CN116272896A - 一种多级孔mof-808宏观整体材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种多级孔mof-808宏观整体材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多级孔MOF‑808宏观整体材料的制备方法,属于金属有机框架材料的制备及成型领域。该方法将均苯三甲酸溶解于N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺中,然后加入甲酸和八水合氯氧化锆,溶解后进行溶剂热反应,将所得湿凝胶用N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺或乙醇离心洗涤,室温干燥后依次用丙酮、甲醇洗涤,室温干燥后再进行真空干燥,即得到宏观整体的MOF‑808干凝胶。该方法通过调节反应条件和后处理条件,实现了对材料孔径的可控调节,制备得到稳定性好、具有多级孔结构的MOF‑808干凝胶材料。合成的MOF‑808干凝胶材料硬度可达280MPa,可直接使用,无需二次成型,实现了MOF‑808合成和成型一体化,具有较大的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明公开了一种多级孔MOF-808宏观整体材料的制备方法,属于金属有机框架材料MOF-808的制备及成型领域,用于气体的吸附。
背景技术
金属有机框架(MOFs)材料具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、孔道易调和易功能化等特点,吸引了学术界和工业界的广泛关注。经过二十几年的研究,MOFs材料在气体吸附和分离、传感和催化等领域都表现出良好的应用前景,特别是在气体吸附领域,MOFs材料凭借自身独特的多孔性能,使其成为材料化学领域的研究热点。近年来,研究者在MOFs气体吸附领域做了大量研究工作,但在实际应用过程中仍然存在着以下问题:(1)稳定性较差:MOFs是由金属离子或金属氧簇与多齿有机配体通过配位键自组装形成,使得多数MOFs材料的化学稳定性、机械稳定性、热稳定性和水稳定性都较差;(2)孔径调控难度较大:MOFs多为微孔材料,在吸附过程中存在较大的传质阻力,且难以获得多级孔结构,而多级孔结构不仅有利于降低传质阻力,还有利于提高吸附容量,促进协同的多级催化反应;(3)成型困难:该类材料的热稳定性差、密度低,使得传统的机械压缩/挤压成型和粘结剂粘结成型技术在MOFs材料成型方面适用性较差。
目前,可通过调节配体尺寸、结构缺陷、模板剂等方法来扩大MOFs的孔径:①一般来说,MOFs合成采用的配体尺寸越大,其孔径也就越大,但大尺寸的配体通常价格较高,且制备的MOFs稳定性较差;②MOFs合成过程中添加一元羧酸作为调节剂,可在MOFs中引入结构缺陷,且随着调节剂酸性或浓度的提高,MOFs的孔径、孔隙率以及比表面积也有所增大,但孔径的调控范围仍然受到很大限制,仅可获得含量较少,孔径偏小的中孔,更大孔径的中孔或大孔却难以得到;③采用软模板剂或硬模板剂来调节孔径,可获得较大尺寸的中孔、甚至大孔结构的MOFs,但模板剂去除后难以保持孔径形态,且对孔尺寸分布控制较差,适用范围窄。
另外,MOFs材料通常以粉末态存在,作为吸附剂直接填充到吸附床层使用,存在传质受限、压降增大,吸附效率降低、颗粒聚集、加工困难、粉尘污染、回收困难等问题,因此MOFs材料的成型是迈向实际应用的重要步骤。当前MOFs粉末的成型主要通过添加粘结剂,然后采用机械压缩或挤压成型技术将MOFs粉末进行成型加工,该方法能够在一定程度上解决MOFs粉末存在的固有局限,但由于MOFs材料的稳定性和密度较低,在成型过程中容易导致孔结构坍塌和孔道阻塞,且不适合引入中孔或大孔结构,使得该方式不能够最大限度发挥MOFs材料的吸附性能。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有MOFs存在的稳定性较差、孔径调控难度较大、成型技术短缺的问题,提供一种多级孔MOF-808宏观整体材料的制备方法。该方法采用溶胶-凝胶法来制备MOF-808凝胶材料,从结构角度看,该凝胶材料具有短程有序和长程无序的结构特点,与相应MOFs粉末晶体相比,其结晶度较低,但晶格缺陷和真密度较高,有利于提高气体体积吸附容量,此外,该凝胶材料的孔结构同时具有微孔特征的MOF纳米粒子和中孔或大孔特征的MOF纳米粒子构成的间隙,孔结构的调控不仅限于MOFs配体的种类、尺寸、拓扑结构或缺陷等因素,同时,也受到反应温度、反应时间、反应物浓度、反应物配比,后处理方式等多种因素影响,孔结构的调控更加灵活,可以有效增强气体传质能力。从应用角度看,该法得到的MOF凝胶材料具有宏观大尺寸整体或颗粒态结构,不仅能够克服MOFs粉末存在的固有局限,而且能够避免MOFs粉体成型过程带来的孔结构坍塌、孔道阻塞等问题。
本发明解决上述技术问题采用的技术方案:一种多级孔MOF-808宏观整体材料的制备方法步骤如下:
(1)将均苯三甲酸(H3BTC)溶解于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,然后加入甲酸(FA)和八水合氧氯化锆(ZrOCl2·8H2O)溶解,其中DMF和FA的体积比为1∶1;H3BTC和ZrOCl2·8H2O的摩尔比为1∶0.5~5,当反应物比例远低于或远高于理论结构配位比1∶3时,会导致干凝胶产物的产率、孔隙率等性能严重降低;H3BTC的浓度为0.04~0.12mol/L,同理,当H3BTC的浓度小于0.04mol/L或大于0.12mol/L时,也会导致干凝胶产物的产率、孔隙率等性能严重降低;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的溶液转移至密闭反应容器中,在80~120℃条件下,恒温反应6~48h得到非流动的湿凝胶,当反应温度小于80℃或反应时间小于6h,由于反应温度较低或反应时间较短,不能得到凝胶产物,升高反应温度或延长反应时间都有利于凝胶产物生成,然而过高的反应温度或过长的反应时间会导致凝胶部分分解,凝胶产物的产率、性能下降,同时,能耗成本增加;
(3)将步骤(2)中的湿凝胶冷却至20~40℃后,采用DMF或乙醇洗涤1~3次,60mL/次,离心分离出固体,20~40℃干燥得到干凝胶,材料在室温条件下干燥,能够保持材料的物理性能,降低能耗成本(下同);
(4)将步骤(3)中的干凝胶依次用丙酮和甲醇洗涤3次,20mL/次,20~40℃干燥后,在150Pa以下真空干燥,100~130℃活化6~12h,制备得到多级孔的MOF-808宏观整体干凝胶材料,真空干燥压力应小于150Pa,以完全去除孔道中残留的溶剂。
所述MOF-808宏观整体干凝胶材料为MOF-808粒状固体凝胶材料。
所述多级孔为微孔-介孔,其中微孔孔径为0.5~2nm,介孔孔径为3~30nm。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)通过调节反应条件和后处理条件,实现了对材料孔径的可控调节,制备得到具有微孔和介孔特征的多级孔MOF-808干凝胶材料,同时,原料价廉易得,所得材料产率达50%,稳定性好,热分解温度达400℃;
(2)合成的MOF-808干凝胶材料硬度达472MPa,可直接使用,无需二次成型;
(3)成功实现了MOF-808多级孔结构的可控调节以及合成和成型一体化,与对比例1相比,实施例1中MOF-808干凝胶的CO2吸附量提升39%,在气体吸附领域具有较大的应用前景。
附图说明
图1样品图
图中:a为实施例1中MOF-808湿凝胶样品图;b为实施例1中MOF-808干凝胶样品图;
图2 X射线衍射(XRD)对比谱图
图中:a为MOF-808的XRD曲线;b为实施例1中MOF-808干凝胶的XRD曲线;c为实施例2中MOF-808干凝胶的XRD曲线;
纵坐标为相对强度,单位a.u.;横坐标为衍射角,单位°。
图3实施例1中MOF-808干凝胶的透射电子显微镜(TEM)图
图4 MOF-808干凝胶在77K下的N2吸附脱附等温曲线图
图中:a为实施例1中MOF-808干凝胶的N2吸附脱附等温曲线;b为实施例2中MOF-808干凝胶的N2吸附脱附等温曲线;
纵坐标为吸附量,单位cm3/g;横坐标为相对压力,单位P/Po。
图5孔径分布图
图中:a为实施例1中MOF-808干凝胶的BJH孔径分布图;b为实施例2中MOF-808干凝胶的BJH孔径分布图;c为实施例1中MOF-808干凝胶的NLDFT孔径分布图;d为实施例2中MOF-808干凝胶的NLDFT孔径分布图;
纵坐标为微分孔容,单位cm3/g·nm;横坐标为孔径,单位nm。
图6 MOF-808干凝胶在空气氛围下的热重曲线图
图中:a为实施例1中MOF-808干凝胶的热重曲线;b为实施例2中MOF-808干凝胶的热重曲线;
纵坐标为重量损失,单位%;横坐标为温度,单位℃。
图7 25℃下CO2单组分气体吸附等温线
图中:a为实施例1中MOF-808干凝胶的CO2等温吸附曲线;b为实施例2中MOF-808干凝胶的CO2等温吸附曲线;c为对比例1中MOF-808颗粒的CO2等温吸附曲线;
纵坐标为吸附量,单位cm3/g;横坐标为相对压力,单位P/Po。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例和附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明。
实施例1
本发明的一种多级孔MOF-808宏观整体材料的制备方法步骤如下:
(1)将0.679g H3BTC溶解于20ml DMF中,然后加入20ml FA和3.096g ZrOCl2·8H2O溶解;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的溶液转移至100ml蓝盖瓶中,密封后将其放入恒温烘箱中,于100℃条件下,恒温反应24h,得到非流动的湿凝胶(见图1a);
(3)将步骤(2)中的湿凝胶冷却至30℃后,采用DMF洗涤3次,60ml/次,离心分离出固体,30℃干燥得到干凝胶(见图1b);
(4)将步骤(3)中的干凝胶依次用丙酮和甲醇洗涤3次,20ml/次,30℃干燥后,在150Pa以下真空干燥,于110℃条件下,活化12h,制备得到多级孔的MOF-808宏观整体干凝胶材料,该MOF-808干凝胶与MOF-808粉末的XRD衍射峰的峰位置相同(见图2a和图2b),说明成功制备得到MOF-808干凝胶。从微观结构可以看出,MOF-808干凝胶是由致密的纳米粒子无序堆积形成的凝胶网络(见图3)。MOF-808干凝胶的N2吸附脱附等温线是典型的IV型等温线(见图4a),表明其结构中存在微孔和介孔,NLDFT孔径分布进一步证实MOF-808干凝胶结构中含有大量微孔(见图5c),而BJH孔径分布证实了其结构中存在大量介孔,孔径约为5-19nm(见图5a)。热重分析表明该MOF-808干凝胶在空气气氛下稳定性达400℃(见图6a)。
该实例达到的效果及性能(见图7和表1):MOF-808干凝胶的BET比表面积(1149m2/g)低于对比例1的BET比表面积(1196m2/g),但MOF-808干凝胶的CO2吸附量(27.2cm3/g)高于对比例1的CO2吸附量(19.5cm3/g),提升了39%。同时,MOF-808干凝胶的硬度(472MPa)也优于对比例1的硬度(360MPa),能够更好的满足实际应用需要。
实施例2
本发明的一种多级孔MOF-808宏观整体材料的制备方法步骤如下:
(1)将0.679g H3BTC溶解于20ml DMF中,然后加入20ml FA和3.096g ZrOCl2·8H2O溶解;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的溶液转移至100ml蓝盖瓶中,密封后将其放入恒温烘箱中,于100℃条件下,恒温反应24h,得到非流动的湿凝胶;
(3)将步骤(2)中的湿凝胶冷却至30℃后,采用乙醇洗涤3次,60ml/次,离心分离出固体,30℃干燥得到干凝胶;
(4)将步骤(3)中的干凝胶依次用丙酮和甲醇洗涤3次,20ml/次,30℃干燥后,在150Pa以下真空干燥,于110℃条件下,活化12h,制备得到多级孔的MOF-808宏观整体干凝胶材料,该MOF-808干凝胶与MOF-808粉末的XRD衍射峰的峰位置相同(见图2a和图2c),说明成功制备得到MOF-808干凝胶。MOF-808干凝胶的N2吸附脱附等温线是典型的IV型等温线(见图4b),表明其结构中存在微孔和介孔,NLDFT孔径分布进一步证实MOF-808干凝胶结构中含有大量微孔(见图5d),而BJH孔径分布证实了其结构中存在大量介孔,孔径约为5-30nm(见图5b)。热重分析表明该MOF-808干凝胶在空气气氛下稳定性达400℃(见图6b)。
该实例达到的效果及性能(见图7和表1):MOF-808干凝胶的BET比表面积(1160m2/g)与对比例1的BET比表面积(1196m2/g)相当。同时,MOF-808干凝胶的CO2吸附量(18.2cm3/g)也与对比例1的CO2吸附量(19.5cm3/g)接近,但MOF-808干凝胶的硬度(248MPa)低于对比例1的硬度(360MPa)。
对比例1
将0.786g H3BTC和1.209g ZrOCl2·8H2O溶解于150ml DMF和150ml FA混合溶液中,在130℃恒温条件下反应48h,产物分别用DMF和甲醇进行洗涤,得到白色的MOF-808粉末。然后将MOF-808粉末利用压片机在6MPa条件下压结成型10min,破碎得到无规则MOF-808颗粒。
对本发明实施例1、实施例2和对比例1制备得到的MOF-808干凝胶和MOF-808颗粒进行性能评价,测试结果如表1所示:
表1
本发明的制备方法不仅实现了对材料孔径的可控调节,制备得到稳定性好、具有多级孔结构的MOF-808干凝胶材料,而且成功解决了MOF-808的成型问题,实现了MOF-808合成和成型一体化,得到的MOF-808干凝胶在气体吸附方面展现出良好的性能,具有较大的应用前景。
Claims (3)
1.一种多级孔MOF-808宏观整体材料的制备方法,其特征在于该方法步骤如下:
(1)将均苯三甲酸H3BTC溶解于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺DMF中,然后加入甲酸FA、八水合氧氯化锆ZrOCl2·8H2O溶解;均苯三甲酸H3BTC和八水合氧氯化锆ZrOCl2·8H2O的摩尔比为1∶0.5~5,均苯三甲酸H3BTC的浓度为0.04~0.12mol/L;N,N-二甲基甲酰胺DMF和甲酸FA的体积比为1∶1;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的溶液转移至密闭反应容器中,在80~120℃条件下,恒温反应6~48h得到湿凝胶;
(3)将步骤(2)中的湿凝胶冷却至20~40℃后,采用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺DMF或乙醇洗涤1~3次,60mL/次,离心分离出固体,20~40℃干燥得到干凝胶;
(4)将步骤(3)中的干凝胶依次用丙酮和甲醇洗涤3次,20mL/次,20~40℃干燥后,在150Pa以下真空干燥,100~130℃活化6~12h,制备得到多级孔的MOF-808宏观整体干凝胶材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多级孔MOF-808宏观整体材料的制备方法,其特征在于,MOF-808宏观整体干凝胶材料为MOF-808粒状固体凝胶材料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种多级孔MOF-808宏观整体材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述多级孔为微孔-介孔,其中微孔孔径为0.5~2nm,介孔孔径为3~30nm。
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