CN116286756A - 嗜热氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶突变体、编码基因及其应用 - Google Patents
嗜热氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶突变体、编码基因及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种嗜热氨基葡萄糖‑6‑磷酸脱氨酶突变体及其编码基因、重组表达载体及工程菌,以及其在酶法催化果糖‑6‑磷酸和铵根离子可逆转化为氨基葡萄糖‑6‑磷酸中的应用。本发明通过定点饱和突变技术,获得酶活力提高的嗜热氨基葡萄糖‑6‑磷酸脱氨酶突变体,该突变体对催化果糖‑6‑磷酸和铵根离子可逆转化为氨基葡萄糖‑6‑磷酸较野生型提高2.15倍,活力达3.16U/mg。且该突变体在高温下仍可发挥催化作用,可通过热处理进行蛋白纯化,简化了纯化步骤,且在常温条件下具有良好热稳定性,利用该脱氨酶突变体,能以果糖‑6‑磷酸和铵根离子为底物,更高效的合成氨基葡萄糖‑6‑磷酸,提高了热力学驱动的氨基葡萄糖体外生物合成的效率,具有较好的应用前景。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种嗜热氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶突变体及其编码基因、重组表达载体及工程菌,以及其在酶法催化果糖-6-磷酸和铵根离子可逆转化为氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸中的应用。
(二)背景技术
氨基葡萄糖又名葡萄糖胺(Glucosamine,GlcN),是一种天然的氨基单糖,由葡萄糖的一个羟基被氨基所取代而形成。氨基葡萄糖通常以N-乙酰基衍生物等形式(如甲壳素、壳聚糖等)存在于微生物、动物来源的多糖和结合糖中,是人体中形成软骨细胞的重要营养素,能刺激软骨细胞生长,促进软骨组织修复,具有阻止骨关节炎病程发展的作用。近年来,随着人口老龄化的加剧,氨基葡萄糖的市场份额逐年增长,2020年我国氨糖产业市场规模已超过60亿,并且以每年20%左右的速度持续增长。
由于氨基葡萄糖广阔的市场前景,其合成方法也成为研究热点。目前工业上生产氨基葡萄糖的主要方法是酸水解法,即在高温下(约100℃),利用高浓度的盐酸将蟹虾壳来源的甲壳素和壳聚糖水解为氨基葡萄糖,尽管该方法操作简单,但是大量酸的使用导致严重的环境问题(J.Agric.Food Chem.2007,55,2246)。因此,学者纷纷致力于开发新的氨基葡萄糖合成工艺。如利用几丁质酶、外几丁质酶、β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶和N-乙酰-氨基葡萄糖脱乙酰酶将蟹虾壳来源的甲壳素生物降解合成氨基葡萄糖;但是由于蟹虾壳来源的几丁质结构复杂,几丁质无法完全水解,导致氨基葡萄糖的产率较低(J.Agric.FoodChem.2018,66,8061)。近年来兴起的微生物发酵法受到研究者的较多关注,但其产物多为N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖,需要进一步水解去乙酰化才能合成氨基葡萄糖,存在收率低、环境负担重等问题(Bioresour.Technol.2018,250,642-649)。
游淳等报道了一种热力学驱动的氨基葡萄糖体外生物合成方法,该方法以廉价的淀粉或淀粉衍生物和无机铵盐为底物,以α-葡聚糖磷酸化酶、葡萄糖磷酸变位酶、葡萄糖磷酸异构酶,氨基葡萄-6-磷酸脱氨酶(GlmD)和磷酸酶五种级联酶为催化剂,通过磷酸化、异构、胺化和去磷酸化等步骤合成氨基葡萄糖(ACS Catal.2020,10,13809-13819)。由于该反应体系最后一步由磷酸酶催化不可逆去磷酸化,该方法的理论产率可达100%,是合成氨基葡萄糖的理想途径。其中,氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶(EC 3.5.99.6)是一种变构酶,可催化氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸可逆转化为果糖-6-磷酸和铵根离子,它是实现热力学驱动的氨基葡萄糖高效生物合成的关键酶之一。然而,目前报道的氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶存在活力低、稳定性差等缺陷,难以用于氨基葡萄糖的工业化合成。因此,开发一种热稳定性的能够高效催化果糖-6-磷酸和铵根离子转化为氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸的嗜热脱氨酶具有重要意义。
(三)发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供一种嗜热氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶突变体、编码基因,及其在高效催化果糖-6-磷酸和铵根离子转化为氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸中的应用。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种嗜热氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶突变体,由氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示深海火球菌(Pyrococcus abyssi)来源的氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶经单点突变或多点突变获得,所述单点突变或多点突变的突变位点为下列之一或其中两种以上:(1)第40位半胱氨酸,(2)第88位精氨酸,(3)第92位苏氨酸。
本发明从天然酶库中筛选挖掘了深海火球菌(Pyrococcus abyssi)来源的氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶,并通过蛋白质工程技术对其进行分子改造,提高了其催化果糖-6-磷酸和铵根离子转化为氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸的活性,从而进一步提升氨基葡萄糖体外生物合成的效率,为氨基葡萄糖的规模化制备奠定基础。
具体的,所述点突变为下列之一或其中两种以上:(1)第40位半胱氨酸突变为丙氨酸,(2)第88位精氨酸突变为天冬氨酸,(3)第92位苏氨酸突变为苯丙氨酸。
优选的,所述嗜热氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶突变体氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.3(即突变体C40A)、SEQ ID NO.5(即突变体R88N)或SEQ ID NO.7(即突变体T92F)所示。
任何对SEQ ID NO.1所示氨基酸序列中氨基酸经过缺失、插入或者替换一个或几个氨基酸且具有催化果糖-6-磷酸和铵根离子可逆转化为氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸活性的,仍属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明还涉及含有所述编码基因的重组表达载体。这些重组载体可以用本领域常规方法将本发明的蔗糖磷酸化酶突变体核苷酸序列连接于各种载体上构建而成。所述载体可为本领域常规的各种载体,例如各种质粒、噬菌体或病毒载体等,优选pET-28a。
优选的,所述编码基因核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.4(编码突变体C40A))、SEQ IDNO.6(编码突变体R88N)或SEQ ID NO.8(编码突变体T92F)所示。
本发明还涉及含有所述编码基因的工程菌。作为一种重组表达载体的应用,可通过将本发明的重组表达载体转化至宿主微生物中获得基因工程菌。宿主微生物可为本领域常规的各种宿主微生物,主要满足重组表达载体可以稳定自我复制且所携带的本发明的蔗糖磷酸化酶突变体基因可以有效表达。本发明优选大肠杆菌,更优选为大肠杆菌E.coliBL21(DE3)。
本发明还涉及所述嗜热氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶突变体在酶法催化果糖-6-磷酸和铵根离子可逆转化为氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸中的应用。
本发明所述嗜热氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶突变体可以以全细胞形式使用,也可以是未经纯化的粗酶形式使用,还可以是经部分纯化或完全纯化的酶蛋白形式使用。如果需要,还可以利用本领域已知的固定化技术将本发明嗜热氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶突变体制成固定化酶或者固定化细胞形式进行使用。
本发明的有益效果主要体现在:本发明通过定点饱和突变技术,获得酶活力提高的嗜热氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶突变体,该突变体对催化果糖-6-磷酸和铵根离子可逆转化为氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸较野生型提高2.15倍,活力达3.16U/mg。且该突变体在高温下仍可发挥催化作用,可通过热处理进行蛋白纯化,简化了纯化步骤,且在常温条件下具有良好热稳定性,利用该脱氨酶突变体,能以果糖-6-磷酸和铵根离子为底物,更高效的合成氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸,提高了热力学驱动的氨基葡萄糖体外生物合成的效率,具有较好的应用前景。
(四)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此:
实施例1:氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶基因序列的获得和载体构建
通过NCBI等数据库挖掘获得来源于深海火球菌(Pyrococcus abyssi)的氨基酸序列(GenBank:WP_048147071.1)。在不改变该多肽氨基酸序列的前提下,将上述基因的密码子替换为大肠杆菌偏好的密码子,经密码子优化后的氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶基因核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示,编码蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
将SEQ ID NO.2所示基因序列连接于pET-28b(+)载体,重组质粒命名为pET-28b(+)-GlmD。
实施例2:野生型氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶的诱导表达与纯化
1.重组菌的构建
将实施例1中的重组质粒pET-28b(+)-GlmD转化到E.coli BL21(DE3)感受态细胞中,获得野生型重组菌。
2.重组菌的培养
将菌株从保藏的甘油管中划线培养过夜后,取单菌落接种到含有50μg/mL卡那霉素10mL的LB液体培养基,37℃,180rpm过夜培养。按照2%(v/v)接种量接种到100mL的LB液体培养基中,37℃,培养至OD为0.6-0.8,加入终浓度为0.1mM的IPTG,调整培养温度16℃,诱导表达16h。离心弃上清液,获得湿菌体。
3.粗酶液的热纯化
将上述收集到的湿菌体用100mM的HEPES缓冲液(pH 7.5)重悬,将菌悬液放置冰上冰浴,超声破碎(破碎持续2秒,间歇4秒,总时长15min,功率为60W),获得细胞破碎液,后离心8000rpm、10min,取上清液在80℃下水浴热处理20min。在8000rpm转速下离心10min,取上清液即为初步纯化的酶液。经SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳估计目标蛋白的纯度和分子量大小,并用BCA蛋白试剂盒检测其蛋白浓度。
实施例3:氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶突变体库的构建
1.脱氨酶突变位点的选取
为了提高氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶GlmD的催化活性,采用计算机辅助设计选择其定点突变位点。选择与GlmD同源度为61.92%的来源于Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3脱氨酶晶体结构(PDB ID:2DEC)和来源于Pyrococcus furiosu脱氨酶晶体结构(PDB ID:2CB0)作为模板,运用MODELLER软件进行同源建模。选择DOPE评分最高的模型,利用Procheck验证结构的可信度。结合脱氨酶的催化机理及脱氨酶(GlmD)和果糖-6-磷酸的分子对接模型,确定催化活性区域的关键氨基酸残基,进一步筛选可能影响其酶活的10个氨基酸残基:Cys40、Ser42、Ser43、Ser87、Arg88、Thr92、Val133、Met135、Glu211、Lys319。
2.定点饱和突变
根据SEQ ID NO.1所示的氨基酸序列,设计定点饱和突变引物,见表1所示。(注:N=A/G/C/T,K=G/T,M=A/C)。
表1:定点饱和突变引物序列表
以载体pET28b为模板,进行PCR扩增整个质粒,反应体系如表2所示,反应条件如表3所示,获得突变序列。
表2:PCR反应体系
表3:PCR反应条件
实施例4:氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶定点饱和突变体库的初筛
1.脱氨酶突变体重组工程菌的构建与表达
经过0.8%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,得到大小正确的扩增条带。用限制性内切酶DpnI酶37℃消化处理PCR产物2h,消化甲基化的质粒模板。将消化后的PCR产物吸取10μL转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)细胞,并涂布与含50μg/mL卡那霉素的LB固体培养基,37℃下培养12h,获得单菌落培养物。
将获得的单菌落接种至含50μg/mL卡那霉素的LB液体培养基的96孔板中,37℃培养12h后,获得种子液。取200μL种子液转接至新的无菌96深孔板中,且每个孔中均含有400μL的终浓度为50μg/mL的卡那霉素、0.1mM的IPTG的LB液体培养基,在28℃、180rpm条件下培养12h后,4000rpm离心20min,弃上清收集湿菌体。加入400μL的HEPES缓冲液(pH 7.5,100mM)重悬各孔中的菌体,利用反复冻融的方法进行细胞破碎(-80℃冷冻40min,37℃融解30min,反复4次),在80℃条件下热处理20min,然后8000rpm离心20min,取上清液获得突变体酶液。
2.脱氨酶的高通量筛选
利用Elson-Morgan显色法建立GlmD的高通量筛选方法,反应原理为:在碱性条件下氨基己糖能与乙酰丙酮进行缩合反应,生成吡咯衍生物,所产生的吡咯衍生物与对二甲氨基苯甲醛的酸性醇溶液反应,生成红色缩合物,在一定浓度范围内,该红色缩合物在530nm处的吸光值与氨基己糖浓度呈正比,从而反映脱氨酶突变体的催化活力。
活力测定步骤:在96孔板反应板中添加200μL反应液(含155μL突变体酶液,25μL(NH4)2SO4(反应液中终浓度为25mM),20μL果糖-6-磷酸(反应液中终浓度为5mM)),于40℃反应10min,冰浴终止,并迅速吸取100μL的反应液至含有200μL乙酰丙酮试剂的96深孔板中,90℃下水浴1h;冷却至室温后,吸取30μL至96孔酶标板上,加入100μL的96%乙醇,再加入120μL的DMAB试剂,混合均匀,在37℃下反应30min,在530nm处进行比色,根据标准曲线计算反应样液中氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸的量,从中挑取活力提高的突变体进行下一步复筛。
实施例5:氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶定点饱和突变体库的复筛
挑选实施例4中初筛提高的突变体分别接种于含50μg/mL的卡那霉素的10mL LB液体培养基中,37℃,180rpm条件下培养10h。按体积浓度2%的接种量接种至含50μg/mL的卡那霉素的100mL LB液体培养基中,37℃、180rpm培养至OD为0.6-0.8时,加入终浓度为0.1mM的IPTG,16℃诱导表达16h。上述培养液在8000rpm下离心10min,弃上清,获得的湿菌体用HEPES缓冲液(pH 7.5,100mM)重悬。菌体悬液超声破碎(60W,持续2s,间歇4s,总时长15min),获得细胞破碎液,在8000rpm下离心10min。上清液在80℃下水浴热处理20分钟,离心后得GlmD突变体酶液,BCA蛋白含量检测试剂盒检测目标蛋白含量。
酶活测定反应体系(1mL):100mM的HEPES(pH 7.5)缓冲液,10mM的果糖-6-磷酸,50mM的(NH4)2SO4和适量的酶液,40℃下反应10min,测得脱氨酶的催化活性。上述反应用高氯酸终止,再加入氢氧化钠中和,后12000rpm离心1min,取上清液通过HPLC检测样品中氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸含量。酶活定义:一个酶活单位定义为40℃,100mM的HEPES缓冲液(pH 7.5)条件下,每分钟转化生产1μmol产物所需要的酶量。
HPLC检测方法为:色谱条件:流动相A:20mM的乙酸钠(pH 7.2±0.5),流动相B:10%的20mM乙酸钠+20%乙腈+20%甲醇(pH调至7.2±0.5);柱温为35℃;色谱柱型号:Welchrom-C18(4.6x 250mm,5μm);流速0.8mL/min;进样量:样品5μL+0.4mol/L硼酸缓冲液(pH 9.5)6μL+OPA衍生化试剂2μL。
如表4所示,GlmD-C40A、GlmD-R80N以及GlmD-T92F活力有明显的提高。其中,Cys40位点突变效果最好,突变体C40A对催化果糖-6-磷酸和铵根离子可逆转化为氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸的酶活为3.16U/mg,是野生型氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶酶活的2.15倍。
表4:野生型GlmD及其突变体酶活力
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,上述实施例不以任何形式限制本发明,凡采用等同替换或等效变换的方式所获得的技术方案,均落在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种嗜热氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶突变体,由氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示深海火球菌(Pyrococcus abyssi)来源的氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶经单点突变或多点突变获得,所述单点突变或多点突变的突变位点为下列之一或其中两种以上:(1)第40位半胱氨酸,(2)第88位精氨酸,(3)第92位苏氨酸。
2.如权利要求1所述的嗜热氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶突变体,其特征在于所述点突变为下列之一或其中两种以上:(1)第40位半胱氨酸突变为丙氨酸,(2)第88位精氨酸突变为天冬氨酸,(3)第92位苏氨酸突变为苯丙氨酸。
3.如权利要求1所述的嗜热氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶突变体,其特征在于所述嗜热氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶突变体氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.3、SEQ ID NO.5或SEQ IDNO.7所示。
4.权利要求1所述嗜热氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶突变体的编码基因。
5.如权利要求4所述的编码基因,其特征在于所述编码基因核苷酸序列如SEQ IDNO.4、SEQ ID NO.6或SEQ ID NO.8所示。
6.含有权利要求4所述编码基因的重组表达载体。
7.含有权利要求4所述编码基因的工程菌。
8.权利要求1所述嗜热氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶突变体在酶法催化果糖-6-磷酸和铵根离子可逆转化为氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸中的应用。
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