CN116076293A - Cold-resistant domestication method for prune in northeast area - Google Patents
Cold-resistant domestication method for prune in northeast area Download PDFInfo
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- CN116076293A CN116076293A CN202310049638.3A CN202310049638A CN116076293A CN 116076293 A CN116076293 A CN 116076293A CN 202310049638 A CN202310049638 A CN 202310049638A CN 116076293 A CN116076293 A CN 116076293A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a cold-resistant domestication method of prune in northeast, which is carried out in cold sheds, nursery gardens and orchards, and is realized through low-temperature domestication of scions, selection of grafting stocks and management after grafting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a cold-resistant domestication method of prune in northeast areas.
Background
Prune is a species of prune, although its name carries a letter prune, prune is a species of prune in europe Li Chong of the rosaceae. The drought resistance of the western Mei Nai is wide in application range, unique in fruit shape, aromatic in flavor, suitable for fresh eating and drying, and good in popularization and planting value, and is called third-generation functional fruit due to sweet taste and high nutritive value. The current cultivated prune varieties in China are mainly introduced from European and American places, are relatively cold-resistant, and are mainly planted in northwest places, north China places and the like.
However, in northeast, the winter cannot be performed in open field, the quality is poor, and the economic benefit is limited, so that aiming at the current situation, development of a cold-resistant domestication method for prune in northeast is urgently needed to overcome the defects in current practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cold-resistant domestication method of prune in northeast areas, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a cold-resistant domestication method of prune in northeast areas comprises the following steps:
(1) Culturing a stock: the stock is selected from the cherry, when the cherry fruit is dark red in 7 th early days, the cherry fruit is picked along with pulp removal, the cherry is directly sanded and sown in 4 th second years by adopting thick soil covering;
(2) Low temperature acclimatization of scions: scion is picked from annual lignified dormant branches containing plump buds;
taking the western Mei Xiumian branches which can be used as scions for cold storage at the temperature of minus 5 ℃ in 12 months of the first year;
in the next 4 months, grafting scions on a stock of one year of seedling age, and refrigerating dormant branches of grafted seedlings at-10 ℃ in the next 12 ten days;
taking 4 parts of third month, grafting plump buds on dormant branches on a stock with seedling age of one year, taking dormant branches of grafted seedlings in the late 12 months, and refrigerating at-15 ℃;
the refrigerating temperature of dormant branches is reduced by 5 ℃ every year, the dormant branches of grafted seedlings are taken in the last 12 th month of the sixth year and refrigerated at the temperature of minus 30 ℃, and the dormant branches are grafted on the stock of one year of seedling age in the seventh year for 4 months;
(3) Miao Dong store: before winter, storing Miao Dong grafted survival seedlings obtained in the seventh 4-month grafting process;
(4) Planting: planting the winter stored grafted seedlings in open field in the next 4 months, and pruning;
(5) Reproduction: taking plump dormant branch snow reserves of grafted prunes which can overwinter in open field in the late 12 months; and carrying out grafting propagation in the next 4 months.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step (1), the sand storage condition of the stock seeds is that the temperature is-5 ℃ and the humidity is 30%;
and (3) sowing and covering with 10cm, sowing for 10-12 days, removing the upper excess soil layer, and fully emergence after 3 days.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step (2), the prune scion variety adopts cherry tomatoes.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step (2), selecting a western Mei Xiumian branch with excellent comprehensive properties in the last 12 th month for refrigeration;
grafting the stock with seedling age of one year by using refrigerated dormant buds in the seventh year 4 months, and adopting a xylem bud grafting mode, wherein the diameter of the stock reaches 0.3-0.6 cm in the seventh year 4 months, and wood bud grafting is carried out at a position below 2cm away from the ground;
10 days after grafting, two bud eyes are left at the upper part of the grafting port, the top of the stock is removed, the stock bud picking is carried out for 15 days after the top is removed, and the process is carried out for two times in half a month.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the steps (3) and (4), the tops of grafted seedlings obtained by grafting the cold-resistant scions obtained in the seventh year are removed in the middle ten days of 8 months, the seedlings are lifted in the late 11 months of autumn and transferred into a cold shed at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ to 3 ℃ for winter storage; transplanting in the next year to the open field orchard for overwintering.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step (5), the winter storage conditions of the snow reservoir are: storing in warehouse at-10-5 deg.c, spreading snow layer of 20cm thickness, setting one bundle of dormant branches with diameter less than 10cm as scion, covering the scion with one cotton quilt layer, and repeating the steps.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step (4), the grafted prunes after winter storage are planted in the fixed mode in 4 months, and the plant spacing is 2-3 m.
As a further scheme of the invention: and after the planting, the Western Mei Ding is dried for 30-50 cm, 3 full buds are uniformly reserved after 20 days, and the rest buds are wiped off.
As a further scheme of the invention: the terminal buds of winter shears leave inner buds, 40cm branches are reserved, the inner buds reserved in the last year are removed by winter shears in the next year, outer branches are reserved for growth, the strong and weak branches are removed by winter shears in the third year, and 12 branches are formed in three years, and the result is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the cold-resistant domestication method of the prune in northeast China can ensure that the prune has strong cold resistance, drought resistance, early fruiting, early yield, excellent quality and high survival rate, can adapt to the climate in northeast China, expands the planting area and improves the economic benefit through the methods of low-temperature domestication, miao Dongchu and field planting of the prune scions.
Description of the embodiments
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Specific implementations of the invention are described in detail below in connection with specific embodiments.
The cold-resistant domestication method of the prune in northeast areas provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) Selection and culture of stocks: the stock is selected from the cherry, when the cherry fruit is dark red in the late 7 months, the stock is directly sanded and sown by adopting thick soil in the next 4 months along with pulp removal.
(2) Low temperature acclimatization of scions: taking the western Mei Xiumian branches which can be used as scions for cold storage at the temperature of minus 5 ℃ in 12 months of the first year;
grafting full buds on dormant branches onto a stock with seedling age of one year in the second year of 4 months, and refrigerating the dormant branches of grafted seedlings at-10 ℃ in the last 12 months;
in the third 4 months, grafting plump buds on dormant branches onto a stock with seedling age of one year, and taking dormant branches of grafted seedlings in the late 12 months for refrigeration at-15 ℃;
the refrigerating temperature of dormant branches is reduced by 5 ℃ every year until the dormant branches of grafted seedlings are taken in the last 12 th month of the sixth year and refrigerated at the temperature of minus 30 ℃, and the dormant branches are grafted on the stock of one year of seedling age in the seventh year for 4 months.
(3) The refrigerating treatment method of the scion comprises the following steps: and selecting a western Mei Xiumian branch refrigerator with excellent comprehensive properties for 12 months for refrigeration.
(4) Grafting mode: and 4 months, grafting the stock with seedling age of one year by using refrigerated dormant buds, and adopting a xylem bud grafting mode.
(5) Miao Dong store: the grafted survival seedling obtained in the current year is taken Miao Dongchu before winter.
(6) Planting: and (5) field planting the winter stored grafted seedlings in the open field in the next 4 months, and pruning.
(7) Reproduction: and (3) storing full dormant branches of the grafted prunes which can overwintere in the open field, and carrying out grafting propagation in the next 4 months of year.
The sand storage condition of the stock seeds is that the temperature is-5 ℃ and the humidity is 30 percent. The soil is covered by 10cm of sowing, the excessive soil layer on the upper part is removed after 10-12 days of sowing, and the seedlings can fully emerge after 3 days.
Scion low-temperature domestication is carried out in a freezer, and the domestication is carried out at-5 ℃ and reduced to-30 ℃ every year from-5 ℃. The scion variety is selected from cherry tomatoes.
The grafted seedlings obtained by the cold-resistant scion grafting obtained in the seventh year are stored in a cold shed in winter, and can survive winter when transplanted to an open field orchard in the second year.
The obtained cold-resistant scion is stored in a warehouse with the temperature of minus 10-5 ℃, a layer of snow with the thickness of 20cm is paved firstly, then a layer of dormant branches with the diameter of less than 10cm is paved on the snow and used as scions, a layer of cotton quilts is covered on the scions, and the steps are repeated.
4 months, wood bud grafting is carried out at the position, the diameter of which reaches 0.3-0.6 cm, and the distance from the root surface to the ground is below 2 cm.
And after about 10 days of grafting, two bud eyes at the upper part of the connector are reserved, and the top of the stock is removed. Removing the top for about 15 days, and performing rootstock bud picking once in half a month and twice.
The grafted survival seedling is removed from the top in the middle ten days of 8 months, the seedling is lifted in the last ten days of 11 months in autumn and is transferred into a cold shed at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ to 3 ℃ for winter storage.
And (3) planting grafted prunes after winter storage in 4 months, wherein the plant spacing is 2-3 m.
And after the planting, the Western Mei Ding is dried for 30-50 cm, 3 full buds are uniformly reserved after 20 days, and the rest buds are wiped off.
Conventional summer management, terminal buds of winter shears are reserved with inner buds, 40cm branches are reserved, the inner buds reserved in the next year are removed by winter shears in the next year, outer branches are reserved for growth, and strong and weak branches are removed by winter shears in the third year. Three years formed 12 shoots, with results. Later winter shears keep the principle of removing strong and weak, removing internal and external, and removing upper left.
Examples
A cold-resistant domestication method of prune in northeast areas comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of stock seedlings:
harvesting seeds and sand storage: harvesting at dark red of cherry fruits in late 7 months, removing pulp, and directly sand storing at-5deg.C under 30% humidity.
Sowing seeds: sowing in the places with loose soil, fertile and good water drainage in the next 4 th month. The sowing thickness is 10cm, watering is not needed before seedling emergence, and after 10 days of sowing, the upper excess soil layer is removed by a farm tool rake, so that the seedlings can fully emerge in 3 days.
Stock seedling management: weeding is performed in time after emergence of seedlings, a N, P, K fertilizer is applied according to the growth vigor of the cherries, and imidacloprid is sprayed in the period of insect development.
(2) Collecting and processing scions:
collecting scions: and selecting dormant branches with pure varieties, no plant diseases and insect pests and strong growth, cutting and growing fully, fully lignifying and full bud eyes on a stock plant before 1 month, and binding the dormant branches into bundles with the diameter smaller than 10 cm.
Low temperature acclimatization and snow storage of scions: and (3) winter storage is carried out on the collected prune branches before 1 month, so that the prune branches enter a complete dormancy state, and the grafting survival rate is improved. The scion domestication winter is carried out in a freezer; open field overwintering cold-resistant grafting of western Mei Jiesui snow storage conditions: and (3) paving a layer of snow with the thickness of 20cm at the temperature of minus 10 ℃, then putting a bundle of scions with the diameter of less than 10cm on the snow, covering a layer of cotton quilts on the scions, and repeating the steps to ensure that the snow is not melted.
(3) Grafting and current post management:
grafting: and 4 months, wood bud grafting is carried out on the parts which are aged for one year, have the diameter of 0.3cm and are below 2cm from the ground by using dormant scions stored in winter. After grafting for about 10 days, the grafting part can generate healing flow, at the moment, two bud eyes at the upper part of the reserved connector provide nutrients, prevent the shearing mouth from drying and remove the top of the stock.
And (3) post-grafting management: the top is removed for about 15 days, the rootstock bud picking is carried out once for 15 days, and the two times are carried out. The grafted survival seedling is removed from the top in the middle ten days of 8 months, the seedling is lifted in the late ten days of 11 months and is put into a cold shed, and the grafted survival seedling is stored in winter at the temperature of minus 10 ℃.
(4) Planting and management: and (3) planting grafted prune seedlings after winter storage for 4 months, wherein the plant spacing is 2m. And 5, drying the planted western Mei Ding by 40cm, uniformly reserving 3 full buds after 20 days, and wiping off the rest buds. Conventional summer management, terminal buds of winter shears are reserved with inner buds, 40cm branches are reserved, the inner buds reserved in the next year are removed by winter shears in the next year, outer branches are reserved for growth, and strong and weak branches are removed by winter shears in the third year. Three years formed 12 shoots, with results. Later winter shears keep the principle of removing strong and weak, removing internal and external, and removing upper left.
Examples
A cold-resistant domestication method of prune in northeast areas comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of stock seedlings:
harvesting seeds and sand storage: harvesting at dark red of cherry fruits in late 7 months, removing pulp, cleaning, and directly sand storing at 5deg.C under 30% humidity.
Sowing seeds: 10 months is sowed in places with loose soil, fertility and good drainage. The thickness of the covering soil is 2.5-3 cm, and the covering soil is fully irrigated after sowing.
Stock seedling management: weeding is performed in time after emergence of seedlings, and N, P, K fertilizer is applied according to the growth vigor of the cherry. The young cherry seedling is easy to be damaged by aphids, and imidacloprid is sprayed in the period of the development of the young cherry seedling.
(2) Collecting and processing scions:
collecting scions: and selecting dormant branches with pure varieties, no plant diseases and insect pests and strong growth, cutting and growing fully, fully lignifying and full bud eyes on a stock plant before 1 month, and binding the dormant branches into bundles with the diameter smaller than 10 cm.
Low temperature acclimatization and snow storage of scions: and (3) winter storage is carried out on the collected prune branches before 1 month, so that the prune branches enter a complete dormancy state, and the grafting survival rate is improved. The scion domestication winter is carried out in a freezer; open field overwintering cold-resistant grafting of western Mei Jiesui snow storage conditions: and (3) paving a layer of snow with the thickness of 20cm at the temperature of minus 5 ℃, then putting a bundle of scions with the diameter of less than 10cm on the snow, covering a layer of cotton quilts on the scions, and repeating the steps to ensure that the snow is not melted.
(3) Grafting and current post management:
grafting: and 4 months, carrying out xylem bud grafting on the rootstocks which are one year old, have the diameter of 0.6cm and are 2cm away from the ground by using dormant scions stored in winter. After grafting, about 10 days, the part to be grafted can generate healing flow, at the moment, two bud eyes at the upper part of the reserved connector provide nutrients, prevent the shearing mouth from drying, and remove the top of the stock.
And (3) post-grafting management: removing the top for about 15 days, and performing rootstock bud picking once in half a month and twice. The grafted survival seedling is removed from the top in the middle ten days of 8 months, the seedling is lifted in the late 11 months of autumn and is stored in a cold shed at 3 ℃ in winter.
(4) Planting and management: and (3) planting grafted prune seedlings after winter storage for 4 months, wherein the plant spacing is 3m. And 5, drying the planted western Mei Ding by 50cm, uniformly reserving 3 full buds after 20 days, and wiping off the rest buds. Conventional summer management, terminal buds of winter shears are reserved with inner buds, 40cm branches are reserved, the inner buds reserved in the next year are removed by winter shears in the next year, outer branches are reserved for growth, and strong and weak branches are removed by winter shears in the third year. Three years formed 12 shoots, with results. Later winter shears keep the principle of removing strong and weak, removing internal and external, and removing upper left.
It should be noted that, in the present invention, it should be understood that, although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and this description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should consider the present disclosure as a whole, and the embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined appropriately to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The cold-resistant domestication method of the prune in northeast China is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Culturing a stock: the stock is selected from the cherry, when the cherry fruit is dark red in 7 th early days, the cherry fruit is picked along with pulp removal, the cherry is directly sanded and sown in 4 th second years by adopting thick soil covering;
(2) Low temperature acclimatization of scions: scion is picked from annual lignified dormant branches containing plump buds;
taking the western Mei Xiumian branches which can be used as scions for cold storage at the temperature of minus 5 ℃ in 12 months of the first year;
in the next 4 months, grafting scions on a stock of one year of seedling age, and refrigerating dormant branches of grafted seedlings at-10 ℃ in the next 12 ten days;
in the third 4 months, grafting scions on a stock with seedling age of annual growth, and taking dormant branches of grafted seedlings in the next ten days of 12 months for refrigeration at-15 ℃;
the refrigerating temperature of dormant branches is reduced by 5 ℃ every year, the dormant branches of grafted seedlings are taken in the last 12 th month of the sixth year and refrigerated at the temperature of minus 30 ℃, and the dormant branches are grafted on the stock of one year of seedling age in the seventh year for 4 months;
(3) Miao Dong store: before winter, storing Miao Dong grafted survival seedlings obtained in the seventh 4-month grafting process;
(4) Planting: planting the winter stored grafted seedlings in open field in the next 4 months, and pruning;
(5) Reproduction: and in the next ten days of 12 months, taking a full dormant branch snow deposit of grafted prunes which can overwinter in the open, and carrying out grafting propagation in the next 4 months of the year.
2. The cold-resistant domestication method of prune in northeast China according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the sand storage condition of the stock seeds is that the temperature is-5 ℃ and the humidity is 30%;
and (3) sowing and covering with 10cm, sowing for 10-12 days, removing the upper excess soil layer, and fully emergence after 3 days.
3. The cold-resistant domestication method of prune in northeast China as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), cherry tomato is adopted as the scion variety.
4. The cold-resistant domestication method of prune in northeast China according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the scion is refrigerated in a freezer during the cold-resistant domestication of prune, and the temperature of the freezer is adjusted every year; selecting a western Mei Xiumian branch with excellent comprehensive properties in the last 12 th month, and refrigerating at the temperature of minus 30 ℃;
grafting the stock with seedling age of one year by using refrigerated dormant buds in the seventh year 4 months, and adopting a xylem bud grafting mode, wherein the diameter of the stock reaches 0.3-0.6 cm in the seventh year 4 months, and the wood bud grafting is carried out at the position below 2cm from the ground.
5. The cold-resistant domestication method of prune in northeast China according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), 10 days after grafting, two bud eyes are left at the upper part of the grafting port, the top of the stock is removed, the stock bud is removed for 15 days, and the bud is removed once a half month and twice a half month.
6. The cold-resistant domestication method of prune in northeast China according to claim 1, wherein in the steps (3) and (4), the grafted seedlings obtained by the cold-resistant scion grafting obtained in the seventh year are subjected to topping in the middle ten days of 8 months, and the seedlings are lifted and transferred into a cold shed at-10 to 3 ℃ for winter in the late 11 months of autumn; transplanting in the next year to the open field orchard for overwintering.
7. The cold-resistant domestication method of prune in northeast China according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the winter storage condition of the snow reservoir is: storing in warehouse at-10-5 deg.c, spreading snow layer of 20cm thickness, setting one bundle of dormant branches with diameter less than 10cm as scion, covering the scion with one cotton quilt layer, and repeating the steps.
8. The cold-resistant domestication method of prunes in northeast China according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the grafted prunes after winter storage are planted in the fixed state for 4 months, and the plant spacing is 2-3 m.
9. The cold-resistant domestication method of prune in northeast China according to claim 8, wherein the prune is planted in a dry state of Mei Ding to 30-50 cm, 3 full buds are uniformly reserved after 20 days, and the rest buds are wiped off.
10. The cold-resistant domestication method of prunes in northeast China according to claim 9, wherein the terminal buds of the prunes are cut in winter to leave inner buds, 40cm branches are left, the inner buds left in the last year are cut in the winter in the next year, the outer branches are left to grow, the strong and weak branches are cut in the winter in the third year, and 12 branches are formed in three years, and the result is obtained.
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