CN116114553A - Mechanical transplanting high-yield planting method for promoting roots and strengthening stems of indica-japonica hybrid rice - Google Patents
Mechanical transplanting high-yield planting method for promoting roots and strengthening stems of indica-japonica hybrid rice Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Abstract
The invention discloses a mechanical transplanting high-yield planting method for promoting roots and strengthening stems of indica-japonica hybrid rice. Belonging to the technical field of crop planting. The invention provides a novel mechanical transplanting high-yield planting method of indica-japonica hybrid rice, which comprises the steps of uniformly drill seeding and seedling raising with low seeding quantity in a mechanical transplanting tray, and realizing mechanical transplanting of seedlings with tillers under the conditions of alternate seedling raising under dry and wet conditions and sufficient fertility; the root growth is promoted by using a deep ploughing and shallow raking mode, and a foundation is provided for nutrient absorption for the growth of later-stage plants; the tillering number reaches 80% of the effective spike number, and the field is put in time for drainage, so that tillering and pole strengthening are promoted; timely fertilization is carried out, glume differentiation is promoted, glume degradation is reduced, large spike formation is promoted, by means of combination of the means, under the condition that the effective spike number and the spike grain number are balanced, further improvement of the effective spike number and the spike grain number is realized, high yield of indica-japonica hybrid rice is realized, and technical support is provided for high yield and stable yield of the indica-japonica hybrid rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a mechanical transplanting high-yield planting method for promoting roots and strengthening stems of indica-japonica hybrid rice.
Background
Rice is one of the important grain crops in China. The rice yield is mainly affected by the effective spike number, spike grain number, fruiting rate, thousand grain weight and other factors. For the same variety, under the condition that weather disasters do not exist in the booting stage and the blooming period, the fruiting rate and thousand kernel weight are not changed greatly, the effective spike number and the kernel number per spike are important factors for determining the yield of the rice, and the effective spike number and the kernel number are greatly affected by the planting mode, so that the rice wants to obtain high yield and ultrahigh yield, and the basic condition is to improve the effective spike number and the kernel number per spike as much as possible under the condition that the effective spike number and the kernel number per spike are balanced.
The breeding and popularization speed of indica-japonica hybrid rice is gradually increased in 2010. High yield creation is performed in more places due to the high yield characteristics of its large ears. At present, the generation of high yield creation is based on fine management, and artificial mechanized planting is generally selected for the selective breeding of indica-japonica hybrid rice, but in the mechanical transplanting process, high yield is difficult to obtain due to the reasons of injury of mechanical transplanting seedlings, slow reverse green-growing seedlings and the like.
Therefore, how to provide a mechanical transplanting high-yield planting method for promoting roots and strengthening stems of indica-japonica hybrid rice to improve the yield of rice is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a mechanical transplanting high-yield planting method for promoting roots and strengthening stems of indica-japonica hybrid rice.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an mechanical transplanting high-yield planting method for promoting roots and strengthening stems of indica-japonica hybrid rice comprises the following steps:
(1) Low sowing quantity even sowing seedling raising
Sowing the pretreated indica-japonica hybrid rice seeds with low sowing quantity, and carrying out field drought seedling raising by a dry-wet alternating method when the seedlings are 1cm high by stacking trays for emergence in a darkroom at 32 ℃;
(2) Deep ploughing and shallow harrowing ploughing
After the previous crop is ripe and harvested, water is added, 7-10d before mechanical transplanting, deep rotary tillage is performed, irrigation is performed after 3-5 days of field sunning, a shallow rake is performed after the flood irrigation, a base fertilizer is applied, 1-2 d of precipitation is performed, a 1-2cm water layer is maintained, and mechanical transplanting is prepared;
(3) Side deep fertilizer distributor insert
The seedling age is 20-25 d, the seedling leaf age is 3.5-4.0, and the side deep fertilization is carried out at the same time;
(4) Targeted moisture management
1-2cm of water layer is kept during transplanting, after seedlings turn green, shallow water layer irrigation is carried out at the early stage of tillering and 1-2cm of shallow water layer irrigation is carried out at the later stage of tillering, dry and wet alternate treatment is carried out at the later stage of tillering, water is drained and field is put when the tillering number reaches 80% of the expected effective spike number, the field is put until 4.5 blade root systems are whitened after the leaf age is poured at the stage of jointing, and rehydration is carried out, so that dry and wet alternate treatment is carried out until flowers bloom; the heading and flowering stage, the water layer of 3-5 cm is maintained; after the scion alignment, adopting dry-wet alternate treatment until water cut-off is achieved;
(5) Variable application of ear fertilizer
Applying ear fertilizer to the variation of 4 and 2 leaves; the fertilization amount when 4 leaves are poured accounts for 20% of the total fertilization amount in the whole growth period, and the fertilization amount when 2 leaves are poured accounts for 10% of the total fertilization amount in the whole growth period;
(6) And (5) controlling plant diseases and insect pests, and harvesting the rice before ripening and dewatering.
Preferably, the total fertilization amount of the planting method in the whole growth period is specifically as follows: the total nitrogen applied to single-season rice is 18-20 kg/mu, the nitrogen applied to double-season early rice is Shi Zong kg/mu, and the total nitrogen applied to successive-cropping late rice is 16-18 kg/mu; the fertilizer is applied after being converted into compound fertilizer or slow release fertilizer according to the fertilizer application proportion.
Preferably, the indica-japonica hybrid rice variety is Jingyou 12, jingyou 7860 or Jingyou 1540; the growth period is 150-160 days.
Preferably, the pretreatment of the indica-japonica hybrid rice seeds in the step (1) is as follows: soaking seeds for 48 hours, and airing the seeds until the water content is 30-40%;
the bottom sowing quantity sowing is carried out by adopting a drill sowing mode, and the drill sowing mode comprises the following specific steps: sowing 16 pieces transversely and 34 holes longitudinally, and taking 544 holes of each 9 inch seedling tray according to mechanical transplanting; the sowing quantity is 40-50 g/disc of a 9 inch standard disc.
Preferably, the dry seedling raising in the step (1) specifically comprises: seedling raising is carried out on a seedling plate of a field swing tray, fertilizer is applied to the seedling plate for 15-20 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, dry and wet alternate irrigation treatment is carried out during seedling raising, irrigation is carried out when the moisture content of the seedling plate in sunny days is lower than 50%, the seedling plate matrix is kept moist, water is discharged in rainy days to prevent seedling flooding, and water is discharged for hardening seedlings 2 days before machine transplanting.
Preferably, the water is added in the step (2) to keep the water content in the field to be 60-80%; the deep rotary tillage depth is 15-20 cm, and the shallow harrow depth is 3-8 cm; the base fertilizer is applied with compound fertilizer, and the application amount is 20% of the total application amount in the whole growth period.
Preferably, in the step (3), 2-3 seedlings are planted in each hole during machine insertion; the side deep fertilization fertilizer adopts slow release fertilizer, the demonstration period of the fertilizer is 60-90 days, and the fertilization amount is 50% of the total fertilization amount in the whole growth period.
Preferably, in the step (3), the row spacing of the single-cropping rice is 30cm, the plant spacing is 18cm or 20cm according to the mechanical transplanting specification; the row spacing of the double-season early rice is 30cm, and the plant spacing is 12cm or 14cm; the row spacing of the successive cropping late rice is 30cm, and the plant spacing is 14cm or 16cm.
Preferably, in the step (4), the dry-wet alternating treatment is as follows: irrigating 5-8 cm when no obvious water layer exists on the field surface, and irrigating again after naturally falling to dryness; draining and placing the rice field, and ditching a middle ditch and a transverse ditch in the rice field, wherein the ditch depth is 20-25 cm; water cut-off was started 10 days before harvest until harvest.
Preferably, in the step (5), the spike fertilizer is applied with a compound fertilizer; after the nitrogen distribution difference of the rice population is measured by using the unmanned aerial vehicle, the unmanned aerial vehicle is used for controlling the fertilizing amount and then carrying out twice uniform fertilization.
Preferably, in the step (6), the medicines are comprehensively taken 7-10 days before the break of the rice, so that the false smut and the spike rot disease are mainly prevented, and other diseases and insect pests are simultaneously prevented and treated;
the main control of the diseases and insect pests of chilo suppressalis, cnaphalocrocis medinalis and banded sclerotial blight in the tillering stage is realized by using tetrazolium carboxamides, thifluzamide and pymetrozine or emamectin benzoate, propiconazole and dinotefuran as medicaments;
the preparation can be selected from trifloxystrobin, tebuconazole, zinc thiazole, methoprene, nitenpyram and pymetrozine, or benzyl azoxystrobin, buprofezin, emamectin benzoate, tebufenozide and trifluoracene;
the moisture content of the rice is 30-40% during harvesting, the surrounding walking harvesting is adopted, and the rice is harvested at 30cm below the neck of the ear during harvesting, so that the rice loss caused by harvesting is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The planting method of the invention carries out low-seeding-amount uniform drill seeding in the mechanical transplanting tray, can realize the mechanical transplanting with tillers when the seedling age is 20-25 days and the seedling is 3.5-4.0 leaf stage, reduces the damage of the mechanical transplanting to the seedling and obviously reduces the seedling leakage rate of the mechanical transplanting;
(2) The invention uses a deep ploughing and shallow raking mode to keep the paddy field to be ventilated when in mechanical transplanting, thereby promoting root growth and rice tillering;
(3) According to the invention, the field is placed in time to drain water when the tillering number reaches 80% of the effective spike number, so that ineffective tillering is reduced, large tillers grow under good light temperature conditions, and tillering and pole strengthening are promoted;
(4) The spike fertilizer is applied by using the unmanned aerial vehicle for two times, so that the glume flower differentiation is promoted by applying fertilizer when the inverted 4 She Yinghua differentiation occurs, the glume flower degradation is reduced by applying fertilizer in time when the inverted 2 She Yinghua degradation occurs in a large amount, and the formation of large spikes is promoted. Through technical implementation, under the condition that the effective spike number and the spike grain number are balanced, the effective spike number and the spike grain number are further improved, the high yield of indica-japonica hybrid rice is realized, and the technical operation is simple and convenient and is suitable for popularization.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The mechanical transplanting high-yield planting method for the root-promoting and stem-strengthening of indica-japonica hybrid rice comprises the following steps of:
(1) Variety selection: indica-japonica hybrid rice zhengyou 1540.
Planting site: the Hangzhou area of Hangzhou, zhejiang province.
Yield target: the yield per mu is 950kg or more, the effective spike number is 13.5 multiplied by 104 spikes or more, the total grain number per spike is 310 grains or more, the fruiting rate is 85% or more, and the thousand grains weight is about 24 g.
Fertilizing amount: the total nitrogen (N) application amount is 18 kg/mu, and the fertilizer application is converted into the application of 24 kg/mu of common compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O=15:15:15) when harrowing the field, and the side deep fertilization slow release fertilizer is 36 kg/mu
(N: P2O5: K2O=25:10:12), 4 leaves are poured into the corn cob fertilizer common compound fertilizer of 24 kg/mu (N: P2O5: K2O=15:15:15), and 2 leaves are poured into the corn cob fertilizer common compound fertilizer of 18 kg/mu (N: P2O5: K2O=15:15:15).
(2) Seeding and seedling raising
a. Sowing time and seedling age: the seeding time is 2022, 5 months and 20 days, and the seedling age is 25 days.
b. Seed treatment: the seeds are sun-planted for 1-2 days, the seeds are selected by clean water, the floating seeds are fished out, and the seeds are soaked with a seed soaking bactericide for sterilization for 48 hours before sowing.
c. Sowing quantity and sowing emergence: 9 inch disc precision seeding (seedling disc machine transplanting seedling for 16 times transversely and 34 holes longitudinally) and seeding quantity of 45 g/disc. And (5) germinating in a darkroom after sowing, and enabling the buds to grow 1cm and emerge from a seedling arranging disc.
d. Seedling management: seedling raising is carried out by arranging seedling plates in a large field by 1cm in a stacking manner, fertilizer is applied to the seedling plates by 15-20 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, irrigation is carried out in a dry-wet mode in the seedling raising period, water does not pass through the seedling plates, and water is drained according to weather conditions for hardening seedlings 2 days before mechanical transplanting.
(3) Tillage after wheat harvest
Wheat is harvested in the first crop for 6 months and 5 days, water is added, deep rotary tillage of about 15-20 cm is carried out by using a tractor in the first crop for 6 months and 7 days, the field is sunned for 5 days, shallow harrows of about 3-8 cm are carried out after flood irrigation for 13 days in the first crop, 24 kg of common compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O=15:15:15) is applied, 1-2 d of precipitation is carried out, a water layer of 1-2cm is maintained, and machine transplanting is prepared.
(5) Side deep fertilizer distributor insert
And (3) 6 months and 15 days of machine transplanting, namely, according to the number of the transverse seedlings sowed by the seedling tray, 16 seedlings are transversely taken and 34 holes are longitudinally designed, the machine transplanting is carried out for 16 times and 34 times respectively, each hole machine transplanting is carried out for 2-3 seedlings, and the planting specification is that the row spacing is 30cm and the plant spacing is 20cm. 36 kg of slow release fertilizer for side deep fertilization (N: P2O5: K2O=25:10:12).
(6) Targeted moisture management
a. Transplanting: the shallow water layer of 1-2cm is maintained.
b. Early onset of reversion: after the seedlings turn green, dry-wet alternate gap irrigation (irrigation is carried out for 5-8 cm when no obvious water layer exists on the field surface), and irrigation is carried out again after natural falling.
c. And (5) field sunning and tillering control. After turning green and fertilizing, shallow wet irrigation is carried out at the early tillering stage, tillering is promoted, dry and wet alternation is carried out at the later tillering stage, when the number of seedlings reaches 80 percent of the number of spikes (10.8 spikes/mu), the seedlings are put in the field in time for 7 months and 8 days until the initial stage of spike differentiation (8 months and 1 day).
d. And (5) booting and grouting. After rehydration, adopting dry-wet alternate gap irrigation until flowering; in the heading and flowering stage, a shallow water layer of 3-5 cm is established; after the scion alignment, dry-wet alternate irrigation is adopted, and water cut-off is started 10 days before harvesting.
(7) And (5) applying the ear fertilizer. After the nitrogen content distribution of the field population is dynamically monitored for 8 months 5 days and 8 months 20 days, the unmanned aerial vehicle is utilized to carry out variable fertilization, and 24 kg/mu of the spike fertilizer common compound fertilizer and 18 kg/mu of the spike fertilizer common compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O=15:15:15) are respectively applied.
(8) Disease control
According to the information of local diseases and insects, comprehensive prevention medicines before break and emergent standard control in the tillering stage and the spike stage are mainly and timely made. And (3) controlling rice leaf rollers by using tetrazolium insect amide, thifluzamide and pymetrozine for 30 days in 6 months. The composition is comprehensively applied 8 months and 30 days before the break of the rice, and can be selected from trifloxystrobin, tebuconazole, zinc thiazole, etodolac, methoprene and pymetrozine to comprehensively prevent and treat bacterial wilt, banded sclerotial blight, rice blast and false smut.
(7) Harvesting at the right time
When the rice is completely ripe, the rice is harvested for 10 months and 15 days for yield measurement.
Comparative example 1
The same rice seeds (zhen you 1540) as in example 1 are selected and planted according to the conventional method of farmers, specifically: the sowing machine inserts the seed with the sowing quantity of 60-70 g/disc, and directly inserts the seed after filling the mud into the deep water and beating Tian Cheng.
Performance testing
As can be seen from Table 1, the planting methods of comparative example 1 and comparative example 1, example 1 increased the proportion of seedlings with tillers at the time of mechanical transplanting, and increased the number of tillers at 10d and the number of root systems after mechanical transplanting 10d, indicating that the mode of 1 raising seedlings and deep-tillage shallow rakes was adopted to promote the turning green and tillering formation of the mechanical transplanted seedlings. Meanwhile, example 1 increases the glume differentiation number per ear, reduces the glume degradation rate, and shows that the glume differentiation number can be increased, the glume degradation rate can be reduced, and the glume degradation rate can be further increased by the stem-promoting mode and the implementation mode of example 1. As can be seen from table 2. Example 1 the rice yield was significantly increased by increasing the effective ear count and the grain per ear count.
Table 1: example benefits of machine-inserted tillering and tassel formation
Table 2: effects of high-yield creation of embodiments
The experiment shows that the planting method can greatly improve the yield of rice and is suitable for popularization.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The mechanical transplanting high-yield planting method for promoting roots and strengthening stems of indica-japonica hybrid rice is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Low sowing quantity even sowing seedling raising
Sowing the pretreated indica-japonica hybrid rice seeds with low sowing quantity, and carrying out field drought seedling raising by a dry-wet alternating method when the seedlings are 1cm high by stacking trays for emergence in a darkroom at 32 ℃;
(2) Deep ploughing and shallow harrowing ploughing
After the previous crop is ripe and harvested, water is added, 7-10d before mechanical transplanting, deep rotary tillage is performed, irrigation is performed after 3-5 days of field sunning, a shallow rake is performed after the flood irrigation, a base fertilizer is applied, 1-2 d of precipitation is performed, a 1-2cm water layer is maintained, and mechanical transplanting is prepared;
(3) Side deep fertilizer distributor insert
The seedling age is 20-25 d, the seedling leaf age is 3.5-4.0, and the side deep fertilization is carried out at the same time;
(4) Targeted moisture management
1-2cm of water layer is kept during transplanting, after seedlings turn green, shallow water layer irrigation is carried out at the early stage of tillering and 1-2cm of shallow water layer irrigation is carried out at the later stage of tillering, dry and wet alternate treatment is carried out at the later stage of tillering, water is drained and field is put when the tillering number reaches 80% of the expected effective spike number, the field is put until 4.5 blade root systems are whitened after the leaf age is poured at the stage of jointing, and rehydration is carried out, so that dry and wet alternate treatment is carried out until flowers bloom; the heading and flowering stage, the water layer of 3-5 cm is maintained; after the scion alignment, adopting dry-wet alternate treatment until water cut-off is achieved;
(5) Variable application of ear fertilizer
Applying ear fertilizer to the variation of 4 and 2 leaves; the fertilization amount when 4 leaves are poured accounts for 20% of the total fertilization amount in the whole growth period, and the fertilization amount when 2 leaves are poured accounts for 10% of the total fertilization amount in the whole growth period;
(6) And (5) controlling plant diseases and insect pests, and harvesting the rice before ripening and dewatering.
2. The machine-transplanted high-yield planting method according to claim 1, wherein the total fertilization amount of the planting method in the whole growing period is specifically: the total nitrogen applied to single-season rice is 18-20 kg/mu, the nitrogen applied to double-season early rice is Shi Zong kg/mu, and the total nitrogen applied to successive-cropping late rice is 16-18 kg/mu; the fertilizer is applied after being converted into compound fertilizer or slow release fertilizer according to the fertilizer application proportion.
3. The method for high-yield planting by mechanical transplanting according to claim 1, wherein the pretreatment of the indica-japonica hybrid rice seeds in the step (1) is as follows: soaking seeds for 48 hours, and airing the seeds until the water content is 30-40%;
the bottom sowing quantity sowing is carried out by adopting a drill sowing mode, and the drill sowing mode comprises the following specific steps: sowing 16 pieces transversely and 34 holes longitudinally, and taking 544 holes of each 9 inch seedling tray according to mechanical transplanting; the sowing quantity is 40-50 g/disc of a 9 inch standard disc.
4. The mechanical transplanting high-yield planting method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dry seedling raising in the step (1) is specifically: seedling raising is carried out on a seedling plate of a field swing tray, fertilizer is applied to the seedling plate for 15-20 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, dry and wet alternate irrigation treatment is carried out during seedling raising, irrigation is carried out when the moisture content of the seedling plate in sunny days is lower than 50%, the seedling plate matrix is kept moist, water is discharged in rainy days to prevent seedling flooding, and water is discharged for hardening seedlings 2 days before machine transplanting.
5. The machine-transplanted high-yield planting method according to claim 1, wherein the water is added in the step (2) to keep the water content in the field at 60-80%; the deep rotary tillage depth is 15-20 cm, and the shallow harrow depth is 3-8 cm; the base fertilizer is applied with compound fertilizer, and the application amount is 20% of the total application amount in the whole growth period.
6. The machine-transplanted high-yield planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), 2-3 seedlings are planted in each hole during machine-transplanted; the side deep fertilization fertilizer adopts slow release fertilizer, the demonstration period of the fertilizer is 60-90 days, and the fertilization amount is 50% of the total fertilization amount in the whole growth period.
7. The mechanical transplanting high-yield planting method according to claim 1 or 6, wherein in the step (3), the mechanical transplanting planting specification, the row spacing of single-cropping rice is 30cm, the plant spacing is 18cm or 20cm; the row spacing of the double-season early rice is 30cm, and the plant spacing is 12cm or 14cm; the row spacing of the successive cropping late rice is 30cm, and the plant spacing is 14cm or 16cm.
8. The machine-transplanted high-yield planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the dry-wet alternation process is: irrigating 5-8 cm when no obvious water layer exists on the field surface, and irrigating again after naturally falling to dryness; draining and placing the rice field, and ditching a middle ditch and a transverse ditch in the rice field, wherein the ditch depth is 20-25 cm; water cut-off was started 10 days before harvest until harvest.
9. The machine-transplanted high-yield planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the fertilizer is applied to the ear fertilizer; after the nitrogen distribution difference of the rice population is measured by using the unmanned aerial vehicle, the unmanned aerial vehicle is used for controlling the fertilizing amount and then carrying out twice uniform fertilization.
10. The method for high-yield planting by mechanical transplanting according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6),
the comprehensive medication is carried out 7-10 days before the break of the rice, so that the false smut, the spike rot and the spike period diseases are mainly prevented, and other diseases and insect pests are prevented and treated simultaneously;
the main control of the diseases and insect pests of chilo suppressalis, cnaphalocrocis medinalis and banded sclerotial blight in the tillering stage is realized by using tetrazolium carboxamides, thifluzamide and pymetrozine or emamectin benzoate, propiconazole and dinotefuran as medicaments;
the preparation can be selected from trifloxystrobin, tebuconazole, zinc thiazole, methoprene, nitenpyram and pymetrozine, or benzyl azoxystrobin, buprofezin, emamectin benzoate, tebufenozide and trifluoracene;
the moisture content of the rice is 30-40% during harvesting, the surrounding walking harvesting is adopted, and the rice is harvested at 30cm below the neck of the ear during harvesting, so that the rice loss caused by harvesting is reduced.
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