CN114891772B - 一种去乙酰基酶突变体及其应用 - Google Patents
一种去乙酰基酶突变体及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114891772B CN114891772B CN202210584496.6A CN202210584496A CN114891772B CN 114891772 B CN114891772 B CN 114891772B CN 202210584496 A CN202210584496 A CN 202210584496A CN 114891772 B CN114891772 B CN 114891772B
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Abstract
本发明属于酶工程领域,涉及一种去乙酰基酶突变体及其应用。所述的去乙酰基酶突变体在SEQ ID NO.1所示氨基酸序列的野生型酶中突变多个氨基酸位点。利用本发明的去乙酰基酶突变体及其制备氨基葡萄糖的方法,能够使得突变体较野生型去乙酰基酶具有更高的比活力,更高的转化收率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于酶工程技术领域,涉及一种去乙酰基酶(Dac)突变体及其应用。
背景技术
氨基葡萄糖(glucosamine,GlcN,CAS 3416-24-8),即2-氨基-2-脱氧-D- 葡萄糖,又称葡萄糖胺、氨基葡糖或简称为葡糖胺、氨糖,是葡萄糖的一个羟基被氨基取代后的化合物,其分子式为C6H13NO5,为针状晶体,安全无毒,易溶于水,无特殊气味,是多种抗生素的组分,可在人体中合成,通常以N-乙酰基衍生物或胞壁酸的形式存在动物及微生物来源的多糖中。GlcN的稳定性与pH 有关,在室温环境下,其可在pH低于4.8的条件下稳定存在,随pH的升高GlcN 的稳定性下降。目前市场上GlcN主要以氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐、氨基葡萄糖硫酸盐或其复合盐的形式存在,在室温下可稳定存在,便于药品的储存运输。
GlcN在医药、保健品、化妆品领域都有较多的应用。它可以修复和保护软骨组织,同时能刺激软骨细胞的生长促进软骨的形成,因此在医药领域、保健品领域有极大的市场需求,用于辅助治疗、运动修复和日常膳食补充剂。GlcN也是重要的化妆品添加剂,以GlcN为原料生产的化妆品面膜具有很好的保湿增润效果,可使皮肤光滑细腻富有弹性。
目前GlcN的生产方法主要有三种:化学水解法、微生物发酵法和生物转化法。化学水解法生产GlcN是以虾蟹壳或真菌细胞壁为原料利用强酸进行酸水解反应,利用浓盐酸在高温条件下进行水解,制成成品氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐,并在此基础上,利用硫酸钠制备氨基葡萄糖复盐。该方法使用大量强酸,易造成环境污染,反应条件苛刻复杂,生产效率低,且原料来源受限,不适合对海鲜过敏的人群,使用范围也受限。
微生物发酵法与化学法相比过程简单,为可再生的生产方法,条件温和,原料来源丰富不受限制,但是发酵周期长,发酵过程控制严苛,终产物GlcN浓度低,需结合酸解法转化乙酰氨基葡萄糖(GlcNAc)生产GlcN,仍然存在生产效率较低与环境污染的问题。
生物转化法包括全细胞催化法及酶法催化,由于其催化效率高,原料来源广泛,作用条件温和被广泛关注,其生产过程中可避免强酸强碱的使用,安全无毒,绿色环保,是一种环境友好型的生产方法,具有良好的工业应用前景。
微生物发酵法生产GlcN,安全无毒,大大降低了强酸强碱的使用量,但发酵液中无法实现高浓度的积累,众多研究将研究重点放在GlcN的前体物质 GlcNAc上,可实现在发酵液中大量积累GlcNAc,再利用酸解法将GlcNAc水解为GlcN,大量酸的使用依然会造成环境污染等问题。因此,研发一种安全的方法来代替酸法水解,利用生物转化生产GlcN,高效地且以环境友好型的方法生产是亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的是提供一种乙酰氨基葡萄糖去乙酰基酶突变体,以能够使突变体较野生型乙酰氨基葡萄糖去乙酰基酶具有更高的比活力,并能在催化制备氨基葡萄糖时具有更高的产物收率。
为实现此目的,在基础的实施方案中,本发明提供一种乙酰氨基葡萄糖去乙酰基酶突变体,
所述的突变体是在SEQ ID NO.1所示氨基酸序列的野生型乙酰氨基葡萄糖去乙酰基酶中突变K122N、F231Y、R246H中至少一个氨基酸位点。
K122N、F231Y、R246H分别表示:第122位氨基酸由K突变为N;第 231位氨基酸由F突变为Y、第246位氨基酸由R突变为H。
进一步地:突变的氨基酸位点为K122N、F231Y、R246H中任一个。
进一步地:突变的氨基酸位点为K122N和F231Y。
进一步地:突变的氨基酸位点为K122N和R246H。
进一步地:突变的氨基酸位点为K122N和R246H和F231Y。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种编码上述的去乙酰基酶突变体的多核苷酸。
本发明的第三个目的是提供所述的去乙酰基酶突变体的应用,以乙酰氨基葡萄糖为底物,催化合成氨基葡萄糖。
进一步地,酶的添加量为1000-1500U,优选1200U,底物浓度:150-200mM。
进一步地,反应在15-20℃下进行,反应时间至少40min,优选40-60min。
进一步地,反应所需的pH条件为7.0-9.0。
本发明的有益效果在于,利用本发明的乙酰氨基葡萄糖去乙酰基酶突变体及利用其的制备方法,能够使突变体较野生型乙酰氨基葡萄糖去乙酰基酶具有更高的比活力,并能在催化水解乙酰氨基葡萄糖生成氨基葡萄糖时具有更高的产物收率。
本发明选择嗜热球菌PyrococcushorikoshiiOT3来源的去乙酰基酶PhDac作为出发点,其相比其它来源的去乙酰基酶有以下优势:酶活力高、催化效率高、最终产物浓度高。在此基础上,本发明通过基因工程及酶工程技术手段,对PhDac 进行突变,所获得的去乙酰基酶合成酶突变体较PhDac具有酶比活力、催化速率和转化收率更高,酶更稳定等优点,因此更适用于乙酰氨基葡萄糖的去乙酰反应。
以下结合实施例和附图对本发明作出进一步的说明,而不会形成对本发明的限制。
附图说明:
图1为去乙酰基酶水解乙酰氨基葡萄糖的原理图。
具体实施方式:
其中PhDac及其突变体的酶活力的测定方法如下。
反应底物组成:2%的N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖溶液,称取N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖2g,溶解于80ml 0.02mol/L、pH8.0的磷酸盐缓冲液中,用此缓冲液定容至100ml,溶液必须现配现用。
酶活测定:取30ml发酵溶液,超声破碎后,取2-3ml于装有预热至37℃的 40ml底物溶液的带夹套的玻璃反应器中,开搅拌,水浴恒温37℃,用0.1mol/L 的氢氧化钠滴定液调pH至8.00计时,保持pH8.00反应3分钟,记录氢氧化钠滴定液的消耗量。
酶活力单位:在一定反应条件下,单位酶量每分钟消耗1μmol的NaOH为一个单位。
C NaOH:氢氧化钠滴定液的摩尔浓度为0.1mol/L
V NaOH:氢氧化钠滴定液的消耗量,ml
V样:酶液样品体积,ml
W样:固定化酶样品重量,g
1000:由mmol转为μmol
T:反应时间,min
实施例1:来源Pyrococcushorikoshii OT3的去乙酰基酶PhDac原核表达菌株的构建
下载GenBank中Pyrococcushorikoshii OT3来源的去乙酰基酶PhDac的氨基酸序列(本文SEQ ID NO.1,对应GenBank登陆号:NC_000961.1),提供给北京擎科生物技术有限公司进行编码核酸的全基因合成(采用大肠杆菌优选密码子)。合成基因C-端带有His标签,构建至原核表达载体pET30a(+)中,原核表达载体酶切位点:5’端Nde I,3’端Xho I。将构建好的质粒pET30a(+)-PhDac通过CaCl2热激转化法转化至大肠杆菌表达菌株BL21(DE3)中,涂布于含有50μg/ml Kanamycin的LB固体培养基平板,37℃过夜培养,平板上生长出的菌落即为去乙酰基酶原核表达重组菌株E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET30a(+)-PhDac。
用灭菌枪头在上述LB固体培养基平板中小心挑取去乙酰基酶PhDac原核表达重组菌株单菌落,接种至含有20mL的LB液体培养基的三角瓶中,37℃, 200r/min,振荡过夜培养。次日按照1%的接种量将摇瓶菌液接种至含有100mL TB液体培养基的三角瓶中,37℃,220r/min,振荡培养,并每隔1h测定培养液的OD值,待培养液OD值=1.5时,补加终浓度为1%(m/v)的乳糖,25℃,220rpm 继续培养4h-6h,停止培养。
实施例2:PhDac原核表达菌株E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET30a(+)-PhDac易错突变文库的构建
以pET30a(+)-PhDac重组质粒作为PCR模板,常规的T7F/R作为通用引物(引物序列:T7F:5’-TAATACGACTCACTATAGGG-3’,见SEQ.ID NO.2;T7R:5’-GCTAGTTATTGCTCAGCGG-3’见SEQ.ID NO.3)对MATI基因进行易错PCR扩增,调整PCR扩增反应体系中Mg2+、Mn2+、dCTP和dTTP寡核苷酸浓度,使该突变体文库的碱基错配率仅为千分之二,即保证一个突变体仅有1到2个氨基酸发生突变。
易错PCR反应体系:
易错PCR反应条件:先95℃预变性5min;然后94℃变性30s,56℃退火30s, 72℃延伸30s,共25个循环;最后72℃延伸10min。
将上述易错PCR产物取样2μL进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,检测无误后用PCR 产物纯化试剂盒进行纯化处理。在37℃条件下,用Nde I和Xho I限制性内切酶分别对PCR纯化产物和原核表达载体pET30a(+)进行双酶切,酶切产物切胶回收 (其中回收PCR纯化产物片段大小约为1000bp,回收载体pET30a(+)片段大小约为5400bp)后,按照易错PCR产物:原核表达载体pET30a(+)为3:1的摩尔比进行混合,加入T4 DNA ligase于16℃过夜连接。第二天,通过电击转化的方法将连接产物转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中构建工程菌,即可得到一个库容量大的随机突变体文库。
实施例3:PhDac原核表达菌株E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET30a(+)-PhDac易错突变文库的筛选
由乙酰氨基葡萄糖的水解反应原理图(图1)可知,在水解过程中,会有乙酸生成,且去掉乙酰基后氨基会暴露出来,由于需要做大批量反应,因此测pH 变化的方法不够便捷;所以考虑对氨基进行检测,使用邻苯二甲醛(OPA)衍生的方法,达到高效且能大批量操作的目的。其原理为:OPA能在还原剂巯基乙醇存在下和一级氨基酸反应生成具有很强荧光的异吲哚衍生产物,反应迅速,在室温下1min即可完成,反应产物的激发波长320nm-360nm,发射波长450nm。
具体方法如下:
用高温灭菌后的牙签,小心挑取突变体文库的单菌落(每根牙签挑取1个单菌落),分别接种于96孔细胞培养板的不同孔中(每孔中已加入含50μg/ml卡那霉素的LB液体培养基)。将96孔细胞培养板置于恒温摇床中37℃,700rpm培养6 小时,然后用8通道移液器在每孔加入终浓度为1%(m/v)的乳糖,25℃,250rpm 诱导培养8小时。诱导培养完毕后,取100μL菌液与100μL裂解液(1.488g/L EDTANa2,4%(v/v)triton-100,2%(m/v)溶菌酶,pH8.0的0.2mol/L磷酸缓冲液) 混匀,37℃放置1小时后4000rpm,4℃离心5min。取上清100μL至新的96孔酶标板,2:1体积加入反应底物(0.1mol/L乙酰氨基葡萄糖,pH8.0的0.2mol/L 磷酸缓冲液),于37℃反应40min。然后加入50μL的30%三氯乙酸终止反应, 4000rpm,4℃离心5min后,取上清10μL加入90μL OPA衍生试剂(0.5g/L邻苯二甲醛,2%乙醇,0.05%巯基乙醇,pH10.5的0.05mol/L碳酸钠缓冲液)中,震荡反应2min。最后取10μL衍生物,加入90μL去离子水中,混匀后340nm测吸光值。
通过反复大量筛选验证(>8000个克隆子)测序分析及酶活力测定,得到三个酶活力高于野生型PhDac的突变体表达菌株,分别命名为PhDac-1、PhDac-2、 PhDac-3,总结如下表1。
表1:易错突变文库筛选获得的PhDac突变体的表达菌株
从表1可以看出,PhDac-3的摇瓶(发酵液)酶活力相比野生型PhDac有明显提高,摇瓶酶活力提高2.68倍;其他突变体PhDac-1、PhDac-2的摇瓶酶活力相比野生型PhDac也有提升,但不如PhDac-3明显。因此考虑在PhDac-3的基础上进行其它氨基酸突变位点的叠加突变。
实施例4:不同叠加突变体菌株的构建与筛选
将表1中PhDac-3表达菌株进行扩大培养,用质粒试剂盒(OMEGA)提取质粒,以质粒pET30a(+)-PhDac-3为模板,将所获得的突变位点进行叠加突变,选择PhDac氨基酸序列第247位和/或232位,分别设计定点突变引物,进行全质粒PCR反应,全质粒PCR产物经DpnI消化后转化至表达菌株BL21(DE3)中,经测序验证无误,即获得在PhDac-3突变体基础上的各叠加突变体的表达菌株,所表达与筛选的PhDac突变体的具体情况见表2。
表2:PhDac及其突变体的突变位点和活力
从表2可以看出,个体叠加突变体较PhDac-3活力有明显提升,因此,为进一步测定各酶的催化反应能力,选取原本的三株单点突变菌株PhDac-1、PhDac-2、PhDac-3,以野生型PhDac为对照,进行转化实验,测定产物收率。
实施例5:各突变体菌株的转化实验
利用液相色谱测定产物D-氨基葡萄糖的摩尔收率,具体方法如下。
反应底物组成:10%的N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖溶液:称取N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖10g,溶解于80ml 0.02mol/L、pH9.0的磷酸盐缓冲液中,用此缓冲液定容至 100mL,溶液必须现配现用。
投酶量为1200U,反应时间40min,转化实验在15℃下恒温进行。
HPLC具体测定条件如下:
流动相:称取0.8g醋酸钠,0.98g庚烷磺酸钠,溶解于1000mL去离水中,用醋酸调pH至4.5,用0.45μm水系膜过滤。
标准液:标准品D-氨基葡萄糖25mg加超纯水溶解,并定容至25mL。
色谱柱:5μm C18-250mmX4.6mm(安捷伦ZORBAX SB-c18)
检测器:RID
柱温:30℃
进样量:100μL
流速:1mL/min
野生型PhDac及各突变株转化实验结果如下表3所示。
表3:PhDac及其突变体转化实验结果
从表3可以看出,三个突变株转化收率相比野生型均有明显提升,反应收率都在90%以上水平,具有工业化应用的潜力。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若对本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其同等技术的范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。上述实施例或实施方式只是对本发明的举例说明,本发明也可以以其它的特定方式或其它的特定形式实施,而不偏离本发明的要旨或本质特征。因此,描述的实施方式从任何方面来看均应视为说明性而非限定性的。本发明的范围应由附加的权利要求说明,任何与权利要求的意图和范围等效的变化也应包含在本发明的范围内。
序列表
<110> 湖南福来格生物技术有限公司
<120> 一种去乙酰基酶突变体及其应用
<160> 3
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 268
<212> PRT
<213> 嗜热球菌(Pyrococcushorikoshii )
<400> 1
Met Phe Glu Asp Ile Asp Thr Phe Glu Glu Ala Phe Asn Lys Leu Leu
1 5 10 15
Arg Glu Val Leu Glu Phe Asp Leu Gln Asn Pro Phe Lys Asp Ala Lys
20 25 30
Lys Val Leu Cys Ile Glu Pro His Pro Asp Asp Cys Val Ile Gly Met
35 40 45
Gly Gly Thr Ile Lys Lys Leu Ser Asp Met Gly Val Glu Val Ile Tyr
50 55 60
Val Cys Met Thr Asp Gly Tyr Met Gly Thr Thr Asp Glu Ser Leu Ser
65 70 75 80
Gly His Glu Leu Ala Ala Ile Arg Arg Lys Glu Glu Glu Glu Ser Ala
85 90 95
Arg Leu Leu Gly Val Lys Lys Ile Tyr Trp Leu Asn Tyr Arg Asp Thr
100 105 110
Glu Leu Pro Tyr Ser Arg Glu Val Arg Lys Asp Leu Thr Lys Ile Leu
115 120 125
Arg Lys Glu Gln Pro Asp Gly Val Phe Ala Pro Asp Pro Trp Leu Pro
130 135 140
Tyr Glu Ser His Pro Asp His Arg Arg Thr Gly Phe Leu Ala Ile Glu
145 150 155 160
Ser Val Ala Phe Ser Gln Leu Pro Asn Phe Ser Asn Thr Asp Leu Asp
165 170 175
Ile Gly Leu Asn Pro Tyr Asn Ser Gly Ser Phe Ile Ala Leu Tyr Tyr
180 185 190
Thr His Lys Pro Asn Tyr Ile Val Asp Ile Thr Asp Leu Met Glu Leu
195 200 205
Lys Leu Lys Ala Ile Arg Val His Arg Ser Gln Phe Pro Asp Asp Ile
210 215 220
Trp Glu Lys Trp Glu Pro Phe Leu Arg Thr Ile Ala Met Phe Tyr Gly
225 230 235 240
Glu Lys Ile Gly Val Arg Tyr Gly Glu Gly Phe Arg Ile Met Pro Gly
245 250 255
Leu Phe Tyr His Ile Thr Pro Phe Thr Asp Leu Ile
260 265
<210> 2
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 2
taatacgact cactataggg 20
<210> 3
<211> 19
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 3
gctagttatt gctcagcgg 19
Claims (6)
1.一种去乙酰基酶突变体,其特征在于:是对SEQ ID NO.1所示氨基酸序列进行突变,
突变方式为以下任一种:
K122N、F231Y 、R246H、K122N和F231Y、K122N和R246H、K122N和F231Y和R246H。
2.一种编码权利要求1所述的去乙酰基酶突变体的多核苷酸。
3.权利要求1所述的去乙酰基酶突变体的应用,其特征在于,以乙酰氨基葡萄糖为底物,催化合成氨基葡萄糖。
4.根据权利要求3所述的去乙酰基酶突变体的应用,其特征在于,酶的添加量为1000-1500U,底物浓度:150-200mM。
5.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于:反应在15-20℃下进行,反应时间至少40min。
6.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于:反应所需的pH条件为7.0-9.0。
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