when the water quantity entering the self-flow water storage tank exceeds the storage capacity of the water tank, the surplus water quantity is discharged by a flood overflow pipe of the self-flow water storage tank; when sediment still enters the self-flow water storage tank, a sediment discharge pipe valve of the self-flow water storage tank is opened to discharge the sediment.
The volume of the self-flowing water storage tank is designed by the following formula:
g i ＝S i ×P×W×0.001 (1)
V I ＝Q I ×1.2 (3)
wherein: q i Maximum amount of precipitation per unit m for the ith ditch sump 3 ；S i The unit m is the bud area of the ith ditch water collecting tank 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the P is the average daily precipitation per unit mm of the construction area for many years; w is the flow coefficient of the stone bud ditch; q (Q) I Is the water storage capacity of the I-th self-flowing water storage tank, the unit is m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the n is the number of the ditch water collecting tanks connected with the self-flow water storage tank; v (V) I Is the volume of the I-th self-flowing water storage tank, the unit is m 3 。
Model of the self-flow water storage tank submersible pump is determined according to calculated lift and flow: the flow is calculated as follows:
wherein: u (U) I Is the flow rate of the water, unit m 3 /h; t is the determined water raising time, the unit h is obtained by counting the rainfall interval time in the rainy season of the construction area;
the calculation formula of the lift is as follows:
H＝h+l×0.1+ε (5)
wherein: h is the lift of the water, and the unit is m; h is the static lift, and the unit m is the vertical height difference from the bottom of the gravity flow water storage tank to the water inlet pipe of the water lifting water storage irrigation device; l is the horizontal conveying distance of the water lifting, namely the unit m, namely the horizontal distance from the self-flowing water storage tank to the water lifting pipe of the water lifting, water storage and irrigation device; epsilon is the loss lift;
determining the model of the storage battery and the inverter and the model of the storage battery in the inverter assembly according to the model of the self-flow water storage tank submersible pump and the water lifting time; and determining the configuration of the solar panel according to the model numbers of the inverter and the storage battery and the local sunlight condition.
The water-lifting water-storage irrigation device is further optimized, the water-lifting water-storage irrigation device comprises a water-lifting water storage tank, the outer wall of the water-lifting water storage tank is sequentially connected with a water-lifting water storage tank overflow Hong Guan, a water-lifting water storage tank water inlet pipe, a water-lifting water storage tank sand discharge pipe and a water-lifting water storage tank water outlet pipe from top to bottom, the water-lifting water storage tank sand discharge pipe is provided with a water-lifting water storage tank sand discharge pipe valve, and the water-lifting water storage tank water outlet pipe is provided with a water-lifting water storage tank water outlet pipe valve; the top of the water pumping storage tank is provided with a water pumping storage tank door; the water inlet pipe of the water pumping storage tank is connected with the water outlet of the water pumping pipe; the water outlet pipe of the water pumping water storage tank is connected with the water inlet of the pressure-bearing irrigation pipe. When the water quantity entering the water pumping storage tank exceeds the storage capacity of the water tank, the surplus water quantity is discharged through a flood overflow pipe of the water pumping storage tank; when the sediment in the water pumping storage tank exceeds a set threshold value, the sediment is discharged by opening a sediment discharge pipe valve of the water pumping storage tank.
The volume of the water pumping storage tank is calculated by the following formula:
W＝w×1.2 (8)
wherein: w is the maximum water storage quantity of the pumping water storage tank and is in unit of m 3 ；Q I The water storage capacity of the I-th self-flow water storage tank is N, and the number of the self-flow water storage tanks is connected with the pumping water storage tank; PT is the number of days from middle to heavy rain in one year in the construction area byCounting meteorological data to obtain; w is the volume of the water storage tank for pumping water, and the unit is m 3 。
The irrigation area of the maximum water storage capacity of the water pumping storage tank is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: s is the irrigation area of the water quantity of the water storage tank for pumping water, and the unit hm 2 W is the water quantity of the pumping water storage tank and the unit m 3 ，
Irrigation quota for different agricultural lands or ecological restoration in construction area, unit m 3 /hm 2 。
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the invention, precipitation collection and convergence are carried out by utilizing stone bud ditches widely distributed on the stony desertification sloping fields, water collection is carried out in a self-flowing mode, according to the characteristics of local climate, water can be raised in a low-carbon and energy-saving mode by utilizing solar energy on sunny days at rainfall intervals, the problem of slope water potential height difference reverse flow is solved, a large amount of precipitation in karst stony desertification areas is stored at high topography without being limited by seasons and topography, and water can be sent to any section of the stony desertification slope at any required moment (including arid seasons) to realize full-slope agricultural production or ecological restoration irrigation.
In conclusion, the invention can solve the problem of rain and flood resource utilization in the karst stony desertification region by utilizing the self terrain and climate characteristics of the karst stony desertification region, has low carbon and energy conservation, and realizes full-slope agricultural production or multi-period ecological restoration irrigation.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the effect of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall side view of the precipitation collection irrigation system.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall top view of the precipitation collection irrigation system.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a drain sump structure.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the water collecting and lifting device.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a pumping water storage irrigation device.
Description of the drawings: 1. the water-saving and water-storing device comprises a ditch water collecting pool, a self-flowing water collecting pipe, a water collecting and lifting device, a water lifting pipe, a water lifting and water-storing irrigation device and a pressure-bearing irrigation pipe, wherein the ditch water collecting pool is provided with a water lifting pipe, a water lifting pipe and a water lifting pipe; 11. bare stone buds, 12, gravel ditches, 13, ditch water collecting baffles, 14 and ditch water collecting water outlet pipes; 31. the solar cell panel, 32, the storage battery and the inverter component, 33, the self-flowing water storage tank, 34, the self-flowing water storage tank door, 35, the self-flowing water storage tank water lifting outlet pipe, 36, the self-flowing water storage tank water inlet pipe, 37, the self-flowing water storage tank overflow Hong Guan, 38, the self-flowing water storage tank sand discharge pipe, 39, the sand sedimentation tank, 310, the sand sedimentation tank water inlet pipe, 311, the self-flowing water storage tank submersible pump, 312, the self-flowing water storage tank water level valve, 313 and the self-flowing water storage tank sand discharge pipe valve; 51. 52, hong Guan, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-3, a stony desertification slope stone bud ditch low-carbon precipitation collecting and irrigating method is carried out by adopting a precipitation collecting and irrigating system, wherein the precipitation collecting and irrigating system comprises a ditch water collecting tank 1, a self-flowing water collecting pipe 2, a water collecting and lifting device 3, a water lifting pipe 4, a water lifting and water storing and irrigating device 5 and a pressure-bearing irrigation pipe 6; each water collecting and lifting device 3 is connected with more than two ditch water collecting tanks 1 through a self-flowing water collecting pipe 2, and the position of each water collecting and lifting device 3 is lower than that of each ditch water collecting tank 1 connected with the water collecting and lifting device; the water collecting and pumping device 3 is connected with the pumping water storage irrigation device 5 through the pumping pipe 4, and the pumping pipe 4 is provided with a one-way valve to enable water to flow to the pumping water storage irrigation device 5 in a one-way manner; the position of the water-lifting water-storage irrigation device 5 is higher than the water-collecting water-lifting device 3 and the ditch water-collecting tank 1; the water outlet pipe of the water-lifting water-storing irrigation device 5 is connected with the pressure-bearing irrigation pipe 6.
As shown in fig. 4, the ditch water collecting tank 1 comprises an exposed stone bud 11, a deposited gravel ditch 12 connected with the bottom of the exposed stone bud, a ditch water collecting baffle 13 arranged at the outlet of the deposited gravel ditch, and a ditch water collecting outlet pipe 14 penetrating through the ditch water collecting baffle; the ditch water collecting and discharging pipe 14 is the same with the caliber of the self-flowing water collecting pipe 2 and is connected with the same. The cross section of the ditch water collecting baffle 13 is in a straight shape, an L shape or a concave shape, and is matched with the cross section of the outlet of the accumulated gravel ditch 12. In this embodiment, the shape of a straight line is adopted.
As shown in fig. 5, the water collecting and lifting device 3 includes: a gravity tank 33 and a sand sedimentation tank 39 communicated with the gravity tank; a sand sedimentation tank water inlet pipe 310 is arranged on one side of the sand sedimentation tank 39, the other side of the sand sedimentation tank 39 is communicated with a water inlet of a self-flow water storage tank water inlet pipe 36, and a water outlet of the self-flow water storage tank water inlet pipe 36 is connected with the rear wall surface of the self-flow water storage tank 33; the upper part and the lower part of the front wall surface of the self-flow water storage tank 33 are respectively provided with a self-flow water storage tank flood overflow pipe 37 and a self-flow water storage tank sand discharge pipe 38; the self-flow water storage tank sand discharge pipe 38 is provided with a self-flow water storage tank sand discharge pipe valve 313; the self-flow water storage tank 33 is internally provided with a self-flow water storage tank submerged pump 311 and a self-flow water storage tank water level valve 312 which are connected with each other, when the water quantity entering the self-flow water storage tank 33 is up to a set water level, the self-flow water storage tank water level valve 312 is excited, and the self-flow water storage tank submerged pump 311 starts to work; the outside of the self-flowing water storage tank 33 is also provided with a storage battery and inverter assembly 32 and a solar panel 31 connected with the same; the battery and inverter assembly 32 is electrically connected to the gravity flow reservoir submersible pump 311; the outlet of the self-flow water storage tank submerged pump 311 is connected with a self-flow water storage tank water lifting outlet pipe 35 extending out of the self-flow water storage tank; the rear wall of the self-flowing water storage tank 33 is also provided with a self-flowing water storage tank door 34; the water inlet of the sand sedimentation tank water inlet pipe 310 is connected with the water outlet of the self-flow water collecting pipe 2; the water outlet pipe 35 of the self-flowing water storage tank is connected with the water inlet of the water lifting pipe 4. More than two parallel sand sedimentation tank water inlet pipes 310 are arranged on one side of the sand sedimentation tank 39 at the same height, which is beneficial to improving the efficiency and is not easy to block the passage. The height of the sand sedimentation tank water inlet pipe 310 is the same as that of the gravity water storage tank water inlet pipe 36, the gravity water storage tank flood discharge pipe 37 is higher than the connection position of the gravity water storage tank water inlet pipe 36, and the gravity water storage tank sand discharge pipe 38 is lower than the connection position of the gravity water storage tank water inlet pipe 36, so that the setting is an optimization choice.
As shown in fig. 6, the water-pumping, water-storing and irrigating device 5 comprises a water-pumping water tank 51, wherein the outer wall of the water-pumping water tank 51 is sequentially connected with a water-pumping water tank flood-overflowing pipe 52, a water-pumping water tank water inlet pipe 53, a water-pumping water tank sand-discharging pipe 55 and a water-pumping water tank water outlet pipe 56 from top to bottom, the water-pumping water tank sand-discharging pipe 55 is provided with a water-pumping water tank sand-discharging pipe valve 58, and the water-pumping water tank water outlet pipe 56 is provided with a water-pumping water tank water outlet pipe valve 59; the top of the water-lifting storage tank 51 is provided with a water-lifting storage tank door 57; the water inlet pipe 53 of the pumping water storage tank is connected with the water outlet of the pumping pipe 4; the outlet pipe 56 of the water-lifting water storage tank is connected with the water inlet of the pressure-bearing irrigation pipe 6. In this embodiment, more than two water inlet pipes 53 of the water pumping storage tank are connected to the same side wall of the water pumping storage tank 51 in parallel at the same height. The flood overflow pipe 52, the sand discharge pipe 55 and the water outlet pipe 56 are positioned on the same side wall of the water tank 51 and on the adjacent side wall with the water inlet pipe 53, which is convenient for operation and maintenance. The water-lifting water-storing irrigation device 5 further comprises a water-lifting water-storing tank bracket 54 arranged below the water-lifting water storing tank 51, and the water-lifting water storing tank bracket 54 is additionally arranged when the slope height cannot meet the pressure-bearing irrigation.
The precipitation collection irrigation comprises the following steps:
step one, collecting precipitation in a water collecting pool of a ditch: during each precipitation, water flow is generated along the exposed stone buds 11, and is collected from the upper parts of the exposed stone buds, enters the gravel accumulation solution ditch 2, the gravel accumulation filters sediment in the water flow, and the water flow is gradually collected through the blocking water flow of the solution ditch water collecting baffle 13 and enters the self-flow water collecting pipe 2 through the solution ditch water collecting water outlet pipe 14.
Step two, self-flowing collection: the gravity flow water collecting pipe 2 connects the ditch water collecting ponds 1 of the stony desertification slope setting section, and the water flow of each ditch water collecting pond 1 is collected into the water collecting and lifting device 3 with lower position in a gravity flow mode.
Step three, collecting water and lifting water: the collected water flow enters a water collecting and pumping device 3 and is pumped into a pumping water storage irrigation device 5 at a higher position through a pumping pipe 4 after further sand sedimentation; and (3) counting local weather data, collecting water during rainfall, lifting water during sunny days at rainfall intervals, and supplying power for lifting water through the solar cell panel. The water flows into the sand sedimentation tank 39 through the gravity water collecting pipe 2 and the sand sedimentation tank water inlet pipe 310, and after sediment is settled, the water flows into the gravity water storage tank 33 through the gravity water storage tank water inlet pipe 36; when the amount of water entering the self-flowing water storage tank 33 exceeds the storage capacity of the water storage tank, the surplus water is discharged by the self-flowing water storage tank overflow pipe 37; when still sediment enters the gravity flow water storage tank 33, a sediment discharge pipe valve 313 of the gravity flow water storage tank is opened to discharge sediment; the self-flowing water storage box door 34 is used for manually cleaning sediment and overhauling equipment.
The volume of the self-flowing water storage tank is designed by the following formula:
q i ＝S i ×P×W×0.001 (1)
V I ＝Q I ×1.2 (3)
wherein q is i Maximum amount of precipitation per unit m for the ith ditch sump 3 ；S i The unit m is the bud area of the ith ditch water collecting tank 2 The orthographic projection area of continuous stone buds of a ditch water collecting tank is generally more than 2m 2 . The stone bud solution ditch on the stony desertification slope can generate DOM and DSM data (the precision is 2 cm) through unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey, the stone bud solution ditch position and orthographic projection area on the stony desertification slope are identified through the DOM data, and the stone bud and the solution ditch are distinguished through the DSM. P is the average daily precipitation per unit mm of the construction area for many years; w is the flow coefficient of the stone bud ditch, can be obtained through field observation experiments, and can be 80% when no experimental data exists.
In the water collecting and lifting system, a solar panel supplies power to a storage battery, and the storage battery supplies power to a submersible pump; when the submersible pump is of the ac type, an inverter is required to convert dc power to ac power. The arrangement of the solar cell panel, the storage battery and the submersible pump is related to the climate and the lift of the water lifting pipe in the construction area.
Model of the self-flow water storage tank submersible pump is determined according to calculated lift and flow: the flow is calculated as follows:
wherein: u (U) I Is the flow rate of the water, unit m 3 /h; t is the determined water raising time, the unit h is obtained by counting the rainfall interval time in the rainy season of the construction area;
the calculation formula of the lift is as follows:
H＝h+l×0.1+ε (5)
wherein: h is the lift of the water, and the unit is m; h is the net lift, and the unit is m, namely the vertical height difference from the bottom of the self-flow water storage tank to the water inlet pipe of the water-lifting water storage irrigation device; l is the horizontal conveying distance of the water lifting, namely the unit m, namely the horizontal distance from the self-flowing water storage tank to the water lifting pipe of the water lifting, water storage and irrigation device; epsilon is the loss lift; typically 6% to 9% of the net lift.
According to the lift and flow calculated in the formulas (4) and (5), the corresponding model of the submersible pump is found, parameters such as power, voltage and the like are determined, and the model of the self-flowing water storage tank submersible pump is selected; and configuring an inverter with corresponding voltage according to 1.5 times of power, and determining the model of the storage battery according to 1.5 times of water lifting time t. The configuration of the solar cell panel for charging the storage battery is also calculated according to the climate conditions of the construction area, and the charging working time is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein T is charging time, and the unit is h; delta T is the continuous sunny days of the construction area, the unit d is obtained by counting meteorological data of the construction area; t (T) s For the average sun-light hours of construction area, unit h,obtaining meteorological data through a construction area, and taking 6 hours when the meteorological data are absent, namely, effectively working a solar cell panel in 1 day of sunny day according to 6 hours;
the working efficiency of the solar panel is in units of the model of the solar panel.
Step four, irrigation: the water entering the water-lifting water-storing irrigation device 5 is delivered to any section of the stony desertification slope through the pressure-bearing irrigation pipe 6 at any time period according to the requirement, so as to carry out slope agricultural production or ecological restoration irrigation. When the water quantity entering the pumping water storage tank 51 exceeds the storage capacity of the water tank, the surplus water quantity is discharged through a pumping water storage tank overflow pipe 52; when the sediment in the pumping water storage tank 51 exceeds the set threshold, the pumping water storage tank door 57 is used for cleaning sediment and overhauling by opening the pumping water storage tank sediment discharge pipe valve 58 to discharge sediment. The outlet pipe of the water pumping storage tank is connected with a pressure-bearing irrigation water pipe, and agricultural production or ecological restoration irrigation is completed by opening the outlet pipe valve of the water pumping storage tank.
The volume of the water-lifting storage tank 51 is calculated by the following formula:
W＝w×1.2 (8)
wherein: w is the maximum water storage quantity of the pumping water storage tank and is in unit of m 3 ；Q I The water storage capacity of the I-th self-flow water storage tank is N, and the number of the self-flow water storage tanks is connected with the pumping water storage tank; PT is the number of days from middle to heavy rain in one year in the construction area, and is obtained through weather data statistics; w is the volume of the water storage tank for pumping water, and the unit is m 3 。
The irrigation area of the maximum water storage capacity of the water pumping storage tank is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: s is the water quantity of the water storage tankArea of irrigation, hm 2 W is the water quantity of the pumping water storage tank and the unit m 3 ，
Irrigation quota for different agricultural lands or ecological restoration in construction area, unit m 3 /hm 2 . The method is obtained through stony desertification slope field experiments, and can also refer to agricultural water standards and ecological restoration water standards in construction areas.
Finally, it should be noted that the above only illustrates the technical solution of the present invention and is not limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred arrangement, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A low-carbon precipitation collecting and irrigating method for stony desertification slope stony bud ditches is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the steps of adopting a precipitation collecting and irrigating system, wherein the precipitation collecting and irrigating system comprises a ditch water collecting tank (1), a self-flowing water collecting pipe (2), a water collecting and lifting device (3), a water lifting pipe (4), a water lifting and water storing irrigating device (5) and a pressure-bearing irrigating pipe (6); each water collecting and lifting device (3) is connected with more than two ditch water collecting tanks (1) through a self-flowing water collecting pipe (2), and the position of each water collecting and lifting device (3) is lower than that of each ditch water collecting tank (1) connected with the water collecting and lifting device; the water collecting and pumping device (3) is connected with the pumping water storage and irrigation device (5) through the pumping water pipe (4), and the pumping water pipe (4) is provided with a one-way valve to enable water to flow to the pumping water storage and irrigation device (5) in a one-way manner; the position of the water-lifting water-storage irrigation device (5) is higher than the water-collecting water-lifting device (3) and the ditch water-collecting tank (1); the water outlet pipe of the water pumping and storing irrigation device (5) is connected with the pressure-bearing irrigation pipe (6); the ditch water collecting tank (1) comprises exposed stone buds (11), a gravel accumulation ditch (12) connected with the bottoms of the exposed stone buds, a ditch water collecting baffle (13) arranged at the outlet of the gravel accumulation ditch and a ditch water collecting water outlet pipe (14) penetrating through the ditch water collecting baffle; the ditch water collecting and discharging pipe (14) is connected with a water inlet of the self-flow water collecting pipe (2); the water collecting and lifting device (3) is provided with a water storage part and a sand settling part connected with the water storage part, and is powered by a solar panel;
the precipitation collection irrigation comprises the following steps:
step one, collecting precipitation in a water collecting pool of a ditch: when each time of precipitation, water flows along the exposed stone buds (11), the water flows are collected from the upper parts of the exposed stone buds and enter a gravel accumulation dissolving groove (2), sediment in the water flows is filtered out by the gravel accumulation, and the water flows are gradually collected through a blocking water collecting baffle (13) of the dissolving groove and enter a self-flow water collecting pipe (2) through a water collecting water outlet pipe (14) of the dissolving groove;
step two, self-flowing collection: the self-flow water collecting pipe (2) connects all the ditch water collecting ponds (1) of the stony desertification slope setting section, and the water flow of each ditch water collecting pond (1) is collected into a water collecting and lifting device (3) with a lower position in a self-flow mode;
step three, collecting water and lifting water: the collected water flow enters a water collecting and pumping device (3) and is pumped into a pumping water storage irrigation device (5) at a higher position through a pumping pipe (4) after further sand sedimentation; counting local weather data, collecting water during rainfall, pumping water during sunny days at rainfall intervals, and supplying power for pumping water through a solar panel;
step four, irrigation: the water entering the water-lifting water-storing irrigation device (5) is delivered to any section of the stony desertification slope through the pressure-bearing irrigation pipe (6) at any time period according to the requirement, so as to carry out slope agricultural production or ecological restoration irrigation.
2. The stony desertification slope stone bud ditch low-carbon precipitation collection irrigation method according to claim 1, wherein the water collection and lifting device (3) comprises: a self-flowing water storage tank (33) and a sand sedimentation tank (39) communicated with the self-flowing water storage tank; one side of the sand sedimentation tank (39) is provided with a sand sedimentation tank water inlet pipe (310), the other side of the sand sedimentation tank (39) is communicated with a water inlet of a self-flow water storage tank water inlet pipe (36), and a water outlet of the self-flow water storage tank water inlet pipe (36) is connected with the rear wall surface of the self-flow water storage tank (33); the upper part and the lower part of the front wall surface of the self-flow water storage tank (33) are respectively provided with a self-flow water storage tank overflow Hong Guan (37) and a self-flow water storage tank sand discharge pipe (38); the self-flow water storage tank sand discharge pipe (38) is provided with a self-flow water storage tank sand discharge pipe valve (313); the self-flowing water storage tank (33) is internally provided with a self-flowing water storage tank submerged pump (311) and a self-flowing water storage tank water level valve (312) which are connected with each other; the outside of the self-flow water storage tank (33) is also provided with a storage battery and inverter assembly (32) and a solar panel (31) connected with the storage battery and inverter assembly for supplying energy to a submerged pump (311) of the self-flow water storage tank; an outlet of the self-flow water storage tank submersible pump (311) is connected with a self-flow water storage tank water lifting outlet pipe (35) extending out of the self-flow water storage tank; the rear wall of the self-flowing water storage tank (33) is also provided with a self-flowing water storage tank door (34); the water inlet of the sand sedimentation tank water inlet pipe (310) is connected with the water outlet of the self-flow water collecting pipe (2); the water lifting outlet pipe (35) of the self-flow water storage tank is connected with the water inlet of the water lifting pipe (4);
in the third step, water flows into a sand sedimentation tank (39) through a self-flow water collecting pipe (2) and a sand sedimentation tank water inlet pipe (310), and after sediment is settled, the water flows into a self-flow water storage tank (33) through a self-flow water storage tank water inlet pipe (36); when the water quantity entering the self-flow water storage tank (33) exceeds the storage quantity of the water tank, the surplus water quantity is discharged by the self-flow water storage tank overflow Hong Guan (37); when still sediment enters the gravity flow water storage tank (33), a sediment discharge pipe valve (313) of the gravity flow water storage tank is opened to discharge the sediment.
3. The method for collecting and irrigating low-carbon precipitation in stone bud solution ditches of stony desertification slopes according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the volume of the self-flowing water storage tank is designed by the following formula:
q i ＝S i ×P×W×0.001 (1)
V I ＝Q I ×1.2 (3)
wherein: q i Maximum amount of precipitation per unit m for the ith ditch sump 3 ；S i The unit m is the bud area of the ith ditch water collecting tank 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the P is the average daily precipitation per unit mm of the construction area for many years; w is the flow coefficient of the stone bud ditch; q (Q) I For the I-th self-flowing cisternWater storage capacity, unit m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the n is the number of the ditch water collecting tanks connected with the self-flow water storage tank; v (V) I Is the volume of the I-th self-flowing water storage tank, the unit is m 3 。
4. A stony desertification slope stone bud ditch low-carbon precipitation collection irrigation method according to claim 3, wherein: model of the self-flow water storage tank submersible pump is determined according to calculated lift and flow: the flow is calculated as follows:
wherein: u (U) I Is the flow rate of the water, unit m 3 /h; t is the determined water lifting time, and the unit is h;
the calculation formula of the lift is as follows:
H＝h+l×0.1+ε (5)
wherein: h is the lift of the water, and the unit is m; h is the net lift, and the unit is m, namely the vertical height difference from the bottom of the self-flow water storage tank to the water inlet pipe of the water-lifting water storage irrigation device; l is the horizontal conveying distance of the water lifting, namely the unit m, namely the horizontal distance from the self-flowing water storage tank to the water lifting pipe of the water lifting, water storage and irrigation device; epsilon is the loss lift;
determining the model of the storage battery and the inverter and the model of the storage battery in the inverter assembly according to the model of the self-flow water storage tank submersible pump and the water lifting time; and determining the configuration of the solar panel according to the model numbers of the inverter and the storage battery and the local sunlight condition.
5. The method for collecting and irrigating low-carbon precipitation in stone bud solution ditches of stony desertification slopes according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water pumping, storing and irrigating device (5) comprises a water pumping storage tank (51), wherein the outer wall of the water pumping storage tank (51) is sequentially connected with a water pumping storage tank overflow Hong Guan (52), a water pumping storage tank water inlet pipe (53), a water pumping storage tank sand discharge pipe (55) and a water pumping storage tank water outlet pipe (56) from top to bottom, the water pumping storage tank sand discharge pipe (55) is provided with a water pumping storage tank sand discharge pipe valve (58), and the water pumping storage tank water outlet pipe (56) is provided with a water pumping storage tank water outlet pipe valve (59); the top of the water pumping storage tank (51) is provided with a water pumping storage tank door (57); a water inlet pipe (53) of the water pumping storage tank is connected with a water outlet of the water pumping pipe (4); the water outlet pipe (56) of the water pumping water storage tank is connected with the water inlet of the pressure-bearing irrigation pipe (6):
in the fourth step: when the water quantity entering the water pumping storage tank (51) exceeds the storage quantity of the water tank, the surplus water quantity is discharged through the water pumping storage tank overflow Hong Guan (52); when the sediment in the water pumping storage tank (51) exceeds a set threshold value, the sediment is discharged by opening a sediment discharge pipe valve (58) of the water pumping storage tank.
6. The method for collecting and irrigating low-carbon precipitation in stone bud solution ditches of stony desertification slopes as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the volume of the pumping water storage tank (51) is calculated by the following formula:
W＝w×1.2 (8)
wherein: w is the maximum water storage quantity of the pumping water storage tank and is in unit of m 3 ；Q I The water storage capacity of the I-th self-flow water storage tank is N, and the number of the self-flow water storage tanks is connected with the pumping water storage tank; PT is the number of days from middle to heavy rain in one year in the construction area, and is obtained through weather data statistics; w is the volume of the water storage tank for pumping water, and the unit is m 3 。
7. The method for collecting and irrigating low-carbon precipitation in stone bud furrows of stony desertification slopes as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the irrigation area of the maximum water storage capacity of the water pumping storage tank is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: s is the irrigation area of the water quantity of the water storage tank for pumping water, and the unit hm 2 W is the water quantity of the pumping water storage tank and the unit m 3 ，
Irrigation quota for different agricultural lands or ecological restoration in construction area, unit m 3 /hm 2 。
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