CN116267304A - Application of isolation net in strawberry breeding and strawberry isolation breeding method - Google Patents
Application of isolation net in strawberry breeding and strawberry isolation breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of strawberry breeding, in particular to application of an isolation net in strawberry breeding and a strawberry isolation breeding method. The isolation net provided by the invention has the following advantages: 1) The creeping stem seedlings of different breeding lines can be effectively prevented from creeping in series during summer seedling propagation, and the pure genotype of the strawberry breeding material is ensured; 2) The method has the advantages that when excellent single plants or excellent plant (product) lines of strawberries with different genotypes are isolated, the risk of pathogen mutual infection among different breeding materials can be reduced, for example, the use of an isolation net can effectively prevent the mutual migration strings of pathogen-carrying leaves or bacteria-carrying damaged parts of plant bodies of disease plants among adjacent breeding materials, namely, the risk of disease such as anthracnose and the like caused by the breeding materials among different cells is reduced; 3) The main body net material selected by the invention can effectively reduce sunburn phenomenon caused by strong sunlight in summer seedling propagation, and can also reduce the soil temperature of part of seedling ridge surfaces and reduce infection of soil-borne diseases such as fusarium wilt and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of strawberry breeding, in particular to application of an isolation net in strawberry breeding and a strawberry isolation breeding method.
Background
At present, the strawberry breeding units in China mainly adopt a conventional crossbreeding mode to breed new strawberry varieties. The key steps of strawberry breeding are as follows: 1) Obtaining conventional hybrid seeds through hybridization of a parent and a female parent, sowing the obtained seeds into seedlings, wherein the obtained hybrid seedlings are called 'hybrid single plants', and after initial evaluation on disease resistance, precocity, fruit quality and the like, eliminating inferior hybrid single plants, and initially screening to obtain hybrid single plants with excellent characters, namely 'excellent single plants' (theoretically, the genotypes of each excellent single plant are different); 2) Transplanting the excellent single plants into a field in the last spring festival of the next year, and carrying out asexual propagation to obtain creeping stem propagation seedlings; the principle of the asexual propagation process is based on: the asexual organ of the strawberry plant, namely the characteristic that the second section of the creeping stem can develop into independent seedlings, carries out the quantitative propagation on the excellent single plant so as to further objectively and accurately evaluate; at this time, a plurality of strawberry plant groups with consistent genotypes are obtained through asexual propagation and are called excellent strains; 3) The obtained excellent strain is subjected to continuous identification evaluation, elimination and screening for a plurality of years, and then the strawberry strain with excellent comprehensive properties can be obtained; 4) Sending the product to a new variety protection office of the agricultural rural department, and obtaining new variety rights after DUS (diversity, consistency and stability) test is qualified. In general, the strawberry breeding cycle is at least 7 to 8 years when breeding is smooth.
Therefore, the method ensures the seed purity and safety and high efficiency in the process of the asexual propagation of the excellent single plant of the strawberry in summer, and is a core element for ensuring the identification and evaluation of the excellent plant or the strain obtained in the subsequent step. At present, in the breeding process of strawberry breeding science and technology workers in China, different excellent single plant field seedlings of strawberries are mostly adopted to maintain a certain distance, and marks such as land inserting cards are used for distinguishing. However, because of more rainwater in summer, the method is suitable for the strawberries to climb the ground to quickly form seedlings, so that creeping stem seedlings among different excellent single plants are easy to climb mutually and cross, the obtained single excellent plant is impure in species, and the accuracy of further identification and evaluation is interfered. In addition, the number of individual plants of the strawberry breeding hybrid is large, so that the number of excellent individual plants obtained by early screening is often large. In addition, in hot summer, the strawberry seedlings are more in rainwater, the outbreak of strawberry anthracnose is easy to cause, the threat of good single plants which pass through a primary screening and only have 1 plant is large, the accidental survival is high, if the early hybridization and primary screening identification loss is lost, and the good genes carried by the lost good single plants disappear. Therefore, a breeding isolation tool for preventing different excellent single plants of strawberries from creeping stem seedlings is developed, and the strawberry breeding efficiency is effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an application of an isolation net in strawberry breeding and a strawberry isolation breeding method. The isolation net provided by the invention can effectively prevent excellent single plants or excellent strains or strains of strawberry breeding, and the genotype of the strawberry in the process of breeding in summer is mixed, so that creeping stem seedlings of different breeding materials are prevented from mutually creeping and stringing, and the efficient and smooth strawberry breeding work is ensured.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides an application of an isolation net in strawberry breeding, wherein the isolation net comprises a net material and a supporting body; the pore size of the net material is 2-4 mm; the net material can be naturally erected when being independently and vertically placed; the color of the web material comprises white; the light transmittance of the net material is transparent or semitransparent;
the support body comprises a material capable of supporting the net material to stand upright.
Preferably, the diameter of the support body is less than or equal to the aperture of the net material; length of the support = height of the mesh + depth of support inserted into breeding soil.
Preferably, the depth of the support body inserted into the breeding soil is 10-30 cm.
Preferably, the support body comprises bamboo sticks and/or iron wires.
Preferably, the height of the net material is 20-50 cm; the width of the net material is more than or equal to the width of the ridge.
Preferably, the thickness of the net material is 0.5-1.5 mm; the net material comprises polyethylene.
Preferably, the polyethylene comprises high density polyethylene.
The invention also provides a strawberry isolation breeding method, which comprises the following steps:
along the ridge direction, from a starting point to a finishing point, an isolation net is arranged at a position 10cm to 30cm away from the front of each strawberry plant; the isolation net is perpendicular to the breeding soil and the ridge direction;
the isolation net is used in the technical scheme.
Preferably, the method for setting comprises the following steps: fixing the net material on the support body to enable the height directions of the support body and the net material to be parallel; and vertically inserting the support body fixed with the net material into breeding soil.
Preferably, the strawberry individual plants comprise excellent individual plants or strawberry mother plants.
The beneficial effects are that:
the invention provides an application of an isolation net in strawberry breeding, wherein the isolation net comprises a net material and a supporting body; the pore size of the net material is 2-4 mm; the net material can be naturally erected when being independently and vertically placed; the color of the web material comprises white; the light transmittance of the net material is transparent or semitransparent; the support body comprises a material capable of supporting the net material to stand upright. The isolation net provided by the invention has the following advantages: 1) The creeping stem seedlings of different breeding lines can be effectively prevented from creeping in series during summer seedling propagation, and the pure genotype of the strawberry breeding material is ensured; 2) The method has the advantages that when excellent single plants or excellent plant (product) lines of strawberries with different genotypes are isolated, the risk of pathogen mutual infection among different breeding materials can be reduced, for example, the use of the isolation net can effectively prevent the mutual migration strings of pathogen-carrying leaves or bacteria-carrying damaged parts of plant bodies of disease plants among adjacent breeding materials, namely, the risk of disease such as anthracnose and the like caused by the breeding materials among different cells is reduced; 3) The main body net material selected by the invention can effectively reduce sunburn phenomenon caused by strong sunlight in summer seedling propagation, and can also reduce the soil temperature of part of seedling ridge surfaces and reduce the infection of soil-borne diseases such as fusarium wilt and the like; 4) The isolation net can also be used at the beginning of the propagation of the strawberry mother plant in early spring to prevent the mutual drift of seeds on fruits which are stored on partial propagation mother plants or pollen on newly generated flowers and cause pollution.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the isolation effect of an isolation net on good individual plants of strawberries;
fig. 2 is a graph of the insulation effect of a panel and an insulation net on a good individual of strawberry.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an application of an isolation net in strawberry breeding, wherein the isolation net comprises a net material and a supporting body; the pore size of the net material is 2-4 mm; the net material can be naturally erected when being independently and vertically placed; the color of the web material comprises white; the light transmittance of the net material is transparent or semitransparent;
the support body comprises a material capable of supporting the net material to stand upright.
In the present invention, the support preferably comprises bamboo sticks and/or iron wires; the diameter of the support body is preferably smaller than or equal to the aperture of the net material, more preferably the support body can penetrate through the meshes of the net material and can be in a clamping state; the length of the support is preferably = the height of the mesh + the depth of insertion of the support into the breeding soil; the depth of the support body inserted into the breeding soil is preferably 10-30 cm, more preferably the depth of the support body inserted into the breeding soil is determined according to the soil quality, and the support body comprises: when the breeding soil is loam or sandy loam, the depth of the support body inserted into the breeding soil is preferably 20-30 cm; when the breeding soil is clay, the depth of the support body inserted into the breeding soil is preferably [ 10-20 ] cm, namely more than or equal to 10cm and less than 20cm.
The pore size of the net material is 2-4 mm, preferably 3mm; the net material can be naturally erected when being independently and vertically placed; the color of the web material comprises white; the light transmittance of the net material is transparent or semitransparent; the mesh is preferably diamond-shaped; the height of the web is preferably 20 to 50cm, more preferably 25 to 40cm, and even more preferably 30cm; the width of the net material is preferably equal to or more than the width of the ridge, and more preferably the width of the net material is equal to the width of the ridge; the thickness of the web is preferably 0.5 to 1.5mm, more preferably 1mm; the material of the net material preferably comprises polyethylene; the polyethylene preferably comprises a high density polyethylene.
The isolation net provided by the invention mainly comprises a hollowed-out net as a main material, namely the net material provided by the invention, wherein the support body is preferably a hard support column which can pass through meshes of the net material and can be properly clamped in the meshes; the net material and the supporting body are connected by using the buckle ribbon for fixing, and the upper edge of the net material is bent for 1-3 cm during fixing and is fixed on the supporting body (see B in figure 1) so as to fully fix the net material and the supporting body. The use of the material of the breeding isolation net and the selection of the material playing a role of fixing and supporting are particularly important because the laying of the spraying pipeline is involved in the propagation of the excellent single plant of the strawberry in summer and the influences of factors such as ventilation, light transmission, cooling and the like of the propagation of the strawberry in summer are considered. According to the invention, through selecting the net materials which have gaps, moderate hardness and moderate color, do not absorb heat and transmit light, and combining with a proper support body, excellent single plants or excellent strains or strains of strawberry breeding can be effectively prevented, genotype mixing in the process of propagating seedlings in summer can be prevented, creeping stem seedlings of different breeding materials can be prevented from mutually creeping, and the efficient and smooth strawberry breeding work can be ensured.
The invention also provides a strawberry isolation breeding method, which comprises the following steps:
along the ridge direction, from a starting point to a finishing point, an isolation net is arranged at a position 10cm to 30cm away from the front of each strawberry individual plant; the isolation net is perpendicular to the breeding soil and the ridge direction;
the isolation net is used in the technical scheme.
As shown in fig. 1, an isolation net is arranged 10-30 cm in front of each individual strawberry plant from the start point to the end point along the ridge direction (see B and C in fig. 1); the isolation net is perpendicular to the breeding soil and the direction of the ridges. In the invention, the distance between the isolation net and the front of each strawberry individual plant is 10-30 cm, preferably 15-20 cm, more preferably 15cm.
In the present invention, the method of setting preferably includes: fixing the net material on the support body to enable the height directions of the support body and the net material to be parallel; the support body with the net material fixed thereto is vertically inserted into the breeding soil (see fig. 1).
In the invention, when the spraying pipeline is arranged on the breeding soil, the lower edge of the breeding isolation net is preferably bent according to the thickness of the spraying pipeline, so that the working space of the spraying pipeline is ensured, and the lower edge of the breeding isolation net can be attached to the surface of a seedling ridge.
In the present invention, the fixing method of the mesh material to the support body preferably includes fixing with a buckle and/or a tie; more preferably, the support body is passed through the mesh of the net material and fixed by means of a buckle and/or a tie, and finally bent downward by 1 to 3cm at the uppermost end in the height direction of the net material and fixed to the support body (see B in fig. 1). According to the invention, through a proper fixing mode, the net material can be better fixed on the support body, and slip strings and even falling off between the support body and the net material are prevented.
In the present invention, the strawberry individual plants preferably include a superior individual plant or a strawberry mother plant.
After the isolation net is arranged, the labor input for arranging excellent single seedlings of strawberries can be greatly reduced, and other field operations such as pesticide spraying and the like can be normally performed. After the seedlings are propagated, the earth inserting part of the breeding isolation net support body can be cleaned at high points, main materials such as net materials and the like are cleaned synchronously and then collected, and the seedlings are reused when propagated next year.
For further explanation of the present invention, the application of the isolation net provided by the present invention in strawberry breeding and a method for strawberry isolation breeding will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A strawberry isolation breeding method comprises the following steps:
1) Selection of a web material and determination of its height:
the height of the selected net material is 30cm, the meshes are diamond-shaped, the mesh size is 3mm, and the thickness of the net material is 1mm; the net material is polyethylene (HDPE) flat net, is environment-friendly and durable, and can be repeatedly used for many years; the net material has moderate softness and hardness, and can be independently and vertically placed and naturally erected; the color state of the net material is white semitransparent;
2) Cutting a web material with proper width:
the breeding base is a water white Ma Zhiwu scientific base of the academy of agricultural sciences of Jiangsu province, the experimental time is 2022, 4 months to 8 months, 1000 strains are counted in total, the total length of the net materials in the step 1) is required to be 1200m according to the width of the strawberry seedling raising ridge of the breeding base, namely, the number of the strawberry breeding isolation nets with the width of 1.2m multiplied by 30cm obtained by cutting is 1000; the interval between each excellent single plant in the embodiment is set to be 1m;
3) Support selection and overall length establishment:
according to the mesh diameter of the net material in the step 1) of 3mm, selecting bamboo sticks which can play a role in fixing as a supporting body, wherein one end of each bamboo stick is pointed, the other end of each bamboo stick is flat, and the diameter of each bamboo stick is 4mm; the support bamboo sticks in the step can just pass through the meshes of the net material and can be in a clamping state with the net material; considering that the soil quality of the seedling raising ridge is sticky and heavy in this embodiment, the ground depth of the support bamboo sticks is set to be 10cm, so the total length of the support bamboo sticks in this embodiment should be: the height of the net material is 30cm, the additional ground inserting depth is 10cm, namely the total length is 40cm;
4) Inserting and assembling the support body and the net material:
assembling the net material cut in the step 2) and the support body in the step 3), comprehensively considering the width of the seedling raising ridge and the material property and hardness degree of the net material, selecting 3 bamboo sticks of the support body for each breeding isolation net, and inserting the net material in the embodiment in such a way that 1 bamboo stick vertically penetrates through the net material at two sides and in the middle, one end of a tip of each bamboo stick penetrates through 1 mesh at the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the net material respectively, and finally is inserted into the seedling raising ridge, so that the net material can be fully fixed; in addition, in the embodiment, after the excellent single plants of the strawberries are planted in the field, namely before the isolation net is installed, the lower edge of the isolation net is bent according to the thickness of the spraying pipeline, so that the working space of the spraying pipeline is ensured, and the lower edge of the isolation net can be attached to the surface of the seedling ridge;
5) Fixing the supporting body and the net material:
in the embodiment, the net material and the supporting body are fixed by using the white fixing buckle ribbon, so that slip strings and even falling off are prevented from occurring between the supporting body and the net material, in order to ensure the fixing effect to be sufficiently and thoroughly, the net material in the step 2) can be folded back along the position of 3cm during fixing, and the folded back net material part and the supporting body bamboo sticks are bundled together by using the fixing buckle ribbon so as to play a role of sufficiently fixing the net material and the supporting body;
6) A breeding isolation net is installed on the seedling raising ridge:
the installation time of the breeding isolation net is 14 days after the excellent single plant of breeding is transplanted into the field, so that whether the strawberry is transplanted to survive can be determined; the assembled breeding isolation net is well fixed by being inserted in the place 15cm in front of each excellent breeding single plant; the method comprises the specific operation that according to the pre-measured ground inserting depth of 10cm, the support body bamboo sticks (tip ends) of the assembled breeding isolation net in the step 5) are vertically inserted on strawberry seedling breeding ridges, so that the isolation net is kept in an upright state as a whole, and a sufficient isolation blocking effect is expected to be achieved between seedlings of different excellent single plants of strawberries (the specific installation state is shown as A in fig. 1);
7) Cleaning and finishing a breeding isolation net:
after the breeding isolation net is installed, the manual investment for arranging excellent single plant seedlings of strawberries and the like can be greatly reduced, and other field operation lines such as fertilization, pesticide spraying and the like are routinely managed; after the breeding is finished, in order to prevent each component of the breeding isolation net from deforming due to long-term placement, the components are disassembled into independent components for cleaning and storage, the ground inserting part of the support body bamboo sticks of the breeding isolation net is cleaned and disinfected, main body parts such as net materials are cleaned and collected synchronously, and the breeding isolation net is reused in the next year. The growing process of the excellent single plant of the strawberry at different stages is shown in figure 1, wherein A in figure 1 is the effect of the breeding isolation net after the installation is finished; b in FIG. 1 is the vertical isolation effect of the breeding isolation net in high temperature weather; c in the figure 1 is the isolation effect of a breeding isolation net in an initial stage of forming a good single plant stolon seedling of the strawberry; d in FIG. 1 is the use effect of the breeding isolation net when a large number of excellent single plants of the strawberries are propagated to form seedlings.
Comparative example 1
A strawberry breeding method similar to example 1 was unique in that no breeding spacer net was used.
Statistics of the creeping shoot seedling climbing string incidence, anthracnose incidence and sunburn incidence of example 1 and comparative example 1, the incidence calculation method is the ratio of the number of occurrence samples to the total number of samples, 3 parallel experiments are performed, and the statistical results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 survey statistics of the effect of use of the breeding spacer
| Group of | Creeping shoot seedling climbing string incidence (%) | Incidence of anthracnose (%) | Incidence of sunburn (%) |
| Example 1 | 1.1±0.2 | 4.3±0.5 | 10.0±0.1 |
| Comparative example 1 | 11.3±0.1 | 7.9±0.3 | 12.1±0.4 |
Note that: the genetic background of the excellent single plants of the strawberries among the two groups of investigation is consistent, the sample sizes of the excellent single plants of the two groups of investigation are 500 plants respectively, and the data in the table are average number +/-standard error.
As can be seen from table 1, in the breeding process of the stolon seedlings of different excellent single plants of strawberries, the use of the breeding isolation net has a good effect of preventing the creeping of the stolon seedlings among the excellent single plants, the occurrence rate of the creeping of the stolon seedlings among the excellent single plants of the breeding without the use of the breeding isolation net is reduced by 10.2%, and the occurrence rate of the Miao Tanju disease and the sunburn phenomenon of the bred stolon is investigated, so that the white semitransparent breeding isolation net in the embodiment has a certain positive effect on reducing the occurrence of anthracnose and high-temperature sunburn.
Comparative example 2
A strawberry breeding method similar to the embodiment 1 is only different in that a simple isolation fence formed by cutting a wall panel is used, and the wall panel is made of PVC;
the fence is made of PVC material, has no ventilation and light transmission effects, and is not suitable for manufacturing too high in height due to weather factors such as intersection of wind and rain, and is suitable for being arranged at 20cm (10 cm for fence insertion ground and 10cm for ground) in comparative example 2 through comprehensive practical consideration, and the isolation effects are shown as A in FIG. 2 and B in FIG. 2.
As can be seen from a and B in fig. 2, the guard wall panel is easily crossed by the creeping stems generated by the adjacent strawberry breeding preferred plants to cause the climbing string phenomenon (as shown by arrows), and the whole ground insertion is difficult; in addition, the length and width specifications of the common wall panels in the market are generally 300cm long by 60cm wide, so that the isolation fence manufactured by manually cutting the wall panels is time-consuming and labor-consuming; as can be seen from fig. 2C, the isolation effect of the breeding isolation net for stolons seedlings among excellent strains of strawberry breeding by adopting the method in example 1 is ideal, and the shadow part (shown by arrow) of the isolation net can play a certain role in shading and cooling for the strawberry height Wen Fanmiao in summer.
Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some, but not all, embodiments of the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be devised in accordance with the present embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The application of the isolation net in strawberry breeding, wherein the isolation net comprises a net material and a support body; the pore size of the net material is 2-4 mm; the net material can be naturally erected when being independently and vertically placed; the color of the web material comprises white; the light transmittance of the net material is transparent or semitransparent;
the support body comprises a material capable of supporting the net material to stand upright.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the support is not greater than the pore size of the web; length of the support = height of the mesh + depth of support inserted into breeding soil.
3. The use according to claim 2, wherein the support is inserted into the breeding soil to a depth of 10-30 cm.
4. Use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the support comprises bamboo sticks and/or iron wires.
5. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the web has a height of 20-50 cm; the width of the net material is more than or equal to the width of the ridge.
6. The use according to claim 1, wherein the web has a thickness of 0.5-1.5 mm; the net material comprises polyethylene.
7. The use according to claim 6, wherein the polyethylene comprises high density polyethylene.
8. A method for isolated breeding of strawberries, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
along the ridge direction, from a starting point to a finishing point, an isolation net is arranged at a position 10cm to 30cm away from the front of each strawberry plant; the isolation net is perpendicular to the breeding soil and the ridge direction;
the spacer mesh is a spacer mesh in the application of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method of setting comprises: fixing the net material on the support body to enable the height directions of the support body and the net material to be parallel; and vertically inserting the support body fixed with the net material into breeding soil.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the strawberry individual comprises a elite individual or a strawberry mother plant.
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