CN115886031A - Composition for stable flower formation of mature longan in 9-11 months and application thereof - Google Patents
Composition for stable flower formation of mature longan in 9-11 months and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composition for stable flower formation of mature longan in 9-11 months and application thereof. The composition consists of potassium chlorate and sodium tungstate. The composition is applied to improving the flowering rate and/or yield of longan planted in 'normal season and late season'. A method for improving the flower forming rate and/or yield of longan planted in late season comprises the step of applying the composition to chemically induce the flower forming of longan in late season in spring. The method improves the method for forcing flower to blossom by using single potassium chlorate, and the sodium tungstate is added when the potassium chlorate is applied, so that the flower-growing and plant-growing rate of the potassium chlorate in the 'normal season and late' can be effectively improved, the method can realize the adjustment of the longan production period, reduce the influence of the environment on the flower forcing effect, break through the limitation that the longan production in the main production area of China cannot be realized in the 'normal season and late' longan production, prolong the longan harvesting time, reduce the dependence on imported longan, increase the product value, improve the planting enthusiasm of fruit growers, and provide the 'normal season and late' planting technical support for the fruit growers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fruit tree planting, and particularly relates to a composition for stable flower formation of longan in normal season and late season and application thereof.
Background
The longan has centralized production period, mainly from late 7 months to middle 8 months, the phenomenon of sugar drop exists after the fruits ripen and hang on the trees for a week, the fruits need to be picked in time, the storage and transportation requirements after picking are higher, the fresh fruits are not suitable for being preserved for a longer time, the market supply period is short, the sales pressure is higher, the market price and the planting economic benefit of the longan are directly influenced, the planting enthusiasm of fruit growers is struck, and the development of the whole longan industry is influenced.
The longan belongs to evergreen fruit trees, the flower bud differentiation and the flower spike development of the longan require a long time at a low temperature of 10-14 ℃, the application of the potassium chlorate for flower forcing breaks the demand of longan flower formation on low temperature, different methods are adopted in different seasons to treat different varieties, and the flower forcing effect has certain difference. At present, the application is wider, the potassium chlorate is applied in the season to ensure the next-year flowering, namely, the potassium chlorate is applied or sprayed at the bottom of 11 months and the early 12 months to hasten the flowering in the season. In addition, the potassium chlorate is used for promoting blossom in early season (namely, the potassium chlorate is applied at the end of 10 months or at the beginning of 11 months), so that the early mature longan can be successfully obtained. Although chlorate has certain effect on promoting the longan blossom in the normal season and at night, the phenomena of unstable flower promoting effect, low induced flower forming rate, large effect difference among single plants, poor flower forming synchronism and the like exist, so the chlorate cannot be popularized and applied on a large scale in production. At present, flower forcing method is mainly soil application and foliage spraying, and potassium chlorate is used as medicine. Soil application is the most common method, and the agent is applied to the dripping line of the crown according to 30-60g of potassium chlorate per square meter, and 1g/L potassium chlorate solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces for 2 times. The traditional method for using single medicine is easily influenced by weather, so that the flower formation is unstable and the flower formation rate is low.
Therefore, the development of a compound flower forcing drug for inducing stable flower formation of longan in the normal season and at night and a matched application method have important significance for adjusting the longan producing period, relieving the sales pressure and increasing the product value, and the development of the longan industry is greatly promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a composition for promoting the stable flower formation of longan in the normal season and at night.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the use of the composition.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing the flower formation rate and/or yield of longan planted in 'normal season and late season'.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a composition for promoting longan flower formation in normal season and late season comprises potassium chlorate and sodium tungstate.
As a preferable mode of the invention, the mass ratio of the potassium chlorate to the sodium tungstate in the composition is (45-55) to (1-10), preferably (48-52): (1-5), more preferably 50: (2-5), more preferably 50: (3-4).
The 'late season' means that the maturing time of the longan is later than the normal time, the general maturing time of the longan is from 7 to 8 in the middle of the month, and the 'late season' means that the longan is matured in 9 to 11 months.
The composition is applied to improving the flowering rate and/or yield of longan planted in 'normal season and late season'.
The composition disclosed by the invention is applied to preparation of products for improving the flowering rate and/or yield of longan planted in the 'normal season and late season'.
A method for improving the flowering rate and/or yield of longan planted in late season comprises the step of applying the composition to chemically induce the flower forcing of longan in late season in spring.
Preferably, the method of application is selected from any one or more of application of trunk peeling, covering with soil-applied trench or covering with soil.
Preferably, the method maintains soil humidity in winter, increases nitrogen fertilizer, maintains the vegetative growth state of the longan tree, reduces the flowering amount in spring, combines flower scion shearing and flower bud wiping for the flowering tree, and starts flower forcing operation in the 'normal season and late' after flower shearing.
As a further optimization of the invention, the application method and dosage of the medicine for the branch peeling dressing are required to be as follows: peeling each big branch with the width of 1-3cm and the length of 8-12cm, uniformly smearing potassium chlorate according to 4.5-5.5 g/wound and sodium tungstate according to 0.1-1 g/wound after mixing with mud (8-10 g/wound), and covering the wound with a plastic bag after being wrapped by gauze to preserve water and prevent water; preferably, potassium chlorate is used according to the proportion of 4 to 8 to 5.2g per wound, and sodium tungstate is used according to the proportion of 0.1 to 0.5g per wound; further preferably: 5g of potassium chlorate per wound and 0.2-0.5g of sodium tungstate per wound.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the method for forming a trench film by applying a trench film to soil, comprises: after the medicine is applied, parallel ditches are formed in two sides of the tree, and the soil and the surface of the soil in the ditches are covered by plastic films under the projection of the tree crown; the requirements of the dosage and the use method of the medicine are as follows: the potassium chlorate is 45-55g/m 2 Sodium tungstate of 1-10g/m 2 The dosage of the water is 2.5-3.5L/m 2 Opening a ring-shaped shallow trench at the water dropping line of the crown, uniformly spraying the medicine into the trench, and covering the soil and the dead leaves after spraying; preferably 48-52g/m of potassium chlorate 2 Sodium tungstate of 1-5g/m 2 Is dissolved in water in an amount of 3L/m 2 (ii) a Further preferably potassium chlorate in an amount of 50g/m 2 Sodium tungstate in an amount of 2-5g/m 2 Is dissolved in water in an amount of 3L/m 2 。
As a further preference of the invention, after the medicine is applied, the soil application film directly covers the plastic film on the soil surface under the projection of the crown; the requirements of the dosage and the use method of the medicine are as follows: the potassium chlorate is 45-55g/m 2 Sodium tungstate in an amount of 1 to 10g/m 2 The dosage of the water is 2.5-3.5L/m 2 Opening a ring-shaped shallow trench at the water dropping line of the crown, uniformly spraying the medicine into the trench, and covering the soil and the dead leaves after spraying; preferably 48-52g/m of potassium chlorate 2 Sodium tungstate of 1-5g/m 2 Is dissolved in water in an amount of 3L/m 2 (ii) a Further preferably potassium chlorate in an amount of 50g/m 2 Of tungstic acidSodium in a ratio of 2-5g/m 2 Is dissolved in water in an amount of 3L/m 2 。
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the current commonly used flower forcing medicine is single potassium chlorate, and earlier researches show that toxic chlorite is generated by taking part in the nitric acid reduction process in preference to nitrate after chlorate ions are transported into plants, so that the content of the chlorate ions playing a flower forcing role is reduced, and the flower forcing effect is influenced. Therefore, if a nitrate reductase inhibitor can be added in addition to potassium chlorate, the flowering stability and the flowering efficiency can be improved. Sodium tungstate is an inhibitor of nitrate reductase, so that the activity of sodium tungstate can be reduced, the reduction process of sodium tungstate on chloride ions is reduced, the concentration of chlorate ions in longan bodies is improved, and the flower forcing success rate is improved. After the potassium chlorate and the sodium tungstate are mixed for use, the longan flowering rate is obviously improved in the 'normal season late' and the stable production of the longan in the 'normal season late' is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method improves the method for forcing blossoming by using single potassium chlorate all the time, and the sodium tungstate is added when the potassium chlorate is applied, so that the rate of potassium chlorate for forcing blossoming into flowers in normal seasons and late seasons can be effectively improved, the method can realize the adjustment of longan production period, reduce the influence of the environment on the flower forcing effect, break through the limitation that the main production area of longan in China cannot realize the production of longan in normal seasons and late seasons, prolong the longan harvesting time, reduce the dependence on imported longan, increase the product value, improve the planting enthusiasm of fruit growers and provide the technical support for planting longan in normal seasons and late seasons for the fruit growers.
2. The invention provides diversified application modes, and one or more of the three modes can be selected according to the orchard conditions.
3. The medicine used in the invention can be purchased in the market, has simple application mode, is directly dissolved in water or mixed with soil for application, and only needs the trees with different ages to control the application dosage.
4. The invention has small peeling area and small damage to the tree body, and the wound is healed quickly after the flower is formed and the medicine is removed, thus the continuous application in the second year is not influenced; after ditching, can continue to use, the plastic film can reuse, and the input is less earlier, and the life is longer.
5. The longan tree subjected to stable flower forcing in the late season has no difference between the fruiting rate of the longan tree in the late season and the fruiting rate of the longan tree in the late season, so that the method has high feasibility.
Detailed description of the invention:
the invention provides three implementation modes, the first mode is that the branches are peeled and applied with the medicine, the flower forcing medicine is potassium chlorate and sodium tungstate, and the dosage of the medicine and the method are as follows:
keeping soil humidity in winter, and the dosage is 0.2g/m 2 And applying nitrogen fertilizer to the tree crown to maintain the vegetative growth state of the longan tree as much as possible, reducing the flower formation amount in spring, combining flower spike cutting and flower bud wiping for the flowering tree, and starting the flower forcing operation of 'right season and late' after flower cutting (in the last ten days of 4 months). The longan tree which does not bloom in the current year is preferably selected.
In this embodiment of the invention, the method of administration and the dosage of the drug are required to be: peeling big branches, wherein each big branch has a wound, the peeling width is 2cm, the peeling length is 10cm, 5g of potassium chlorate per wound and 0.3g of sodium tungstate per wound are mixed with 10g of mud and then are uniformly smeared on the wound, and the wound is covered with gauze to preserve water and prevent water.
In the embodiment, the peeling can be carried out by using a cutter which is convenient to operate, such as a ring peeling knife, a grafting knife and the like, and the peeling area reduces the damage to the tree body as much as possible on the premise of ensuring that the tree body can absorb the medicine; mixing with mud to make the medicine slowly absorbed by tree body, and avoid damage to tree body by directly using original medicine; the gauze package can be breathable and moisturized; the plastic bag cover can prevent rainwater from directly washing away, and can keep water simultaneously.
The invention provides three implementation modes, the second mode is soil application, ditching and film covering, the flower forcing medicine is potassium chlorate and sodium tungstate, and the medicine dosage and the soil application method are as follows:
keeping soil humidity in winter, and the dosage is 0.2g/m 2 And applying nitrogen fertilizer to the crown of the tree to maintain the vegetative growth state of the longan tree as much as possible, reducing the flower formation amount in spring, combining flower scion shearing and flower bud wiping for the flowering tree, and starting the flower forcing operation of 'normal season and late' after flower shearing (in the last ten days of 4 months).The longan tree which does not bloom in the current year is preferably selected.
In this embodiment, the requirements for the amount and usage of the drug are: potassium chlorate according to 50g/m 2 Sodium tungstate in an amount of 4g/m 2 Is dissolved in water in an amount of 3L/m 2 Opening a ring-shaped shallow trench at the water dropping line of the tree crown, uniformly spraying the medicine into the trench, and covering the soil and the dead leaves after spraying. The annular shallow ditch is formed by shoveling a tree for a circle by using a hoe and covering the medicine under the soil, and the operation is the same as the fertilization operation.
In this embodiment, the amount of potassium chlorate used is 50g/m 2 The dosage of sodium tungstate is 4g/m 2 Applied after dissolving in water, with the aim of: the flower forcing difficulty is higher in the late season, the using amount of potassium chlorate is increased by more than 60% compared with the flower forcing effect in the late season, and the longan has a better absorption effect on medicaments after water dissolution, so that the flower forcing effect is facilitated. The application is carried out by opening the ring-shaped shallow trench at the water dropping line of the tree crown, the root system at the water dropping line is developed, the absorption of the root system to the medicine is more facilitated, the loss of the medicine can be reduced by covering the shallow trench, and the maximum medicine utilization rate is realized.
The steps of ditching, laminating, water proofing and draining comprise: before the application of the medicine, parallel ditches are made on two sides of the tree by a ditcher, and the plastic film covers the tree after the application of the medicine.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the requirements for the ditching coating film are: parallel ditches are arranged between the two rows of trees, the ditches are in a slope shape with the depth of 20-50cm and the width of about 50cm, and the film covering range comprises soil under the projection of the crowns and the ditches.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the ditching depth is 20-50cm and the width is 50cm, and the aim is to: the operation is convenient compared with the parallel shallow trench, the cost is saved, and the slope shape is favorable for draining water. In the tectorial membrane scope includes under the crown projection soil and ditch, mainly be in order to guarantee that the medicine is not washed away by the rainwater, the tectorial membrane can in time discharge the rainwater in the ditch, prevents near root soil of rainwater infiltration tree root, keeps root soil dry, reduces soil moisture, guarantees the medicine effect.
In the embodiment, the ditching tool adopts special ditching equipment, and can be a common ditching machine in agricultural production on the premise of ensuring the depth and the width; the plastic film is mainly used for waterproofing and can be recycled, and the waterproof plastic film can be used but needs to be sun-proof.
The invention provides three embodiments, the third is a soil application film, the flower forcing medicine is potassium chlorate + sodium tungstate, the soil application method is the same as the second embodiment, and the film is directly coated after the soil application without opening parallel grooves.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an application of the anti-season stable flower forcing method for longan in the first aspect of the present invention in large-scale longan planting. In some embodiments of the invention, the longan is selected from any one of 'Shixia' and 'Culex' longans.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a photograph of the method of peeling and applying the medicine to the trunk in the embodiment of the present invention.
A: peeling the branches; b: mixing with soil, and applying; c: covering a film after being wrapped by gauze; d: the whole tree body is photographed after the medicine is applied.
Fig. 2 is an image of an earth-applying trench cover film in an example of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an image of a soil-applied film in an example of the present method.
Fig. 4 is an image of the flower formation result of longan after flower forcing in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The test materials and reagents used are, unless otherwise specified, all consumables and reagents which are customary and commercially available.
Example 1:
test site: research institute of fruit trees of academy of agricultural sciences, guangdong province;
after the spica of the Shixia longan is shaped on 9 days 3 and 2 days 2021, the spica is cut off, and 9 Shixia longan plants with basically consistent sizes are selected, wherein 3 longan plants are taken as experimental groups, and a mode of peeling branches and applying compound medicines is adopted; peeling branches and trunks of 3 plants and applying single potassium chlorate; 3 plants were used as blank control group, only peeled and applied with mud, and no drug was added. The application is started 30 days after the cutting of flowers, namely the specific application time is 2020 year 4, month 9 and 2021 year 4, month 2.
Peeling branches and applying medicine: the thickness of the selected branches is 5-20cm, the peeling position is selected as far as possible at the base of the branches, the peeling length is about 10cm, and the peeling width is about 2cm. The compound medicine potassium chlorate is 5 g/wound, and the sodium tungstate is 0.3 g/wound; potassium chlorate singly is mixed with 10g mud according to 5 g/wound and then is evenly smeared on the wound, and the wound is covered with a plastic bag after being wrapped by gauze (as shown in figure 1).
Observation of phenology in 2020 and 2021, as well as flowering rate and yield per plant, are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 branch peeling and medicine application for inducing longan to form flower season and yield
It can be found that the peeling and the applying of the compound medicine for flower forcing can lead the flower forming rate of a single plant to reach more than 60 percent after the flower is cut in 3 months, the yield of the single plant is more than 50kg, and compared with the single potassium chlorate for flower forcing, the flower forcing efficiency is improved by more than 4 times, and the yield is improved by more than 4 times. The longan can be in the ripening stage of about eleven holidays by a 'normal season late' cultivation mode, and the product benefit of the longan can be improved.
Example 2:
test site: research institute of fruit trees of academy of agricultural sciences of Guangdong province;
after the spica of the Shixia longan is shaped on 9 days 3 and 2 days 2021, the spica is cut off, 12 Shixia longan plants with basically consistent sizes are selected, wherein 4 longan plants are used as experimental groups, and a soil application compound pesticide ditching and film covering mode is adopted; 4 plants adopt a mode of soil application of single potassium chlorate for ditching and film covering; 4 plants were used as a blank control group, and only furrows were covered with film without adding drugs. The application is started 30 days after the cutting of flowers, namely the specific application time is 2020 year 4, month 9 and 2021 year 4, month 2.
Soil application, ditching and film covering: the compounded medicine potassium chlorate is 50g/m 2 Sodium tungstate in an amount of 4g/m 2 The amount of (A) to (B); potassium chlorate singly used is 50g/m 2 Dissolving in water at a ratio of 3L/m 2 Opening a ring-shaped shallow trench at the water dropping line of the tree crown, uniformly spraying the medicine into the trench, and covering the soil and the dead leaves after spraying. Parallel grooves are arranged outside the dripping line before the medicine is applied, and a film is covered after the medicine is applied.
Observation of phenology in 2020 and 2021, as well as flowering rate and yield per plant, are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 soil application, ditching, film covering, induction of flowering season and yield of longan
The method can find that the soil application ditching, film covering and flower forcing enable the flowering rate of a single plant to reach more than 50%, the yield of the single plant to be more than 40kg, and the efficiency is improved by more than 5 times and the yield is improved by more than 4 times compared with the single potassium chlorate flower forcing efficiency. Compared with the method for peeling the branches and applying the medicine, the soil application flower forming effect and the yield are relatively low, the maturity period is similar, and the flowers are mature in the national celebration period.
Example 3:
test site: research institute of fruit trees of academy of agricultural sciences, guangdong province;
cutting off spica after shaping of Shixia longan spica on 3/9 days in 2020 year and 3/2 days in 2021 year, and selecting Shixia longan 9 plants with basically consistent sizes, wherein 3 plants are used as experimental groups and a soil application compound medicine film coating mode is adopted; 3 plants adopt a mode of applying single potassium chlorate film on soil; 3 plants were used as blank control groups, only coated with film, and no drug was added. Application was started 30 days after cutting the flowers.
And (3) soil coating: the compounded medicine potassium chlorate is 50g/m 2 Sodium tungstate in an amount of 4g/m 2 The amount of (c); potassium chlorate alone is 50g/m 2 Dissolving in water at a ratio of 3L/m 2 Opening a ring-shaped shallow trench at the water dropping line of the tree crown, uniformly spraying the medicine into the trench, covering the sprayed soil and dead leaves, and covering with a film.
Observation of phenology in 2020 and 2021, as well as flowering rate and yield per plant, are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 soil covering film for inducing longan to grow flower season and yield
It can be found that the 'normal season late' flower forcing efficiency and seed setting rate can be obviously improved after sodium tungstate is added, and compared with a method for applying ditching and film coating on soil, the method for applying ditching and film coating on the soil has some influence on flower formation and fruit setting, so that shallow trenches are opened as far as possible under the condition that conditions allow.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A composition for promoting longan to stably flower in the normal season and late season is characterized by comprising potassium chlorate and sodium tungstate.
2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass ratio of potassium chlorate and sodium tungstate is (45-55) to (1-10), preferably (48-52): (1-5), more preferably 50: (2-5), more preferably 50: (3-4).
3. Use of a composition according to claim 1 or 2 to increase the flowering rate and/or yield of longan planted 'in the season late'.
4. Use of a composition according to claim 1 or 2 for the preparation of a product for increasing the flowering rate and/or yield of longan planted 'in the season late'.
5. A method for increasing the flowering rate and/or yield of longan planted 'normal-season late', characterized in that chemical induction of longan 'normal-season late' flowering is carried out in the spring by applying the composition of claim 1 or 2.
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the method of application is selected from any one or more of branch peeling application, soil-applied trench coating or soil-applied coating.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the soil moisture is maintained in winter, nitrogen fertilizer is added, the vegetative growth state of the longan tree is maintained, the flowering amount in spring is reduced, the flowering tree is subjected to a combination of flower scion shearing and flower bud wiping, and flower forcing operation is started after flower shearing.
8. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method and dosage of the medicine for the application of the branch barking medicine are as follows: peeling branches, wherein each branch has a wound, the peeling width is 1-3cm, the peeling length is 8-12cm, potassium chlorate is 4.5-5.5 g/wound, sodium tungstate is 0.1-1 g/wound, the mixture is uniformly smeared on the wound after being mixed with mud, gauze is wrapped, and then plastic bags are used for covering the wound to preserve water and prevent water, and the mud consumption is 8-10 g/wound; preferably, potassium chlorate is used according to the proportion of 4 to 8 to 5.2g per wound, and sodium tungstate is used according to the proportion of 0.1 to 0.5g per wound; further preferably: 5g of potassium chlorate per wound and 0.2-0.5g of sodium tungstate per wound.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein said method of applying a trench covering to the soil comprises: after the medicine is applied, parallel ditches are formed in two sides of the tree, and the soil and the surface of the soil in the ditches are covered by plastic films under the projection of the tree crown; the requirements of the dosage and the use method of the medicine are as follows: the potassium chlorate is 45-55g/m 2 Sodium tungstate in an amount of 1 to 10g/m 2 The dosage of the water is 2.5-3.5L/m 2 Opening a ring-shaped shallow trench at the water dropping line of the tree crown, uniformly spraying the medicine into the trench, and covering the sprayed soil and dead leaves; preferably 48-52g/m of potassium chlorate 2 Of tungstic acidSodium is in the range of 1-5g/m 2 Is dissolved in water in an amount of 3L/m 2 (ii) a Further preferably potassium chlorate in an amount of 50g/m 2 Sodium tungstate in an amount of 2-5g/m 2 Is dissolved in water in an amount of 3L/m 2 。
10. The method of claim 6, wherein the soil coating film is directly covered on the soil surface by a plastic film projected on the crown after the drug is applied; the requirements of the dosage and the use method of the medicine are as follows: the potassium chlorate is 45-55g/m 2 Sodium tungstate in an amount of 1 to 10g/m 2 The dosage of the water is 2.5-3.5L/m 2 Opening a ring-shaped shallow trench at the water dropping line of the tree crown, uniformly spraying the medicine into the trench, and covering the sprayed soil and dead leaves; preferably 48-52g/m of potassium chlorate 2 Sodium tungstate in an amount of 1 to 5g/m 2 Is dissolved in water in an amount of 3L/m 2 (ii) a Further preferably potassium chlorate in an amount of 50g/m 2 Sodium tungstate in an amount of 2-5g/m 2 Is dissolved in water in an amount of 3L/m 2 。
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