CN116285014B - 一种用于液态物质吸附的预糊化淀粉及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种用于液态物质吸附的预糊化淀粉及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于液态物质吸附的预糊化淀粉及其制备方法和应用。将低分子量淀粉和高分子量淀粉的比例控制在(1:9)‑(7:3),且低分子量淀粉为麦芽糊精或酶解淀粉,高分子量淀粉选自玉米淀粉、蜡质玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、蜡质木薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、蜡质马铃薯淀粉、糯米淀粉和小麦淀粉,需要控制低分子量淀粉的粘度为10‑1200mPa·s,DE值2.0‑22.0,高分子量淀粉粘度为1500~50000mPa·s,得到不易破碎且液体物质容纳能力好的预糊化淀粉。本申请的方案中原料成本低廉,无需使用高附加值方法进行化学变性淀粉制备,制备方案方法也极为简单,和水搅拌均匀即可。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及淀粉预糊化领域,尤其是涉及一种用于液态物质吸附的预糊化淀粉及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
在食品、化妆品、医药和农药领域中,会有将油脂、有机溶剂等液态物质吸附到基质中的需求,以增加使用便利性及达到控缓释的效果。常见的方法是利用包埋技术,将液体物质经包囊形成一种具有半透性或密封囊膜微型胶囊的技术,对于液体物料,经包埋后可转变为具有良好分散及流动性的细粒或细粉状固体形式,使用时散落性十分优良,从而能与其它配料均匀混合,也便于计算使用和运输。油脂类物料经包埋或微胶囊化后既不像液态油那样油腻,又不像塑性脂肪那样,外形或质构会受到环境温度的变化而改变,氧化稳定性明显优于未包埋物料。
上述技术存在以下缺陷或不足:一般使用微胶囊方式进行包埋需要使用价格昂贵的喷雾干燥塔和价格较高的辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯这类的壁材,对于本身物性受环境影响不大的液态物料,对氧化、阻隔性能没太高要求,亟需一种简单低成本的吸附方法,将液态物料转变为粉末状物料。
目前国内外不少相关学者都在致力于研究如何将液体物料粉末化的方法。樊振江等以β-环糊精为壁材,对超声法制备花椒精油微胶囊进行了研究,通过正交实验得包埋最佳工艺为:超声功率为200W,包埋温度为35℃,包埋时间为30min,精油与β-环糊精质量比为1:5,在此条件下包埋率为80.1%。彭颖等(辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯包埋肉桂精油微胶囊的研究[J],彭颖,姜子涛,李荣,中国调味品,2011,36(12):48-51+75.)使用辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯水解产物作为基质,包埋肉桂精油和改善流动性,但以往使用淀粉水解产物进行干燥得到的干粉,粉体易碎,并且容易受到湿度和温度的影响,存在液体物质容纳能力不足的问题。因此,需要一种制备低成本吸附基材的方法,能通过简单方法将液态物料转变为粉状物料。
发明内容
为了得到成本低、液体物质容纳能力好且不易粉碎的吸附基材,本申请提供一种用于液态物质吸附的预糊化淀粉及其制备方法和应用。
第一方面,本申请提供一种用于液态物质吸附的预糊化淀粉,原料包括低分子量淀粉(数均分子量2000-500000g/mol)、高分子量淀粉(数均分子量700000-30000000g/mol)和水,其中低分子量淀粉和高分子量淀粉的质量比为(1:9)-(7:3),配置成质量浓度为50-70%的淀粉乳。
优选的,所述低分子量淀粉和高分子量淀粉的质量比为(1:9)-(6:9)。
更优选的,低分子量淀粉的粘度为10-1200mPa·s,DE值为2.0-22.0,高分子量淀粉粘度为1500~50000mPa·s。
优选的,所述低分子量淀粉为麦芽糊精或酶解淀粉,所述高分子量淀粉为玉米淀粉、蜡质玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、蜡质木薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、蜡质马铃薯淀粉、糯米淀粉和小麦淀粉中的一种或几种的组合;更优选的所述低分子量淀粉为麦芽糊精或酶解淀粉。
在预糊化过程中,水分子破坏了淀粉分子间的氢键,从而破坏了淀粉颗粒的结晶结构,颗粒内的淀粉分子向各个方向伸展扩散,溶出颗粒体外,扩展开来的淀粉分子会相互联结、缠绕,形成网状的含水胶体,即预糊化体。在这一过程中,如果仅使用淀粉水解物(低分子量淀粉),便会得到极易破碎的干粉;但如果仅使用高分子量的淀粉,其质地密实,容纳力一般。
因此,在本申请中,将低分子量淀粉和高分子量淀粉进行搭配。但事实是:并不是任意比例、任意种类的淀粉都能够制备出理想的预糊化淀粉。在发明人的不断研究中发现,当低分子量淀粉和高分子量淀粉的比例控制在(1:9)-(7:3),且高分子量淀粉选自玉米淀粉、蜡质玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、蜡质木薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、蜡质马铃薯淀粉、糯米淀粉和小麦淀粉,另外需要控制低分子量淀粉的粘度为10-1200mPa·s,DE值为2.0-22.0,高分子量淀粉粘度为1500~50000mPa·s时,,所述低分子量淀粉为麦芽糊精或酶解淀粉时,才能得到本申请中不易破碎且液体物质容纳能力好的预糊化淀粉。
另外,本申请的方案中原料成本低廉,无需使用高附加值方法进行化学变性淀粉制备,制备方案方法也极为简单,和水搅拌均匀即可。
进一步,高分子量淀粉由糯米淀粉、蜡质玉米淀粉和蜡质木薯淀粉以1:(2-5):(0.3-0.8)的质量比组成。
本申请采用的滚筒法进行制备预糊化淀粉,具有生产连续、操作简单、能耗低、质量稳定、适应范围广等特点。但此加工方法使得淀粉粒会迅速膨胀到原来体积的数百倍,同时具有强烈的剪切作用,使淀粉颗粒破裂,这样便会使产品有很大的缺陷,包括窄的峰值黏度范围,非完整性颗粒,不能承受使用过程中的剪切力,导致弹性、流动性较差,该方法使淀粉糊液只有80%左右的糊化。因此,为了提高本申请淀粉的糊化程度,特定选择高分子量淀粉的种类和质量比。当糯米淀粉、蜡质玉米淀粉和蜡质木薯淀粉以1:(2-5):(0.3-0.8)组成高分子量淀粉时,含有丰富的支链能够应对剪切力,使预糊化体具有较好的流动性和弹性,从而得到糊化率较高的预糊化淀粉。
优选的,原料还包括单硬脂酸甘油酯和茶海棠叶提取物,所述单硬脂酸甘油酯和茶海棠叶提取物的添加量质量比为所有淀粉干粉的0.2-0.5%。
更优选的,单硬脂酸甘油酯和茶海棠叶提取物的质量比为(6:5)-(8:3)。
为了进一步提高预糊化淀粉的糊化率,采用单硬脂酸甘油酯和茶海棠叶提取物以(6:5)-(8:3)的质量比配制而成的乳化剂,能够提高淀粉颗粒的增溶性,使被剪切力搅碎的淀粉颗粒仍保留吸水性,从而进一步提高了淀粉的糊化率。
第二方面,本申请提供一种液态物质吸附的预糊化淀粉的制备方法,将上述低分子量淀粉与高分子量淀粉按比例混匀后制备成淀粉乳,采用双滚筒干燥机干燥粉碎后得到液态物质吸附的预糊化淀粉。
本申请采用的滚筒法进行制备预糊化淀粉,具有生产连续、操作简单、能耗低、质量稳定、适应范围广等特点。
第三方面,本申请提供一种液态物质吸附的预糊化淀粉的应用,将上述的预糊化淀粉作为吸附基材应用在食品、化妆品、医药和农药领域中,用于液态物质,预糊化淀粉与液态物质的比例为(1-5):2应用在食品中,部分溶于水,可形成自由流动粉体,油溶性和水溶性物质都可以方便的进行加工。
优选的,应用在挥发性较低的活性物质中,例如,芦荟香精或生姜香精中时,将所述预糊化淀粉和挥发性较低的活性物质一起搅拌,搅拌时间控制在10min内,搅拌转速控制在70rpm以内。
本申请的液态物质吸附的预糊化淀粉非常适用于挥发性较低活性物质的负载,风味和颜色分布均匀。本方案是采取空腔对物质进行吸附,将液态转为粉体,吸附液体后的空腔有一部分是与外界联通。值得注意的是,应用在芦荟香精或生姜香精中时,由于该类成分含有较多的多糖成分,与本申请的预糊化淀粉结合后,容易出现不粘附的情况,这是由于淀粉的空腔结构会解体。为此,对于这类产品的应用做了进一步研究,发现搅拌时间控制在10min内,搅拌转速控制在70rpm以内,会减少淀粉空腔结构解体情况的发生,从而使预糊化淀粉能在芦荟香精或生姜香精中更好地应用。
应用在医药中,可形成高度浓缩的载药粉末,高温或高湿情况下不板结。例如,油溶性的维生素E,采取将溶有维生素E的油相与本专利制备的预糊化淀粉进行混合,吸附以后形成载有维生素E的粉末,供后续加工成片剂或粉剂。综上所述,本申请具有以下有益效果:
1、并不是任意比例、任意种类的淀粉都能够制备出理想的预糊化淀粉。在本申请中将低分子量淀粉和高分子量淀粉的比例控制在(1:9)-(7:3),且高分子量淀粉选自玉米淀粉、蜡质玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、蜡质木薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、蜡质马铃薯淀粉、糯米淀粉和小麦淀粉,另外需要控制低分子量淀粉的粘度为10-1200mPa·s,DE值为2.0-22.0,高分子量淀粉粘度为1500~50000mPa·s,得到不易破碎且液体物质容纳能力好的预糊化淀粉。
2、本申请采用的滚筒法进行制备预糊化淀粉,具有生产连续、操作简单、能耗低、质量稳定、适应范围广等特点。
3、本申请的预糊化淀粉含有丰富的支链能够应对剪切力,使预糊化体具有较好的流动性和弹性,从而得到糊化率较高的预糊化淀粉。应用在挥发性较低的活性物质中,例如,芦荟香精或生姜香精中时,发现搅拌时间控制在10min内,搅拌转速控制在70r/min以内,会减少淀粉空腔结构解体情况的发生,从而使预糊化淀粉能在芦荟香精或生姜香精中更好地应用。
4、采用单硬脂酸甘油酯和茶海棠叶提取物以(6:5)-(8:3)的质量比配制而成的乳化剂,能够提高淀粉颗粒的增溶性,使被剪切力搅碎的淀粉颗粒仍保留吸水性,从而进一步提高了淀粉的糊化率。
具体实施方式
实施例
实施例1-6
按表1所示淀粉种类取650g高分子量淀粉、650g低分子量淀粉水解物和900g水配置成淀粉乳,在6.0kg/cm2压力下用双滚筒机组进行预糊化,实施例1-6使用的淀粉水解物为麦芽糊精。
表1
实施例7-9
将650g蜡质玉米淀粉作为高分子量淀粉,与650g不同DE值的麦芽糊精和900g水混匀,在6.0kg/cm2压力下用双滚筒机组进行预糊化。
表2
实施例10
与实施例4的区别仅在于:蜡质玉米淀粉的添加量为900g,DE值为12.0的麦芽糊精添加量为100g。
实施例11
与实施例4的区别仅在于:蜡质玉米淀粉的添加量为700g,DE值为12.0的麦芽糊精添加量为300g。
实施例12
与实施例4的区别仅在于:高分子量淀粉是由糯米淀粉、蜡质玉米淀粉和蜡质木薯淀粉以1:2:0.3的质量比组成。
实施例13
与实施例4的区别仅在于:高分子量淀粉是由糯米淀粉、蜡质玉米淀粉和蜡质木薯淀粉以1:5:0.8的质量比组成。
实施例14
与实施例13的区别仅在于:将单硬脂酸甘油酯、茶海棠叶提取物和淀粉一起加入双滚筒干燥机中,其中,单硬脂酸甘油酯和茶海棠叶提取物的添加量为所有淀粉干粉的0.2%,且单硬脂酸甘油酯和茶海棠叶提取物的质量比为6:5。
实施例15
与实施例14的区别仅在于:单硬脂酸甘油酯和茶海棠叶提取物的添加量为所有淀粉干粉的0.5%,且单硬脂酸甘油酯和茶海棠叶提取物的质量比为8:3。
应用例
应用例1
将实施例15制备的预糊化淀粉和生姜香精以3:2的质量比混合搅拌,在转速70rpm的速度下搅拌10min,干燥后获得被淀粉包裹的生姜香精。
应用例2
将实施例15制备的预糊化淀粉和芦荟香精以1:2的质量比混合搅拌,在转速60rpm的速度下搅拌10min,干燥后获得被淀粉包裹的芦荟香精。
应用例3
将实施例15制备的预糊化淀粉和维生素E以1:2的质量比混合搅拌,在转速70rpm的速度下搅拌10min,干燥后获得被淀粉包裹的维生素E。
对比例
对比例1
与实施例4的区别仅在于:采用麦芽糊精等量代替高分子量淀粉。
对比例2
与实施例4的区别仅在于:麦芽糊精和高分子量淀粉的质量比为1:10。
对比例3
与实施例4的区别仅在于:麦芽糊精和高分子量淀粉的质量比为7:2.5。
对比例4
与实施例4的区别仅在于:采用大米淀粉等量代替蜡质玉米粉。
对比例5
与实施例12的区别在于:糯米淀粉、蜡质玉米淀粉和蜡质木薯淀粉的质量比为以1:1.5:0.2。
对比例6
与实施例12的区别在于:糯米淀粉、蜡质玉米淀粉和蜡质木薯淀粉的质量比为1:5.5:0.9。
对比例7
与应用例1的区别在于:搅拌时间为15min。
对比例8
与应用例1的区别在于:搅拌转速为100rpm。
实验
实验1
测量吸油量(容纳能力)
将3g样品置于玻璃板上,将油一点点滴入样品中心,当样品变为腻子状时停止,吸油量为滴入的油与样品重量比值,单位为mL/g。
实验2
测量渗出量(保留能力)
将75g油加入50g样品中,使用混合器混合2min,将两张预先称重的滤纸叠放,将5g混合好的样品均匀铺开后在其上再放一张滤纸,之后放置一个8g的砝码,将上述混合物置于35℃培养箱中1h,渗出量通过下式进行计算:
Effu(%)=A/B*100
其中:A为所有三张滤纸中油的重量;B为样品中所含油的重量(3g)。
实验3
强度测试
采用TA-XT2i型物性测试仪的HDP-BSK探头对样品进行测试,8次重复。测试模式为Return to start;测前、测中和测后速度分别为5,1和5mm/s,触发力10g,数据采集速度200pps。测试粉体使用专用样品台放置,使探头下压时作用在中心位置。根据质构仪自带的Texture Exponent 32软件,对样品测试得到的“力-距离”曲线进行分析,计算参数。
实验4
糊化程度测试
称取2份1g样品,精确至0.0001g,分别置于2个150mL锥形瓶中,分别标记为A和B,另取一个150mL的锥形瓶,不加样品作为空白,标记为C,向这3个瓶中各加入磷酸盐缓冲液40mL,将A溶液置于沸水浴中煮沸20min,然后将锥形瓶迅速冷却到60℃以下,将A溶液、B溶液和C溶液置于40℃恒温水浴中加热3min,各加入5.0mLβ-淀粉酶溶液,在40℃保温1h,每隔15min摇匀一次。将3个锥形瓶从恒温水浴中取出,分别加入2.0mL 10%硫酸溶液,2.0mL钨酸钠溶液(120g/L)摇匀。分别定量转移至3个100mL容量瓶中,用蒸馏水定容至刻度,摇匀,静置2min,过滤后作检定液用。各取检定液5.0mL,分别置于3个150mL碘价瓶中,加入15.0mL碱性铁氰化钾溶液(0.1mol/L),摇匀,置于沸水浴中加热20min,冷却至室温后,缓慢加入25.0mL醋酸盐溶液,摇匀,加入5.0mL碘化钾溶液(100g/L),摇匀后,立即用硫代硫酸钠溶液(0.1mol/L)滴定,当溶液颜色变为淡黄色时,加入2-3滴淀粉指示剂,直至蓝色消失。
糊化度Q计算公式:
Q=(V0-V1)/(V0-V2)×100%
式中:
Q——糊化度,%;
V0——空白试验(C溶液)所消耗的硫代硫酸钠溶液体积,mL;
V1——待测试样(B溶液)所消耗的硫代硫酸钠溶液体积,mL;
V2——糊化完全时(A溶液)所消耗的硫代硫酸钠溶液体积,mL;
表3
根据表3中实施例12、13和实施例4的数据对比可以看出,由糯米淀粉、蜡质玉米淀粉和蜡质木薯淀粉混合物为高分子量淀粉制备的预糊化淀粉吸附油脂能力明显优于单一高分子量淀粉制备的预糊化淀粉。
根据对比例2、3和实施例4的数据对比可以看出,并不是任意比例、任意种类的淀粉都能够制备出理想的预糊化淀粉。在发明人的不断研究中发现,当低分子量淀粉和高分子量淀粉的比例控制在(1:9)-(7:3),且高分子量淀粉选自玉米淀粉、蜡质玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、蜡质木薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、蜡质马铃薯淀粉、糯米淀粉和小麦淀粉,另外需要控制低分子量淀粉的粘度为10-1200mPa·s,DE值为2.0-22.0,高分子量淀粉粘度为1500~50000mPa·s时,才能得到本申请中不易破碎且液体物质容纳能力好的预糊化淀粉。
根据表3中对比例5、6和实施例12的数据对比可得,实施例12的吸油能力,和轻度均由于对比例5、6,渗出量小于对比例5、6,说明糯米淀粉、蜡质玉米淀粉和蜡质木薯淀粉不是以任意比例配合就可以得到优异逇预糊化淀粉混合物以,而是需要糯米淀粉、蜡质玉米淀粉和蜡质木薯淀粉以1:(2-5):(0.3-0.8)质量比配合才能得以获得。
根据表3中的实施例14、15与实施例13的数据对比,实施例14、15的糊化程度均高于实施例13,说明在混合物料中加入质量比为(6:5)-(8:3)的单硬脂酸甘油酯和茶海棠叶提取物有利于提高糊化程度。同时实施例14、15的渗出量低于实施例13,吸油量、强度高于实施例13,更有利于形成强度更高、吸附能力更优的预糊化淀粉。
实验:验证产品生姜香精和预糊化淀粉结合后的产品性能。
表4
NO. | 强度/kg·mm-1 | 渗出量/% |
应用例1 | 2.39 | 10.3 |
应用例2 | 2.18 | 14.7 |
应用例3 | 2.26 | 13.8 |
对比例7 | 1.65 | 26.5 |
对比例8 | 1.42 | 27.9 |
根据表4应用例中用于吸附包埋香精、维生素E和对比例中较强的机械加工程度对产品吸附效果的影响可以看出,在合适的加工强度(搅拌时间和搅拌速度)下,本方案制备的预糊化淀粉能体现出对需要保存的风味物质和营养成分具有较好的吸附作用。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本申请的解释,其并不是对本申请的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本申请的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于液态物质吸附的预糊化淀粉,其特征在于:原料包括低分子量淀粉、高分子量淀粉和水,其中低分子量淀粉和高分子量淀粉的质量比为(1:9)-(7:3),配置成质量浓度为50-70%的淀粉乳;所述低分子量淀粉的粘度为10-1200mPa·s,DE值为2.0-22.0,所述高分子量淀粉粘度为1500~50000mPa·s;所述高分子量淀粉由糯米淀粉、蜡质玉米淀粉和蜡质木薯淀粉以1:(2-5):(0.3-0.8)的质量比组成;所述低分子量淀粉的数均分子量为2000-500000g/mol,所述高分子量淀粉的数均分子量为700000-30000000g/mol。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于液态物质吸附的预糊化淀粉,其特征在于:所述低分子量淀粉和高分子量淀粉的质量比为(1:9)-(6:9)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于液态物质吸附的预糊化淀粉,其特征在于:所述原料还包括单硬脂酸甘油酯和茶海棠叶提取物,所述单硬脂酸甘油酯和茶海棠叶提取物的添加量质量比为所有淀粉干粉的0.2-0.5%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于液态物质吸附的预糊化淀粉,其特征在于:所述单硬脂酸甘油酯和茶海棠叶提取物的质量比为(6:5)-(8:3)。
5.一种用于液态物质吸附的预糊化淀粉的制备方法,其特征在于:将权利要求1-4任一所述的低分子量淀粉、高分子量淀粉和水按比例混匀后制备成淀粉乳,采用双滚筒干燥机干燥粉碎后得到用于液态物质吸附的预糊化淀粉。
6.一种用于液态物质吸附的预糊化淀粉的应用,其特征在于:将权利要求1-4任一所述的预糊化淀粉作为吸附基材应用在食品、化妆品、医药和农药领域中,用于液态物质,预糊化淀粉与液态物质的比例为(1-5):2。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用于液态物质吸附的预糊化淀粉的应用,其特征在于:应用在芦荟香精或生姜香精中,所述预糊化淀粉和芦荟香精或生姜香精一起搅拌,搅拌时间控制在10min内,搅拌转速控制在70rpm以内。
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