CN104563070A - Sloping field rainwater collection and in-place gravity irrigation system and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Sloping field rainwater collection and in-place gravity irrigation system and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104563070A CN104563070A CN201410795778.6A CN201410795778A CN104563070A CN 104563070 A CN104563070 A CN 104563070A CN 201410795778 A CN201410795778 A CN 201410795778A CN 104563070 A CN104563070 A CN 104563070A
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009328 dry farming Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008521 reorganization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B13/00—Irrigation ditches, i.e. gravity flow, open channel water distribution systems
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a sloping field rainwater collection and in-place gravity irrigation system and a construction method thereof. The sloping field rainwater collection and in-place gravity irrigation system comprises a water guiding membrane, a rain collection underdrain, a water filter pipe, a water storage membrane bag and a water-saving irrigation pipe, wherein the water guiding membrane is paved at the bottom part and the two sides of the rain collection underdrain, the rain collection underdrain is allocated on a gentle slope along a contour line, the water filter pipe is arranged in the rain collection underdrain and is connected with the water storage membrane bag, a device for releasing medicament is attached to the water storage membrane bag, a water outlet is formed in the bottom part of the water storage membrane bag, and a ventilation hole is formed in the top part of the water storage membrane bag. According to the sloping field rainwater collection and in-place gravity irrigation system disclosed by the invention, natural rainfalls which are not uniformly distributed in both space and time can be accumulated and can be converted into a water resource which can be freely controlled and efficiently utilized, the gentle slope is changed into an irrigation land, and favorable conditions are provided for irrigation on dry farming in the gentle slope and organic mountain vegetable planting.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to irrigation technique field, hillside fields, relate to a kind of hillside fields rainwater-collecting gravity irrigation system on the spot and construction method thereof.
Background technology
The conventional method that hillside fields is irrigated adopts intercepting drain and water cellar to collect exactly and saves rainwater or often adopt pond on a hill retaining in south, then adopts the method for pump irrigation by pumping.Water cellar has the advantage that its material price is cheap, but also has following shortcoming:
(1) intercepting drain is open drain, takes up an area more, comparatively large on the vegetation deterioration in hillside fields, comparatively large on the impact of the facilities such as road, and flood enters the silt that ditch brings and easily silts ditch and water cellar up.As arranged grit chamber, then except wanting this fixation means of design arrangement, but also periodic cleaning, maintenance and management to be carried out to it.
(2) the local constructional materials without sandstone cement etc. must be used during the impermeable soils such as yellow mud heavier, because mountain region is carried and constructional difficulties and time-consumingly to take a lot of work, cost also corresponding increase, in the area that the price of labour power is higher, expense increase is more.
(3), when there are impermeable soils such as yellow mud locality, though cost is cheaply because the strength of materials is poor fragile, keep in repair more frequent.
(4) intercepting drain and water cellar position more fixing, need grit chamber be built, and not easily adjustment and reorganization and expansion.
(5) traditional cistern system does not continue water saving irrigation facility.
The method that pond on a hill adds irrigation by pumping also has many shortcomings, such as:
(1) often seepage is comparatively serious for pond on a hill, does Anti-seeping technology, invest very large to whole pond on a hill;
(2) irrigation by pumping needs to build pump house and water tower, and investment is large, and water pump operation needs power consumption power, and add installations and facilities management, cost is very high, and many hillside fields are the place that electric power does not reach, and irrigates by lifting water to a higher level with a water pump, etc. and cannot implement.
(3) pond on a hill adds the pattern of irrigating by lifting water to a higher level with a water pump, etc. and still needs longer water-supply-pipe/canal, steps up its investment further.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the defect existed in prior art, the invention provides a kind of hillside fields rainwater-collecting gravity irrigation system on the spot and construction method thereof, solving southern mountain forest ground, the rainwater-collecting on Gentle hillside ground and irrigation problem on the spot.The characteristic of slope runoff generation is that flood comes anxious, goes soon, if drained off floodwaters, storing facilities of water does not catch up with, and inadequate to the inereasing water area of rainwater, runoff of sloping field is on violent scour earth's surface, while causing serious water and soil resources to run off, but all may there is damage caused by a drought in each season in Slopeland Agriculture.Neoteric rainwater-collecting gravity irrigation system on the spot designs to solve this contradiction.If the less drought-enduring plant of water requirement or forest are planted in mountain forest ground and Gentle hillside ground, can using native system as iirigation water source; If plant the plant needing water more, mountain vegetables such as, native system also can be used as supplement irrigation water source.By this systematic difference, unbalanced natural precipitation accumulation can be distributed space-time, be converted into water resource that is at one's command, efficiency utilization, ground, gentle slope is become and can be irrigated the fields, for the irrigation of ground, gentle slope drought-resistant agriculture provides advantage.Its technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of hillside fields rainwater-collecting gravity irrigation system on the spot, comprise water guide film, collection rain covered conduit, filter pipe, water storage film bag and water-saving irrigation pipe, water guide film is laid on bottom collection rain covered conduit and both sides, collection rain covered conduit slows down slope along isohypse and arranges, place filter pipe in collection rain covered conduit, filter pipe is connected with water storage film bag, with the device of release medicine on water storage film bag, be provided with delivery port bottom water storage film bag, top is provided with air vent.
Preferably, described filter pipe tube wall adopts cheap, that light weight, product diversification degree are very high geotextiles or geotextile.
Preferably, described filter pipe, when passing through the obstruction such as road, gully, directly can connect one section or overcoat one section of PE pipe.
Preferably, described water storage film bag adopts red soil film bag.
A construction method for hillside fields rainwater-collecting gravity irrigation system on the spot, comprises the following steps:
Detailed step and the parameter of the method are please described step by step
1) ditching: gesture excavates collecting gutter along isohypse near the mountain, bottom of trench should have certain slope, and generally between 1/1000 ~ 1/3000, section can scrape out U-shaped, and size is advisable can pass through tackled slope runoff under corresponding base slope and roughness.Middle and upper part, hillside can be selected to become " Y " font to arrange, and collecting gutter upper-part centralized rain face is fan-shaped.Collecting gutter arc length, radius and collective area all can design according to the water requirement of local standard rainfall intensity, crop or nursery stock, also will match with the amount of capacity of water storage film bag.
2) plastic film mulch: bottom of trench plastic film mulch is to prevent seepage, and membrane material should select the geomembrane meeting environmental requirement, as soft in local soil property but and not containing sharp-pointed stone, can directly tamp bottom collecting gutter, then lay geomembrane.As contained sharp-pointed stone in local soil property, a transition bed course should be done at bottom of trench and furrow bank, after compacting, laying geomembrane.
3) pipe is put and landfill: place header having dug in collecting gutter, with not containing the permeable earth material landfill of sharp-pointed stone.On landfill earthing material thickness with not easily by wind and rain drop erosion exposed for requiring, be generally not less than 20mm.
4) joint and leaping over obstacles: header and plastic film mulch are all by the prolongation that continues, and joint can adopt the method for overlap joint, plastic film mulch is with the leading portion mould section of having film, and header overlaps back segment with back segment, and lap length is advisable with 10cm, and uses transparent adhesive tape adhesion.
5) fixing: for preventing water storage bag along hillside fields skid, iron wire or rope should be adopted to be fixed on by water bag on rock, large tree or underground anchor point, also can to make more firm pedestal for it.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention solves southern mountain forest ground, the rainwater-collecting on Gentle hillside ground and irrigation problem on the spot.The characteristic of slope runoff generation is that flood comes anxious, goes soon, if drained off floodwaters, storing facilities of water does not catch up with, and inadequate to the inereasing water area of rainwater, runoff of sloping field is on violent scour earth's surface, while causing serious water and soil resources to run off, but all may there is damage caused by a drought in each season in Slopeland Agriculture.Neoteric rainwater-collecting gravity irrigation system on the spot designs to solve this contradiction.If the less drought-enduring plant of water requirement or forest are planted in mountain forest ground and Gentle hillside ground, can using native system as iirigation water source; If plant the plant needing water more, mountain vegetables such as, native system also can be used as supplement irrigation water source.By this systematic difference, unbalanced natural precipitation accumulation can be distributed space-time, be converted into water resource that is at one's command, efficiency utilization, ground, gentle slope is become and can be irrigated the fields, for gentle slope ground drought-resistant agriculture and the irrigation of planting organic mountain vegetables provide advantage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of hillside fields rainwater-collecting of the present invention gravity irrigation system on the spot;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of collecting drain.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, technical scheme of the present invention is described in more detail.
See Fig. 1-Fig. 2, in hillside fields rainwater-collecting of the present invention gravity irrigation system on the spot, water guide film 1 adopts canopy film common on market, thickness is at more than 1mm, water guide film 1 is not laid on whole rainfall face, and be only bottom collection rain covered conduit 2 and both sides laying, its function prevents from collecting except the rain leakage in rain rill except being used for, and also has the effect of rainwater transporting to water storage film bag 4; Water guide film 1 is laid need follow certain job specfication, to avoid being scratched by sharp-pointed rubble;
Collect rain covered conduit 2 and usually slows down slope layout along isohypse, place filter pipe 3 in ditch, bottom extends certain limit according to shape laying water guide film 1 both sides of ditch according to landform, and inflow side arranges that comparatively opposite side is length; Filter pipe 3 top covers with permeable earth material and buries; As the obstruction such as road, gully need be passed through, can directly connect or overcoat one section of PE pipe;
Filter pipe 3 is connected with water storage film bag 4, is drainage type geotextile tube, allows rainwater infiltrate but can prevent the soil particle of certain particle diameter and suspension from entering, guarantees that collecting cleaner rainwater enters water storage film bag 4; The geotextile of filter pipe 3 can design according to local soil particle grating situation, to reach optimum drainage effect;
Water storage film bag 4 adopts red soil film bag, market is used to do biogas airbag, after being connected with geotextile tube, collect the rainwater saved and can be regarded as a mini reservoir, have with the temporal Regulation Function of water, can according to the size of the needs of crop or forest and topographic features design film bag, also can increase in the later stage and multiple film bag of connecting to meet water demand;
With the device of release medicine on red soil film bag, the medicament of anti-aqueous metamorphism can be thrown in, also can throw in the necessary dissolved fertilizer of agricultural irrigation;
Be provided with delivery port bottom water storage film bag 4, top is provided with air vent, and the rainwater saved can enter water-saving irrigation pipe 5 by delivery port;
Drip irrigation irrigation quantity size can be adjusted according to the variety classes of hillside fields dry farming or nursery stock by different growing, improve the utilization ratio of water, reduce the waste of water resource;
Because this collection rain device adopts the material that price is comparatively cheap, add that it is lightweight, transport, construction and installation and all simple and convenient, the time and labour saving of maintenance, so cost is very low, are the ideal substitute of traditional water cellar; Also the pattern adding irrigation by pumping than pond on a hill is reduced investment outlay, the electricity charge and management fee.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably detailed description of the invention; protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses, the simple change of the technical scheme that can obtain apparently or equivalence are replaced and are all fallen within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. hillside fields rainwater-collecting gravity irrigation system on the spot, it is characterized in that, comprise water guide film (1), collection rain covered conduit (2), filter pipe (3), water storage film bag (4) and water-saving irrigation pipe (5), water guide film (1) is laid on collection rain covered conduit (2) bottom and both sides, collection rain covered conduit (2) slows down slope along isohypse and arranges, filter pipe (3) is placed in collection rain covered conduit (2), filter pipe (3) is connected with water storage film bag (4), the upper device with release medicine of water storage film bag (4), water storage film bag (4) bottom is provided with delivery port, top is provided with air vent.
2. hillside fields rainwater-collecting according to claim 1 gravity irrigation system on the spot, is characterized in that, the material of described filter pipe (3) tube wall is geotextile.
3. hillside fields rainwater-collecting according to claim 1 gravity irrigation system on the spot, is characterized in that, described filter pipe (3) top is provided with permeable earth material.
4. hillside fields rainwater-collecting according to claim 1 gravity irrigation system on the spot, is characterized in that, described water storage film bag (4) adopts red soil film bag.
5. a construction method for hillside fields rainwater-collecting gravity irrigation system on the spot, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, ditching: gesture excavates collecting gutter along isohypse near the mountain, the gradient of bottom of trench is between 1/1000 ~ 1/3000, section scrapes out U-shaped, size can pass through tackled slope runoff under corresponding base slope and roughness, collecting gutter upper-part centralized rain face is fan-shaped to select middle and upper part, hillside to become " Y " font to arrange, collecting gutter arc length, radius and collective area all design according to the water requirement of local standard rainfall intensity, crop or nursery stock, also will match with the amount of capacity of water storage film bag;
Step 2, plastic film mulch: bottom of trench plastic film mulch is to prevent seepage, membrane material should select the geomembrane meeting environmental requirement, if local soil property is soft and do not contain sharp-pointed stone, bottom direct compacting collecting gutter, then geomembrane is laid, if containing sharp-pointed stone in local soil property, a transition bed course should be done at bottom of trench and furrow bank, lay geomembrane after compacting;
Step 3, put pipe and landfill: place header having dug in collecting gutter, with not containing the permeable earth material landfill of sharp-pointed stone, on landfill, earthing material thickness is not less than 20mm;
Step 4, joint and leaping over obstacles: header and plastic film mulch are by the prolongation that continues, and joint adopts the method for overlap joint, and plastic film mulch is with the leading portion mould section of having film, and header overlaps back segment with back segment, and lap length is 10cm, and uses transparent adhesive tape adhesion;
Step 5, fixing: to adopt iron wire or rope to be fixed on by water bag on rock, large tree or underground anchor point, or make more firm pedestal.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410795778.6A CN104563070B (en) | 2014-12-22 | 2014-12-22 | A kind of hillside fields rainwater-collecting gravity irrigation system and its construction method on the spot |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410795778.6A CN104563070B (en) | 2014-12-22 | 2014-12-22 | A kind of hillside fields rainwater-collecting gravity irrigation system and its construction method on the spot |
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| CN104563070A true CN104563070A (en) | 2015-04-29 |
| CN104563070B CN104563070B (en) | 2017-06-13 |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105133626A (en) * | 2015-09-13 | 2015-12-09 | 江汇 | Method for preserving water and soil in mountain slopes |
| CN105442691A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-03-30 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Bionic frog type airbag storage capacity adjusting system for water outlet of city watercourse |
| CN108035397A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-05-15 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | A kind of collection method and irrigation system suitable for karst scar runoff |
| CN109113124A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-01-01 | 杭州天顶距土地勘测规划设计有限公司 | A kind of Soil erosion system |
| CN109699450A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-05-03 | 星景生态环保科技（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of Rocky Desertification Region rainwater-collecting recharge system |
| CN110036880A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-07-23 | 东南大学 | It is a kind of to be afforested based on the hillside fields vertically regulated and controled from irrigation system and construction method |
| CN116724862A (en) * | 2023-07-21 | 2023-09-12 | 国际竹藤中心三亚研究基地 | Water-saving irrigation device is collected to bamboo forest surface water |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108643203A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-10-12 | 刘凤山 | A kind of innovative technology controlled soil erosion |
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| CN101914934A (en) * | 2009-12-27 | 2010-12-15 | 北京泰宁科创科技有限公司 | Rainwater collection and utilization system and method |
| US20110200391A1 (en) * | 2010-02-16 | 2011-08-18 | Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc. | Stormwater containment assembly and associated end section |
| CN102995701A (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-03-27 | 河海大学 | Irrigation water source system device capable of accumulating and filtering slope runoff |
| CN204385707U (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-06-10 | 毛前 | A kind of hillside fields rainwater-collecting gravity irrigation system on the spot |
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2014
- 2014-12-22 CN CN201410795778.6A patent/CN104563070B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
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| CN101914934A (en) * | 2009-12-27 | 2010-12-15 | 北京泰宁科创科技有限公司 | Rainwater collection and utilization system and method |
| US20110200391A1 (en) * | 2010-02-16 | 2011-08-18 | Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc. | Stormwater containment assembly and associated end section |
| CN102995701A (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-03-27 | 河海大学 | Irrigation water source system device capable of accumulating and filtering slope runoff |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105133626A (en) * | 2015-09-13 | 2015-12-09 | 江汇 | Method for preserving water and soil in mountain slopes |
| CN105442691A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-03-30 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Bionic frog type airbag storage capacity adjusting system for water outlet of city watercourse |
| CN105442691B (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2017-08-29 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of city river discharge outlet is regulated and stored system with bionical breast-stroke air bag |
| CN108035397A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-05-15 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | A kind of collection method and irrigation system suitable for karst scar runoff |
| CN109113124A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-01-01 | 杭州天顶距土地勘测规划设计有限公司 | A kind of Soil erosion system |
| CN109699450A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-05-03 | 星景生态环保科技（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of Rocky Desertification Region rainwater-collecting recharge system |
| CN110036880A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-07-23 | 东南大学 | It is a kind of to be afforested based on the hillside fields vertically regulated and controled from irrigation system and construction method |
| CN116724862A (en) * | 2023-07-21 | 2023-09-12 | 国际竹藤中心三亚研究基地 | Water-saving irrigation device is collected to bamboo forest surface water |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104563070B (en) | 2017-06-13 |
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