CN116162518A - 一种富含有机硒的枸杞酒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种富含有机硒的枸杞酒及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种富含有机硒的枸杞酒,该枸杞酒在采用富硒酵母发酵的同时,通过辅助添加富硒酵母有机硒的方法制成。其制备方法包括:将单独发酵的富硒酵母进行破壁、酶解硒蛋白,将释放的含硒氨基酸添加到酒中,以制备成有机硒型富硒枸杞酒。本发明提供的枸杞酒含有丰富的硒氨基酸有利于人体直接吸收,该产品饮用后能够达到抗氧化、抑制人体残余自由基的作用。此外,本发明酿酒技术简单,有机硒含量达到富硒饮品的标准,满足了消费者对富硒产品的需求,拓展了人体科学补硒的渠道。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于保健酒技术领域,涉及一种具有抗氧化活性的富含有机硒的枸杞酒及其制备方法。
背景技术
果酒具有丰富的营养保健作用。随着人们健康和保健意识的逐渐增强,养生保健果酒作为大众日常饮品进入消费市场具有较大的潜力和发展空间。
硒元素在维持人类健康和疾病防治中具有重要作用,对于人类健康而言,硒的摄入能够改善人体抗氧化功能、抑制细胞的氧化损伤及提高机体抵抗炎症反应的能力。硒可以作为辅助抗氧化剂抑制甲状腺癌及女性HPV感染等疾病。中国营养学会已将硒列为每日膳食营养素之一。其中,有机硒的活性和利用率均被证明显著高于无机硒(硒酸盐及亚硒酸盐)。
目前天然农作物中的硒含量均较低,不能满足人体所需。枸杞吸收土壤无机硒并转化为有机硒的能力有限,导致酿造酒中总硒含量与有机硒占比均较低,使得枸杞酒中硒含量常常无法达到富硒食品的标准。
发明内容
为解决这一问题,本发明旨在提供一种富含有机硒且具有高抗氧化能力的枸杞酒。
为实现上述目的,以质量百分比计,本发明提供的富硒枸杞酒所需的原料包括:76~79%的枸杞汁、2%的富硒酵母、0.01~3.01%的富硒酵母提取物、0.98%的柠檬酸、1%的果胶酶、0.01%的二氧化硫与17%的蔗糖。
特别地,本发明所述枸杞汁是由药食两用的枸杞,破碎压榨得到的,本发明采用的富硒酵母中有机硒含量不低于总硒含量的80%。
进一步地,本发明所述富硒酵母提取物是通过酵母粗蛋白碱提提取、酶解、再超滤释放得到硒氨基酸。
更进一步地,本发明所述富硒枸杞酒的制备步骤包括:将枸杞汁、蔗糖、二氧化硫混合制成液体发酵基,将富硒酵母活化后接种于所述液体发酵基中进行发酵得到富硒酒;提取富硒酵母中的硒氨基酸得到所述富硒酵母提取物,在富硒酒酿制结束后将所述富硒酵母提取物添加于富硒酒中得到富硒枸杞酒;将酿制好的富硒枸杞酒进行杀菌灌装,阴凉条件下贮存。
更进一步地,本发明通过FRAP(铁离子还原/抗氧化能力法)与DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼)法测定所述富硒枸杞酒的抗氧化能力,经测定,本发明所述富硒枸杞酒的抗氧化能力显著优于普通枸杞酒。
更进一步地,本发明还采用HG-AFS(氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱仪)测定所述富硒枸杞酒中的硒含量,经测定,本发明制备得到的富硒枸杞酒中有机硒的含量不低于总硒含量的80%。
通过上述技术方案,结合实施例本发明提供的富含有机硒的枸杞酒至少具有下述有益效果或优点:
1.本发明所述的枸杞酒中的硒主要以有机硒形式存在,其中有机硒含量不低于总硒含量的80%,不会引起急性毒性的问题,安全高效。
2.本发明所述的枸杞酒充分发挥并加强了枸杞酒的抗氧化能力,经FRAP与DPPH法检测其抗氧化能力均显著高于普通枸杞酒,其中FRAP法检测其抗氧化能力最高可达67.47μmol TE/g;DPPH法检测其抗氧化能力最高可达60.91μmol TE/g。
3.本发明所述的枸杞酒经感官评定在口感上显著优于普通枸杞酒。
具体实施方式
下面,结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行说明,但是,本发明并不限于下述的实施例。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市场获得的常规产品。
实施例1
本实施例描述了基于酿酒酵母自制富硒酵母及富硒酵母的提取物的方法。
本实施例分别用酿酒酵母CICC 31869和CICC 32883(购自中国工业微生物菌种保藏管理中心)经富硒培养基培养得到不同富硒量的富硒酵母菌株HYJ1和YN6,富硒酵母与富硒酵母提取物的具体制备步骤如下:
1.自制富硒酵母的制备
1.1活化酿酒酵母CICC 31869和CICC 32883菌株,在培养阶段分别添加亚硒酸盐至培养基终浓度为20μg/L,培养48h后得到富硒酵母富硒酵母菌株HYJ1和YN6。
1.2将所得到的富硒酵母分别用无菌生理盐水清洗5次,以除去培养基及附着在酵母细胞外壁的无机硒,其中,富硒酵母HYJ1菌株可直接用于发酵酿酒。
1.3将上一步中清洗得到的YN6富硒酵母菌株冻干得到富硒酵母菌粉,用于后续有机硒的提取中。
步骤1.1中的活化条件为:采用实验用YPD培养基(Yeast Extract PeptoneDextrose Medium)作为酵母的接种、活化与培养的培养基。YPD液体培养基包含1%的酵母浸粉,2%的蛋白胨与2%的葡萄糖,其固体培养基则需要再次添加2%的琼脂粉。取保藏于-80℃的超低温冰箱中的酿酒酵母,立即放于38-40℃的水浴中复苏并快速摇动,直至内部冰全部溶解为止(50-100s)。开启塑料冻存管,将菌种划线至YPD固体培养基上,28℃下培养48h。再从YPD固体培养基中挑取分散较好的单菌落,接种到装有YPD液体培养基(100mL/250mL)的锥形瓶中,于28℃培养48h,转速160r/min,即可得到活化后的种子液。
2.富硒酵母YN6提取物的制备
2.1将浓度分别为1.8%的NaOH、0.1%的NaCl、1%的SDS(十二烷基磺酸钠)混合得到碱性溶液。
2.2将步骤1.3中所得到的冻干富硒酵母粉按1:40的体积比溶于上述碱性溶液,同时采用高速振荡匀浆机(德国IKAT25高速匀浆机)进行破壁处理,处理时间为15min(间歇处理,总计15min),功率为700W,频率为50/60Hz,剪切转速为10000rpm。
2.3破壁处理后进行硫酸铵梯度(55~85%的浓度)沉淀蛋白,沉淀条件为4℃,12h。
2.4将沉淀收集的蛋白离心(高速冷冻离心机HC-3018R、6000rpm,15min),离心后进行72h透析除盐,冻干得到富硒酵母蛋白粉。
2.5将上述富硒酵母蛋白进行酶解,酶解条件见表1。
2.6酶解后,离心取上清液,采用10KD超滤管进行超滤,得到富硒酵母YN6提取物。
表1酶解蛋白参数条件
特别地,由于酶解能力的限制,使得上述富硒酵母蛋白无法全部酶解转化为硒氨基酸,未被完全酶解的部分以其他硒形式存在,而硒氨基酸仍然是富硒酵母YN6提取物的主要成分。
实施例2
本实施例基于实施例1得到的富硒酵母与富硒酵母提取物制备了不同原料配比的富硒枸杞酒,同时还制备了参考例枸杞酒。
1.富硒枸杞酒的制备
本实施例中富硒枸杞酒的制备原料包含枸杞汁、富硒酵母、富硒酵母提取物、柠檬酸、果胶酶、二氧化硫与蔗糖,其中枸杞汁是宁夏红药食两用的有机枸杞破碎(采用飞利浦搅拌机破碎,型号为HR2096,破碎时间3min(30S间歇破碎,额定频率50Hz,输出功率800W))得到的。
表2各实验组原料配比
本实施例中各组原料质量配比见表2,具体制备步骤如下:
S1.选料:选取宁夏高质量有机枸杞。
S2.配料:按表2中各实验组质量配比分别加入枸杞汁、蔗糖、二氧化硫、柠檬酸和果胶酶。
S3.接种发酵:培养富硒酵母并活化,将其接种于枸杞汁中进行发酵。
S4.提取:对自制富硒酵母粉中硒氨基酸进行提取。
S5.调配:在富硒酒酿制结束后将提取得到的有机硒添加于富硒酒中,分别得到Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组富硒枸杞酒。
2.参考例枸杞酒的制备
本实施例中参考例枸杞酒为自行发酵的普通枸杞酒,采用酵母酿酒酵母CICC31869发酵,原料包括79%枸杞汁、2%CICC 31869酿酒酵母菌株、0.98%的柠檬酸与1%的果胶酶。0.01%二氧化硫、17%蔗糖制成,其具体步骤为:
S1.选料:选取宁夏高质量有机枸杞。
S2.配料:按上述质量比例加入枸杞汁、蔗糖、二氧化硫、柠檬酸和果胶酶。
S3.接种发酵:培养酵母并活化,将其接种于枸杞汁中进行发酵。
S4.储存:将酿制好的枸杞酒进行杀菌灌装,阴凉条件下贮存。
实施例3
本实施例对比测试了实施例2制备的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组枸杞酒与参考例枸杞酒的抗氧化能力。
本实施例通过FRAP(铁离子还原/抗氧化能力法)、DPPH法(1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼)测定各实验组与参考例枸杞酒的抗氧化能力。
1.DPPH法测定抗氧化能力
1.1将2mL稀释的各组样品加入到含有0.18mg 1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)的4mL甲醇中。
1.2在黑暗中孵育30分钟后,在517nm处测定各组混合物的吸光度,其中抗氧化能力以trolox(μmol TE/g)计。
2.FRAP测定抗氧化能力
2.1将0.1M的醋酸盐缓冲溶液(pH为3.6)、10mM的TPTZ试剂(用40mM的HCl溶液配制)及20mM的三氯化铁按体积比10:1:1的体积比进行混合配制成FRAP试剂。
2.2取样品0.5mL,FRAP试剂9.5mL混合后在黑暗中孵育30分钟进行吸光度的检测,其中抗氧化能力以trolox(μmol TE/g)计。
经测定,各实验组与参考例枸杞酒的抗氧化能力见表3。
表3四种酒的抗氧化能力
结合上述数据,实施例2制备的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组枸杞酒以FRAP作为抗氧化指标检测其抗氧化效果均优于参考例。DPPH作为抗氧化指标检测,Ⅰ组和参考例之间无显著性差异,但Ⅱ、Ⅲ组抗氧化效果均优于参考例;综上,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组具有抗氧化能力较强的特点,不同的抗氧化检测方式,因检测原理的不同对实验组和参考例结果对比也存在差异。但综合上述检测原理,硒氨基酸的存在对人体健康高效且安全,可直接参与体内蛋白质的合成。
实施例4
本实施例对比测试了实施例2制备的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组枸杞酒与参考例枸杞酒中的总硒及有机硒含量。
(1)总硒测定方法
本实施例采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱仪(HG-AFS)进行硒含量的检测(其中详细参数如表4所示),具体检测方法为:试样经预消解、微波消解后,在6mol/L盐酸介质中,将试样中的六价硒还原成四价硒,用硼氢化钾和氢氧化钠作还原剂,将四价硒还原成硒化氢。由载气(氩气)带入原子化器中进行原子化,通过硒空心阴极灯的照射,基态硒原子被激发至高能态,发射出特征波长的荧光,其荧光强度与硒含量成正比,与标准系列比较定量进行检测分析得到样品硒含量。
表4HG-AFS仪器参数表
(2)硒形态测定方法
采用液相色谱联用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱仪进行硒形态的测量,样品测定前,分别配制一系列不同浓度的Sec2、SeMet、SeMeCys,Se(IV)、Se(VI)标准品,进行测定及标准曲线的绘制。将酒样通过0.22μm过滤器(SYRINGE FILTER 13mmLuer)和10KD超滤管(MILLIPORE)处理后,直接进样,并用LC-HG-AFS测定样品含量,具体测定条件如表5所示。
表5LC-HG-AFS仪器参数表
经检测,上述Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组枸杞酒与参考例枸杞酒的总硒及有机硒含量见表6。
表6各组枸杞酒总硒与硒氨基酸含量
注:表中“--”代表未检出,表中“其他硒形式”是根据总硒含量减去有机、无机硒计算得到的,不排除酶解能力的限制以及酵母代谢形成其他硒形式的可能。
实施例5
本实施例对实施例2制备的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组枸杞酒与参考例枸杞酒进行了感官评定。
评审团由西北农林科技大学食品科学与工程学院的8名研究生(五名女生和三名男生,年龄20-25岁)组成。在正式样品评估之前,受试者每周进行minismell香气工具包进行训练,持续4个星期,使得香气识别偏差小于5%。评估成员一式三份评估样品,评估期间,于感官分析实验室进行,提供纯净水清洁口腔,感官评分标准见表7,评定结果见表8。
表7感官评分标准
表8感官评定结果
由表8可以看出,四种酒在色泽与外观,以及香气方面并无显著差异,均具有澄清透明,纯正的枸杞酒香味;在口感上实验组显著好于参考例,实验组的酒体更为丰满,酸甜适中,而参考例平衡感相对较差;典型性方面,Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组更具有明显的枸杞风格,典型性比参考例与Ⅲ组好。
综上,通过本发明所提供的富含有机硒的枸杞酒具有强抗氧化能力,有机硒含量占比不低于80%,且其在口感上显著优于普通枸杞酒。
如上所述,即可较好地实现本发明,上述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种改变和改进,均应落入本发明确定的保护范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种富含有机硒的枸杞酒,其特征在于,按质量百分比计,制备原料包括:76%~79%的枸杞汁、2%的富硒酵母、0.01~3.01%的富硒酵母提取物、17%的蔗糖、0.01%的二氧化硫、0.98%的柠檬酸与1%的果胶酶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的富硒枸杞酒,其特征在于,所述枸杞汁为宁夏红枸杞汁。
3.根据权利要求1所述的富硒枸杞酒,其特征在于,所述富硒酵母中有机硒的含量不低于总硒含量的80%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的富硒枸杞酒,其特征在于,所述富硒酵母提取物包括含硒氨基酸。
5.权利要求1-4任一项所述的枸杞酒的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:将所述枸杞汁、蔗糖、二氧化硫、柠檬酸与果胶酶混合制成液体发酵基;
将所述富硒酵母活化后接种于所述液体发酵基中进行发酵得到富硒酒;
将所述富硒酵母提取物添加于所述富硒酒中得到富硒枸杞酒;
将酿制好的富硒枸杞酒进行杀菌灌装,阴凉条件下贮存。
6.根据权利要求5所述的枸杞酒的制备方法,其特征在于,所述富硒酵母的制备方法包括:
将购自中国工业微生物菌种保藏管理中心酿酒酵母CICC31869和CICC32883菌株活化后,在培养阶段添加亚硒酸盐至培养基的终浓度为20μg/L,培养48h后可分别得到富硒酵母HYJI和YN6;
将所得到的富硒酵母分别用无菌生理盐水清洗5次,以除去培养基及附着在酵母细胞外壁的无机硒;
将清洗得到的YN6富硒酵母冻干得到富硒酵母菌粉。
7.根据权利要求6所述的枸杞酒的制备方法,其特征在于,所述富硒酵母提取物的制备方法包括:
将所述富硒酵母菌粉按1:40的体积溶于NaOH、NaCl与SDS混合制备的碱性溶液,同时采用高速振荡匀浆机破壁处理,匀浆机处理时间为15min,功率为700W,频率为50/60Hz,剪切转速为10000rpm;破壁结束后进行硫酸铵梯度沉淀蛋白,沉淀温度为4℃,时间为12h;将沉淀收集的蛋白离心后进行72h透析除盐,低温冷冻干燥得到富硒酵母蛋白粉;
将上述富硒酵母蛋白进行酶解,酶解后离心取上清液,采用10KD超滤管进行超滤,得到所述富硒酵母提取物。
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