CN108035397A - A kind of collection method and irrigation system suitable for karst scar runoff - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a collection method and irrigation system suitable for rock surface runoff in karst areas. The steps are: A. Try to find rocks with flat rock surfaces in the middle of the mountain, and use cement mortar to build surrounding water ridges on the top; B. At the rock-soil interface, use cement mortar to build strips of cement on the rock surface, and insert L-shaped polyvinyl chloride strips in parallel to form a water receiving tank; C. Connect the orifice on the water receiving tank with the water collection bucket, and the water collection bucket is placed on the mountain In the middle, the mixing bucket is placed at the lower part of the mountain and higher than the field, and the water collection bucket and the mixing bucket are connected by a water pipe; D. Excavate a round hole in the field where irrigation is required, insert a prefabricated PVC round pipe and fill the gap The litter and leaves are finally connected to the mixing tank and the prefabricated polyvinyl chloride round pipe with a water pipe. The invention alleviates the pressure of few sources of surface water resources when irrigating karst slopes, solves the problems of single irrigation methods and low efficiency on the slopes, and reduces the amount of water and soil loss on the slopes to a certain extent.

Description

A collection method and irrigation system suitable for rock surface runoff in karst areas

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical fields of slope hydrology, soil and water conservation and agricultural irrigation, and more specifically relates to a method suitable for collecting rock surface runoff in karst areas, and also relates to a system suitable for irrigating with rock surface runoff in karst areas. It is suitable for guiding the production practice of making full use of limited surface water resources in karst arid areas, and it is also suitable for scientific research and water conservancy departments to conduct systematic measurement and research of slope hydrological processes and water transport under natural and human influences.

Background technique

In the karst region of Southwest China, although there is abundant rainfall, the slope soil layer is shallow and has weak water storage capacity, coupled with abundant karst pores and fissure structures, a large amount of surface water leakage, and deep groundwater burial. The problem of water shortage has always restricted the social and economic development of the region. the "bottleneck". Aiming at common problems such as drought in autumn, winter and spring in karst areas, and shortage of water for production and living, predecessors have proposed many runoff collection and utilization technologies suitable for slopes and depressions in karst areas, such as water cellars, water tanks, and storage pools. Surface runoff and important engineering facilities for efficient use of rainwater resources play an important role in industrial and agricultural production and ecological environment construction. However, the cost of similar engineering facilities is relatively high, and most of them are built in densely populated areas, and some slope farmlands for agricultural activities are far away from water cellars or other water sources, so the problem of water use for irrigation of slope farmlands has not been fully resolved.

Through field investigation, it is found that many slopes in the karst area have been artificially reclaimed and then cultivated. The degree of soil erosion and rocky desertification is serious, and the rock exposure rate is very high. Studies have shown that in sloping cultivated land with high bare rock coverage, surface rocks can receive most of the rainfall and convert it into rock runoff, which is an important slope runoff model in karst areas. Moreover, the runoff on the rock surface is relatively abundant, which significantly affects the soil moisture near the rock. Through interviews and surveys, we learned that the irrigation of the local sloping farmland is basically "depending on the weather", or excavating sumps on the slopes to collect rainfall for irrigation, or using the power of the engine to pump water, but the overall efficiency is not high. Therefore, according to the local characteristics, collecting the rich rock surface runoff on slope farmland according to local conditions can greatly facilitate the irrigation of crops near slope farmland, and is of great significance to solve the problem of agricultural water irrigation on slope farmland in karst areas.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method suitable for collecting rock surface runoff in karst areas. The method is simple and easy to operate, and the required materials are common and low in cost. The method can effectively and continuously collect rock surface runoff and collect store. The present invention combines regional characteristics, focuses on rock surface runoff water resources that are rarely concerned, and solves the problem of difficult collection of karst rock surface runoff.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a system suitable for irrigating in karst areas using rock surface runoff. The system makes full use of the characteristics of karst terrain and considers the characteristics of karst soil water seepage faster, and utilizes the collected rock surface runoff to Irrigate nearby fields. The invention solves the problem of single irrigation mode and low efficiency on the karst slope surface, and provides technical means for the full development and rational utilization of limited water resources in such areas.

A collection method applicable to rock surface runoff in karst areas, the steps of which are:

A. Look for rocks with a flat rock surface in the exposed rock area in the middle of the mountain, and use cement mortar around the rocks to build the surrounding water ridge with a height of 10cm. Fill up the pits in the area of the surrounding water ridge. Open a 2cm orifice on the surrounding water ridge near the confluence, so that the rainwater will flow out along the rock surface after coming out of the orifice;

B. Near the soil-rock boundary, use cement mortar to build masonry on the rock surface. From the left end of the rock to the right end, the cement shape is long strip, 4cm wide, 3cm thick, and maintain a slope of 5°. When the cement mortar has a certain degree of plasticity, insert an L-shaped polyvinyl chloride strip with a width of 6cm, and cut off a 5cm L-shaped polyvinyl chloride strip at the place where there are bulges and turns for transition. The L-shaped polyvinyl chloride strip is parallel to the cement, and its two ends are blocked with cement, and an orifice of 2 cm is opened on the cement at the lowest part of the L-shaped polyvinyl chloride strip, and a 10 cm plastic pipe is connected. After the cement and the L-shaped polyvinyl chloride strip are firmly bonded, the gap between the polyvinyl chloride strip and the cement and the gap between the polyvinyl chloride strips are sealed with silicone glue to form a water-tight sink;

C. Connect the plastic pipe on the water tank to the water inlet of the water collection bucket. The diameter of the water inlet of the water collection bucket is 2cm. Open a hole with a diameter of 2cm near the bottom of the water collection bucket as the water outlet. The water outlet is 5cm higher than the bottom of the water collection bucket. And a valve is installed on the water outlet, and the water inlet and the water outlet direction of the water collecting bucket are not on the same straight line. Arrange tarpaulins around the opening of the water collection bucket. The tarpaulin is cut in a fan shape, one end is connected to the opening of the water collection bucket, and the other end extends to the periphery. The tarpaulin has a slope of 10-20° to increase the water collection efficiency.

In the above steps, the key step is to build long strips of cement on the rock near the rock-soil interface. The heterogeneity of karst limestone is relatively high, and the plasticity of cement mortar can better overcome problems such as various rock shapes, uneven surfaces, and many cracks. In addition, the cement mortar has a certain degree of plasticity before solidification, and L-shaped polyvinyl chloride strips can be embedded in it to form a water tank, thereby overcoming the problem that rock surface flow is not easy to collect.

The beneficial technical effect of the present invention is that it provides a collection method suitable for rock surface runoff in karst areas, which alleviates the pressure of shortage of surface water resources on karst slopes. At the same time, it provides technical support for related research on rock runoff in karst areas, such as the erosion process of rock face runoff on the soil-rock interface, and the impact of rock face flow on soil moisture and nutrients in rock niches.

A system suitable for irrigating with rock surface flow in karst areas. The system includes: building a surrounding water ridge with cement mortar around the rock and filling up the pits, and digging out water on the surrounding water ridge at the water collection point. Shuikou. Use cement mortar to build strips of cement along the rock surface. After the cement mortar has plasticity, insert L-shaped polyvinyl chloride strips parallel to it, and seal the joint with silicone glue. The first water outlet is arranged on the L-shaped polyvinyl chloride strip, the first water outlet is connected with the water delivery pipe, and the other end of the water delivery pipe is connected with the first water inlet of the water collection bucket. Set the second water outlet under the water collection bucket, the second water outlet is connected with the first polyvinyl chloride round pipe, the first valve is installed at the end of the first polyvinyl chloride round pipe, the first valve is connected with the second water inlet on the mixing barrel They are connected by water pipes, the third water outlet is set at the bottom of the mixing tank, and connected with the second polyvinyl chloride round pipe, the second valve is installed at the end of the second polyvinyl chloride round pipe, and the second valve is connected with the water pipe. The other end of the water delivery pipe is connected to the prefabricated polyvinyl chloride round pipe in the irrigation area, and the joint between the orifice and the water delivery pipe is sealed with silicone glue.

In this system, the key point is that the location of the water collection bucket should be higher than the mixing bucket, and the location of the mixing bucket should be higher than the field irrigation area, so as to satisfy the water flow to obtain self-flowing power and improve irrigation efficiency.

The beneficial technical effect of the present invention is that it provides an irrigation system suitable for rock surface runoff in karst areas, fully utilizes the limited water resources of karst slopes, and greatly improves the efficiency of slope irrigation.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a method suitable for collecting rock surface runoff in karst areas.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a water collecting bucket.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an irrigation system suitable for karst areas using runoff from rock faces.

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a prefabricated polyvinyl chloride round pipe.

Among them: 1-rock, 2-surrounding water ridge, 3-cement mortar, 4-L-shaped polyvinyl chloride strip, 5-silicone glue, 6, first water outlet, 7-water delivery pipe, 8-water collection bucket, 9- The first valve, 10-the first water inlet, 11-the second water outlet, 12-tarpaulin, 13-the first polyvinyl chloride round pipe, 14-the second polyvinyl chloride round pipe, 15-mixing barrel, 16- The second water inlet, 17-the third water outlet, 18-the second valve, 19-prefabricated polyvinyl chloride round pipe.

Detailed ways

Example 1:

A method suitable for collecting runoff from rock faces in karst areas, the steps of which are:

The first step is to try to choose well-developed rocks with relatively flat rock surfaces in the exposed rock areas of karst slopes1. Around the top of the rock 1, use cement mortar 3 to build the surrounding water ridge 2, and the surrounding water ridge 2 is about 10 cm high, and the pit on the rock 1 top is filled with cement with cement mortar 3 simultaneously. In the place where the rainwater gathers, an orifice of about 2 cm is opened on the surrounding water ridge 2, so that the rainwater can discharge down along the rock surface after coming out of the orifice.

The second step is to select the rock face that water flows down, and below the rock face, close to the soil-rock boundary, use cement mortar to build strip cement on the rock face with cement mortar 3, and start building from the left end of the rock face until the right end. The strip cement is about 4cm wide and 3cm thick, and maintains a slope of about ^5o . When the cement mortar 3 has a certain degree of plasticity, insert an L-shaped polyvinyl chloride strip 4 with a width of 6 cm and a thickness of 5 mm parallel to it, and cut a small section of the L-shaped polyvinyl chloride strip 4 at the place where there are bulges and turns for transition. Block the two ends of the L-shaped polyvinyl chloride strip 4 with cement mortar 3, and simultaneously open a first water outlet 6 of about 2 cm on the cement at the lowest point of the L-shaped polyvinyl chloride strip, and connect it with a section of about 10 cm long water outlet. Water pipe 7 links to each other. When the strip cement and the L-shaped polyvinyl chloride strip 4 are bonded firmly, the gap between the polyvinyl chloride strip and the cement and the gap between the polyvinyl chloride strips are sealed with silicone glue.

The third step is to connect the water delivery pipe 7 on the water receiving tank with the first water inlet 10 on the water collecting bucket 8 . The first water inlet 10 has a diameter of about 2 cm, and another hole with a diameter of about 2 cm is dug at a place 5 cm above the bottom of the water collecting bucket 8 as the second water outlet 11, and the first polyvinyl chloride round pipe is first installed on the second water outlet 11 13. Install the first valve 9 on the first polyvinyl chloride round pipe 13. The direction of the first water inlet 10 and the second water outlet 11 of the water collecting bucket 8 is not on the same straight line, and the second water outlet 11 is 5 cm higher than the bottom to avoid silt clogging. Arrange tarpaulin 12 along the periphery of the opening of water collecting bucket 8, one section of tarpaulin 12 is connected to the opening, and the other end extends to the periphery and is fixed at a place about 1m higher than the opening, so that tarpaulin 12 has a certain slope (about 10-20 °) , to increase water collection efficiency.

The invention solves the problem of collecting rock surface flow, and alleviates the pressure of less sources of surface water resources in karst slopes.

Example 2:

The applicant conducted experiments at the Huanjiang Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County, Hechi City, Guangxi from August 2017 to November 2017. In the field, the above-mentioned method was used to build a rock surface flow collection tank, and the tipping bucket rain gauge was used to Long-term quantitative monitoring of runoff on rock surfaces. By searching the meteorological data of the research station, the rainfall data from August to October can be obtained. Among them, daily rainfall (ml) = daily rainfall mm × rock surface area, collection efficiency = rock face runoff/rainfall. The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Test data

date Rainfall (ml) Rock surface runoff (ml) Collection efficiency (%) 17.8.23 32000 5000 15.6 17.8.24 196000 30600 15.6 17.8.25 28800 8700 30.3 17.8.27 8400 1500 42.9 17.8.28 241600 51000 21.1 17.8.29 57600 9500 16.5 17.9.05 64000 7200 11.3 17.9.08 348800 108800 31.2 17.9.11 72000 8200 11.4 17.9.12 60800 8000 13.2 17.9.20 171200 59500 34.8 17.9.26 62400 8000 12.8 17.10.02 35200 2600 7.4 17.10.05 140800 33100 23.5 17.10.08 48000 11000 22.9 total 1567600 352700 22.5

Note: After the rock surface area is measured, it is calculated as 8m ² .

It can be seen from Table 1 that the efficiency of collecting rock surface flow by the method of the present invention reaches 22.5%, and more importantly, the amount of water collected is relatively considerable, reaching 352.7m ³ , so it is necessary to collect rock surface flow in exposed rock areas on karst slopes. And this method is worth practicing.

Its implementation steps are identical with embodiment 1.

Example: 3:

A system suitable for irrigation with rock face runoff in karst areas, its use process is:

In the first step, after the rock surface runoff is collected in the exposed rock area in the middle of the mountain and enters the water collection bucket 8, the silt is left to stand and stored. Place a plastic mixing bucket 15 at the bottom of the mountain and slightly higher than the field irrigation area, and the mixing bucket 15 is designed to be similar to the water collecting bucket 8 as shown in Figure 3. One end of the water delivery pipe 7 is connected with the first valve 9 , and the other end is connected with the second water inlet 16 . The second polyvinyl chloride round pipe 14 is connected to the third water outlet 17 of the mixing bucket 15 , and the second valve 18 is connected to the second polyvinyl chloride round pipe 14 . Get a water delivery pipe 7 that is long enough (depending on the distance from the mixing bucket to the irrigation area), a section of the water delivery pipe 7 is connected with the second valve 18, and the water delivery pipe 7 other end extends to the field irrigation area.

The second step is to excavate a circular hole with a diameter of about 10 cm and a depth of about 30 cm in the place where the field irrigation area needs to be irrigated, and insert a prefabricated polyvinyl chloride round pipe 19 (as shown in Figure 4 ) with a diameter of 5 cm and a length of 40 cm, and in the gap Fill the place with litter, straw or soil. Just punch 2-3 similar round holes in each irrigation place. When collecting rock surface runoff in the rock exposed area in the middle of the mountain to meet irrigation, at first close the second valve 18 of the mixing bucket 15, you can add fertilizer in the plastic bucket according to the needs of farmers, then open the first valve 9 of the water collection bucket 8, and the water flow is Under the action of gravity, it reaches the mixing tank 15 and is fully mixed with the fertilizer. Open the second valve 18 of the mixing bucket 15 water outlets again, the water delivery pipe 7 that the second valve 18 is connected with it is inserted in the prefabricated polyvinyl chloride circular pipe 19 buried in the field, and irrigates. Promptly stop when water level in the prefabricated polyvinyl chloride circular pipe 19 descends slowly, carry out the irrigation of next place.

Through the above measures, the rock surface runoff reaches the field area under the action of gravity, and can be mixed with fertilizer before irrigation, which not only makes full use of the limited water resources on the slope, but also improves the irrigation effect and efficiency.

Example 4:

According to Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, and Figure 4, it can be seen that a system suitable for irrigation by rock surface runoff in karst areas includes rock 1, surrounding water ridge 2, cement mortar 3, and L-shaped polyvinyl chloride strips 4. Silicone glue 5, first water outlet 6, water pipe 7, prefabricated water collection bucket 8, first valve 9, first water inlet 10, second water outlet 11, tarpaulin 12, first polyvinyl chloride round pipe 13. The second polyvinyl chloride round pipe 14, the mixing tank 15, the second water inlet 16, the third water outlet 17, the second valve 18, and the prefabricated polyvinyl chloride round pipe 19. The connection relationship is: on top of the rock 1 Cement mortar 3 is used to build the surrounding water ridge 2 around the surrounding area. At the place close to the soil-rock boundary, cement mortar 3 is used to build strips of cement along the surface of rock 1. After the cement mortar 3 has a certain plasticity, the L The type polyvinyl chloride strip 4 is inserted into the cement mortar 3, and the joint is sealed with silicone glue 5. The first water outlet 6 is arranged on the cement at the lowest part of the L-shaped polyvinyl chloride strip 4 . The first water outlet 6 is connected to one end of the water delivery pipe 7, and the other end of the water delivery pipe 7 is connected to the first water inlet 10 of the water collection bucket 8, and a tarpaulin 12 is arranged along the opening of the water collection bucket 8, and a second water outlet is arranged below it 11. The second water outlet 11 is connected with the first polyvinyl chloride circular pipe 13, and the first valve 9 is installed at the end of the first polyvinyl chloride circular pipe 13. A second water inlet 16 is set on the top of the mixing bucket 15, and the second water inlet 16 is connected with the first valve 9 with a water delivery pipe 7. A third water outlet 17 is set at the bottom of the mixing bucket 15, and the third water outlet 17 is connected to the first valve 9. Divinyl chloride round pipe 14 is connected, and the second valve 18 is installed at the second polyvinyl chloride round pipe 14 end, and the second valve 18 is connected with a long enough (depending on the distance from the mixing drum to the irrigation area) water delivery pipe 7 Link to each other, and the other end of the water delivery pipe 7 links to each other with the prefabricated polyvinyl chloride circular pipe 19 in the irrigation area. The junction of the orifice and the water pipe is sealed with silicone glue 5.

Through the above measures, the rock surface runoff collected by the water receiving tank will be stored in the water collection bucket. When the amount of water in the water collection bucket in the middle of the mountain is enough to meet the field irrigation in the lower part of the mountain, open the valve of the water collection bucket, and the water flow will first reach the mixing bucket under the action of its own weight, and stir and mix with the fertilizer. Open the valve of the mixing bucket again, and the water flow is led to the field for irrigation. This measure can greatly improve the efficiency of irrigation.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of collection method suitable for karst scar runoff, its step are：

A. the smooth rock of scar is selected in the middle part of massif, the surrounding above rock encloses the water ridge with masonry of cement mortar, encloses water The high 10cm in the ridge, the pit enclosed in the range of the water ridge is filled and led up, and is enclosed water ridge Shang Kai2cm apertures at rainwater catchment, is made rainwater from hole Along rock surface aerial drainage after mouthful out；

B. in native stone boundary, strip cement is built by laying bricks or stones from left end to right end in rock surface, treat that cement mortar has with cement mortar There is certain plasticity, be inserted into the L-type polyvinyl chloride bar that width is 6cm in parallel therewith, having protuberance, turning, intercepting the L of 5cm Type polyvinyl chloride bar carries out transition, and L-type polyvinyl chloride bar is parallel with cement, in 5^oThe gradient, the both ends of L-type polyvinyl chloride bar With grout off, the aperture of 2cm is opened on the cement of L-type polyvinyl chloride bar, and connects the water-supply-pipe of 10cm, treats cement and L-type Polyvinyl chloride bar bonding is firm, and the seam between polyvinyl chloride bar and the gap of cement and polyvinyl chloride bar is sealed by silicone adhesive Gap, forms watertight raggle；

C. dust-collecting bucket is placed below rock, by the water inlet of the water-supply-pipe on raggle and dust-collecting bucket connect, dust-collecting bucket into Mouth of a river diameter 2cm, close to the aperture that a diameter 2cm is opened in bottom is water outlet in dust-collecting bucket, water outlet is higher than bottom of the barrel of catchmenting Oilcloth on the same line, is not cut into sector by 5cm, and valve is installed on water outlet, water inlet and water outlet direction, its One end is connected with the opening of dust-collecting bucket, and the other end extends to periphery, and hangs over the eminence of 1m higher than opening, and oilcloth has 10-20^o's The gradient, increases the efficiency catchmented.

2. a kind of system irrigated suitable for karst using scar runoff described in claim 1, the system bag Include rock（1）, enclose the water ridge（2）, cement mortar（3）, L-type polyvinyl chloride bar（4）, silicone adhesive（5）, the first water outlet（6）, water delivery Pipe（7）, prefabricated dust-collecting bucket（8）, the first valve（9）, the first water inlet（10）, the second water outlet（11）, oil skin（12）, One polyvinyl chloride pipe（13）, the second polyvinyl chloride pipe（14）, agitator（15）, the second water inlet（16）, the 3rd water outlet （17）, the second valve（18）, prefabricated polyvinyl chloride pipe（19）, it is characterised in that：In rock（1）Surrounding cement bonded sand on top Slurry（3）Build by laying bricks or stones and enclose the water ridge（2）, use cement mortar（3）Cement into strips is built by laying bricks or stones along rock surface, treats cement mortar（3）Have After plasticity, in parallel therewith by L-type polyvinyl chloride bar（4）It is inserted, and uses silicone adhesive（5）Junction is sealed, is gathered in L-type Vinyl chloride bar（4）The first water outlet of upper laying（6）, the first water outlet（6）With water-supply-pipe（7）It is connected, water-supply-pipe（7）The other end Connect dust-collecting bucket（8）The first water inlet（10）, in dust-collecting bucket（7）Opening connection oil skin (12), and set thereunder Second water outlet（11）, the second water outlet（11）With the first polyvinyl chloride pipe（13）It is connected, in the first polyvinyl chloride pipe （13）End is installed by the first valve（9）, the first valve（9）With agitator（15）On the second water inlet（16）Between use water-supply-pipe （7）Connection, in agitator（15）Bottom sets the 3rd water outlet（17）, and with the second polyvinyl chloride pipe（14）Connection, the Two polyvinyl chloride pipes（14）End is installed by the second valve（18）, the second valve（18）With water-supply-pipe（7）It is connected, water-supply-pipe（7） The other end and irrigation district prefabricated polyvinyl chloride pipe（19）It is connected, silicone adhesive is used in the junction of aperture and water-supply-pipe（5） Sealing.

3. a kind of system irrigated suitable for karst using scar runoff according to claim 2, it is special Sign is：The scar runoff collected in the middle part of massif enters dust-collecting bucket（8）Afterwards, dust-collecting bucket is opened（8）On the first valve（9）, Current can be obtained from the agitator that mobilization force flows into massif lower part（15）, open agitator（15）On the second valve（18）, water Stream reaches field irrigation area under the effect of gravity.