CN116355403A - 一种聚酰胺复合材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种聚酰胺复合材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K7/14—Glass
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- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种聚酰胺复合材料,按重量份计,包括以下组分:100份端氨基值为45‑200mmol/kg的聚酰胺,0.1‑8份环氧值为0.03‑0.3的环氧树脂。本发明通过添加特定环氧值的环氧树脂,能够显著提升聚酰胺复合材料的被软胶(TPE、TPV、TPU等)的包覆性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料技术领域,特别是涉及一种聚酰胺复合材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
改性聚酰胺由于具有良好的机械性能、耐化学性能、耐热性等优异的综合性能,因此广泛运用于轨道交通、消费电器、电动工具、共享单车等行业的内部受力件或外壳部件等。尤其在作为电动工具、安防部件等外壳时,往往会采用软胶(如TPE、TPV、TPU等)包覆硬胶(增强聚酰胺或填充增强聚酰胺)的设计,生产工艺往往是先注塑成型硬胶部分,再通过二次注塑将软胶包覆在硬胶上。
软胶包覆硬胶的形式,一方面对硬胶起到保护作用,使得产品具有更良好的抗冲击跌落性能,另一方面,也能给使用者带来更良好的手感。软胶包覆硬胶,至关重要的特性就是软胶和硬胶的粘接效果,如果粘接不良,会导致在使用过程中发生脱胶等异常。软胶的组成和性质,对包覆效果起到至关重要重要的作用,目前已有大量的专利阐述了具有良好包覆效果的TPE、TPV、TPU材料。实际上,除了软胶的作用,硬胶部分的可包覆性,对最终的包覆效果也有着很大的影响。
目前,随着产品结构设计的大型化、复杂化和多样化,对产品性能要求的逐渐提升,采用软胶包覆硬胶设计的产品在各个领域逐渐增多,因此我们需要开发具有优异可包覆性的聚酰胺组合物。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种易于被软胶包覆的聚酰胺复合材料,及其制备方法和应用。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种聚酰胺复合材料,按重量份计,包括以下组分:100份端氨基值为45-200mmol/kg的聚酰胺,0.1-8份环氧值为0.03-0.3的环氧树脂。
优选的,环氧树脂的含量0.3-3重量份;
更优选环氧树脂的含量1.4-2.3重量份。
优选的,所述的聚酰胺的端氨基值为85-150mmol/kg。
优选的,环氧树脂的环氧值为0.08-0.18。
环氧树脂的环氧值是用于表征每100g环氧树脂中所含环氧基团的物质的量,其单位为mol/100克;
所述的环氧树脂选自双酚A型环氧树脂、氢化双酚A型环氧树脂、含溴环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂、双酚S型环氧树脂、联苯类环氧树脂、四甲基二苯类环氧树脂、甲酚酚醛清漆类环氧树脂、苯酚酚醛清漆类环氧树脂、双酚A酚醛清漆类环氧树脂、脂环族环氧树脂及脂肪族环氧树脂中的至少一种;
优选双酚A型环氧树脂。
所述聚酰胺选自脂肪族聚酰胺或半芳香族聚酰胺中的至少一种,所述的脂肪族聚酰胺为由至少一种脂肪族二元羧酸与至少一种脂肪族二胺缩聚而成的聚酰胺和/或由至少一种氨基酸或至少一种内酰胺与其本身缩聚而成的聚酰胺,包括PA46、PA56、PA510、PA66、PA610、PA612、PA1010、PA1012、PA1212、PA6、PA7、PA11、PA12中的至少一种;所述的半芳香族聚酰胺为由至少一种芳香族二元羧酸与至少一种脂肪族二胺缩聚而成的聚酰胺,选自PA10T、PA10T1010、PA10T66、PA MXD6、PA MXD10、PA66/6T、PA6T、PA9T、PA10T/66中的至少一种;
优选的,所述的聚酰胺选自脂肪族聚酰胺。按重量份计,还包括0-200份填充剂;所述的填充剂选自纤维状填充、颗粒状填充剂中的至少一种;所述的纤维状填充剂选自玻璃纤维、碳纤维、玄武岩纤维中的至少一种;所述的颗粒状填充剂选自氧化铝、炭黑、铝硅酸盐粘土、蒙脱土、磷酸锆、高岭土、碳酸钙、硅藻土、石墨、云母、硅石、二氧化钛、沸石、滑石粉、硅灰石、玻璃微珠中的至少一种。
可以根据实际需求决定是否加入0-3份的助剂,所述的助剂选自抗氧剂、润滑剂、耐候剂、成核剂。
抗氧剂可以是受阻酚抗氧剂、碱金属或者碱土金属次(亚)磷酸盐、亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂等;
润滑剂可以是高级脂肪酸、高级脂肪酸金属盐、高级脂肪酸酯或高级脂肪酸酰胺等;
耐候剂可以是水杨酸酯、苯并三唑和二苯甲酮、仲胺类稳定剂、叔胺类稳定剂、NOR类稳定剂等;
成核剂可以是高级脂肪酸金属盐、纳米金属粒子等。
本发明的聚酰胺复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将各组分混合均匀,通过主喂料口喂入双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒,螺筒温度范围是180-300℃,螺杆长径比为36~52:1,转速200-700rpm,如有填充剂侧喂入,得到聚酰胺复合材料。
本发明的聚酰胺复合材料的应用,用于制备被软胶包覆的制件。
行业内尼龙TPE和TPV等包材内含有马来酸酐,本发明通过特定端氨基含量的聚酰胺树脂与特定环氧值的环氧树脂的协效,能够提高聚酰胺复合材料的表面活性,与包材内的马来酸酐进行反应,能够显著提高聚酰胺复合材料与常规的聚酰胺包胶用软胶的粘接效果,可以是TPE、TPV、TPU材料。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是,对本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例和对比例所用原材料来源如下:
PA66-A:端氨基含量47mmol/kg,EP-158,浙江华峰;
PA66-B:端氨基含量85mmol/kg,EP158NH,浙江华峰;
PA66-C:端氨基含量110mmol/kg,EP126NH,浙江华峰;
PA66-D:端氨基含量180mmol/kg,浙江华峰提供;
PA66-E:端氨基含量24mmol/kg,EPR32,河南神马;
PA6-A:端氨基含量64mmol/kg,H35ZI,霍尼韦尔;
PA6-B:端氨基含量23mmol/kg,M2000,新会美达;
PA610:端氨基含量51mmol/kg,PA610 F120,山东广垠;
PA1010:端氨基含量47mmol/kg,PA1010,无锡殷达尼龙有限公司;
PAMXD10:端氨基含量46mmol/kg,PAMXD10,上海盈固;PA66/6T:端氨基含量48mmol/kg,C1504T,山东广垠;
玻璃纤维:ECS301HP-3-H,CPIC;
滑石粉:AH-1250N6,广西龙胜华美;
环氧树脂A:环氧值为0.030-0.042,双酚A型,牌号YD-019,厂家东都化成;
环氧树脂B:环氧值为0.100-0.111,双酚A型,牌号YD-014,厂家东都化成;
环氧树脂C:环氧值为0.143-0.167,双酚A型,牌号YD-012,厂家东都化成;
环氧树脂D:环氧值为0.200-0.222,双酚A型,牌号YD-011,厂家东都化成;
环氧树脂E:环氧值为0.017-0.025,双酚A型,牌号YD-020,厂家东都化成;
环氧树脂F:环氧值为0.370-0.435,双酚A型,牌号YD-134,厂家东都化成;
环氧树脂G:环氧值为0.048-0.057,双酚F型环氧树脂,牌号YDF-2007,厂家东都化成;
环氧树脂H:环氧值为0.091-0.111,氢化双酚A型环氧树脂,牌号ST-5100,厂家东都化成;
环氧树脂I: 环氧值为0.200-0.222,含溴环氧树脂,牌号YDB-715,厂家东都化成;
乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物:PTW,美国杜邦;
乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸甘油酯共聚物:AX8900,法国阿科玛;
乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝聚烯烃弹性体:SOG-03,江苏佳易容。
实施例和对比例聚酰胺组合物的制备方法:将除玻璃纤维之外的其他组分混合均匀,通过主喂料口喂入双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒,螺杆长径比为40:1,螺筒温度分段为260/260/250/240/230/230/230/240/260℃,螺杆转速为300rpm,如有玻璃纤维或滑石粉侧喂入,得到聚酰胺组合物。
测试方法:
(1)干态包胶测试:选用两种软胶材料进行评估,包括可用于尼龙包覆的市场上常见的TPE和TPV材料。使用软胶包硬胶磨具进行评估,首先使用上诉实施例及对比例制备的聚酰胺组合物注塑长200mm、宽50mm、厚2.5mm的聚酰胺矩形板,将该矩形板放置冷却24h;将磨具定模面更换成软胶注塑定模,将注塑好的矩形板嵌入动模面,进一步注塑成型软胶部分,包括TPE和TPV软胶均分别注塑10组样品,将得到软胶粘接聚酰胺矩形板硬胶的产品放置冷却24h后用于后续粘结力测试。
将上述软胶粘接硬胶的产品,使用专门改造的粘接力试验机进行测试,设备搭建参考ASTM D1004-07塑料薄膜与薄板抗扯性(割口撕裂)的试验方法;测试过程中,固定硬胶部分,并夹持软胶部分,以50mm/min的速度开展拉力撕裂测试,直至软胶断裂或软胶和硬胶完全分离,试验结束;观察软胶和硬胶的分离情况,判定标准如下:
包胶效果等级对比:
1级:直至软胶撕裂或断裂,软胶和硬胶部分无明显分离;或软胶已完全撕开,但硬胶表面铺满残余的软胶且未出现分离;展现出优异的粘结力;
2级:直至软胶撕裂或断裂,软胶和硬胶部分仅出现非常轻微的分离,分离面积占总包胶面积小于5%;展现出较好的粘结力;
3级:直至软胶撕裂或断裂,软软和硬胶出现较明显的分离,分离面积占包胶面积的5-20%;展现出合格的粘结力;
4级:直至软胶撕裂或断裂,软软和硬胶出现明显的分离,分离面积占包胶面积的20-80%;展现出较差的粘结力;
5级:直至软胶撕裂或断裂,软软和硬胶出现很明显的分离,分离面积占包胶面积大于80%或完全剥离;展现出很差的粘结力。
表1:实施例1-7聚酰胺组合物各组分含量(重量份)及测试结果
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 | 实施例7 | |
PA66-A | 100 | 100 | |||||
PA66-B | 100 | ||||||
PA66-C | 100 | ||||||
PA66-D | 100 | ||||||
PA6-A | 100 | ||||||
PA610 | 100 | ||||||
玻璃纤维 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | |
滑石粉 | 60 | ||||||
环氧树脂B | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
TPE包聚酰胺硬胶,级 | 1级 | 1级 | 1级 | 2级 | 1级 | 1级 | 1级 |
TPV包聚酰胺硬胶,级 | 2级 | 1级 | 1级 | 2级 | 2级 | 2级 | 2级 |
由实施例1-7可知,本发明的聚酰胺复合材料具有优秀的包胶性。
表2:实施例8-13聚酰胺组合物各组分含量(重量份)及测试结果
实施例8 | 实施例9 | 实施例10 | 实施例11 | 实施例12 | 实施例13 | |
PA66-A | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
玻璃纤维 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
环氧树脂A | 1.5 | |||||
环氧树脂C | 1.5 | |||||
环氧树脂D | 1.5 | |||||
环氧树脂G | 1.5 | |||||
环氧树脂H | 1.5 | |||||
环氧树脂I | 1.5 | |||||
TPE包聚酰胺硬胶,级 | 2级 | 1级 | 2级 | 2级 | 2级 | 2级 |
TPV包聚酰胺硬胶,级 | 2级 | 2级 | 2级 | 3级 | 2级 | 3级 |
由实施例1/8-13可知,优选环氧树脂类型为双酚A型、并且优选环氧值为0.08-0.18。
表3:实施例14-19聚酰胺组合物各组分含量(重量份)及测试结果
实施例14 | 实施例15 | 实施例16 | 实施例17 | 实施例18 | 实施例19 | |
PA66-A | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
玻璃纤维 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 10 |
环氧树脂B | 0.1 | 0.3 | 2.3 | 3 | 8 | 1.5 |
TPE包聚酰胺硬胶,级 | 2级 | 2级 | 1级 | 2级 | 2级 | 1级 |
TPV包聚酰胺硬胶,级 | 3级 | 2级 | 2级 | 2级 | 3级 | 2级 |
由实施例1/14-19可知,优选的环氧树脂添加量范围下包胶性更好。
表4:实施例20-22聚酰胺组合物各组分含量(重量份)及测试结果
实施例20 | 实施例21 | 实施例22 | |
PA1010 | 100 | ||
PAMXD10 | 100 | ||
PA66/6T | 100 | ||
玻璃纤维 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
环氧树脂B | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
TPE包聚酰胺硬胶,级 | 1级 | 2级 | 2级 |
TPV包聚酰胺硬胶,级 | 2级 | 2级 | 2级 |
由实施例1/5/6/22-26可知,优选脂肪族聚酰胺的包胶性更好。
表5:对比例1-7聚酰胺组合物各组分含量(重量份)及测试结果
对比例1 | 对比例2 | 对比例3 | 对比例4 | 对比例5 | 对比例6 | 对比例7 | |
PA66-A | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||
PA66-E | 100 | ||||||
PA6-B | 100 | ||||||
玻璃纤维 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
环氧树脂B | 1.5 | 1.5 | |||||
环氧树脂E | 1.5 | ||||||
环氧树脂F | 1.5 | ||||||
乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物 | 1.5 | ||||||
乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸甘油酯共聚物 | 1.5 | ||||||
乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝聚烯烃弹性体 | 1.5 | ||||||
TPE包聚酰胺硬胶,级 | 3级 | 3级 | 3级 | 4级 | 4级 | 3级 | 4级 |
TPV包聚酰胺硬胶,级 | 4级 | 4级 | 3级 | 4级 | 4级 | 4级 | 4级 |
由对比例1/2可知,当脂肪族聚酰胺树脂的端氨基小于45mmol/kg时包胶性差。
由对比例3-7可知,当环氧树脂的环氧值不在本发明范围内、或者选用其他含环氧基团的聚合物无法有效实现包胶性的显著提升。
表6:对比例8-9聚酰胺组合物各组分含量(重量份)及测试结果
对比例8 | 对比例9 | |
PA66-A | 100 | 100 |
玻璃纤维 | 60 | 60 |
环氧树脂B | 0.01 | 10 |
TPE包聚酰胺硬胶,级 | 4级 | 3级 |
TPV包聚酰胺硬胶,级 | 5级 | 4级 |
由对比例8-9可知,当环氧树脂的添加量过多或过低时,包胶性差。
Claims (10)
1.一种聚酰胺复合材料,其特征在于,按重量份计,包括以下组分:100份端氨基值为45-200mmol/kg的聚酰胺,0.1-8份环氧值为0.03-0.3的环氧树脂。
2.根据权利要求1所述聚酰胺复合材料,其特征在于,环氧树脂的重量含量为0.3-3重量份;更优选环氧树脂的重量含量为1.4-2.3重量份。
3.根据权利要求1所述聚酰胺复合材料,其特征在于,所述的聚酰胺的端氨基值为85-150mmol/kg。
4.根据权利要求1所述聚酰胺复合材料,其特征在于,环氧树脂的环氧值为0.08-0.18。
5.根据权利要求1所述聚酰胺复合材料,其特征在于,所述的环氧树脂选自双酚A型环氧树脂、氢化双酚A型环氧树脂、含溴环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂、双酚S型环氧树脂、联苯类环氧树脂、四甲基二苯类环氧树脂、甲酚酚醛清漆类环氧树脂、苯酚酚醛清漆类环氧树脂、双酚A酚醛清漆类环氧树脂、脂环族环氧树脂及脂肪族环氧树脂中的至少一种;优选双酚A型环氧树脂。
6.根据权利要求1所述聚酰胺复合材料,其特征在于,所述聚酰胺选自脂肪族聚酰胺或半芳香族聚酰胺中的至少一种,所述的脂肪族聚酰胺为由至少一种脂肪族二元羧酸与至少一种脂肪族二胺缩聚而成的聚酰胺和/或由至少一种氨基酸或至少一种内酰胺与其本身缩聚而成的聚酰胺,包括PA46、PA56、PA510、PA66、PA610、PA612、PA1010、PA1012、PA1212、PA6、PA7、PA11、PA12中的至少一种;所述的半芳香族聚酰胺为由至少一种芳香族二元羧酸与至少一种脂肪族二胺缩聚而成的聚酰胺,选自PA10T、PA10T1010、PA10T66、PA MXD6、PAMXD10、PA66/6T、PA6T、PA9T、PA10T/66中的至少一种;所述的聚酰胺选自脂肪族聚酰胺。
7.根据权利要求1所述聚酰胺复合材料,其特征在于,按重量份计,还包括0-200份填充剂;所述的填充剂选自纤维状填充、颗粒状填充剂中的至少一种;所述的纤维状填充剂选自玻璃纤维、碳纤维、玄武岩纤维中的至少一种;所述的颗粒状填充剂选自氧化铝、炭黑、铝硅酸盐粘土、蒙脱土、磷酸锆、高岭土、碳酸钙、硅藻土、石墨、云母、硅石、二氧化钛、沸石、滑石粉、硅灰石、玻璃微珠中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述聚酰胺复合材料,其特征在于,按重量份计,还包括0-3份助剂,所述的助剂选自抗氧剂、润滑剂、耐候剂、成核剂中的至少一种。
9.权利要求1-8任一项所述聚酰胺复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:将各组分混合均匀,通过主喂料口喂入双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒,螺杆长径比为36~52:1,螺筒温度范围是180-300℃,转速200-700rpm,如有填充剂侧喂入,得到聚酰胺复合材料。
10.权利要求1-8任一项所述聚酰胺复合材料的应用,其特征在于,用于制备被软胶包覆的制件。
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CN113214778A (zh) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-08-06 | 大赛璐赢创株式会社 | 固化性树脂组合物、其用途、及其制造方法 |
CN112194894A (zh) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-08 | 金发科技股份有限公司 | 一种无卤阻燃聚酰胺复合材料及其制备方法 |
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