CN116041294A - 利用苯酐或邻苯二甲酸制备六氢苯酞的方法 - Google Patents
利用苯酐或邻苯二甲酸制备六氢苯酞的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- hexahydrophthalide
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- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/77—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D307/87—Benzo [c] furans; Hydrogenated benzo [c] furans
- C07D307/88—Benzo [c] furans; Hydrogenated benzo [c] furans with one oxygen atom directly attached in position 1 or 3
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/185—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
- B01J27/1853—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals with iron, cobalt or nickel
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种利用苯酐或邻苯二甲酸制备六氢苯酞的方法,属于精细化学品合成领域。本发明以苯酐或邻苯二甲酸为原料,在合适的溶剂中,加氢复合催化剂的作用下,还原性气体氛围中,于压力1~12MPa,温度100~200℃的条件下反应2~24小时,分离催化剂,蒸馏出溶剂,得到目标产物六氢苯酞。本发明利用大宗化学品苯酐或邻苯二甲酸一步直接制备了六氢苯酞,其工艺简单,操作方便,合成条件温和,成本低,而且绿色环保;使用具有选择性断裂碳氧键和芳环选择性加氢于一身的复合催化剂,苯酐的转化率高,对六氢苯酞的选择性也高,且可循环使用;副产物六氢苯酐、苯酞、邻甲基苯甲酸与邻甲基环己甲酸也是具有高附加值的化学品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种六氢苯酞的制备方法,尤其涉及一种利用大宗化学品苯酐或邻苯二甲酸制备六氢苯酞的方法,属于精细化学品合成领域。
背景技术
六氢苯酞,室温下为无色液体,分子式为C8H12O2,分子量为140.18。微溶于水,易溶于乙醇、乙醚、甲苯、乙酸乙酯及氯仿等溶剂。自2018年首次将其用作可循环聚酯材料单体(Chen, E. Y., et al. Science 2018, 360, 398-403.)以来,在可降解材料领域引起了广泛的研究兴趣。除此之外,其还可以用作医药、香料等精细化学品合成的重要中间体。六氢苯酞的合成方法主要有四种,一种是利用六氢苯酐加氢制备六氢苯酞,是采用无机还原剂NaBH4还原六氢苯酐反应制得。该方法的目标产物的选择性低,环境问题严重(产生大量三废),且存在腐蚀问题严重,设备维护费用高的问题。另外一种是在均相催化剂Ir的催化作用下通过六氢苯酐选择性加氢制备六氢苯酞(Zhang,X. et al., Org. Lett. 2013,15, 1740-1743)。但该方法采用的均相贵金属催化剂存在催化剂回收利用问题。第三种方法是采用苯酞加氢制备六氢苯酞。该方法较为简洁,操作简单。但是苯酞是一种重要的精细化学品中间体,价格高昂,其作为反应物原料面临严重的经济性问题。第四种方法是采用1,2-环己基二甲醇脱水制备六氢苯酞,该方法面临的问题同第三种方法相似,原料来源受限,价格昂贵(Adv. Synth.Catal.2002,344, 328-337,JP 2010-208968 A 2010.9.24)。因此,开发绿色、节能、高效、精准制备六氢苯酞的方法是非常必须的、紧迫的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种利用苯酐或邻苯二甲酸为原料制备六氢苯酞的方法,以解决现有技术中制备六氢苯酞路线长,成本高,总体收率低,以及环保等问题。
本发明制备六氢苯酞的方法,是以苯酐或邻苯二甲酸为原料,在合适的溶剂中,加氢催化剂的作用下,还原性气体氛围中,于压力1~12MPa,温度100~200℃的条件下反应2~24小时,分离催化剂,蒸馏出溶剂,得到目标产物六氢苯酞。
所述溶剂为水、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、丙酮、1,4-二氧六环、四氢呋喃正己烷、环己烷、庚烷、甲苯、二甲苯、苯、乙酸乙酯中的至少一种。
所述还原性气体为氢气或含氢气的混合气体,优选纯氢气。
所述加氢催化剂,是以加氢金属元素为催化活性组分,负载于载体所得的复合催化剂。其中氢金属元素活性组分为钴、钌、镍、钯、铜、铜、锌、银、铁、铱、铑、铂中的至少一种,所述载体为活性炭、二氧化硅、分子筛、氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化钇、二氧化锆、氧化钐、二氧化钛、氧化镧、五氧化二铌、氧化钪、氧化铈中至少一种,加氢金属元素在复合催化剂中的含量为0.01wt.%~95wt.%。且复合催化剂的用量为苯酐或邻苯二甲酸质量的0.001%~100%。
复合催化剂的制备可采用常用的浸渍法、沉积沉淀法、高温热解法,以加氢金属活性组分的硝酸盐、盐酸盐为金属前体,以Al2O3、MgO、ZnO、TiO2、SiO2、活性炭等为载体,通过控制系统粘度、载体表面性质、金属离子浓度,金属用量等实验条件制备出不同金属负载量及比例的负载型加氢催化剂。
本发明的复合催化剂具有集选择性断裂碳氧键和芳环选择性加氢于一身的特点,复合型催化剂首先实现了苯酐定向断裂碳氧键,选择性制备苯酞,然后继续苯酞芳环的选择性加氢,进而高效、精准的六氢苯酞。其合成方式如下:
本发明相对于现有技术具有以下优点:
1、本发明利用大宗化学品苯酐或邻苯二甲酸一步直接制备了六氢苯酞,其工艺简单,操作方便,合成条件温和,成本低,而且绿色环保;
2、本发明使用具有选择性断裂碳氧键和芳环选择性加氢于一身的复合催化剂,苯酐的转化率高,对六氢苯酞的选择性也高;而且该复合催化剂可循环使用;
3、本发明的副产物六氢苯酐、苯酞、邻甲基苯甲酸与邻甲基环己甲酸也是具有高附加值的化学品,通过后续的富聚集与分离可获得相应的产品,提高经济效益。
附图说明
图1为复合催化剂NiCo/C-P制备六氢苯酞的转化率选择性使用寿命结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明利用苯酐或邻苯二甲酸制备六氢苯酞的方法和效果作进一步说明。
试剂来源:苯酐,纯度99.0%;邻苯二甲酸,纯度99.0%;氢气,纯度99.99%,溶剂以及催化剂活性组分所采用的原料金属盐均为商业分析纯。
实施例1
(1)加氢催化剂制备:将2gTiO2载体加入含有0.1mol/L 的PdCl2混合溶液中,充分浸渍8 h,将其置于烘箱中60℃干燥;所得样品于空气中300℃焙烧3h,然后再将焙烧后的样品于300℃氢气气氛下还原3 h,即得1%Pd/TiO2催化剂;
(2)六氢苯酞的制备:取上述制备上的1%Pd/TiO2负载型催化剂和环己烷30ml置于高压反应釜中,再加入5g苯酐,氢气置换三次,最终氢气压力为5 MPa;升温至170℃,充分搅拌下反应24小时,用水冷却反应釜至室温,缓慢排出气体,离心分离出催化剂通过,所得液体通过气相色谱进行分析,苯酐的转化率为100%,六氢苯酞的选择性为91%。
实施例2
(1)加氢催化剂制备:将2gTiO2载体加入含有0.5mol/L 的PdCl2混合溶液中,充分浸渍2 h,将其置于烘箱中60℃干燥;所得样品于空气中500℃焙烧3h,然后再将焙烧后的样品于300℃氢气气氛下还原3 h,即得5%Pd/TiO2催化剂;
(2)六氢苯酞的制备:取上述制备上的5%Pd/TiO2负载型催化剂和环己烷30ml置于高压反应釜中,再加入5g苯酐,氢气置换三次,最终氢气压力为5 MPa;升温至170℃,充分搅拌下反应12小时,用水冷却反应釜至室温,缓慢排出气体,将催化剂通过离心分离,所得液体通过气相色谱进行分析,苯酐的转化率为100%,六氢苯酞的选择性为87%。
实施例3
(1)加氢催化剂制备:将2g Al2O3载体加入含有0.1mol/L 的PdCl2混合溶液中,充分搅拌2 h,然后逐滴滴加1mol/L Na2CO3沉淀剂,在继续搅拌6 h,然后抽滤、洗涤,所得滤饼置于烘箱中100℃干燥;所得样品于空气中500℃焙烧3h,然后再将焙烧后的样品于300℃氢气气氛下还原3 h,即得1%Pd/Al2O3催化剂;
(2)六氢苯酞的制备:取上述制备上的1%Pd/Al2O3负载型催化剂和环己烷30ml置于高压反应釜中,再加入5g苯酐,氢气置换三次,最终氢气压力为5 MPa;升温至150℃,充分搅拌下反应18小时,用水冷却反应釜至室温,缓慢排出气体,将催化剂通过离心分离,所的液体通过气相色谱进行分析,苯酐的转化率为100%,六氢苯酞的选择性为85%。
实施例4
(1)加氢催化剂制备:将2g Al2O3载体加入含有0.1mol/L 的PdCl2与RuCl3混合溶液中,充分搅拌2 h,然后逐滴滴加1mol/L Na2CO3沉淀剂,在继续搅拌6 h,然后抽滤、洗涤,将所得滤饼其置于烘箱中100℃干燥。将所得样品与空气中500℃焙烧3h,然后再将焙烧后的样品于300℃氢气气氛下还原3 h,即得1%RuPd/Al2O3催化剂;
(2)六氢苯酞的制备:取上述制备上的负载型1%RuPd/Al2O3催化剂和环己烷30ml置于高压反应釜中,再加入5g苯酐,氢气置换三次,最终氢气压力为5 MPa;升温至170℃,充分搅拌下反应12小时,用水冷却反应釜至室温,缓慢排出气体,将催化剂通过离心分离,所的液体通过气相色谱进行分析,苯酐的转化率为100%,六氢苯酞的选择性为88%。
实施例5
(1)加氢催化剂制备:将5.82 g硝酸钴和5.80 g 硝酸镍,与6.72 g乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐加入40 mL 水与20 mL甲醇溶液中,充分搅拌4h,然后转移至120 mL水热釜中于200℃水热碳化24 h,将得到的络合物沉淀离心分离,并用甲醇和水洗涤,之后将所得络合物沉淀于烘箱中100℃干燥12 h。然后将所的固体于氮气中400℃高温热解得到NiCo-C样品。然后将NiCo-C样品与磷酸氢二胺混合,在400℃条件下再次碳化处理3 h得到NiCo-C-P催化剂;
(2)六氢苯酞的制备:取上述NiCo-C-P催化剂和环己烷30ml置于高压反应釜中,再加入5g苯酐,氢气置换三次,最终氢气压力为5 MPa;升温至170℃,充分搅拌下反应24小时,用水冷却反应釜至室温,缓慢排出气体,将催化剂通过离心分离,所的液体通过气相色谱进行分析,苯酐的转化率为100%,六氢苯酞的选择性为85%;
将分离的复合催化剂NiCo/C-P循环用于制备六氢苯酞,苯酐的转化率及六氢苯酞的选择性见图1,说明复合催化剂NiCo/C-P循环使用5次,还具有很高的转化率和选择性,因而具有很好的使用寿命。
苯酐是邻苯二甲酸酐的简称,白色固体,是邻苯二甲酸分子内脱水形成的环状酸酐。邻苯二甲酸可由邻苯二甲酸酐水解制得。由于邻苯二甲酸与邻苯二甲酸酐(苯酐)具有相似的化学性质,用邻苯二甲酸酐代替邻苯二甲酸制备六氢苯酞的原理及效果类似。
Claims (6)
1.利用苯酐或邻苯二甲酸制备六氢苯酞的方法,是以苯酐或邻苯二甲酸为原料,在合适的溶剂中,加氢复合催化剂的作用下,还原性气体氛围中,于压力1~12MPa,温度100~200℃的条件下反应2~24小时,分离催化剂,蒸馏出溶剂,得到目标产物六氢苯酞;所述加氢复合催化剂,是以加氢金属元素为催化活性组分,负载于载体所得的复合催化剂。
2.如权利要求1所述利用苯酐或邻苯二甲酸制备六氢苯酞的方法,其特征在于:所述氢金属元素活性组分为钴、钌、镍、钯、铜、铜、锌、银、铁、铱、铑、铂中的至少一种,且加氢金属元素在复合催化剂中的含量为0.01wt.%~95wt.%。
3.如权利要求1所述利用苯酐或邻苯二甲酸制备六氢苯酞的方法,其特征在于:所述载体为活性炭、二氧化硅、分子筛、氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化钇、二氧化锆、氧化钐、二氧化钛、氧化镧、五氧化二铌、氧化钪、氧化铈中至少一种。
4.如权利要求1所述利用苯酐或邻苯二甲酸制备六氢苯酞的方法,其特征在于:所述复合加氢催化剂的用量为苯酐或邻苯二甲酸质量的0.001%~100%。
5.如权利要求1所述利用苯酐或邻苯二甲酸制备六氢苯酞的方法,其特征在于:所述溶剂为水、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、丙酮、1,4-二氧六环、四氢呋喃正己烷、环己烷、庚烷、甲苯、二甲苯、苯、乙酸乙酯中的至少一种。
6.如权利要求1所述利用苯酐或邻苯二甲酸制备六氢苯酞的方法,其特征在于:所述还原性气体为氢气或含氢气的混合气体。
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