CN116284795A - 一种硅氢加成反应合成氨基含氢硅油的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于高分子材料技术领域，公开了一种硅氢加成反应合成氨基含氢硅油的方法。该方法包括以下步骤：将H2PtCl6.6H2O和异丙醇加入到氮气保护的反应器中，搅拌1小时得到催化剂；在脱氧氮气和干燥条件下，将聚甲基氢硅氧烷和丙烯胺一起加入水热反应釜中，随后加入四氢呋喃，搅拌均匀，再加入催化剂，反应体系中[C＝C]：[Si‑H]：[Pt]＝[1]：[2.5]:[1×10‑4]，密封水热反应釜，随后以3℃/min的升温速率加热至90℃，反应4‑6h，然后停止加热，放置5‑6h，等反应体系冷却至室温，开启水热反应釜，将反应液体取出，减压蒸馏30min，去除低沸点物质，得到氨基含氢硅油。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料技术领域，特别涉及一种硅氢加成反应合成氨基含氢硅油的方法。
背景技术
有机硅化合物因其润滑性、柔韧性、无毒性、无环境污染和低成本等特点被广泛应用于各个行业。氨基硅油是一种新型高分子材料，除了表面张力低和对生态环境友好等特性外，广泛用于棉、丝、羊毛及涤纶等纺织品的后整理。处理过的织物和皮革产品具有柔软、滑爽与丰满的手感，并具有良好的防缩性、耐水洗性和透气性。氨基改性硅油目前被公认为能赋予织物丰满、爽滑的手感，提高纺织品质质量档次所必需的柔软剂。它可以单独使用，也可以与其它有机硅或有机柔软剂组合成为特殊的柔软整理剂，适用于各种纺织品和皮革的柔软整理，在纺织工业中得到广泛的应用氨基硅油在皮革行业也有很多成功应用的范例。
近年来，国内市场供应的氨基改性有机硅，在以往用于皮革行业的氨基改性硅油的研究中多以D4等含氢硅烷单体与不饱和官能团单体进行聚合成含所需特定官能团的有机硅低聚物，再经平衡化得到氨基改性聚硅氧烷。这些合成路线较繁琐，最终产物的产率较低，且最终产物的结构有可能与预期不符。应用方面也存在不足，如经其整理的织物呈疏水性，整理后的白色及浅白色织物高温焙烘后易泛黄及氨基改性有机硅乳液稳定性差，在储运和应用过程中经常出现“破乳漂油”现象。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺点与不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种硅氢加成反应合成氨基含氢硅油的方法；该方法采用H2PtCl6做催化剂，从分子结构出发，以一定分子量的聚甲基氢硅氧烷与丙烯胺通过硅氢加成反应，得到氨基接枝改性聚甲基氢硅氧烷聚合物；本合成路线简洁，反应产物产率较高，经核磁与红外光谱表征证明，其结构符合预期结构设计。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现：
一种硅氢加成反应合成氨基含氢硅油的方法，包括以下操作步骤：
(1)将0.1g H2PtCl6.6H2O和37.73g异丙醇一次性加入到氮气保护的反应器中，并搅拌1小时，得到1000PPM的Speier’s催化剂；
(2)在脱氧氮气和干燥条件下，将聚甲基氢硅氧烷(PMHS)和丙烯胺一起加入水热反应釜中，随后加入2-3滴四氢呋喃，搅拌均匀，再加入步骤(1)所得Speier’s催化剂，反应体系中[C＝C]：[Si-H]：[Pt]＝[1]：[2.5]:[1×10-4]，密封水热反应釜，随后以3℃/min的升温速率加热至90℃，反应4-6h，然后停止加热，放置5-6h，等反应体系冷却至室温，开启水热反应釜，将反应液体取出，减压蒸馏30min，去除低沸点物质，得到氨基含氢硅油。
步骤(2)所述聚甲基氢硅氧烷的含氢量为(0.09-1.22)mol/100g。
步骤(2)所述氨基含氢硅油中≡Si-H单元的化合物的转化率为65％-90％。
上述方法中的反应方程式为：
一种由上述的方法制备得到的氨基含氢硅油，该氨基含氢硅油，具有如下式(Ⅰ)所示结构：
上述的氨基含氢硅油在纺织品的后整理中的应用。
从本发明方法使用的反应单体及所得产物的FT-IR图谱比较可知，聚甲基氢硅氧烷和丙烯胺在以H2PtCl6为催化剂，通过严格控制反应条件，可顺利完成接枝反应。所合成的聚合物的红外技术和核磁氢谱图谱表明，两种单体通过接枝反应得到预期设想的聚合物，将柔软效果极好的氨基基团接枝到聚甲基氢硅氧烷的侧链上，对提高皮革纤维的柔软性和手感能将有很大帮助。本发明对氨基改性聚硅氧烷的合成和表征进行了阐述，并将合成的氨基硅油应用于皮革、棉、丝、羊毛及涤纶等纺织品的后整理。处理过的织物和皮革产品具有柔软、滑爽与丰满的手感，并具有良好的防缩性、耐水洗性和透气性。
本发明方法已成功用于不同含氢量(0.09-1.22)mol/100g的硅油改性，由于聚甲基氢硅氧烷(PMHS)在工业生产的附加产品，是个工业的废料，而且大量存在。本方法，我们采用无溶剂的反应体系，催化剂用量相对较少，后处理简单，环境友好，故申请方法保护。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点及效果：
本发明制备的氨基含氢硅油的方法可取代现有的以D4等含氢硅烷单体与不饱和官能团单体进行聚合成含所需特定官能团的有机硅低聚物，再经平衡化得到氨基改性聚硅氧烷的工艺。我们以聚甲基硅氢氧烷为起始原料，直接在线性聚甲基硅氢氧烷侧链接枝，通过硅氢加成反应，可以计算并控制接枝率，合成了含氢量不同的氨基含氢硅油，为工业需求和不同用途而生产不同含氢量的含氢硅油奠定理论基础。另外，聚甲基硅氢氧烷是工业生产的附加产品，便宜、易得而且相当稳定、无毒无害、环境友好。通过硅氢加成反应改性聚甲基硅氢氧烷的工艺简单，反应条件温和，产率高，接枝率可控，是取代传统的以D4等为起始原料通过开环聚合工艺合成氨基含氢硅油的理想方法。
附图说明
图1是实施例1所得氨基含氢硅油的核磁氢谱图。
图2是实施例1所得氨基含氢硅油的在线红外图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进一步说明本发明的内容，但不应理解为对本发明的限制。
实施例1
一种硅氢加成反应合成氨基含氢硅油的方法，包括以下操作步骤：
(1)将0.1g H2PtCl6.6H2O和37.73g异丙醇一次性加入到氮气保护的反应器中，并搅拌1小时，得到1000PPM的Speier’s催化剂；
(2)在脱氧氮气和干燥条件下，将含氢量为(0.09-1.22)mol/100g的聚甲基氢硅氧烷(PMHS)和丙烯胺一起加入水热反应釜中，随后加入2滴四氢呋喃，搅拌均匀，再加入步骤(1)所得Speier’s催化剂，反应体系中[C＝C]：[Si-H]：[Pt]＝[1]：[2.5]:[1×10-4]，密封水热反应釜，随后以3℃/min的升温速率加热至90℃，反应5h，然后停止加热，放置6h，等反应体系冷却至室温，开启水热反应釜，将反应液体取出，减压蒸馏30min，去除低沸点物质，得到淡黄色透明液体。
采用FT-IR与1H-NMR对上述无色透明液体进行检测，结果如图1和图2所示。从图2可以看出，2158cm-1处吸光度的下降和FT-IR的瀑布图显示2158cm-1带的强度在下降，对应于PMHS中的Si-H键，预示着Si-H键逐渐消失，新键的生成；从图1可以看出，在化学位移为1.5ppm和2.25ppm两处分别代表了氨基氢峰和临近氨基边上的亚甲基峰，0ppm左右为骨架上其余的氢的峰，因此，确定了所得产物的结构如下式(Ⅰ)所示，证实了所合成的氨基含氢硅油为目标产物：
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种硅氢加成反应合成氨基含氢硅油的方法，其特征在于包括以下操作步骤：
(1)将0.1g H2PtCl6.6H2O和37.73g异丙醇一次性加入到氮气保护的反应器中，并搅拌1小时，得到1000ppm的Speier’s催化剂；
(2)在脱氧氮气和干燥条件下，将聚甲基氢硅氧烷和丙烯胺一起加入水热反应釜中，随后加入2-3滴四氢呋喃，搅拌均匀，再加入步骤(1)所得Speier’s催化剂，反应体系中[C＝C]：[Si-H]：[Pt]＝[1]：[2.5]:[1×10-4]，密封水热反应釜，随后以3℃/min的升温速率加热至90℃，反应4-6h，然后停止加热，放置5-6h，等反应体系冷却至室温，开启水热反应釜，将反应液体取出，减压蒸馏30min，去除低沸点物质，得到氨基含氢硅油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种硅氢加成反应合成氨基含氢硅油的方法，其特征在于，其特征在于：步骤(2)所述聚甲基氢硅氧烷的含氢量为(0.09-1.22)mol/100g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种硅氢加成反应合成氨基含氢硅油的方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)所述氨基含氢硅油中≡Si-H单元的化合物的转化率为65％-90％。
4.一种由权利要求1所述的方法制备得到的氨基含氢硅油，其特征在于：该氨基含氢硅油，具有如下式(Ⅰ)所示结构：
5.根据权利要求4所述的氨基含氢硅油在纺织品的后整理中的应用。
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