CN116267456A - Lettuce mechanized cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a lettuce mechanized cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of carrying out facility seedling raising on seeds of lettuce to be cultivated through a plug planter, and carrying out tillage and fertilization on soil to be planted; transplanting the seedlings of lettuce to be cultivated to the land to be planted by using a transplanting machine; and carrying out field management and mechanical cultivation on the transplanted lettuce to be cultivated by using preset cultivation equipment. Compared with the existing cultivation by manpower, the method reduces the manpower input and improves the working efficiency.

Description

Lettuce mechanized cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a lettuce mechanized cultivation method.

Background

Agriculture is the basis of national economy since ancient times, and in order to realize the improvement of economic flight and comprehensive strength of China, china is exploring the road of agricultural development all the time, and great achievement is achieved in various aspects of agriculture technology, economy and society.

At present, lettuce has a certain position in the whole vegetable production and supply system by virtue of good taste and nutritive value, but the conventional lettuce cultivation is still in a manual planting stage, so that the production efficiency is low and the quality is unstable.

The foregoing is provided merely for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention and is not intended to represent an admission that the foregoing is prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a lettuce mechanized cultivation method, and aims to solve the technical problem that the efficiency of manually cultivating lettuce is low in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a lettuce mechanized cultivation method, which includes the following steps:

the method comprises the steps of carrying out facility seedling raising on seeds of lettuce to be cultivated through a plug planter, and carrying out tillage and fertilization on soil to be planted;

transplanting the lettuce seedlings to be cultivated to the land to be planted by using a transplanting machine;

and carrying out field management and mechanical cultivation on the lettuce to be cultivated after transplanting by using preset cultivation equipment.

Optionally, before the step of facility seedling raising of the lettuce seeds to be cultivated by the plug planter, the method further comprises:

the seeds of lettuce to be cultivated are moistened and then placed in a preset cultivation vessel, and the preset cultivation vessel is placed in a refrigerating chamber at the temperature of 4-6 ℃ for treatment;

correspondingly, the step of facility seedling raising of the lettuce seeds to be cultivated by the plug planter comprises the following steps:

sowing the lettuce seeds to be cultivated by a plug sowing machine, and carrying out seedling management on the lettuce seeds to be cultivated, wherein the temperature of seedling management is 16-20 ℃ in daytime and 10 ℃ at night.

Optionally, the step of tillage and fertilization of the land to be planted comprises the following steps:

performing previous stubble treatment on the soil to be planted through a stubble cleaner, and performing leveling treatment on the soil to be planted through a laser land leveler;

carrying out tillage treatment on the soil to be planted by utilizing a rotary cultivator, and broadcasting base fertilizer on the soil to be planted by utilizing a fertilizer spreader;

and ditching and ridging the land to be planted by using a ridger.

Optionally, the step of performing tillage treatment on the land to be planted by using a rotary cultivator comprises the following steps:

and (3) carrying out tillage treatment on the soil to be planted by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the working speed of the rotary cultivator is set according to the soil condition of the soil to be planted, and the working tillage depth is 20-25 cm.

Optionally, the step of applying the base fertilizer to the land to be planted through a fertilizer applicator comprises the following steps:

and spreading base fertilizer to the land to be planted through a fertilizer spreader, wherein the fertilizing amount of the base fertilizer is at least 50% of the total fertilizing amount.

Optionally, before the step of ditching and ridging the land to be planted by using the ridger, the method further comprises:

determining an operation route of the ridger according to the agronomic requirements of lettuce to be planted;

correspondingly, the step of ditching and ridging the land to be planted by using a ridger comprises the following steps:

and (3) ditching and ridging are carried out by using the ridger according to the operation route, wherein the operation width is 140cm, the ridge height is 18-25 cm, and the ridge spacing is 160-180 cm.

Optionally, the step of transplanting the lettuce seedlings to be cultivated to the land to be planted by using a transplanting machine comprises the following steps:

and when the seedling growing age of the lettuce to be cultivated is 25-35 days and the lettuce to be cultivated has 3-4 true leaves, transplanting the lettuce to be cultivated seedlings to the land to be planted by using a transplanting machine.

Optionally, the step of performing field management and mechanized cultivation on the transplanted lettuce to be cultivated by using preset cultivation equipment includes:

performing water spraying irrigation on the transplanted lettuce to be cultivated by using preset irrigation equipment;

weeding, deinsectization and disease prevention are carried out on the lettuce to be cultivated, and topdressing treatment is carried out on the lettuce to be cultivated according to the condition of the base fertilizer;

and carrying out mechanical pest control on the lettuce to be planted through preset control equipment.

Optionally, the step of topdressing the lettuce to be cultivated according to the condition of the base fertilizer includes:

when the base fertilizer is sufficient and the lettuce to be cultivated starts to pelleting, performing first topdressing, and performing second topdressing after 15-20 days;

and when the leaves of the lettuce to be cultivated begin to curl inwards, performing top dressing for the third time.

Optionally, after the step of performing field management and mechanized cultivation on the transplanted lettuce to be cultivated by using preset cultivation equipment, the method further includes:

and (5) carrying out mechanized harvesting operation on lettuce meeting preset harvesting requirements through a lettuce harvester.

The invention carries out facility seedling raising on the seeds of lettuce to be cultivated by a plug planter, and carries out tillage and fertilization on the soil to be planted; transplanting the lettuce seedlings to be cultivated to the land to be planted by using a transplanting machine; and carrying out field management and mechanical cultivation on the lettuce to be cultivated after transplanting by using preset cultivation equipment. Compared with the existing cultivation method by manual mode, the method reduces the manpower input and improves the operation efficiency.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a first embodiment of a lettuce mechanized cultivation method in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a second embodiment of the lettuce mechanized cultivation method;

fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a third embodiment of the lettuce mechanized cultivation method.

The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.

Detailed Description

It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

The embodiment of the invention provides a lettuce mechanized cultivation method, and referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a first embodiment of the lettuce mechanized cultivation method.

In this embodiment, the lettuce mechanized cultivation method includes the following steps:

step S10: the seeds of lettuce to be cultivated are subjected to facility seedling raising through a plug planter, and soil tillage and fertilization are carried out on the soil to be planted.

It should be noted that, the method provided in this embodiment may be applied in a scenario where lettuce is mechanically cultivated, or in other cultivation scenarios.

Furthermore, because lettuce seeds are tiny, the price of the seeds is high, good conditions are required for germination and seedling emergence, and the growth in the seedling stage is sensitive to temperature, in order to smoothly implement the mechanized cultivation of lettuce, seedling cultivation and transplanting methods are adopted for cultivating lettuce to save seedlings. The seedling transplanting not only can increase the quantity of lateral roots of seedlings and the quantity of root systems, but also can shorten the growing time of lettuce planted in fields, thereby achieving the purposes of early and late, and further in the embodiment, before the step S10, the seedling transplanting method further comprises the following steps:

step S01: the seeds of lettuce to be cultivated are put into a preset culture vessel after being moistened, and the preset culture vessel is put into a refrigerating chamber with the temperature of 4-6 ℃ for treatment.

It should be understood that in selecting the seed type of lettuce to be cultivated as described above, the lettuce types may be included, with the lettuce types having: emperor, kaiser, marek, general, sa Lin Nasi, great lake, oriental lucky star, queen, olympic, etc.; the semi-nodulized lettuce comprises: the pasta annual bolting resistant, cold resistant cream lettuce and the like, and the leaf-dispersing lettuce comprises: the Chinese fast-growing, lettuce king, glass lettuce, purple leaf lettuce, sesame oil lettuce and the like; the specific variety can be selected according to the actual situation, and in the hot region in summer, the variety with heat resistance and bolting resistance can be selected during autumn cultivation, and the embodiment of the specific variety is not limited.

It should be emphasized that lettuce has related requirements on cultivation seasons, such as spring sowing and summer harvesting in alpine regions of northeast and northwest; the cultivation can be carried out in the North China and the Yangtze river basin in spring and autumn; the south China can be sown from 9 months to 2 months in the next year, the south China is harvested from 11 months to 4 months in the next year, the specific planting time can be selected according to the region, and the embodiment is not limited.

It should be noted that, the preset culture vessel may include a culture vessel or a gauze bag, and the lettuce seeds need to be treated at a low temperature when sowed in summer, and then need to be placed into a refrigerating chamber for germination acceleration, and then sowed after the germination is exposed.

In the specific implementation, the seeds of lettuce to be cultivated can be firstly moistened by water and then placed in a culture dish or a gauze bag lined with filter paper, and then placed in a refrigerator refrigerating chamber at the temperature of 4-6 ℃ for treatment for 1 day and night.

Correspondingly, the step of facility seedling raising of the lettuce seeds to be cultivated by the plug-in planter can comprise the following steps:

step S11: sowing the lettuce seeds to be cultivated by a plug sowing machine, and carrying out seedling management on the lettuce seeds to be cultivated, wherein the temperature of seedling management is 16-20 ℃ in daytime and 10 ℃ at night.

It can be understood that 105 or 128 holes can be adopted in the plug of the plug planter, and the plug planter can be specifically set according to actual conditions, and meanwhile, because the lettuce is a semi-cold-resistant vegetable, and is in a cold and moist climate condition, a region which is not hot and is hot in summer needs to be paid attention to a cooling measure in a seedling stage and a problem of early bolting in autumn cultivation, the growth temperature is 15-20 ℃, and the plug planter is most suitable for an environment with a larger day-night temperature difference and a lower night temperature; the temperature of the balling room is 15-20 ℃ and is more proper, when the temperature exceeds 25 ℃, the inside of the leaf ball can cause the necrosis and decay of heart leaves due to high temperature, and the growth is bad; the germination temperature of the seeds is 15-20 ℃, is more suitable and is higher than 25 ℃, the germination is poor due to the water absorption of the seed coats, and the germination temperature is 16-20 ℃ in the daytime and 10 ℃ at night during seedling management.

It is also emphasized that the seed dressing with a new high-fat film is also required before sowing; meanwhile, in the later period of seedling raising, the completeness of seedling raising root lump of pot seedlings is an important index of whether the seedlings can be mechanically transplanted or not. The factors influencing the integrity of the root lump of the seedling comprise the substrate proportion, vegetable varieties, seedling age, cultivation measures and the like. The root lump of the pot seedling is smaller, the stability is insufficient during mechanical transplanting, the seedling is not easy to stand in the field planting hole, so that the transplanting field planting is not viable, or additional labor is consumed for seedling support; the quantity of holes is small, so that the pot seedlings are oversized, or the root system quantity is small, the root lump is incomplete, the lump is easy to disperse, the mechanical grabbing is not facilitated, and the seedlings are easy to damage.

In the concrete implementation, after being placed in a refrigerator refrigerating chamber with the temperature of 4-6 ℃ for 1 day and night, the seeds can be sown in a flow line through a plug-tray planter, about 25 g of the seeds can be planted into one mu of field, the seeds are subjected to seedling management, the temperature of the seedling management is 16-20 ℃ in the daytime and 10 ℃ at night.

Further, before transplanting the raw vegetables, tillage and fertilization are also needed to be carried out on the land, specifically, the steps of tillage and fertilization are carried out on the land to be planted, and comprise the following steps:

step S12: and performing previous stubble treatment on the soil to be planted through a stubble cleaner, and performing leveling treatment on the soil to be planted through a laser land leveler.

The stubble is needed to be processed before tillage, stubble can be cleaned at proper time after the front stubble is harvested, tillage is carried out in a proper tillage period of the soil to be planted, and straw returning machine or reverse rotary tillage is applied to field blocks needing straw returning or stubble cleaning.

It is understood that the soil to be planted is preferably cultivated by sandy loam with strong water retention and good drainage because of the slightly acid-loving soil (the best PH is 6-6.3) of lettuce.

It should be understood that the land is divided into land sections according to the topography and soil conditions of the land to be planted before land cultivation, the length and width of the land sections are required to meet the operation requirements of the machine tool, and obstacles such as tree roots, large stones and the like cannot be arranged in the operation area of the laser land leveler during land leveling operation. The soil preparation is fine and smooth, the surface has no sundries, the surface soil is finely crushed and soft, the agricultural requirements are met, the soil is deficient and solid, and the number of large soil blocks with the diameter of more than 10cm is not more than 5 per square meter.

In the concrete implementation, the stubble cleaning machine can be used for carrying out previous stubble treatment on the soil to be planted, and the laser land leveling machine is used for carrying out leveling treatment on the soil to be planted, so that the soil to be planted meets the planting requirement.

Step S13: carrying out tillage treatment on the soil to be planted by utilizing a rotary cultivator, and broadcasting base fertilizer on the soil to be planted by utilizing a fertilizer spreader;

it is to be noted that how the soil environment has great influence on lettuce growth and later yield and quality, and reasonable tillage ensures that the soil is loose and breathable, thereby being more beneficial to lettuce root growth. Therefore, when the soil is ploughed, the soil is required to be carefully prepared, so that the soil layer is loose, the ploughing by a furrow plow can be adopted, the rotary cultivator is used for rotary tillage, and the soil tillage operation can also be directly finished by the rotary cultivator. The operation safety of the rotary cultivator meets the requirements of GB 16151.7.

It is understood that when the rotary cultivator is used for tillage of the soil to be planted, the working speed of the rotary cultivator can be set according to the soil condition of the soil to be planted, and the working tillage depth is 20-25 cm.

The working speed of the rotary cultivator is reasonably adjusted according to soil conditions, and when the rotary cultivator works to turn or transfer across a ridge, the rotary cultivator is lifted to reduce the speed for running. The working cultivation depth is generally 20 cm-25 cm. The original land with shallow plough layer should be applied with organic fertilizer to age soil, and the maximum plough depth is preferably about 25cm.

It should be understood that after the soil to be planted is cultivated, a base fertilizer is applied to the soil to be planted through a fertilizer applicator, wherein the fertilizing amount of the base fertilizer is at least 50% of the total fertilizing amount.

It should be emphasized that the total fertilizing amount can be reasonably determined according to the local agronomic requirements and the soil fertility, and the specific embodiment is not limited, and the boron fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer in the base fertilizer should be prepared according to the soil characteristics, and the general nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 300kg/hm ² ～600kg/hm ² Or a slow release fertilizer of 450kg/hm2; borax 7.5kg/hm ² ～11.25kg/hm ² The fertilization should be continuous and even without broken strips. The fertilizer is uniformly spread without leakage, and the line is changed according to the width of the fertilizer in the mechanical operation process, so that the fertilizer is not repeatedly spread and spread to the edges and corners.

In the concrete implementation, the stubble cleaning and rotary tillage treatment can be performed by using a rotary cultivator, then the organic fertilizer is broadcasted by using a fertilizer spreader, and then the ridging operation is performed by using a ridger.

Step S14: and ditching and ridging the land to be planted by using a ridger.

During lettuce planting, ditching, ridging and other operations are usually carried out on the soil, which is mainly beneficial to planting, irrigation and drainage or reduces soil erosion, so that the sowing quality is improved, and good conditions are created for crop growth.

It will be appreciated that prior to the step of ditching and ridging by the ridger, the method further comprises: determining an operation route of the ridger according to the agronomic requirements of lettuce to be planted; correspondingly, the step of ditching and ridging the land to be planted by using a ridger comprises the following steps: and (3) ditching and ridging are carried out by using the ridger according to the operation route, wherein the operation width is 140cm, the ridge height is 18-25 cm, and the ridge spacing is 160-180 cm.

It is understood that the ridger can be used by a tractor provided with the Beidou automatic navigation system, so that the ridging straightness of ridging operation can be ensured.

In the concrete implementation, the operation route of the ridger can be determined according to the agronomic requirements of lettuce to be planted, the ridger is used for ditching and ridging the soil to be planted according to the operation route.

Step S20: and transplanting the lettuce seedlings to be cultivated to the land to be planted by using a transplanting machine.

After the lettuce seeds to be cultivated grow into seedlings, the seedlings can be transplanted to the land to be planted through a transplanter.

Step S30: and carrying out field management and mechanical cultivation on the lettuce to be cultivated after transplanting by using preset cultivation equipment.

It can be understood that the preset cultivation equipment can comprise a cultivation weeding machine, an unmanned plane, a pesticide spraying machine, a high-clearance spraying machine and the like, and is mainly used for performing field management such as watering, weeding, topdressing, deinsectization and the like on transplanted lettuce to be cultivated.

In the embodiment, the seeds of lettuce to be cultivated are firstly moistened by water and then placed in a culture dish or a gauze bag lined with filter paper, and then placed in a refrigerator refrigerating chamber at the temperature of 4-6 ℃ for treatment for 1 day and night; after 1 day and night, the seeds can be sown in a flow line through a plug sowing machine, and seedling management is carried out on the seeds; when the transplanting time is reached, the stubble cleaning machine can firstly carry out previous stubble treatment on the soil to be planted, and the laser land leveling machine can carry out leveling treatment on the soil to be planted, so that the soil to be planted meets the planting requirement; carrying out tillage treatment on the soil to be planted by utilizing a rotary cultivator, and spreading base fertilizer on the soil to be planted; determining an operation route of a ridger according to agronomic requirements of lettuce to be planted, and ditching and ridging the land to be planted by using the ridger according to the operation route; after the seeds of lettuce to be cultivated grow into seedlings, the seedlings can be transplanted to the land to be planted through a transplanter, and the transplanted lettuce to be cultivated is subjected to field management and mechanized cultivation such as watering, weeding, topdressing, deinsectization and the like through preset cultivation equipment. Compared with the existing artificial cultivation mode, the method reduces labor input, improves operation efficiency, and improves standardized production level.

Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a second embodiment of the lettuce mechanized cultivation method in accordance with the present invention.

In order to implement the mechanized cultivation, as shown in fig. 3, based on the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the step S20 includes:

step S21: and when the seedling growing age of the lettuce to be cultivated is 25-35 days and the lettuce to be cultivated has 3-4 true leaves, transplanting the lettuce to be cultivated seedlings to the land to be planted by using a transplanting machine.

When the seedling age reaches 25-35 days, the seedlings can be transplanted when the seedlings have 3-4 true leaves. The transplanting density is different according to different varieties, different seasons and different cultivation modes. Generally, the lettuce with the seed bearing balls is planted in rows and at a plant spacing of 25-30 cm square, the seed bearing balls are planted in a field of 20-25 cm square, and 5000-6000 plants can be planted in each mu (666.7 square meters). The root system of the seedling needs to be protected as much as possible, the seedling reviving period can be greatly shortened, and the survival rate is improved.

In the specific implementation, after the seedling age and the true leaf number of the lettuce to be cultivated reach certain requirements, transplanting the lettuce seedling to be cultivated to the land to be planted by using a transplanting machine.

Further, because lettuce cannot lack water during growth, particularly in the pelleting period of pelleting lettuce, water is needed to be sufficient, such as drought and water shortage, not only leaf balls are small, but also leaf taste is bitter and quality is poor. However, too much water is not needed, otherwise leaf balls are scattered, the appearance quality is affected, and soft rot and sclerotium are easily caused. And then proper water and fertilizer management is performed, and the stem strengthening agent is sprayed in good time in the growth stage, so that the lettuce with high yield and high quality can be obtained, in the embodiment, the step S30 includes:

step S31: and carrying out water spraying irrigation on the transplanted lettuce to be cultivated by using preset irrigation equipment.

It is to be understood that the above-mentioned preset irrigation device may be a device for irrigation by sprinkling irrigation belt, high-clearance spray, unmanned aerial vehicle, etc., and the embodiment is not limited.

It is understood that the water for seedling reviving needs to be looked at the soil moisture content and the growth condition to master the watering times. Typically, water is poured over a period of 5-7 days. When the air temperature is low in spring, the water quantity is small, and the watering interval is long; the water demand is high in the growing period, and the soil is kept moist; after the leaf ball is formed, watering is controlled to prevent the ball from cracking and rotting due to uneven water content; when the protected cultivation starts to form balls, watering is needed to ensure that the plants need water, and the water cannot be excessive, so that the field humidity is controlled not to be excessive, and the diseases are prevented.

Step S32: and weeding, deinsectization and disease prevention are carried out on the lettuce to be cultivated, and topdressing is carried out on the lettuce to be cultivated according to the condition of the base fertilizer.

After field planting and seedling recovering, the seedlings should be cultivated and weeding is carried out, the soil permeability is enhanced, the root system development is promoted, and meanwhile, the lettuce is subjected to deinsectization and disease prevention treatment, and the specific treatment mode is not limited in the embodiment.

It is understood that during the topdressing treatment, the base fertilizer is used as the main material, the topdressing can be omitted in the early growth stage when the base fertilizer is sufficient, and the growth of the leaves is promoted by topdressing once nitrogen fertilizer along with water until the initial stage of balling; the secondary fertilizer is added 15-20 days, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is better, and about 15-20 kg per mu is used; when the heart leaves start to curl inwards, the compound fertilizer is applied once again, and about 20 kg of compound fertilizer is used for each mu.

It is understood that the additional fertilizer treatment can be carried out by adopting a drip irrigation belt to carry out water and fertilizer integrated irrigation or a high-clearance sprayer fertilizer applicator to spray foliar fertilizer.

In the specific implementation, under the condition that the base fertilizer is sufficient and the lettuce to be cultivated starts to form balls, performing first topdressing, and performing second topdressing after 15-20 days; and when the leaves of the lettuce to be cultivated begin to curl inwards, performing top dressing for the third time.

Step S33: and carrying out mechanical pest control on the lettuce to be planted through preset control equipment.

It should be understood that the above-mentioned preset control device may be a device for pest control such as an unmanned aerial vehicle, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment, since diseases mainly include downy mildew, soft rot, virus disease, dry rot, top burn, etc.; the insect pests mainly include leaf miner, white fly, aphid, thrips and the like, while the lettuce is mainly used for eating, and the insect pests are mainly prevented. The comprehensive measures such as strengthening field management and the like are enhanced, and the chemical control is to select low-toxicity, high-efficiency and low-residue pesticides. Lettuce contains abundant vitamins and minerals, and is easy to obtain nuisance-free products without pesticides in the cultivation process.

In the embodiment, after the seedling age of the lettuce to be cultivated and the true leaf number of the seedlings reach a certain requirement, transplanting the seedlings of the lettuce to be cultivated to the land to be planted by using a transplanting machine; and field management and mechanized cultivation such as watering, weeding, topdressing, pest control and the like are performed through preset cultivation equipment, so that the manpower input is reduced, and the operation efficiency is improved.

Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a third embodiment of the lettuce mechanized cultivation method in accordance with the present invention.

As shown in fig. 3, in order to achieve mechanized harvesting at the time of harvesting, in this embodiment, after the step S30, the method further includes:

step S40: and (5) carrying out mechanized harvesting operation on lettuce meeting preset harvesting requirements through a lettuce harvester.

It should be noted that, the preset harvesting requirement may be that lettuce to be cultivated meets the harvesting requirement, in this embodiment, the lettuce with the bulbs is harvested timely, and the bulbs are formed after planting for 40-70 days according to different varieties and different cultivation seasons, and the lettuce with bulbs can be harvested by lightly pressing the bulbs with hands. The harvesting period of the lettuce with loose leaves is flexible, the harvesting specification has no strict requirement, and the lettuce with loose leaves can be determined according to market demands. The lettuce harvesting period meets the requirements of DB 22/T1501.1 technical regulations for producing nuisanceless agricultural products on open field vegetables.

It will be appreciated that the harvesting should be selected from lettuce-specific harvesters and that the specific lettuce harvester is not limited in this example.

In the embodiment, 40-70 days after the field planting of the raw vegetables, leaf balls are formed, and the raw vegetables can be harvested by the lettuce harvester by lightly pressing the raw vegetables with hands.

It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or system that comprises the element.

The foregoing embodiment numbers of the present invention are merely for the purpose of description, and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments. From the above description of the embodiments, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the above-described embodiment method may be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, but of course may also be implemented by means of hardware, but in many cases the former is a preferred embodiment. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied essentially or in a part contributing to the prior art in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium (e.g. read-only memory/random-access memory, magnetic disk, optical disk), comprising instructions for causing a terminal device (which may be a mobile phone, a computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.

The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather is intended to cover any equivalents of the structures or equivalent processes disclosed herein or in the alternative, which may be employed directly or indirectly in other related arts.

Claims (10)

1. A lettuce mechanized cultivation method, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the steps of carrying out facility seedling raising on seeds of lettuce to be cultivated through a plug planter, and carrying out tillage and fertilization on soil to be planted;

transplanting the lettuce seedlings to be cultivated to the land to be planted by using a transplanting machine;

and carrying out field management and mechanical cultivation on the lettuce to be cultivated after transplanting by using preset cultivation equipment.

2. The method for mechanically cultivating lettuce as in claim 1, further comprising, prior to said step of growing seedlings of lettuce seeds to be cultivated by a tray planter:

the seeds of lettuce to be cultivated are moistened and then placed in a preset cultivation vessel, and the preset cultivation vessel is placed in a refrigerating chamber at the temperature of 4-6 ℃ for treatment;

correspondingly, the step of facility seedling raising of the lettuce seeds to be cultivated by the plug planter comprises the following steps:

sowing the lettuce seeds to be cultivated by a plug sowing machine, and carrying out seedling management on the lettuce seeds to be cultivated, wherein the temperature of seedling management is 16-20 ℃ in daytime and 10 ℃ at night.

3. A method of mechanically cultivating lettuce as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said step of tillage and fertilising the land to be planted comprises:

performing previous stubble treatment on the soil to be planted through a stubble cleaner, and performing leveling treatment on the soil to be planted through a laser land leveler;

carrying out tillage treatment on the soil to be planted by utilizing a rotary cultivator, and broadcasting base fertilizer on the soil to be planted by utilizing a fertilizer spreader;

and ditching and ridging the land to be planted by using a ridger.

4. A lettuce mechanized cultivation method according to claim 3, wherein said step of using a rotary cultivator to cultivate said land to be planted comprises:

and (3) carrying out tillage treatment on the soil to be planted by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the working speed of the rotary cultivator is set according to the soil condition of the soil to be planted, and the working tillage depth is 20-25 cm.

5. A lettuce mechanized cultivation method according to claim 3, wherein said step of applying base fertilizer to said land to be planted by a fertilizer applicator comprises:

and spreading base fertilizer to the land to be planted through a fertilizer spreader, wherein the fertilizing amount of the base fertilizer is at least 50% of the total fertilizing amount.

6. The mechanized lettuce cultivation method according to claim 3, wherein before said step of ditching and ridging said land to be planted using a ridger, further comprising:

determining an operation route of the ridger according to the agronomic requirements of lettuce to be planted;

correspondingly, the step of ditching and ridging the land to be planted by using a ridger comprises the following steps:

and (3) ditching and ridging are carried out by using the ridger according to the operation route, wherein the operation width is 140cm, the ridge height is 18-25 cm, and the ridge spacing is 160-180 cm.

7. The method of mechanized cultivation of lettuce according to claim 1, wherein said step of transplanting said lettuce seedlings to said planting land using a transplanting machine, comprises:

and when the seedling growing age of the lettuce to be cultivated is 25-35 days and the lettuce to be cultivated has 3-4 true leaves, transplanting the lettuce to be cultivated seedlings to the land to be planted by using a transplanting machine.

8. The mechanical lettuce cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein said step of performing field management and mechanical cultivation of said transplanted lettuce to be cultivated by using a preset cultivation device comprises:

performing water spraying irrigation on the transplanted lettuce to be cultivated by using preset irrigation equipment;

weeding, deinsectization and disease prevention are carried out on the lettuce to be cultivated, and topdressing treatment is carried out on the lettuce to be cultivated according to the condition of the base fertilizer;

and carrying out mechanical pest control on the lettuce to be planted through preset control equipment.

9. The method for mechanically cultivating lettuce as claimed in claim 8, wherein said step of applying additional fertilizer to said lettuce to be cultivated based on a base fertilizer condition comprises:

when the base fertilizer is sufficient and the lettuce to be cultivated starts to pelleting, performing first topdressing, and performing second topdressing after 15-20 days;

and when the leaves of the lettuce to be cultivated begin to curl inwards, performing top dressing for the third time.

10. The mechanical lettuce cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the step of performing field management and mechanical cultivation of the transplanted lettuce to be cultivated by using a preset cultivation device, the method further comprises:

and (5) carrying out mechanized harvesting operation on lettuce meeting preset harvesting requirements through a lettuce harvester.

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